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This study explores different factors that impact the treatment of drug related substance abuse disorders These disorders are prevalent across all age groups ethnicities and cultures Factors such as age and gender in particular have an impact on the treatment that is offered and also the relapse rate The review focuses on how women tend to get have easier access to aid while men due to lack of treatment access are more prone to relapse Treatments have different strategies and impacts for different age groups too While senior citizens do not get recognised as people who need aid adolescents seem to have quite a few different ways of treatments available Different strategies such as religion family and structured therapy have also been discussed to see how various approaches impact treatment of drug related disorders In conclusion it has been discussed how this information about different factors and strategies can be combined to develop universal yet personalised intervention and treatment programs

Current descriptive and qualitative study described feelings and codependent behavior in relatives of illicit drug users. Data were collected between March and April 2012 by an open interview with eight family members of illicit drugs-dependent individuals and subjected to theme-mode content analysis. Results were classified into two categories which showed intense suffering coupled to feelings of guilt, fear, shame, sadness, shame and manifestation of codependent behaviors such as denial and control of the one´s situation and that of others. Professionals should know the situation in which the families of drug addicts live to assist them in a different way. They should also identify codependent relatives, since they also need care so that their behavior does not worsen the symptoms and behavior of the drug user and prevents a possible medical or psychiatric diagnosis.

This study sought to assess the attitudes of Mental Health Professionals (MHPs) towards tackling illicit drug use and drug-related disorders in Nigeria and to explore regional variations in attitude. Based on the validated Substance Abuse Attitude Survey (SAAS), a quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted in a randomized sample of 292 MHPs practicing in neuropsychiatric hospitals and mental health departments of teaching hospitals from four geopolitical zones of Nigeria. A response rate of 81.1% was achieved. MHPs tended towards non-permissive, moralistic and stereotypic spectrum and exhibited distinctly defined attitude towards their professional role. The Kruskal-Wallis analysis established significant regional variation in the attitude of multidisciplinary MHPs, H (3)=18.727, p< .0001 reflecting a stochastic domination across the region; therefore a step-down follow-up analysis was conducted. This analysis revealed that the distribution of attitude total-score varies significantly between the South-south and the Southwestern region (p< .0001), the northeastern and southwestern region of the country (p< .028). A holistic approach towards standardization of drug treatment and care that takes into consideration possible regional variation in attitudes of MHPs should be implemented to foster the reintegration and rehabilitation of drug-using populations into the mainstream society.

A literatura tem indicado diversos problemas relacionados ao uso indevido de drogas na sociedade brasileira. Nesse contexto, as instituições religiosas surgem como local de recuperação. Apresentam-se os resultados obtidos por um estudo visando compreender o processo de recuperação do uso indevido de drogas vivido por fiéis de igrejas pentecostais Assembleia de Deus, de uma comunidade popular da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, recorrendo a entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação participante. Foram entrevistados dez participantes dessas igrejas que buscaram o local por problemas relacionados ao uso indevido de drogas. Foi feita análise de conteúdo, buscando nexos de sentido nos discursos. Resultados apontam as motivações da igreja ao interessar-se pela recuperação de usuários de drogas, bem como as dos usuários para a busca da igreja, indicando que o processo de recuperação envolve elementos totalizantes e individualizantes. A variety of drug misuse-related problems in Brazilian society have been described in the literature. Religious institutions have emerged as a place for recovery, within this context. This paper presents the results from a study that aimed to understand the process of recovery from drug misuse experienced by believers at the Assembly of God Pentecostal church, in a low-income community in Rio de Janeiro. The qualitative method was applied, including semi-structured interviews and participative observation. Ten Assembly of God believers, who sought the church due to drug misuse-related problems, were interviewed. Content analysis was performed, to seek linked meanings in their discourse. The results showed the church's motivations in taking an interest in drug- user rehabilitation, and the users' interest in seeking out the church, thus indicating that the recovery process involves both totalizing and individualizing elements. La literatura ha indicado varios problemas relacionados con el uso indebido de drogas en la sociedad brasileña. Las instituciones religiosas surgen como sitio de recuperación. Son presentados los resultados de un estudio acerca del proceso de recuperación del uso indebido de drogas vivido por fieles de iglesias pentecostales Asamblea de Dios, en una comunidad popular de Río de Janeiro. Se trata de investigación cualitativa mediante entrevistas semi-estructuradas y observación participante. Fueron entrevistados diez participantes de dicha iglesia que buscaban la institución por problemas relacionados con drogas; se realizó el análisis de contenido, buscando nexo de sentido en los discursos. Los resultados sugieren las motivaciones de la iglesia al interesarse por la recuperación de los usuarios de drogas así como las motivaciones de los usuarios al acudir a la iglesia, indicando que el proceso de recuperación involucra elementos individuales y totalizadores.

© 2015 President and Fellows of Harvard College. Over the past decade, the amount and variety of addiction research around the world has increased substantially. Researchers in Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, United States, and western Europe have significantly contributed to knowledge about addiction and its treatment. However, the nature and context of substance use disorders and the populations using drugs are far more diverse than is reflected in studies done in Western cultures. To stimulate new research from a diverse set of cultural perspectives, the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) has promoted the development of addiction research capacity and skills around the world for over 25 years. This review will describe the programs NIDA has developed to sponsor international research and research fellows and will provide some examples of the work NIDA has supported. NIDA fellowships have allowed 496 individuals from 96 countries to be trained in addiction research. The United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia have recently developed funding to support addiction research to study, with advice from NIDA, the substance use disorder problems that affect their societies. Examples from Malaysia, Tanzania, Brazil, Russian Federation, Ukraine, Republic of Georgia, Iceland, China, and Vietnam are used to illustrate research being conducted with NIDA support. Health services research, collaboratively funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health and Department of State, addresses a range of addiction service development questions in low- and middle-income countries. Findings have expanded the understanding of addiction and its treatment, and are enhancing the ability of practitioners and policy makers to address substance use disorders.

Hensikten med oppgaven var å belyse hvordan sykepleieres holdninger påvirker brukermedvirkningen i behandlingen av rusavhengige pasienter. Funnene viste at sykepleieres holdninger kunne hemme eller fremme brukermedvirkningen, og at informantene opplevde å ha for lite kunnskaper om rusproblematikk. Det ble observert en mønster i sykepleiernes holdninger på bakgrunn av hvor de arbeidet.

Introducción: Pocos estudios han explorado en una población clínica de pacientes que reciben tratamiento ambulatorio para trastornos del comportamiento alimentario (TCA) las variables abuso o dependencia de sustancias, antecedentes de trauma y multiimpulsividad y su impacto en la adherencia al tratamiento y el pronóstico. Este estudio pretende hacerlo en pacientes colombianos con TCA, para analizar su impacto en la frecuencia de recaídas o deserción temprana del tratamiento. Método: Se estudiaron 578 pacientes de ambos sexos que ingresaron en forma consecutiva al programa ambulatorio EQUILIBRIO de la ciudad de Bogotá entre junio de 1997 y diciembre de 2007 para el tratamiento de su patología alimentaria, mediante la Entrevista Clínica Estructurada del DSM-IV (SCID 1). Resultados: Al ingreso, 201 pacientes presentaban anorexia nerviosa; 220, bulimia nerviosa; 121, trastorno por atracones de alimentación, y 36, cuadros incompletos de anorexia o bulimia. En 108 existían problemas relacionados con sustancias en el momento de ingresar al tratamiento (alcohol, marihuana, cocaína u otros estimulantes). Del grupo principal 111 se autolesionaban periódicamente. Conclusión: La presencia de abuso de sustancias y el antecedente de traumas tempranos se asocian a un patrón complejo de comorbilidades de predominio impulsivo y afectivo con mayor riesgo de intentos de suicidio, otros comportamientos parasuicidas, recaídas o abandono temprano del tratamiento. Esta situación hace necesario el manejo específico de las comorbilidades. Introduction: Few studies have explored, in a clinical population of patients receiving outpatient treatment for eating disorders (ED), the variables drug abuse and dependency, history of trauma, and multi-impulsivity, and their impact on treatment compliance and prognosis. The objective of this study is to do so and analyze their impact on relapse frequency and early treatment dropout. Method: 578 male and female patients, who consecutively entered the outpatient program EQUILIBRIO in Bogotá between June 1997 and December 2007 to be treated for their eating disorders, were studied using the DSM-IV Structured Clinical Interview (SCID 1). Results: On entry, 201 patients presented with nervous anorexia; 220 with nervous bulimia; 121 with food gorging disorder; and 36 with incomplete pictures of anorexia or bulimia; 108 had drug-related problems (alcohol, marijuana, cocaine and other stimulants) at the time of entry to the program. Of the main group 111 periodically self-injured. Conclusion: The presence of drug abuse and trauma history is associated with a complex pattern of predominantly impulsive comorbidities, with a higher risk for suicide attempts, other parasuicidal behaviours, relapses or early treatment dropout. This situation makes it necessary to manage each comorbidity specifically.

Aims: The prevalence of cocaine use is still very low in Germany, but rates have been increasing over the past few decades. Patterns of drug consumption and related adverse consequences in individuals who have used cocaine were investigated in order to distinguish different types of cocaine users. Methods: Data come from two national representative surveys on substance abuse in the German general population conducted in 1997 and 2000 using self- administered questionnaires. Overall response rates were 65 and 51%, respectively. The two samples were pooled (n = 16,159) and latent cluster analysis was conducted using a sub-sample of 272 lifetime cocaine users. Results: Three clusters were derived: the majority belonged to the group of mainly unproblematic users (UPG, 80%), the second group comprised non-amphetamine poly-problem drug users (NAPPG, 12%), and a small group was composed of poly-problem drug users (PPG, 8%). Comparisons of sociodemographic characteristics, consumption patterns and age of onset for licit and illicit drug use revealed significant differences between the groups. Conclusions: The majority of cocaine users in the general population are experimental or occasional users of licit and illicit drugs. Rather than being a major drug, cocaine is one of many other licit and illicit drugs. Cocaine use as part of predominantly poly-drug use behaviour is strongly associated with substance-related disorders.