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A study was carried out to study the effect of sucrosin bio stimulant application on the early growth of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) var. CM 2012 at the PT Perkebunan Nusantara XIV Arasoe Sugar Factory, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi from June to September 2019. The sucrosin was applied by immersing three segments of sugarcane cuttings (three eyes) for 30 minutes, then planted in a separate block from control treatment, with an area of 3 ha, respectively. Plant sampling was carried out diagonally on 10 rows of plants with a line length of 10 m per row. Data analysis was carried out using t test at α=0.05 level, correlation, and regression analysis to compare the growth parameters of sugarcane shoots, and to determine the relationship between shoot growth and the sucrosin treatments. The results show that the application of sucrosin to sugarcane cuttings significantly increased the early growth of sugarcane indicated by increase in shoot height, shoot and tillers number, and the number of leaf chlorophyll. The variable value of sucrosin treatment was highly correlated with the control indicated by the highest correlation value in the leaf chlorophyll number (0.996) and the lowest in the shoot height increase (0.991). The increase of the sucrosin treatment value in the regression equation is greater than the control, means, for each addition of one control value, the value of sucrosin treatment increased by 4.39, 10.70, 8.11 and 1.99 in the parameters of shoot height, number of primary shoots, number of tillers, and leaf chlorophyll number of sugarcane, respectively.

Gracilaria changii is a seaweed species that is widely cultivated in brackish water ponds. G. changii cultivated in brackish waters will face high salinity problems in the dry season. This study aimed to analyse the effect of salinity on the growth of G. changii. The study was conducted in a controlled tank which was allowed to evaporate naturally, and without the addition of fresh water so that salinity can increase progressively. This study indicates that high salinity significantly affects the growth of G. changii. G. changii is a true euryhaline, can live at a salinity of 7 to 115 ppt. At salinity levels above 100 ppt, G. changii growth was negative and thallus has discoloration, but still survive. The different salinity at the beginning of cultivation produces a different maximum weight; this shows that G. changii can form an ecotype based on a salinity gradient.

The sandfish Holothuria scabra is a sea cucumber with a very high economic value. Sandfish cultivated in brackish water ponds will face a high salinity problem in the dry season. This study aimed to analyse the effect of high salinity on sandfish mortality. The study was done in a controlled tank in which the sea water was allowed to evaporate naturally, without the addition fresh water, so that the salinity increased continually. High salinity can cause injury and death to sandfish; before death, there was an evisceration. The death salinity of sandfish was 47 ppt. Sandfish have a greater range of tolerance to salinity than other sea cucumber species.

High mortality of sandfish Holothuria scabra broodstock is one of the main problems in sea cucumber hatcheries. Broodstock collected from wild are very difficult to keep alive for long periods because the broodstock readily eviscerate. One cause of evisceration and death is probably due to the presence of peanut crabs Pinnotheres halingi in body cavity as commensal. This study aimed to analyse the mortality of sandfish due to the presence of peanut crabs as commensal. Sandfish samples were collected in Liukang Tupabbiring Utara District, Pangkep Regency in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. During the study, 139 sandfish were observed in rearing nine tanks at the laboratory. The results of this study are not strong enough to state that peanut crab is a symbiotic commensal or parasite. The peanut crab is thought to have turned into a predator when it starved. Peanut crab malignancy as a predator can cause the death of 139 sandfish in 92 days. This is thought to be the reason why broodstock is very difficult to rear for a long period in a controlled tank in a laboratory or hatchery.

The Nile TilapiaOreochromis niloticusis considering as a pest in shrimp farming ponds, as it is a shrimp competitor and predator of benthic organisms. This study aims to determine the effective and efficient saponins doses to eradicate tilapia without causing shrimp mortality. The study used two different saponins doses (200 kg/ha and 100 kg/ha) with seven different levels of salinity (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 ppt). The saponins doses used in this study had no effect on shrimp mortality, but had a significant effect on mortality of nile tilapia. The mortality of nile tilapia was 100% for all treatments. The death time of nile tilapia decreased significantly with increasing salinity. Longest nile tilapia death time was found at 10 ppt water salinity; this salinity is close to that of body fluids (14 ppt). The greater the difference between the ion content of body fluids and water ions in the test media, the faster the time of death. The effects of bleeding on the operculum, pectoral and caudal fins are more severe at high salinity. It is advisable not to increase the saponins doses, use the same saponins doses at any salinity, because predatory and competitive fish will die at any salinity.

Sandfish culture had been implemented for more than 20 years but has frequently failed to yield the expected results due to low survival rates. A decrease in salinity during the rainy season was suspected as a cause of sandfish mortality. This study aimed to assess the influence of salinity on sandfish survival rates. Treatments included sudden shock and gradual acclimation trial methods. Even though the results of this study indicate a mean survival rate of 50% at 14.6 ppt, the survival rate fell drastically as water salinity was reduced below the salinity of saltwater bony fish body fluids (around 18 ppt). Sandfish cannot live in water with salinity lower than the osmotic body fluid of freshwater bony fish (around 14 ppt). Therefore, for the cultivation of sandfish in coastal ponds, salinity should not be allowed to fall below a minimum of 18 ppt.

The supply of broodstock is a critical limitation on aquaculture of the commercially important sea cucumber Holothuria scabra. Previous research reported that H. scabra mature at a size of more than 450 g. This size is questionable because biologically primitive organisms such as H. scabra mature relatively early. This study aimed to analyze the size at first maturity of H. scabra. The first sexual maturity was analysed by dividing the H. scabra by weight with 25 g weight class intervals, resulting in 12 weight groups. The size at first sexual maturity was determined using mature H. scabra (Stages III, IV, and V). The first maturity of H. scabra was reached at a smaller size than previously reported, from 178 H. scabra that were observed, the first sexual maturity is achieved at 42 g gutted body weight. Small H. scabra potentially used as broodstock, which will produce H. scabra seeds in hatcheries. Although small in size, H. scabra mature can reproduce, of course, with a smaller reproductive capacity. Small size at the first sexual maturity offers the potential for dramatic improvements in the procurement of broodstock stock, by providing a much more accessible supply of H. scabra prospective broodstock.

The sandfish Holothuria scabra is a benthic animal of high ecological and economic value. The high economic value of sandfish has led to declining populations due to overfishing. Initiatives to improve sandfish production have included restocking, sea-ranching and aquaculture (captive breeding and grow-out). These initiatives require a supply of animals (seed and/or broodstock) that often originate far from the location where they are needed. This calls for a good transportation system so that the sandfish arrive in good condition. This study aimed to assess the evisceration rate of sandfish transported using open and closed transportation modes. During the study, different modes of packing, density, transportation time, and holding time were evaluated. This study indicated that delivery using open systems gave poor results; besides being less practical, post-transport evisceration was very high. The ratio of oxygen and water and the packing density did not appear to affect the sandfish evisceration rate. Evisceration seemed to be triggered by the presence of dead and decaying sandfish in the bag. Sandfish that survived transportation generally recovered swiftly after being placed in a pre-prepared holding tank. The transported sandfish were used for multitrophic aquaculture and the post-transport survival ratio was very high.

Sandfish Holothuria scabra is a species of high economic value that causes sandfish to be the most captured sea cucumber species, and is an important source of income for fishermen in coastal villages. Sandfish capture causes already over fishing. If the wild population of sandfish is not managed properly, over fishing could cause sandfish extinction. This reason, an alternative efforts are needed to increase sandfish production, such as cultivation and restocking. Sandfish was a species that can live in the estuary region, so that it has the potential to be maintained in brackish water ponds. One of the problems of Sandfish cultivation in the brackish water ponds was the predators attack. This study aims to analyze the predator attack on sandfish. The study was carried out on a microcosm scale by using the tanks. The organism used was Sandfish H. scabra, Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, and seaweed Gracilaria sp. Mangrove Snail attack can cause death if the sandfish has already eviscerated. The healing process takes one to several weeks, depending on the size of the wound. Nile Tilapia attacks were generally not deadly. Death only occurs if the wound is too deep and causes internal organs to come out, but this was very rare. During the study, only one case occurred in which the sandfish died due to the attack of Nile Tilapia. The sandfish that not injured in the ventral side, and does not suffer from evisceration, the mortality was zero. Sandfish wounds heal within one to three weeks, depending on the surface area of the tegument eaten by Nile Tilapia. Healed wounds appear darker in color.

Characteristics of adolescents often lead to negative sexual behavior that makes adolescents vulnerable to health problems, especially sexually transmitted diseases or other reproductive health problems. Based on this, efforts are needed to improve adolescent skills in healthy behavior, especially reproductive health, one of which can be given through learning using special modules. This study aims to determine the effect of reproductive health learning modules on the knowledge, attitudes and behavior of adolescent reproductive health. Method: this study used the quasi experiment method pre-post test design. The research sample was 59 students (28 control groups and 31 treatment groups). Data analysis using Wilcoxon, Chi-Square test and Mann Whitney test with α = 0.05. Results: The analysis showed there were differences in knowledge before and after learning in modules 6 and 7 (p-value 0,000), the different in attitudes before and after learning in module 7 (p-value 0.030) and differences also found in practice before and after learning in module 2 and 7 (p-value 0.001 and 0.045). Conclusion: Most of the participants in the study were not knowledgeable about reproductive health, unfavourable attitude about reproductive health and also had poor practices about reproductive health, it should be considered in the future research and intervention programs attempting to improve reproductive health outcomeslike improving learning method and media like using multimedia.