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Muhammed Majeed,1,2 Kalyanam Nagabhushanam,3 Beena Bhat,4 Mohammad Ansari,4 Anjali Pandey,5 Sarang Bani,5 Lakshmi Mundkur5 1Research and Development, Sami-Sabinsa Group Limited, Bangalore, India; 2Research and Development, Sabinsa Corporation, East Windsor, NJ, USA; 3Research and Development, Natural Product Chemistry Sabinsa Corporation, East Windsor, NJ, USA; 4Research and Development, Phytochemistry, Sami-Sabinsa Group Limited, Bangalore, India; 5Research and Development, Biological Research, Sami-Sabinsa Group Limited, Bangalore, IndiaCorrespondence: Lakshmi MundkurSami-Sabinsa Group Limited, 19/1, 19/2, 1st Main, 2nd Phase, Peenya Industrial Area Bangalore, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560058, India, Tel +80 2839 7973, Email lakshmi@sami-sabinsagroup.comPurpose: Obesity is a complex medical problem that increases the risk of other diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and fatty liver disease. The present study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Cyperus rotundus rhizome extract (CRE), standardized to contain Piceatannol, Scirpusin A, and Scirpusin B (5% total Stilbenoids) in overweight individuals. The mechanism of activity was evaluated in a diet-induced mice model of obesity and adipocytes in vitro.Materials and Methods: The efficacy, safety, and tolerability of CRE were evaluated in 30 obese individuals with a BMI of 30 to 40 kg/m2 for 90 days in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study. In vitro studies were carried out in differentiated 3T3 L1 adipocytes, and the therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.Results: The pilot clinical study showed a reduction in body weight with a significant decrease in waist circumference and BMI. The serum lipid profile showed a significant improvement in CRE-treated individuals. The extract was well tolerated, and no adverse effects were reported at the end of the study. CRE showed a dose-dependent adipogenesis reduction in vitro with an IC50 value of 9.39 μg/mL, while oral administration of CRE reduced weight gain in diet-induced obese mice. The efficacy in mice was associated with reduced levels of leptin, corticosteroids, and serum lipid levels, with no adverse effects.Conclusion: CRE has anti-adipogenic properties, is safe for human consumption, and effectively manages weight and hypercholesterolemia in overweight individuals.Keywords: Cyperus rotundus, piceatannol, Scirpusin A, Scirpusin B, obesity, adipogenesis, lipid levels, leptin, randomized clinical trial

Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae) is a species widely used in traditional medicine in various regions of the world, mainly in Asian countries such as India and Pakistan. The anticancer potential of this species has been reported in the literature, indicating that its chemical compounds may be effective against different tumor cell lines. The present work aimed to carry out a systematic review on the traditional uses, chemical composition, toxicity, and anticancer potential of C. rotundus. Scientific articles were searched in Google Scholar, PubMed®, ScienceDirect®, and SciELO. Only works published in the last twenty years (2000-2020) were eligible. A total of 85 articles were included in the review. According to the scientific documents analyzed, C. rotundus is widely used for stomach disorders (11%), diarrhea and/or dysentery (11%), fever (10%), menstrual problems (9%), diuresis (9%), and worms (8%). Regarding the in vivo and in vitro anticancer potential, the extracts, fractions, and essential oils from C. rotundus were effective against colorectal, breast, prostate, ovarian, endometrial, liver and cervical cancer, leukemia, and neuroblastoma cell lines. A total of 49 chemical compounds belonging to the classes of sesquiterpenes, iridoid glycosides, and phenolics were identified in this review. Extracts obtained from C. rotundus did not show toxicity in preclinical tests. The pharmacological investigation of the chemical compounds isolated from this plant is important to elucidate the mechanisms of action against cancer cell lines.

Digestive system cancers are common primary cancer in humans. Plants are an excellent source of compounds used in the treatment of different types of cancer. Virotherapy is a promising tool for fighting cancer because of its safety and selectivity. Thus, the present study proposed a new combination therapy consisting of secondary metabolite compounds (alkaloids) extracted from Cyperus rotundus L. and oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The new combination was tested against three cancer cell lines (i.e., human rectal and esophagus cancer and mouse hepatocellular carcinoma) and a non-transformed rat embryo fibroblast cell line (REF). The MTT viability assay was used to analyze the possible synergism using the Chou–Talalay analysis method. The in vitro study showed that the combination therapy of NDV-alkaloid extract had synergistic enhanced anticancer activity on all the cancer cell lines tested. Moreover, combination therapy showed antagonism and low cytotoxic effect on the REF cell line. NDV-alkaloid treatment was found to upregulate p53 in comparison with each monotherapy alone, and thereby it is a possible explanation for the synergism. In conclusion, this study proposed a novel cancer therapy via the combination of C. rotundus L. (alkaloids) extract and oncolytic NDV, which may be a promising therapy for gastrointestinal tumors.

The oil of the grass Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge) is an effective and safe treatment option for a variety of conditions. It has anti-inflammatory and antipigmenting properties. There have been no clinical trials comparing topical C. rotundus oil with skin-lightening treatments for axillary hyperpigmentation.To assess the efficacy of C. rotundus essential oil (CREO) in treating axillary hyperpigmentation, and compare with another active treatment hydroquinone (HQ) and a placebo (cold cream) in this study.The study included 153 participants, who were assigned to one of three study groups: CREO, HQ group or placebo group. A tri-stimulus colorimeter was used to assess pigmentation and erythema. Two independent experts completed the Physician Global Assessment, and the patients completed a self-assessment questionnaire.CREO had significantly (P0.001) better depigmenting effects than HQ. CREO and HQ did not differ significantly in terms of depigmentation effects (P0.05); however, there were statistically significant differences in anti-inflammatory effects and decrease in hair growth (P0.05) in favour of CREO.CREO is a cost-effective and safe treatment for axillary hyperpigmentation.

Há evidências de que o extrato aquoso de tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.) possa induzir o enraizamento de plantas, por apresentar elevadas concentrações de auxinas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de épocas de aplicação e concentrações de extrato aquoso de tiririca no desenvolvimento e produção da cenoura, cultivar Brasília. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, sendo duas épocas de aplicação do extrato (25 e 50 dias após semeadura) e cinco concentrações de extrato de tiririca (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% e 40% v/v), com 4 repetições. A colheita foi realizada aos 90 dias após a semeadura, sendo avaliados os seguintes parâmetros morfológicos: diâmetro de raízes (cm); altura de plantas (cm); massa fresca de raízes e da parte aérea (g planta-1); massa seca de raízes e da parte aérea (g planta-1); massa seca total (g planta-1); razão das massas seca de raízes e parte aérea; comprimento de raízes (cm); produtividade comercial (t ha-1); massa de raízes com defeito (t ha-1); produtividade total (t ha-1); rendimento comercial (raízes kg-1); e classificação das raízes por comprimento. A aplicação do extrato aos 50 dias mostrou-se mais eficiente ao diâmetro de raiz (3,37 cm), massa fresca de raízes (120,7 g planta-1), comprimento de raízes (15,4 cm), produtividade comercial (68,2 t ha-1), produtividade total (73,6 t ha-1) e raízes comerciais (8,8 raízes kg-1). A classificação das raízes apresentou maior porcentagem na classe de 14 cm. Os parâmetros massa seca de raiz (12,0 e 12,8 g planta-1), razão de massa seca de raízes e parte aérea (1,66 e 1,57) e massa de raízes com defeito (1,3 e 1,5 t ha-1), aos 25 e 50 dias, respectivamente, foram semelhantes em ambas as épocas.

To manage the Cyperus rotundus (Purple nut sedge.) is a troublesome, economically damaging weed, widely naturalized in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. A field experiment was done at Students Instructional Farm of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur (U.P).The study was conducted to investigate the competitive effects of C. rotundus in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under varying irrigation regimes and herbicides in field conditions at Kanpur during Rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19 in a split plot design. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with four irrigation schedule viz. irrigation at CRI and active tillering stage (I1), irrigation at CRI + jointing + booting (I2), CRI + active tillering + booting + flowering stage (I3) and irrigation at CRI + jointing + booting + flowering + milking stage (I4) were assigned to main plots and weed management practices viz. W1-weedy check, W2-two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS, W3-sulfosulfuron @25 g/ha , W4- pendimethalin (pre emergence) fbWCPL-15(clodinafop- propargyl 15 %) @400 g/ha , W5- carfentrazone ethyl 20% + sulfosulfuron 25%WG @ 100 g/ha , W6- halauxafen + penxasulam 23.5% @ 75 g/ha , W7- halauxafen - methyl 1.21% w/w + fluroxypyr @ and W8- clodinafop- propargyl 15% + metsulfuron 1% @ 400 g/ha were allocated to sub plots. Application of two irrigations at CRI and active tillering stage (I1) significantly reduced the density of C. rotundus and their fresh and dry weight with highest weed control efficiency (WCE) over irrigation at CRI+ jointing+ booting+ flowering+ milking stage (I4), irrigation at CRI + active tillering + booting + flowering stage (I3) and irrigation at CRI + jointing + booting (I2). However, maximum yield was recorded with the application of five irrigation at CRI+ jointing+ booting+ flowering+ milking stage (I4). Among herbicidal treatments, lowest density, fresh and dry weight of C. rotundus with the highest WCE resulted in higher yield of wheat was recorded with the application of carfentrazone ethyl 20% + sulfosulfuron 25%WG as post emergence (35 DAS) at 100 g/ha as compared to other treatments. However, none of the herbicidal treatments as effective as hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS.

Glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP), secreted by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), contributes to heavy metal sequestration in polluted soils and sediments. The objective of this study was to investigate metal sequestration by GRSP associated with the plants Miscanthus sinensis, Cyperus rotundus, and Pteris vittata. A total of 45 rhizosphere soil and plant root samples were collected from three plants at two Pb/Zn mining polluted and non-polluted sites in China. Soil samples were analyzed for total and bioavailable heavy metal (Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, As, Sb, and Ni) concentration, chemical properties (SOC, TN, TP, TS, Olsen-P, and available K), and GRSP concentration. The contribution of GRSP-bound metals and its sequestration potential were calculated to assess the metal sequestration ability of GRSP. Mycorrhizal root colonization of P. vittata was significantly higher than that of M. sinensis and C. rotundus at three sites. P. vittata also exhibited significantly more GRSP accumulation than the other two plants in soil. The significant negative correlation between GRSP and the combined indicators of eight bioavailable (r = − 0.60, p P. vittata > M. sinensis. AMF-P. vittata symbiosis presented higher contribution to sequestering most metals by GRSP in the contaminated sites when compared with the plants M. sinensis and C. rotundus. This study sheds light on the ecological function of GRSP sequestration of metals associated with mycorrhizal plants, and its contribution to reducing metal bioavailability in polluted sites.

Background Understanding the ecology and behaviour of disease vectors, including the olfactory cues used to orient and select hosts and egg-laying sites, are essential for the development of novel, insecticide-free control tools. Selected graminoid plants have been shown to release volatile chemicals attracting malaria vectors; however, whether the attraction is selective to individual plants or more general across genera and families is still unclear. Methods To contribute to the current evidence, we implemented bioassays in two-port airflow olfactometers and in large field cages with four live graminoid plant species commonly found associated with malaria vector breeding sites in western Kenya: Cyperus rotundus and C. exaltatus of the Cyperaceae family, and Panicum repens and Cynodon dactylon of the Poaceae family. Additionally, we tested one Poaceae species, Cenchrus setaceus, not usually associated with water. The volatile compounds released in the headspace of the plants were identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results All five plants attracted gravid vectors, with the odds of a mosquito orienting towards the choice-chamber with the plant in an olfactometer being 2–5 times higher than when no plant was present. This attraction was maintained when tested with free-flying mosquitoes over a longer distance in large field cages, though at lower strength, with the odds of attracting a female 1.5–2.5 times higher when live plants were present than when only water was present in the trap. Cyperus rotundus, previously implicated in connection with an oviposition attractant, consistently elicited the strongest response from gravid vectors. Volatiles regularly detected were limonene, β-pinene, β-elemene and β-caryophyllene, among other common plant compounds previously described in association with odour-orientation of gravid and unfed malaria vectors. Conclusions The present study confirms that gravid Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto use chemical cues released from graminoid plants to orientate. These cues are released from a variety of graminoid plant species in both the Cyperaceae and Poaceae family. Given the general nature of these cues, it appears unlikely that they are exclusively used for the location of suitable oviposition sites. The utilization of these chemical cues for attract-and-kill trapping strategies must be explored under natural conditions to investigate their efficiency when in competition with complex interacting natural cues. Graphical abstract

Стероидные противовоспалительные средства обладают выраженным противовоспалительным действием. Однако использование препаратов этой группы не исключает возникновения побочных реакций. Учитывая, что стероидные противовоспалительные препараты являются «большими иммунодепрессантами», то на фоне угнетения функции иммунных клеток может быть нарушение эпителизации кожных ран. Данная работа посвящена исследовательскому экспериментальному анализу регенераторной активности Cyperus rotundus (сыть круглая) при моделировании инфицированной раны у животных со стероидной гипергликемией. В результате был зафиксирован двойной эффект исследуемого экстракта Cyperus rotundus: снижение уровня глюкозы, увеличение активности гранулярных нейтрофилов, что способствовало активизации регенерации инфицированной раны экспериментальных животных.Учитывая, что единых рекомендаций по оптимальному лечению инфицированных ран на фоне стероидной гипергликемии не существует, то возможно использование препаратов растительного происхождения в качестве альтернативной монотерапии и совместно с современными лекарственными средствами химического производства., Steroid anti-inflammatory drugs have a significant anti-inflammatory effect. However, the use of drugs in this group does not exclude the occurrence of adverse reactions. Considering that steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are "big immunosuppressants", against the background of inhibition of immune cell function there may be a disturbance of epithelialization of skin wounds. This work is dedicated to an exploratory experimental analysis of the regenerative activity of Cyperus rotundus (nut grass) when simulating an infected wound in animals with steroidal hyperglycemia. As a result, the double effect of the studied extract of Cyperus rotundus was registered: decrease of glucose level, increase of granular neutrophils activity, which contributed to activation of regeneration of the infected wound of experimental animals.Given that there are no universal recommendations for the optimal treatment of infected wounds against the background of steroid hyperglycemia, it is possible to use herbal drugs as an alternative monotherapy together with modern chemically produced drugs., Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 12 (126) 2022

Cyperaceae are a plant family of grass-like monocots, comprising 5600 species with a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate and tropical regions. Phytochemically, Cyperus is one of the most promising health supplementing genera of the Cyperaceae family, housing ≈950 species, with Cyperus rotundus L. being the most reported species in pharmacological studies. The traditional uses of Cyperus spp. have been reported against various diseases, viz., gastrointestinal and respiratory affections, blood disorders, menstrual irregularities, and inflammatory diseases. Cyperus spp. are known to contain a plethora of bioactive compounds such as α-cyperone, α-corymbolol, α-pinene, caryophyllene oxide, cyperotundone, germacrene D, mustakone, and zierone, which impart pharmacological properties to its extract. Therefore, Cyperus sp. extracts were preclinically studied and reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, neuroprotective, antidepressive, antiarthritic, antiobesity, vasodilator, spasmolytic, bronchodilator, and estrogenic biofunctionalities. Nonetheless, conclusive evidence is still sparse regarding its clinical applications on human diseases. Further studies focused on toxicity data and risk assessment are needed to elucidate its safe and effective application. Moreover, detailed structure-activity studies also need time to explore the candidature of Cyperus-derived phytochemicals as upcoming drugs in pharmaceuticals.

Effects of Crotalaria juncea green manure on weed dynamics in transplanted rice-based systems were investigated in a field study conducted over two cropping seasons, 2016 and 2017, at Ludhiana, India. The major weed species in the field, during the green manuring phase, included Cyperus rotundus, Digitaria ciliaris and Eleusine indica. The use of cover/green manure crops and their residues to suppress weeds has shown potential to manage weeds. In this context, green manuring/cover cropping has great potential and is feasible in a rice-wheat system in northern India as there is a 45 to 60 days’ fallow period between wheat harvest and transplanting of rice. C. juncea with 50 and 100 kg seed ha-1 recorded significantly lower density and biomass of aerobics weeds and weed density as compared to without green manure in both years; GM with 100 kg seed ha-1 had a more suppressing effect on weeds than green manuring with 50 kg seed ha-1. The residual effects of weed control treatments, applied during 2016 to succeeding transplanted rice crops, did not have any specific trend on weed density in 2017. The major weeds in green manuring crop were C. rotundus, D. ciliaris and E. indica. But in transplanted rice, Echinochloa colona, E. crus-galli and Leptochloa chinensis were major weeds

In this study, the rhizome of Cyperus rotundus L was investigated for its antioxidant and antidiabetic effects using in vitro and in silico experimental models. Its crude extracts (ethyl acetate, e...

Cyperus rotundus, a member of family Cyperaceae is a perennial, stoloniferous herb. The study investigated the secondary metabolites present in the leaf of Cyperus rotundus and antimicrobial activities of the hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and terpenoids. The qualitative test of the extracts show the presence of steroid only in the hexane extract; flavonoid, cardiac glycoside in both the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts; saponin and tannin and phenolics in just the methanol extract. While alkaloid was present in all the extracts, terpenoid was absent in all. Antimicrobial activity of plant extracts were monitored using the agar disk-diffusion method against strains gram-positive bacterial: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Salmonela typhi, and strains of fungi: Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was monitored at different concentrations of 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 mg/mL prepared from the stock concentration (100mg/mL) by serial dilution; with standard drugs: ciprofloxacin and fluconazole. The inhibition of the test organisms were concentration dependent. The methanol extract showed significantly higher Inhibition Zone (IZ) and Activity Index (AI) against the microbes at all concentrations compared to the ethyl acetate and hexane extracts due to the much phytochemicals (saponins, tanins, phenols, flavonoids, cardiac glycocides and alkaloids) found present in its extract. The overall study results signify the potential of Cyperus rotundus as a source of therapeutic agents. The methanol extract showed the best activity against both bacterial and fungal pathogens at the highest concentration of 100 mg/mL, especially the most susceptible bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (IZ of 25.0±1.5; AI of 0.96) and Candida albicans (IZ of 25.5±0.5; AI of 0.91). At MIC, MBC and MFC of 6.25 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL, the plant extracts showed effective bactericidal and fungicidal effect against the test microbes.

Plants have long been used as herbal medicines in many countries. However, microbial contamination of these medicines may affect human health. In the present study fifteen medicinal plants namely, Acacia nilotica ssp. nilotica, Trigonella foenum-greacum, Nigella sativa, Hyphaene thebaica, Nauclea latifola, Cyperus rotundus, Cymbopogon schoenanthus spp, proximus, Artemisia herba-alb, Cassia acutifolia, Solenostemma argel, Tamarindus indica, Ziziphus spina-christi, Lepidium sativum, Foeniculum vulgare and Coriandrum sativum were evaluated for their fungal contamination. The pour plate method was used to cultivate serially diluted portions of the medicinal plant material investigated. The colonies of fungi were identified morphologically according to form and pigment. They were observed microscopically through Lactophenol cotton bluestaining. The identified fungal isolates were consist of three fungal species, the most dominant fungi were Aspergillus nigar and Aspergillus flavus. Penicillium ssp is least one. The total fungal counts ranged from 00x101 cfu/g (Cymbopogon schoenanthus spp.proximus, Trigonella foenum-greacum, Artemisia herba alb, Lepidium satinum , Nigella sativa Cassia acutifolia and Naucle latifola) to 11x105cfu/g (Cyperus rotundus).. The highest total fungal load was found in Cyperus rotundus The levels of contamination varied greatly between the commercially available plant samples investigated.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar diferentes concentrações de extrato de tiririca no crescimento de raízes da A. cepa.Para o experimento foram utilizados recipientes plásticos com capacidade para 90 mL, onde foram adicionados 65 mL de água (testemunha) ou de extrato aquoso de tiririca (25%, 50% e 100%). As cebolas foram mantidas nos recipientes de forma que apenas metade da sua área inferior permanecesse submersa. Após a avaliação, foi observado que o comprimento médio das raízes dos tratamentos não teve variação significativa em relação às raízes da testemunha. Já em relação ao número médio das raízes, foi constatada variação significativa dos tratamentos quando comparados às raízes da testemunha.

Eight methanolic extracts were tested for their cytotoxic activity against HepG2, PC3, and MCF-7 cell lines using MTT assay. The rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus extract showed the highest activity, divided into five fractions (petroleum ether, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, butanol, and aqueous) and re-evaluated for cytotoxicity. The petroleum ether fraction was the most active against the tested cell lines followed by the methylene chloride. The chromatographic investigation of petroleum ether and methylene chloride fractions resulted in identified of nine compounds; one new compound (1), along with eight known compounds; behenic acid (2), β-sitosterol (3), mandassidione (4), behenic acid monoglyceride (5), sitosteryl (6`-hentriacontanoyl)-β-D-galactopyranoside (6), β-sitosterol 3-O-β- D -glucoside (7), luteolin (8) and pinellic acid (9). Compound 1 was elucidated as a ceramide, 2`-[2-hydroxypentacosanoylamino]-1`, 3`, 4`-nonadecanetriol. The structure of 1 was confirmed by extensive analysis of both NMR (1D and 2D) data and HR-FAB-MS. The isolated compounds showed a very promising anticancer activity. Compounds 2–4 showed potent cytotoxic activity against the three tested cancer cell lines. Compounds 9 and 1 displayed inhibitory activity against HepG2 with IC50 values 6.81 to 8.075 µM, and PC3 with IC50 of 11.92 to 14.48 µM. While compounds 5 and 8 showed remarkable cytotoxic activity against the HepG2 with IC50 values of 7.641 to 10.02 µM. By analyzing the results of the MTT assay together with the obtained docking results we designed a proposed structure-activity relationship (SAR) to be a guide for further identification of new anticancer agents in the future.

Cyperus rotundus L. Rhizomatous perennial herb, in grassy savannah. C.N.: ndánda (kb). Uses: medicinal. Conservation: LC (IUCN 2017), Published as part of Monteiro, Francisca, Costa, Esperança Da, Kissanga, Raquel, Costa, José Carlos & Catarino, Luís, 2022, An annotated checklist of the vascular flora of Quiçama National Park, Angola, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 557 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.557.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6985699, {"references":["IUCN. (2017) IUCN Red List of Threatened species. Vers. 3, May 2017. Available from: www. iucnredlist. org (accessed 10 December 2021)."]}

Hirsutism is a condition of unwanted, male-pattern terminal hair growth in women. Electro epilation, laser treatment, intense pulsed light therapy, eflornithine cream, and oral antiandrogen medications are the various allopathic therapeutics have been employed for treatment of Hirsutism. However, a significant number of patients experience discomfort with reported procedures. Cyperus Rotundus Linn. have reported for its anti-androgenic activity effective against Hirsutism disorder. The main objective of present investigation is to screen the selected phytoconstituents of stated plant against 5 α Reductase Enzyme. In this study Cyperene, humulen, β- selinene, campholenic aldehyde, and α-pinene were docked with 5 α Reductase Enzyme using PyRx 0.8.Autodock and binding energies were obtained. The present investigation concludes that the molecular docking analysis of selected phytoconstituents with 5 α reductase enzyme shows good interaction. The binding affinity of Humulen is higher than others whereas campholenic aldehyde showed lowest affinity amongst all other constituents. Further studies need to be performed at laboratory level to support results of computational screening of present investigation.

Cette étude vise à identifier les adventices qui constituent la flore des plantations industrielles de canne à sucre des Unités Agricoles Intégrées de Côte d’Ivoire. Elle a permis d’établir la liste des adventices majeures et de montrer leur degré d’infestation dans les exploitations de canne à sucre. Pour mener à bien ce travail, la méthodologie a constitué à faire des placettes de 1500 m2 (30 m x 20 m). Dans ces placettes, chaque espèce rencontrée est évaluée par sa présence et son indice d’abondance-dominance. Les familles majoritaires sont celles des Poaceae, des Asteraceae, des Fabaceae, des Euphorbiaceae et des Cyperaceae. La plupart des espèces sont des Dicotylédones avec 69 %, dominé par les Thérophytes avec une proportion estimée à 29 %. Les espèces d’adventices les plus nuisibles à la culture de la canne à sucre sont : Lactuca taraxacifolia ; Passiflora foetida ; Ipomoea triloba ; Calopogonium mucunoides ; Cyperus rotundus L. ; Cucumis melo L. var. agrestis ; Desmodium scorpiurus ; Merremia peltata ; Mucuna pruriens ; Mondia whitei ; Tridax procumbens ; Rottboellia cochinchinensis ; Trianthema portulacastrum ; Desmodium tortuosum. La connaissance des adventices majeures dans la culture de canne à sucre est la première étape pour la mise en oeuvre d’un itinéraire technique efficace de gestion des bioagresseurs.Mots clés : Adventices, Canne à sucre, Unités Agricoles Intégrées. English Title: Major weeds of industrial sugar cane plots of integrated agricultural units in Côte d'Ivoire This study aimed at identifying the weeds that make up the flora of industrial sugar cane plantations of the Integrated Agricultural Units of Côte d'Ivoire. It has made to establish the list of major weeds and to show their level of infestation in sugar cane farms. To carry out this work, the methodology used was to make plots of 1500 m² (30 m x 20 m). In these plots, each species encountered was evaluated by its presence and its abundance-dominance index. The majority families are those of Poaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Cyperaceae. Most species are Dicotyledonous with 69% dominated by Therophytes (29%). The most harmful adventitious species for the cultivation of sugar cane are: Lactuca taraxacifolia; Passiflora foetida; Ipomoea triloba; Calopogonium mucunoides; Cyperus rotundus L.; Cucumis melo L. var. agrestis ; Desmodium scorpiurus ; Merremia peltata ; Mucuna pruriens ; Mondia whitei ; Tridax procumbens ; Rottboellia cochinchinensis ; Trianthema portulacastrum ; Desmodium tortuosum. The determination of major weeds in sugarcane cultivation is the preliminary stage of effective fight against biological constraints.Keywords : Weeds, sugarcane, Integrated Agricultural

Soil contamination due to mining activities is a great concern in China. Although the effects of mining pollution resulting in changes of soil characteristics and the microbiome have been documented, studies on the responses of plant root-associated microbial assemblages remain scarce. In this work, we collected bulk soil, rhizosphere soil, and root endosphere samples of Cyperus rotundus L (Cyp) plants from two Pb/Zn mines, of which, one was abandoned (SL) and the other was active (GD), to investigate the bacterial community responses across different site contamination levels and Cyp plant compartments. For comparison, one unpolluted site (SD) was included. Results revealed that soils from the SL and GD sites were seriously contaminated by metal(loid)s, including Pb, Zn, As, and Sb. Bacterial richness and diversity depended on the sampling site and plant compartment. All sample types from the SL site had the lowest bacterial diversities and their bacterial communities also exhibited distinct patterns compared to GD and SD samples. As for the specific sampling site, bacterial communities from the root endosphere exhibited different patterns from those in bulk and rhizosphere soil. Compared to the GD and SD sites, the root endosphere and the rhizosphere soil from the SL site shared core microbes, including Halomonas, Pelagibacterium, and Chelativorans, suggesting that they play key roles in Cyp plant survival in such harsh environments.

African bollwormis a worldwide-spread species that shows a high degree of polyphagia and it is considered as one of the main agricultural pests in the world. Laboratory experiments were conducted in the Research Laboratory, College of Agricultural Studies, Sudan University of Science and Technology to evaluate the lethal effect of C. rotundusand D. stramonium on the H. armigeraand to investigate the synergistic effect of sesame oil and tested extracts by dipping methods. Five concentrations (4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 12%) were used for each plant extract in a Completely Randomized Design. Tubers ethanolic extract of C. rotundus at 12% concentration caused 90% mortality after 72 hrs of application, whereas 12% concentration of seeds ethanolic extract of D. stramonium generate only 70% mortality after 72 hrs of exposure. When sesame oil was added to each concentration of ethanolic extract of C. rotundus and D. stramonium it exhibited a synergistic effect. In fact, the 10% concentration scored 53.3% and 76.7% mortality, however, when mixed with sesame oil the mortality increased significantly to 83.3% and 100% for D. stramonium and C. rotundus respectively after 72 hrs of exposure. This study clearly demonstrates that both tested plants have a lethal effect on the larvae of the African bollworm. However, tubers ethanolic extract of C. rotundus seems to be significantly more toxic than the seeds ethanolic extract of D. stramonium. This study also revealed that sesame oil has a synergistic effect when added to these plant extracts.

A field experiment was conducted on such a land which was previously used for fruit plant nursery rising at Agriculture, Research Institute Mingora Swat, Pakistan. The field was comprised on plentiful weeds due to no-tillage or other essential practices for weeds control from 5 to 7 years. The location was then assorted for Maize and soybean crop. The field was ploughed thrice during bunchy weeds presence. All weeds were removed mechanically and prepared seed bed for maize and soybean. After a shower in moon soon season weeds were emerged rapidly and covered the entire field. Therefore present study was designed to evaluate herbicidal efficacy in combination or alone in comparison with hand weeding and weedy check in maize crop during summer 2016. The chemical were sprayed before and after emergence. Various pre and post-emergence herbicide “Click 72.4 SE” pre-emergence (acetyclour + atrazine), “Sun 75% WDG” post emergence (Nicosulfuron), “Sun 75% WDG + Atrazin 38% SC” post emergence (Nicosulfuron) + (atrazine) and “Click 72.4 SE + Sun 75% WDG” pre and post emergence (acetyclour + atrazine) + (Nicosulfuron) were tested. The experiment was included on seven treatments regarding weeds control: W1 = Weedy check, W2 = acetyclour + atrazine, W3 = atrazine, W4 = Nicosulfuron, W5 = Nicosulfuron + atrazine, W6 = acetyclour + atrazine, + Nicosulfuron and W7 = manual hoeing. Main weeds were Cyperus rotundus, Tribulus terrestris, Dactyloctenium aegyptium and Cyndon dactylon. The results showed that the most effective treatment in controlling weed, reducing the dry matter of weed and reducing weeds biomass was manual hoeing followed by “Click 72.4 SE + Sun 75% WDG” pre and post-emergence (acetyclour + atrazine) + (Nicosulfuron) which effectively controlled weeds as compared to weedy check plot. The study concludes that manual hoeing and “Click 72.4 SE + Sun 75% WDG” pre and post-emergence (acetyclour + atrazine) + (Nicosulfuron) can be more effective as compare to all other treatments without effecting maize grain yield.

This study was carried out to evaluate Cu uptake, mobility, and accumulation in Cyperus rotundus and define the physiological strategy it employs under copper stress conditions. The experiment was ...

Sarcomphalus joazeiro (Mart.) Hauenshild e uma importante especie florestal na regiao semiarida utilizada como planta ornamental em virtude de sua beleza, conforto termico de sua sombra e a peculiaridade de manter suas folhas verdes mesmo em periodos de seca. O uso de sementes de S. joazeiro para a producao de mudas tem como limitacoes a dificuldade de obtencao dos propagulos de dispersao em periodos de longa estiagem e o armazenamento. Neste contexto, a propagacao clonal pela tecnica de miniestaquia surge como uma alternativa de elevado potencial. Esta pesquisa e alusiva a analise da eficiencia de diferentes concentracoes de extrato de tuberculos de Cyperus rotundus L. no enraizamento e no crescimento inicial da muda clonada pelo processo de miniestaquia. Nao foi constatada diferencas significativas entre os tratamentos para a porcentagem de enraizamento de miniestacas (P > 0,05), obtendo-se uma media de 98,0%. Isto mostra que para o enraizamento de propagulos originados de matriz juvenil da especie nao ha necessidade do uso de extrato de C. rotundus . A porcentagem de enraizamento das miniestacas apicais atingiu uma media ligeiramente superior (100,0%) em relacao ao enraizamento das basais (97,0%), porem, sem diferenca significativa (P > 0,05).

The analysis of phytosociology in sustainable agricultural systems is necessary because, in many cases, it is an indicator of soil problems and conditions, allowing the conduction and adequate management of the agro-ecosystem. Thus, the objective of the present study was to analyze the phytosociology of plants associated with soil conditions in an agroecological system in the region of the Paraiba swamp. The experimental analyzes were carried out in a total area of 342 m2. Soil sampling was carried out for the purpose of assessing chemical attributes. For the characterization of the species, the square inventory method with the dimensions 0.5 m × 0.5 m was used, which was launched four times at random throughout the area. The variables analyzed were: Relative density; absolute frequency; relative frequency; relative dominance; importance value index; relative importance. The results show that there was a relationship between the plants with the highest phytosociological expression and the soil conditions. The species with the greatest phytosociological representativeness were Cyperus rotundus and Amaranthus spinosus. The soil has high levels of organic matter, with low aeration and imbalance between nutrients.

Background: The carcinogenic substance 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) was commonly used to induce tumor formation in rodents. The development of tumor may trigger higher expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn supports tumor progression. In this study, we examined the efficacy of Cyperus rotundus extract (CRE) that was reported to have anti-inflammatory properties. We focused on investigating the levels of activated T lymphocytes and the pro-inflammatory cytokines expressed by macrophages. Methods: Female BALB/c were injected with DMBA subcutaneously. The DMBA exposed mice were given CRE orally in three different doses; 63.33, 158.4, and 316.8 mg/kg. After 14 days, the levels of activated T lymphocytes and pro-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed using flow cytometry. Graphical analysis was done with FlowJo v10 and followed by statistical analysis. Results: The treatment of CRE reduced the population of CD4 and CD8 T cells. The number of activated CD4 and CD8 T cells were also significantly suppressed. The population of macrophages marked by CD11b cells was significantly reduced. Finally, the CRE treatment suppressed the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6 expressed by macrophages. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that CRE could be a potential agent useful in therapeutic approaches for curing the disease caused by aberrant cells.

Purple nut sedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is a problematic weed in plasticulture tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production in Iran as it is difficult to control due to its ability to penetrate plastic mulch. Field trials were carried out at the experimental area of the state farm Safadasht, Shahriar region, Iran, over the fall of 2015 and spring of 2016 to investigate PRE- and POST herbicide programs (PRE transplanting, POST transplanting, and combination of PRE- and POST transplanting) to control purple nut sedge in plasticulture tomato production. PRE herbicide treatment metribuzin and (S)-metolachlor were not effective when applied alone, and did not reduce purple nut sedge plants compared to the weedy control. POST transplanting application of halosulfuron did not significantly affect purple nut sedge plants at 12 wk after application (WAA) in the fall 2015, but treatment favorably reduced density of purple nut sedge at 16 WAA in both seasons. PRE transplanting application of metribuzin or (S)-metolachlor plus POST halosulfuron exerted the greatest control, and purple nut sedge numbers were eventually diminished in both seasons. Experimental treatments did not negatively affect tomato height and yields. Based on our findings, multiple PRE and POST herbicide programs were effective in greater purple nut sedge suppression compared to the lone application of PRE and POST herbicides. The herbicides were selected due to routine use by tomato producers in the area. Using active ingredients from the various herbicide families with different modes of action could facilitate effective management of herbicide-resistant purple nut sedge in tomato fields.

Vicarchika is a type of Kushta Roga (skin disease). It can be correlated with eczema. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa are some of the bacteria which cause skin diseases. Siddhartaka Snana is a herbal bath that is described in Charaka Samhita as a treatment for Kushta Roga. Siddhartaka Snana is a herbal preparation which consists ten herbs namely; Cyperus rotundus, Catunaregum spinosa, Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellarica, Cassia fistula, Pongamia pinnata, Holarrhena antidysentrica, Alastonia scholaris and Coscinum fenestratum. Antibacterial effect of Siddhartaka Snana against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa that are responsible for skin diseases was studied using disc diffusion method and well diffusion methods. In disc diffusion method, no inhibition zone was observed with any of the tested bacteria. However, an inhibition zone of 9.67mm was observed against Staphylococcus aureus in well diffusion method with Siddhartaka Snana. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Siddhartaka Snana against Staphylococcus aureus was 0.9225 mg/1ml. Ingredients of Siddhartaka Snana contain tannins, phenols and flavonoids, all of which possess antibacterial properties. Antibacterial effect of Siddhartaka Snana may have been exhibited due to actions of these phytochemicals. It was concluded that Siddhartaka Snana has an antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus.

In the recent times there has been a huge surge in the demand for the utilization of kitchen waste to generate biofuel as a substituent energy source. In many instances, farmers are not aware of and are not completely making full use of their waste. Kitchen waste, waste mango fruit, Cyperus rotundus are the ideal composition for energy production and generation. Substantial accessibility and economical pricing make it ideal for biogas generation. The effect of kitchen waste, waste mango fruit, Cyperus rotundus upon generating biofuel was studied. With this ongoing project we have aimed to perform characterization and feasibility of biogas production using mango fruit peel and durva grass. In addition, analysis looked into the amount of biofuel generated and percentage generation of methane from various amalgamations pertaining to kitchen waste mainly fruit and vegetable, waste mango fruit, Cyperus rotundus mixture of C5 waste in various proportions were metabolized anaerobically and its results revealed high generation of CH4 and biofuel. Moreover, obtained rich mixture of the gases are largely intensified therefore making it highly affective compared to other amalgamations of C5 mixtures.

The present study reports the chemical constituents, antioxidant, anticonvulsant and α-amylase activities of the aerial part of Cyperus rotundus collected in Cameroon. Phytochemical study leads to the isolation of six known compounds alongwith lupeol (1), stigmasterol (2), tetracosanoic acid (3), a mixture of β-sitosterol (4a) and stigmasterol (4b), ursolic acid (5) and saikogenin F (6). Compounds 3, 5 and 6 were isolated for the first time from this species. The structures of these compounds were determined using spectroscopic analysis including 1D and 2D NMR, mass spectrometry and comparison with the literature data. Biological activities carried out on the extracts showed that the methanol extract exhibited good antiradical scavenging activity against DPPH radical (IC50 = 2.873 μg/mL) and very good ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (IC50 = 7.535 μg/mL). It appeared that the mixture of hexane and ethyl acetate extract at the dose 100 mg/kg protected 66% of mice against convulsion induced by the pentylenetetrazol and 50% of protection when using picrotoxin at the same dose. All the extracts and compounds from this plant showed no inhibition against α-amylase related to antidiabetic activity.

A field experiment was conducted at Research Farm, Department of Forestry, JNKVV, Jabalpur during Rabi season 2019-20 to find out the effect of weed management on weeds and productivity of Chickpea under Jatropha based Agroforestry. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and 12 herbicidal treatments consisted of Pendimethalin (1000 g ha-1), Imazathaper (900 g ha-1), Atrazine (1000 g ha-1), Metribuzin (300 g ha-1), Oxyflorfen (100 g ha-1), Pendimethalin (500 g ha-1) fb Imazathaper (450 g ha-1), Pendimethalin (500 g ha-1) fb Oxyflorfen (50 g ha-1), Metribuzin (150 g ha-1) fb Oxyflorfen (50 g ha-1), Atrazine (500 g ha-1) fb Metribuzin (150 g ha-1), Imazathaper (450 g ha-1) fb Atrazine (500 g ha-1), hand weeding (30 DAS) and Weedy check (control). The field was infested with 4 major weed species Medicago denticulata Willd., Vicia sativa L., Cynodon dactylon L., and Cyperus rotundus L. Minimum weed density per m2 (7.53) and weed dry weight (5.42 q ha-1), was found under hand weeding 30DAS over weedy check. Minimum dry weight of weeds was found under hand weeding (30 DAS) 5.42q ha-1 as compare to weedy check (control) 16.84q ha-1). The highest weed control efficiency was found in hand weeding (30DAS) 89.75%, Pendimethalin (1000 g ha-1) 78.50 %, Atrazine (1000 g ha-1) 67.67 %, Oxyflorfen (100 g ha-1) 66.83 %, and Metribuzin (150 g ha-1) fb Oxyflorfen (50 g ha-1) 65.41%. The loss of grain yield was significantly reduced where weeds were control by Pendimethalin (1000 g ha-1) 11.16 %, and Metribuzin (150 g ha-1) fb Oxyflorfen (50 g ha-1) 11.19 %. Amongst the different herbicidal treatments higher seed yield was found under Pendimethalin (1000 g ha-1) 12.54 q ha-1, higher stover yield was found under Pendimethalin (1000 g ha-1) 37.46 q ha-1, higher crop biomass was found under Pendimethalin (1000 g ha-1) 50.00 q ha-1 and higher harvest index was found under Pendimethalin (1000 g ha-1) 24.99 % as compared to other treatments. The perusal data showed that higher harvest index was found under hand weeding (30DAS) 25.06 % which was significantly superior over weedy check (control) 18.74 % and rest of the weed control treatments. Pre emergence herbicides and hand weeding can further enhance the weed suppressive effect of the crop under Jatropha based Agroforestry.

Cyperus rotundus L. (Nutgrass, family Cyperaceae) is a notorious weed which is widespread in temperate tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Owing to its richness and potent pharmacological activities, efforts have been devoted to identify its bioactive constituents. Since 1965, a total of about 192 compounds including terpenoids, flavonoids, stilbenes, aromatics and aliphatic fatty acids have been characterized. This review summarizes the bioactivities and mechanism of action of some of the compounds from C. rotundus L.

A field experiment was conducted at Research Farm, Department of Forestry, JNKVV, Jabalpur during Rabi season 2019-20 to find out the effect of weed management on nutrient utilization by Chickpea and weeds under Jatropha based Agroforestry. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and 12 herbicidal treatments consisted of Pendimethalin 1000 g ha-1, Imazathaper 900 g ha-1, Atrazin 1000 g ha-1, Metribuzin 300 g ha-1, Oxyflorfen 100 g ha-1, Pendimethalin 500 g ha-1 fb Imazathaper 450 g ha-1, Pendimethalin 500 g ha-1 fb Oxyflorfen 50 g ha-1, Metribuzin 150 g ha-1 fb Oxyflorfen 50 g ha-1, Atrazin 500 g ha-1 fb Metribuzin 150 g ha-1, Imazathaper 450 g ha-1 fb Atrazin 500 g ha-1, hand weeding (30 DAS) and Weedy check (control). The nutrient absorption by crop and weeds is significantly influence by different herbicidal treatments. The result revealed that there were different variations in nutrients absorption by weeds. The highest nutrient absorption by chickpea seed was observed in hand weeding (42.6: 9.22: 19.2) and minimum was in weedy check (14.3: 2.22: 7.25). The highest nutrient absorption by stover was observed in hand weeding (44.4: 10.6: 32.8) and minimum was in weedy check (23.7: 2.93: 18.2). The maximum nutrient absorption of hand weeding (87.07: 19.85: 50.48) and minimum was in weedy check (38.15: 5.16: 24.85) of total (seed + stover). Among different herbicidal treatments application of Pendimethalin 1000 g ha-1 was found the highest (66.37: 13.85: 42.29) and lowest was in Imazathaper 900 g ha-1 (49.12: 7.06: 29.:39) of total (seed + stover). Weedy check recorded significantly higher nutrient absorption of weeds viz., Cynodon dactylon (4.52: 2.40: 3.46 NPK kg ha-1), Cyperus rotundus (3.03: 1.41: 7.41), Medicago arabica (24.23: 3.34: 31.33), and Vicia sativa (15.77: 2.57: 24.37). Hand weeding (30DAS) recorded significantly lower nutrient absorption by weeds viz., Cynodon dactylon (0.59: 0.28: 1.78), Cyperus rotundus (0.29: 0.11: 0.77), Medicago arabica (2.14: 0.30: 2.86), and Vicia sativa (1.46: 0.21: 2.27 K) Lower absorption of nutrient in these treatments attributed to lower weeds density and dry weight. The maximum nutrient absorption of total weeds in weedy check (47.60: 9.72: 76.67) and minimum was in hand weeding (4.48: 0.91: 7.65). Among different herbicidal treatments application of application of Imazathaper 450 g ha-1 fb Atrazin 500 g ha-1 was found the highest (21.31: 4.20: 36.51) and lowest was in Metribuzin 150 g ha-1 fb Oxyflorfen 50 g ha-1 (13.44: 3.09: 24.80).

Varios trabalhos evidenciam a funcao bioherbicida do extrato foliar de eucalipto sobre a germinacao de sementes de diversas especies de plantas, entretanto sao escassas as pesquisas sobre a sua eficiencia no controle da tiririca ( Cyperus rotundus L.), planta espontânea de dificil controle. Neste contexto, a pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito alelopatico do extrato foliar de eucalipto (EFE) na germinacao de sementes de tiririca. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualisado, utilizando como tratamento 5 concentracoes de EFE, 0% (testemunha), 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, com 5 repeticoes, sendo que cada repeticao abrangia 10 sementes maduras de tiririca dispostas em placa de petri com 5 ml da solucao. Decorridos 10 (dez) dias da aplicacao do EFE, foi avaliado o percentual de germinacao utilizando-se a analise de regressao. A maxima dose aplicada de EFE reduz significativamente a emissao da radicela do embriao, promovendo efeito antagonico.

Cyperus rotundus L. — Habit: Herb. Habitat: LMWF, LMDF; up to 2 000 m. Distribution: I. Voucher: N/A. References: Bussmann (1993, 1994)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 33, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464, {"references":["Bussmann, R. W. (1993) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): A phytosociological approach with special reference to ecological problems. Ph. D. Thesis, Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen, Tubingen, 119 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. (1994) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): Vegetation, ecology, destruction and management of a tropical mountain forest ecosystem. Ph. D. dissertation, Universitat Bayreuth Startseite, Bayreuth, 252 pp."]}

espanolEl objetivo del trabajo fue caracterizar las arvenses del banco de semillas de agroecosistemas representativos de la region tropical denominada Frailesca, en el estado de Chiapas, Mexico. Los sistemas definidos estuvieron representados por los suelos de vega (margenes de los rios), potreros (pastizales), terrenos intermedios para el cultivo de maiz y en sucesion secundaria (acahual). La metodologia se fundamento en la germinacion directa, para lo cual se obtuvieron muestras compuestas de suelo a tres profundidades (0-10, 10-20 y 20-30 cm), las cuales se colocaron en charolas de 50 x 30 x 10 cm, ubicandolas en invernadero para evitar su contaminacion, proporcionandoles riegos regulares. Cada sistema estuvo representado por tres replicas, 36 unidades de muestreo totales. Las variables evaluadas fueron numero de especies e individuos emergidos, densidad y dominancia relativa, diversidad floristica y similitud de comunidades y efectos alelopaticos de las arvenses dominantes. Los resultados indican que los sistemas manejados intensivamente para actividades agricolas, especificamente terrenos de vega e intermedios para el monocultivo de maiz, presentaron bancos de semillas mas dinamicos, lo cual sucede en los primeros 10 cm de profundidad. Las especies de arvenses dominantes de los bancos evaluados fueron Cyperus rotundus L. y Melampodium divaricatum Rich. La diversidad floristica determino indices similares entre los sistemas y profundidades. La mayor similitud entre comunidades se presento en los agroecosistemas manejados con el cultivo maiz. No se determinaron efectos alelopaticos de las especies dominantes sobre la germinacion y crecimiento de los cultivos representativos de la region. EnglishThe objective of the study was to determine the dynamics of weeds of the seed bank in the representative agro-ecosystems of the tropical region of Frailesca, in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. The systems studied were: the fertile soils (river banks), paddock (grasslands), intermediate lands for the cultivation of corn and in secondary succession (acahual). The methodology of weed characterization consisted on direct seed germination of seed of weed from three soil layers: 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm. Soil samples from these soil layers were placed in trays of 50 x 30 x 10 cm. Each system and soil layer were replicated three times with a total of 36 total sampling units (trays). Trays were placed in a greenhouse and contamination with other seeds was avoided. The variables evaluated were the number of emerged weed species and the number of individuals per weed species, density and relative dominance, floristic diversity and community similarities, and allelopathic effects of the dominant weeds. The results indicate that the intensively managed systems with agricultural activities specifically in fertile and intermediate lands for corn monoculture presented more dynamic seed banks, which occurred in the first 10 cm depth of the soil. The dominant weed species were Cyperus rotundus L. and Melampodium divaricatum Rich. Floristic diversity determined similar indices between systems and depths. The greatest similarities between communities was found among the agroecosystems managed at corn cultivation. No allelopathic effects of the dominant species on the germination and growth of the representative crops in the region were determined.

The main objective of this current study was to assess the protective role of Cyperus rotundus L. (CR) extract against oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and inflammation induced by esfenvalerate in rats. The total phenol (TP) and total tannins (TT) were estimated by Folin ciocalteu and total flavonoids were evaluated by aluminum chloride methods. The methanol: acetone: H2O with ratio 2:2:1 extract of C. rotundus tubers was determined antioxidant activity by DPPH, ABTS•+scavenging activities, and ferrous chelating, reducing power activities assays. Antioxidant activities of C. rotundus tuber extract exhibited 224.25, 191.47, and 218.77 μg/ml against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•) radicals and Fe2+-chelating, respectively expressed as IC50 while reducing power showed 119.88 μg/ml expressed as EC50. C. rotundus tuber extract’ analysis showed a presence of several phenolic and flavonoid compounds identified by HPLC. Albino Wistar rats were divided into normal control, C. rotundus alone treated esfenvalerate, and treated (Esfenvalerate + CR) groups. The dose of C. rotundus extract was100 mg /kg BW, while the dose of esfenvalerate was 0.533 mg/kg BW orally. Administration of esfenvalerate decreased the levels of brain reduced glutathione (GSH), and paraoxnase-1(PON-1), and decreased acetylcholinesterase activity along with increasing the levels of brain malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), furthermore, increased serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), adiponectin, and lipocalin-2. On the other hand, treatment with C. rotundus extract significantly showed a protective effect against esfenvalerate by ameliorating levels of antioxidant enzymes, acetylcholine esterase, and inflammatory markers. The present study elicited a prophylactic effect of C. rotundus against neural damage induced by esfenvalerate in experimental rats.

The experiment was conducted at Jute Agriculture Experimental Station (JAES), Manikganj and Jute Research Regional Station, Faridpur during 2019 to find out the effect of weeding and herbicide management on fibre yield and yield attributes of Tossa jute (Var. O-9897) cultivation. Two herbicide treatments, such as; W1 = Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (Whip Super 9 EC) and W2 = Ethoxysulfuron (Sunrice ® 150WG) were tested. There were 14 treatments. T1- T6 treatments did not include hand weeding which was done 20 days after the herbicide spray [T1 = 100% recommended doses (RD) of both W1and W2 where W2 was sprayed one day after that of W1, T 2 = 50% dose both of W1and W2 where W2 was sprayed one day after that of W1, T3 = 100% dose of both W1 and W2 where both of the herbicide mixed together and sprayed on the same day, T4 = 50% dose of both W1 and W2 where mixture of both were sprayed on the same day, T5 = only 100% dose of W1, T6 = only 100% dose of W2]. The treatments T7 - T12 included one had weeding following the application of herbicides [T7 = 100% dose both of W1 and W2 where W2 was sprayed 1 day after that of W1, T8 = 50% dose both of W1 and W2 where W2 was sprayed 1 day after of W1, T9 = 100% dose both of W1 and W2 were mixed and sprayed together on the same day, T10 = 50% dose both of W1 and W2 mixed together and sprayed same day, T11 = only 100% dose of W1, T12 = only 100% dose of W2]. The treatments T13 and T14 did not include herbicide application [T13 = Two hand weeding (20-25 and 45-50 DAS) and T14 = control with no herbicide application]. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications. Results revealed that Khudesama (Echinochloa colonum) and Angulighash (Digitaria sanguinalis), Khudesama and Mutha (Cyperus rotundus) were best controlled by herbicide application. T3 gave highest fibre yield of 1.89 tha-1 when W1 and W2 sprayed at the same day with 100% RD. In case of one weeding 20 days after spray fibre yield and stick yield were differed significantly as compared to those of control at Manikganj. Treatment T7 gave highest fibre yield (3.11 t ha-1) when W2 sprayed after 1 day of W1 with 100% RD. At Faridpur, T3 gave the highest fibre yield (2.68 t ha-1) when W1 and W2 sprayed at the same day with 100% RD. Incase of one weeding 20 days after spray, T7 gave highest fiber yield (2.79 t ha-1) when W2 was sprayed 1 day after that of W1 with 100% RD. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(1): 101-106

A field study was carried out during Kharif, 2019 at Agricultural Research Station, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad to study the effect of integrated weed management on weed dynamics under semidry rice. The associated weed flora in semidry rice includes Trianthema portulacastram, Parthenium hysterophorus, Alternanthera sessilis, Digera arvensis, Corchorus capsularis as broad leaved weeds; Echinocloa colona as grass; Cyperus rotundus as sedge. Pyrazosulfuron ethyl @ 20 g a.i ha-1 PE fb chlorimuron ethyl + metsulfuron methyl @ 4 g a.i ha-1 + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl @ 60 g a.i ha-1 PoE was found effective among all the herbicidal treatments in reducing weed density and dry matter with maximum grain yield and B:C ratio.

This study aims to determine the effect of local arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on weed density, growth and yield of sweet corn in marginal soils. This study used a randomized block design with local AMF propagules which consisted of 4 levels: 0 g/planting hole or control (A 0 ), 15 g/planting hole (A 1 ), 30 g/planting hole (A 2 ) and 45 g/planting hole (A 3 ). The research parameters observed were: weed density, plant height, stem diameter, crop yield, and the percentage of AMF infection in the roots of corn plants. The results showed that the highest weed dominance value at the age of 14 DAP was Cyperus rotundus as 36.8% in treatment of AMF 45 g/planting hole (A 3) , age 56 DAP the highest weed dominance value was Hyptis capitata as 47.1% in the treatment of AMF 30 g/planting hole. The best plant height and stem diameter were found in the treatment of AMF 45 g/planting holes (A 3 ) at 56 DAP, the average plant height reached 234.05 cm and the average stem diameter reached 3.72 cm. Increased production of corn plants that were given local AMF ranged from 2.70 to 3.10 tons ha -1 or an average increase in overall corn crop production of 2.86 tons ha -1 . The average percentage of mycorrhiza fungi infections in the highest roots of corn plants in the treatment of AMF 45 g/planting hole (A 3 ) as 94%. Key words : Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi; vesicles; hypha; maize; ultisols

Teki (Cyperus rotundus L.) merupakan salah satu gulma berbahaya pada komoditi hortikultura karena mengandung alelokimia yang dapat menghambat perkecambahan tumbuhan. Alelopati tersebut berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai bioherbisida pratumbuh untuk mengendalikan gulma berdaun lebar dan rumput. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui keefektifan bioherbisida berbahan baku umbi teki pada berbagai formulasi dan dosis. Percobaan ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai Juni 2019 di rumah kaca Kebun Percobaan Cikabayan, IPB University, Bogor, untuk penanaman biji gulma. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah formulasi umbi teki (F1: tepung umbi teki, F2: tepung umbi teki + aquades, F3: tepung umbi teki + aquades + surfaktan, F4: maserat, F5: maserat + surfaktan, dan F6: pellet), dan faktor kedua adalah dosis (D1: 22.50 kg tepung ha-1, D2: 45 kg tepung ha-1, dan D3: 67.50 kg tepung ha-1) sehingga terdapat 18 unit perlakuan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa semua formulasi bioherbisida berbahan baku tepung umbi teki efektif menekan perkecambahan. Formulasi pellet merupakan formulasi yang direkomendasikan karena dalam pengaplikasiannya lebih mudah dan efisien. Dosis efektif untuk menekan perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan kecambah tanaman uji adalah 45 kg tepung ha-1. Kata kunci : A. gangetica, A. gangeticus, E. crus-galli, maserasi, pellet

Field experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Kogi State University, Anyigba in 2014 to assess the effects of some herbicides on the control of purple nutsedge in soybean. The field used for the trial was left fallow for about five years and predominantly infested with purple nutsedge. It was then ploughed, harrowed and ridged. The treatments applied consisted oflinuron [N-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)-N-methoxy-N-methyl urea] at 2.0 and 2.5 kg a.i/ha; 2,4-D [ (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid ] at 2.0 and 3.0 kg a.i/ha; glyphosate [N- (phosphonomethyl) glycine] at 2.0 and 2.5 kg a.i/ha; a tank mixture of glufosinate [2-amino-4- (hydroxymethylphosphinyl) butanoic acid] + fluazifop [ (R) -2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2- pyridinyl ] oxy] phenoxy] propanoic acid] at 2.5 and 3.0 kg a.i/ha, manual hoe weeding at 3,6 and 9 WAS and the weedy check. In this trial,the application of 2.0 and 2.5 kg a.i/ha of glyphosate was found to be most efficacious in the control of purple nutsedge. Glyphosate applied at both rates compared favourably with hoe weeding at 3,6 and 9 WAS in the control of purple nutsedge and resulted in the highest grain yield of soybean in the area. A tank mixture of glufosinate + fluazifop at 3.0 kg a;/ha equally gave a good control of purple nutsedge and the soybean grain yield produced therein was comparable to that obtained from plots treated with both rates of glyphosate or that were hoe weeded. Results obtained in this study suggest that glyphosate applied at 2.5 kg a.i/ha could provide alternative management option for the control of purple nutsedge to manual hoe-weeding and for ensuring higher grain yield of soybean.

The present work aimed to assess the ability of plant species namely, Schoenoplectus litoralis and Cyperus rotundus belonging to family Cyperaceae in bioremoval of heavy metals from polluted soil by As, Pb, Cd, Zn. Soil planted with both plant species was regularly irrigated (twice a week) by water containing different concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 ppm of the metals in a laboratory experiment. The tested metals residues were determined in the shoot and root system of plants after 45 days and expressed as mg/g dry weight of the plant. C. rotundus had a high power for absorbing and accumulating heavy metals from the contaminated soil by higher rate by roots than by shoot system (root: As 183 mg/g, Pb 82 mg/g, Cd 122 mg/g, and Zn 137 mg/g, shoot: As 145 mg/g, Pb 512 mg/g, Cd102 mg/g, and Zn 110 mg/g ). S. litoralis absorbed and accumulated heavy metals from soil in less amount (root: As 148 mg/g, Pb 46 mg/g, Cd 113 mg/g, and Zn 127 mg/g, shoot: As 132 mg/g, Pb 44 mg/g, Cd 100 mg/g, and Zn 105 mg/g). The bioaccumulation power increased with the increase of heavy metal concentrations in soil and with the time exposure in the both plant species.

The essential oil of Egyptian Cyperus rotundus rhizomes was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS. The oil is composed mainly of oxygenated sesquiterpenes. Thirty-seven compounds were...

Sixty Balb/c mice (Mus musculus) were used in the present study. It was conducted out in the animal house of the Department of Biology/College of Education for Women. The mice were infected with Entamoeba histolytica isolated from positive stool samples obtained from children in pediatric hospital in Kirkuk city governorate followed by treatment with aqueous extract of Cyperus rotundus and Thymus serpyllum. Results revealed a significant increase of P < 0.05 in immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G,, and immunoglobulin M antibody levels among infected mice when it was compared with the control and treated groups of aqueous extracts of studied plant. This indicates the efficacy of these extracts as treatment.

The purpose of this research that has been carried out is to analyze the diversity of morphology of stem modification (caulis) in the Sub-District of East Lubuklinggau I. The technique of collecting the data that has been carried out by observation. The data obtained from the study were analyzed descriptively qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of the study have found 29 species, namely 12 species that have cirrhus, namely Pisum sativum, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus, Vigna sinensis, Ipomoea batatas, Piper betle, Cucumis sativus, Momordica charantia, Cucurbita moschata, Passiflora quadrangularis, Cylea barbata, Vitis vinifera, Mikania micrantha, 7 species that have rhizomes, namely Cyperus rotundus, Etlingera hemisphaerica, Alpinia galangal, Kaempferia galangal, Zingiber officinale, Zingiber cassumunar, and Curcuma domestica, 4 species that have geragih, namely Cyperus rotundus, Marsilea crenata, Fragaria vesca and Solanum tuberosum , 4 species that have tuber namely Ipomoea batatas, Colocasia esculenta, Cyperus rotundus, and Solanum tuberosum, 3 species that spina, namely Solanum torvum, Hylocereus costaricensis, and Mammillaria xanaea, 1 species that has a bulb namely Amaryllis fariegata temporal sangat tinggi (Servina and 1 species that has tuber namely Musa paradisiaca, and diversity index (H') is 1.284 categorized as medium diversity.