Search

Several easy, efficient and convenient procedures to access indoles fused heterocyclic systems are described in this review. These heterocyclic systems were synthesized from several cyclic or acyclic molecules via a variety of reactions such as Diels-Alder reaction, Michael addition, Morita- Baylis-Hillmann reaction and many other domino/Cascade approaches with high selectivity. Most of the given protocols in this review proceed through organocatalytic pathways; however, some underwent different catalytic and non-catalytic reactions.

Background: Postponing parenthood is associated with decreased number of offspring and increased pregnancy risks. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of cognitive group counseling on childless couples' decision motivation for childbearing and preconception checkup. Methods: This experimental study was performed on 62 fertile women referred to health care centers in Qom. Signing the written consent form, the participants who were selected by the convenience sampling method entered the study. Childbearing Questionnaire (CBQ) was used to collect data. 6 cognitive group counseling sessions were conducted for the intervention group while the control group did not receive any training except one session on the disadvantages of postponed childbearing by the midwife under the supervision of the researcher. After the intervention, childbearing motivation was evaluated in both groups. The samples were also evaluated in one and two months after the intervention to see whether they have referred for pre-pregnancy checkups. The data were analyzed by SPSS20 using chi-square, and independent t-test. P-value was considered to be less than 0.05. Results: The results showed that after the intervention, the mean of Positive Childbearing Motivation (PCM) in the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group and the mean of Negative Childbearing Motivation (NCM) was significantly lower than that of the control group (p Conclusion: Counseling could be more effective to motivate women to start booking for prepregnancy checkups.

The Bradford assay is one of the most commonly used methods for protein quantification. However, in proteomic research, the lysis buffer generally used for dissolving proteins can cause some interference to the assay. The dye reagent of classical Bradford assay contains 8.50% (w/v) phosphoric acid, which is an important factor relating to the color yield of the assay. In this study, the phosphoric acid content in dye reagent was increased to 9.35% (w/v), 10.20% (w/v), and 11.05% (w/v) to evaluate the changes of interference and the effects of lysis buffer on the interaction between proteins and dye reagent. Results show that lysis buffer not only causes background interference but also affects the protein-dye chromogenic process. Analysis of different components in the lysis buffer showed that carrier ampholyte is the main factor that introduces interference to the Bradford assay. Detergents are well-known interfering compounds in the Bradford assay, but CHAPS and octyl b-D-glucopyranoside only cause slight interference. When the amount of phosphoric acid was increased from 8.50%(w/v) to 10.20% (w/v), the sensitivity of the Bradford assay to proteins in lysis buffer was increased, and the interference delivered by lysis buffer was considerably reduced.