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Glaucoma is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that causes impaired vision and, in advanced cases, blindness. The increasing prevalence of glaucoma due to an ageing population has necessitated the identification of suitable biomarkers for the early detection of the disease. Aqueous humour (AH) has been proposed as a source of biomarkers, but it can only be collected using a minor, yet invasive surgical intervention. Tears, however, are constantly available and can be collected any time via noninvasive methods. In order to examine the utility of tear as a surrogate for aqueous humour in biomarker development, we compared the levels of 27 cytokines and chemokines in paired samples of tear and aqueous humour using a Luminex multiplex immunobead‐based technique. Significantly higher levels of cytokines in tear compared to aqueous humour were detected suggesting that tear and aqueous humour are not identical in terms of inflammation response. Furthermore, the levels of IFN‐γ, GM‐CSF and IL‐5 in tear were significantly lower in patients who developed complications after one year, but no statistically significant changes in cytokine levels were observed in aqueous humour. These three molecules may have potential as predictive biomarkers for the appearance of late flap‐related complications of trabeculectomy.

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Tears are a constantly available and highly valuable body fluid collectable by non-invasive techniques. Although it can give information on ocular status and be used for follow-ups, tear analysis is challenging due to the low amount of sample that is available. Proximity extension assay (PEA) allows for a sensitive and scalable analysis of multiple proteins in a single run from a one-&micro, L sample, so we applied this technique and examined the amount of 184 proteins in tears collected at different time points after trabeculectomy. The success rate of this surgical intervention highly depends on proper wound healing, therefore, information on the process is indispensable. We observed significantly higher levels of IL-6 and MMP1 at the early time points (day one, two, and four) following trabeculectomy, and the protein amounts went back to the level observed before the surgery three months after the intervention. Patients with or without complications were tested, and proteins that have roles in the immune response and wound healing could be observed with altered frequency and amounts in the cases of patients with complications. Our results highlight the importance of inflammation in wound-healing complications, and at the same time, indicate the utility of PEA in tear analysis.

open access - http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2415/13/40

Pályázati azonosító:- OTKA K101591- Baross Gábor projekt #EA_SPIN_06-DIABDIAG- Research Fund Management and Research Exploitation KMA 0149/3.0 projekt- Bioincubator House projekt

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