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[ES] Este proyecto es mayormente un autorretrato. Un intento de guardar la memoria, el presente, en un espacio limpio, reconciliador, como es el papel en blanco. Deriva por las ideas y sentimientos relativos al paisaje diario, la familia, los amigos, las parejas, y lo aparentemente insignificante y mundano que ocurre alrededor de la gente en mi vida directa o indirectamente. En un intento de mantener estas ideas, de describir mi realidad subjetiva y de comprender mejor los conceptos en torno a ella. Esa premisa subyacente que une todos estos elementos es su naturaleza autobiográfica, teniendo cada pieza una conexión con la siguiente, pareciendo un álbum de fotos. Además, pongo énfasis en la sensibilidad del dibujo en el grabado, lo visceral, lo corpóreo, lo intuitivo y la repetición. Constituyéndose así una serie de laminas dentro de una caja que deben ser entendidas como libro., [EN] This project is mostly a self portrait. An attempt to keep memory, present, in a clean space, reconciled, as it is white paper. It derives from thoughts and sentiments about daily landscape, family, friends, lovers, and the seemingly insignificant and the mundane that involve the people in my life directly and indirectly. An approach to those ideas, in order to keep them, to describe my subjective reality and to grasp better the concepts of it. The underlying premise that sews all these together is the autobiographical nature of it, when every piece has a connection with the next one, being like a photo album. Furthermore, I placed an emphasis on the sensitive feel of a drawing, the visceral, the corporeal, the intuitive, and on repetition.That way, it would be a series of pieces on paper inside of a box, being necessary to read it as a book.

Trabajo presentado en el 12th Keele Meeting on Aluminium - Living in the Aluminium Age, celebrado en Vancouver (Canadá), del 4 al 8 de marzo de 2017, The use of aluminium-containing vaccines has been associated with adverse reactions in sheep including acute nervous signs related to meningoencephalitis and chronic weight loss with neurodegenerative changes, all these changes being part of the ovine Autoimmune/inflammatory Syndrome induced by Adjuvants (ASIA syndrome). Moreover, ASIA-affected animals show an array of typical behavioural changes although they have not been fully proved or characterized. Three groups (n=7 each) of breed and sex-matched three-month-old lambs were established and maintained in identical conditions of housing, management and diet along 12 months. Group A received a total of 16 doses of commercial aluminium-adjuvant containing vaccines; group B received the adjuvant alone with the same amount of Al3+ and group C received PBS. Cognitive and behavioural tests (T-maze, open field, novel object, recordings for behavioural observations) were performed together with welfare blood panels. Vaccinated and adjuvant-inoculated groups showed i) a significant increase in aggressive behaviours and stereotypies, ii) a significant decrease in affiliations, especially in winter time and iii) higher levels of stress biomarkers in winter. These results highlight worse welfare indicators both in over-vaccinated and aluminiumadjuvant inoculated animals and they can explain the behavioural changes seen in ASIA-affected animals.

Trabajo presentado en el 9th International Sheep Veterinary Congress, celebrado en Harrowgate (Reino Unido), del 22 al 26 de mayo de 2017, Aluminium is the most common adjuvant used in sheep vaccines in order to improve the reaction against bacterial or viral antigens. The inoculation is associated with a strong, local inflammatory reaction where the antigen recognition takes place. These reactions are considered transient and it is said that they disappear after a few weeks. To the best of our knowledge no study has followed the evolution of the vaccine inoculation site for a long period of time. Here, we present a comprehensive long-term study aiming to evaluate the evolution of the post-inoculation inflammatory reactions and to fully characterize them. Three groups (n=28 each) of sex-matched three-month-old lambs were used. Each group followed a parallel inoculation schedule that lasted 15 months: Group A was subcutaneously inoculated with commercial vaccines against known ovine diseases (following manufacturers’ recommendations), all of them containing aluminium hydroxide as adjuvant; Group B received the same amount of aluminium-adjuvant alone (considering the vaccine used in each time in Group A); Group C received PBS. Animals received a total of 19 inoculations during the above-mentioned 15 months and they were finally euthanized. Inoculation point and local lymph node were assessed in vivo and post mortem. In vivo, an evaluation by palpation was carried out each 40 days. Post mortem studies included gross and microscopic pathology, microbiology, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. At in vivo palpation, reactions consisted of hard, subcutaneous nodules that were associated with lymph node reactivity. Inoculation nodules were more palpable in the case of vaccines than those observed in the case of adjuvant alone. At post mortem, nodules were found in vaccinated (100 %) and aluminium-inoculated (85.7 %) animals. Up to 15 nodules were recovered from the subcutaneous tissue of some vaccinated animals. Histologically, inoculation reactions consisted in foreign body granulomas that showed central necrosis almost only in commercial vaccines. In both, aluminium and vaccines granulomas, the microbiological procedures were negative. By STEM, reactive macrophages contained intracytoplasmic aggregates of a spiculated material frequently surrounded by a membrane, this material being identified as aluminium by EDX. Intracytoplasmic aluminium aggregates were of larger size in the case of vaccine granulomas. It is concluded that in sheep, aluminium-induced granulomas can be persistent and last more than 15 months. This persistence implies a chronic but active immune reaction that could be related to some previously-described vaccine secondary effects included in the ovine ASIA syndrome

Trabajo presentado en el 10th International Congress on Autoimmunity, celebrado en Leipzig (Alemania), del 6 al 10 de abril de 2016, Ovine Autoimmune/inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants (ASIA syndrome) is a disease linked to the repetitive stimulation of the immune system by vaccines, especially those containing aluminium as adjuvant. The syndrome includes two clinical distinct phases: Acute, with severe neurological symptoms and chronic, with extreme cachexia leading to death. An experimental reproduction of the syndrome (286 dpi to 1 December 2015) is currently being performed in 84 three months old (at the beginning of the experiment) male sheep, that are divided into 3 groups (n=28), a: commercial vaccines containing aluminium adjuvant; b: aluminium adjuvant alone and c: PBS. Group “a” is being repetitively inoculated with commercial vaccines and group “b” receives the adjuvant alone in with the same amount/dose of Al3+. So far, a total of 13 inoculations have been applied and a total of 32.05 mg of Al3+ inoculated in groups “a” and “b”. Periodic complete clinic examination of all animals is being carried out. A cohort (n=7 lambs of each group) is being studied for behavior and social relationship by using 24 h recordings and open field and t-maze tests. Clinical studies do not show any significant difference among groups. However, a tendency in decreasing body weight is already observed in lambs from group a. In addition, lambs from group a and b show discrete behavioral changes, as compulsive wool biting and generalized restlessness. The experiment will be maintained for at least another 6 months and it will be completed with furthers clinic and behavioral tests and postmortem studies.

Comunicación presentada en el IX International Congress of Veterinary Virology, celebrado en Madrid del 4 al 7 de septiembre de 2012.

Comunicación presentada en el IX International Congress of Veterinary Virology, celebrado en Madrid del 4 al 7 de septiembre de 2012.

Póster presentado en el 6th International Meeting on Biotechnology, Biospain 2010, celebrado en bilbao del 19 al 21 de septiembre de 2010.

Póster presentado en el 6th International Meeting on Biotechnology, Biospain 2010, celebrado en bilbao del 19 al 21 de septiembre de 2010.

Small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infection causes losses in the small ruminant industry due to reduced animal production and increased replacement rates. Infection of wild ruminants in close contact with infected domestic animals has been proposed to play a role in SRLV epidemiology, but studies are limited and mostly involve hybrids between wild and domestic animals. In this study, SRLV seropositive red deer, roe deer and mouflon were detected through modified ELISA tests, but virus was not successfully amplified using a set of different PCRs. Apparent restriction of SRLV infection in cervids was not related to the presence of neutralizing antibodies. In vitro cultured skin fibroblastic cells from red deer and fallow deer were permissive to the SRLV entry and integration, but produced low quantities of virus. SRLV got rapidly adapted in vitro to blood-derived macrophages and skin fibroblastic cells from red deer but not from fallow deer. Thus, although direct detection of virus was not successfully achieved in vivo, these findings show the potential susceptibility of wild ruminants to SRLV infection in the case of red deer and, on the other hand, an in vivo SRLV restriction in fallow deer. Altogether these results may highlight the importance of surveilling and controlling SRLV infection in domestic as well as in wild ruminants sharing pasture areas, and may provide new natural tools to control SRLV spread in sheep and goats.