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In the rabi season of 2019-2020, an experiment in three distributed replicas at three different locations: Satkhira (AEZ-11), Koyra (AEZ-13) and Bagerhat (AEZ-11) were conducted in the farmer’s field of Khulna division to select suitable soil salinity resistant varieties. Fourteen exotic potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum) have been characterized under saline stress conditions of the coastal areas of Bangladesh. Tuber skin color BARI Alu-35, 37, 40, 41, 73 and 81 are white to light yellow in color and BARI Alu-36, 72, 78 and 79 were red. The highest emergence (%) at 30 DAP was found in BARI Alu-72 along with highest foliage coverage (%) at 60 DAP. Moreover, BARI Alu-72 produced number of stem hill-1, number of tuber plant-1, weight of tuber plant-1, weight of fresh plant (kg), dry matter tuber and tuber yield. Varietal yields ranged from 20.98 to 29.75 t ha-1. Among the varieties, BARI Alu-72 yielded highest (29.75 t ha-1) followed by BARI Alu-73 (28.01 t ha-1) and BARI Alu-79 (27.66 t ha-1). Since BARI Alu-72 produced comparatively higher yield form other varieties, it could be considered suitable for costal region. If it suits into their cropping pattern, the variety may be a good option for farmers by increasing cropping intensity, benefit financially and meet their nutritional demands. Key words: Costal area, dry matter, potato, soil salinity, variety, yields performance.

A 78-year-old woman complained of severe pain in the left costal region. Her body mass index was 23.1 kg/m2. Lateral cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (LACNES) was the suspected diagnosis because the affected area was 2×2 cm and positive for pinch sign. Seventeen days later, the patient again presented with complaints of lower back pain accompanied by back pain upon extending the spine. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine showed a fracture of the vertebral body of T11. We herein discuss our errors in the diagnostic process and critical tactics for avoiding such errors in the future.

The study was conducted at farmers’ field of Itbaria, Patuakhali sadarupazila under Patuakhali district during January to April 2016under the agro ecological zone AEZ-13 (Ganges Tidal Flood plain). This site was located in between 22°14' and 22°29' North latitudes and in between 90°12' and 90°28' East longitudes of Bangladesh. Fifteenmungbean varieties viz., BARI Mung-1, BARI Mung-2, BARI Mung-3, BARI Mung-4, BARI Mung-5, BARI Mung-6, BINA Moog-4, BINA Moog-5, BINA Moog- 6, BINA Moog-7, BINA Moog-8, BU Mug-1, BU Mug-2, BU Mug-4 and Patuakhali local Mung were tested to select best suitable variety for costal region.The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with threereplications. Significant variation was observed among the different mungbeanvarities in respect of majority of the observed parameters.BU Mug-1 showed the tallest plant height while the tallest pod length was observed in BARI Mung-5. The highest number of branches per plant was found in BINA Moog-4 whereas the highest number of leaves per plant found for BARI Mung-6. The highest seed yield and yield attributes like number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and 1000 seed weight was recorded in BARI Mung-6 followed by BINA Moog-8 while Patuakhali local Mung produced the lowest yield and attributes. Most of the yield contributing factors of BARI Mung-6 wasfavorable for better yield in coastal region of Bangladesh. Hence the mungbean production can be increased by introducingBARI Mung-6 in costal region. SAARC J. Agri., 18(1): 161-172 (2020)

The aim of the current study is to analyze the vulnerability of coastal municipalities in Pará State, based on the integration of socioeconomic, epidemiological and climatic indicators. Data were combined to climate scenarios such as Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5, depending on the Municipal Vulnerability Index (MVI). Results have shown that the Sensitivity (SeI) and Sociodemographic (SdI) Indices had strong influence on the current vulnerability of the investigated municipalities. The association between current vulnerability index and future climate change projections has shown that municipalities located in Marajó Island region are the most vulnerable ones - to the West of the study site, where MVI ranged from 1 (in Afuá) to 0.55 (in Soure), for scenarios 4.5 and 8.5, respectively. The current results can contribute to the effective adoption of public policies focused on prioritizing the most vulnerable municipalities and on preparing them to deal with adverse aspects of climate change. Resumen Texto do resumo em espanhol. El estudio analiza la vulnerabilidad de los municipios costeros del estado de Pará, a partir de la integración de indicadores socioeconómicos, epidemiológicos y climáticos. Los datos se combinaron con los escenarios climáticos Vía de Concentración Representativa (RCP) 4,5 y 8,5, basados en el Índice de Vulnerabilidad Municipal (IVM). Los resultados mostraron que el Índice de Sensibilidad (ISe) y el Índice Sociodemográfico (ISd) señalaron la mayor influencia en la vulnerabilidad actual de los municipios. Al relacionar la vulnerabilidad actual con las proyecciones futuras de cambio climático se verificó que los municipios más vulnerables se encuentran en la región de la Isla de Marajó - al oeste del área de estudio, donde el IVM varía entre 1 (Afuá) y 0,55 (Soure) para los escenarios 4,5 y 8,5, respectivamente. Se cree que estos resultados pueden contribuir a la adopción efectiva de políticas públicas, priorizando los municipios más vulnerables y preparándolos para hacer frente a los aspectos adversos del cambio climático. Resumo O estudo analisa a vulnerabilidade dos municípios costeiros do estado do Pará, com base na integração de indicadores socioeconômicos, epidemiológicos e climáticos. Os dados foram combinados com os cenários climáticos Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 e 8.5, com base no Índice de Vulnerabilidade Municipal (IVM). Os resultados mostraram que o Índice de Sensibilidade (ISe) e o Índice Sociodemográfico (ISd) apontaram a maior influência na vulnerabilidade atual dos municípios. Quando a vulnerabilidade atual estava relacionada às projeções futuras de mudanças climáticas verificou-se que os municípios mais vulneráveis estão na região da Ilha do Marajó - oeste da área de estudo, onde o IVM varia entre 1 (Afuá) e 0,55 (Soure) para os cenários 4.5 e 8.5, respectivamente. Acredita -se que estes resultados possam contribuir para a adoção efetivas de políticas públicas, priorizando os municípios mais vulneráveis e preparando-os para lidar com os aspectos adversos das mudanças do clima.

RESUMO: Esta nota tecnica buscou apresentar a discussao os procedimentos metodologicos e resultados parciais de pesquisa em andamento no litoral do estado de Sao Paulo. O objetivo do projeto de pesquisa proposto e determinar os fatores que influenciam sobre as relacoes de hospitalidade e hostilidade entre os stakeholders atuantes no setor de viagens e turismo, identificando em que medida estes impactam sobre a competitividade dos destinos turisticos nacionais. Para buscar este objetivo o estudo adotou o modelo conceitual proposto por Wang e Xiang (2007). Os procedimentos metodologicos parcialmente executados/planejados sao: pesquisa bibliografica, pesquisa documental, aplicacao de entrevista pessoal semiestruturada junto a tres especialistas atuantes no mercado de turismo no estado de Sao Paulo selecionados por conveniencia, e de questionario ( survey ) junto aos membros do Conselho Municipal de Turismo dos quinze municipios classificados como “Estâncias Turisticas” localizados no litoral paulista. Palavras-chave: Hospitalidade; Hostilidade; Stakeholders; Competitividade; Turismo. ABSTRACT: This technical note sought discussing the methods and partial results of a research in progress at Sao Paulo’s costal region. The main goal of the proposed research project was to determine the factors that influences the hospitality and hostility relations between the stakeholders in the travel and tourism sector, identifying the extent to which these factors impacts on the competitiveness of the national tourism destinations. To achieve this objective, it was adopted the conceptual model proposed by Wang and Xiang (2007). The methodological procedures partially executed/planned were: bibliographical research, documentary research, application of semi-structured personal interview with three specialists in the tourism market in Sao Paulo (selected by convenience) and a questionnaire (survey) with members of the Municipal Tourism Council of the fifteen municipalities classified as “Tourism Resorts” located on Sao Paulos’ coast. Keywords: Hospitality; Hostility; Stakeholders; Competitiveness; Tourism.

There are many aims for this paper such as to apply renewable energy for everyone in Myanmar, to supply electricity to rural areas not only offgrid but also ongrid and to construct wind turbines widely in costal region starting from this research. The proposed wind power system is 450W in Pyay. This proposed system may be costed around US $1700. As Bago Mountainuous Region is also situated in Pyay District, wind power can produce electricity. Moreover, 49 villages is no electricity among 567 villages. In this paper, five main components is expressed such as wind turbine, permagnet generator, rectifier, battery and inverter. Dr. Zarchi San | Daw Yin Aye Mon | Daw Lin Lin Phyu "Proposed Wind Power System in Pyay District in Myanmar" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22782.pdf

The retroperitoneal tumor (RPT) service in the North West costal region of England was centralized in May 2011 by the merger of the Merseyside, Cheshire and Lancashire, Cumbria sarcoma networks. Our aim was to analyze the impact of centralization of services on patient outcomes.An analysis from 01/12/2004 to 30/11/2017 was undertaken from prospectively maintained database and electronic patient records; follow-up was until 30/04/2018. This time period encompassed 6.5 years before and after centralization of services took place. Survival analysis was done for Retroperitoneal Sarcomas (RPS) and also compared the impact of centralization.72 patients (27 men), median age 69 (21-90) years) underwent 95 operations with an intention to excise RPS. Overall there were 52 (54.7%) multi-visceral resections (MVR). 91/95 (95.8%) patients with primary tumors had surgery with a curative (R0/1) intent. 30-day and 90-day operative mortality was 3.2% (n = 3) and 4.2% (n = 4) respectively. The 5-year survival for patients undergoing resection for RPTs was 51.3%. 79 (83.1%) of the resections in this series occurred in the 6.5-years post-centralization with an increase in MVR between the two time points (p 0.0006). Despite the more radical nature of surgery post-centralization, there was no difference in 5-year survival for RPS patients when compared to pre-centralization, p = 0.575. However the 5-yr survival post-centralization compared favorability to national outcomes.Centralization in the management of RPS has resulted in an increase in resection rates and more complex MVRs, without compromising R0/1 resection rates; peri-operative mortality or overall survival.

Fourteen stem anatomical characters, beside twelve minerals; Na,Mg,Al,Si,P,S,Cl,K,Ca,Fe,Cu,Zn; and organic matters ;flavonoids,Kaempherol, quercetin, quercetin-3-glucoside, quercetin-3-rhamnoside and quercetin-3-rutinoside; were identified in six Salsola species; S.inermis, S.kali, S.longifolia,S tetragona.,S. tetrandra and S.volkensii grown in the Mediterranean coastal strip from Alexandria to El-Dabaa district in Egypt, in order to better understanding of the relations between the studied species and elucidate the arguments about their taxonomic position. The work based on light microscope for anatomical investigations, X-ray analyses in the leaves for minerals compositions and paper chromatography in all plant parts for chemical organic constituents. The anatomical results obtained showed that S. kali and S. innermis are closely related and separated from the rest of the studied species, while S.tetrandra and S.volkensii are related as well and meanwhile in relation with the other two species;S.tetragona and S.longifolia .These characters revealed that the genus exhibit abnormal secondary growth with variations within the studied species.. The mineral contents in the leaves of these species differs between the taxa. The maximum records of Mg, Al. Si, P, Ca, and Fe were found in S. kali While the maximum records in Na and K were found in S.inermis. Flavenoids, Kaempherol, quercetin, quercetin-3-glucoside, quercetin-3-rhamnoside and quercetin-3-rutinoside identified. No flavone aglycons and glycosides or C-glycosides were detected. Hypogallic acid, gallic acid, phloroglucinol, gentisic acid, protocatchuic acid and -(-)epicatchin have been also detected. The biochemical data indicate that Salsola kali is highly different and support its anatomical aspects. Mineral and organic compounds analyses revealed that the studied species are under stress and their variations cannot be used in the taxonomy of the group. All the obtained results indicate that S.kali has its own characters which support its separation in a separate section as indicated by previous authors

The goal of this article is to provide readers with a case presentation of a patient who presented to the radiology department for pain located at the costal region, which later was diagnosed as Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). We pretend with this article to provide a brief, complete and efficient literature review regarding the topic of imaging on this pathology. This was done with the objective of providing the reader with a brief and concise literature review so that this disease entity can remain within the list of differencials.

Due to the recent yellow fever outbreak affecting the costal region of Brazil, including main touristic destinations, there is a high demand of yellow fever vaccination. This publication addresses the most relevant practical issues regarding this vaccine for tourists visiting Brazil and aims to serve as a guideline for non-expert physicians in Chile and elsewhere.

The marine environment is highly susceptible to pollution by oil spillages and hence become an importance source for screening potential lipolytic microorganisms capable of degrading hydrocarbons. In addition to their salt tolerance, enzymes from halophiles can withstand and carry out reactions very much efficiently under extreme operational conditions encountered in industrial processes. In the present investigation, an extracellular lipase producing fungal organisms were screened and isolated from marine water samples collected from Manginapudi beach at Machilipatnam, Krishna district, A.P. India. Among 15 species of fungi isolated, 5 dominant fungi were selected to study their lipase producing activity. The extracellular lipase secreted in to the minimal salt broth was assayed both by qualitative screening method such as phenol red agar plate method and quantitative titrimetric method. Of the 5 dominant fungal isolates, Engyodontium sp. was found to produce maximum lipase, 7.2 U/mL compared to other fungal members. Since there is growing demand for lipases, rapid and persistent screening for microorganisms will open new insights for novel enzymes to be used for various synthetic processes and as well provides faster ways to solve many environmental problems. The present study gains its importance in view of this.

The aim of this work was to assess folate status among Egyptian population as baseline data for iron/folic acid flour fortification program. Blood samples (1910) were collected for three target groups: mothers, adolescents (12-18yr) and children (6

Overwintering mosquitoes in a grassy field were surveyed at 13 different localities from December 2007 to February 2008 in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Mosquitoes were collected by putting a white colored tent on the grass, without the base, and heating the inside of the tent. A total of 784 female adults comprising seven species were collected during the study period, including 395 (45.6%) Anopheles pullus, 338 (43.2%) An. sinensis, 21 (2.7%) An. belenrae, 2 (0.3%) An. kleini, 43 (5.5%) Culex tritaeniorhynchus, 20 (2.5%) Cx. inatomii, and 1 (0.3%) Cx. pipiens complex. The mosquitoes showed different overwintering distributions by temperature zone and locality. Predominant species, the malaria vectors An. pullus and An. sinensis, showed different overwintering distributions. Anopheles pullus had a 90.9% collection rate except for Youngju and an average – 0.6°C temperature between December and February. Anopheles pullus showed >50% collection rate in most regions maintained below an average of −1.4°C, and the rate of An. sinensis showed more than 50% collection rate in all regions maintained at an average above −1.1°C. Other species showed regional characteristics; An. belenrae was distributed in the northwest part of the ROK, and An. kleini was collected rarely at one locality in the middle part of ROK. Culex tritaeniorhynchus, a Japanese encephalitis virus vector, was distributed in the southern and costal region and maintained at an above average of −1.0°C. Culex inatomii was collected on the coastal region of the ROK.

The purpose of this study was to establish a parabiotic mice model and assess the physiological changes of the mice under the parabiotic state. Thirteen pairs of isogenic partners were studied. The model was created by preparing a bridge of skin and subcutaneous tissues between the two mice starting distal of the elbow joint along the humerus along the lateral costal region until the end of the waist line. Physiological, social and affective qualities of life were studied in the mice through behavioural observations for 120 days following the parabiotic surgery. During the first 2-3 days following the operation, the animals suffered from severe pain and distress. During the following days and weeks, the physiological system began to recover and the animals displayed behavioral adaptations to the parabiotic condition. All animals survived at day 120. At three days post operation, the body weight began to decrease. Following this, the animals experienced a continual body weight recovery and reached pre-surgical measures at about 30 days post op. Forty-eight h post op., faecal corticosterone-metabolites were extremely elevated, but their levels returned to two to four times of levels in control females within 72 hours post op. The faecal corticosterone-metabolite levels decreased near to control values on day 75. Out of the 13 pairs, the blood exchange rate of three parabiotic partners was tested, with the result being normal post op. After 12 weeks, the total blood exchange between both partners needed 63 or 46 or 107 min, respectively. These results demonstrated that the animals could adapt behaviourally to the parabiotic situation. Therefore, this parabiosis mouse model may provide useful insights in many research areas, such as transplantation immunity, hematological system and metabolism, etc.

Sago plan tree is the main of food raw in Southeast Sulawesi. The sago powder could made the fod like sinonggi and other snack. The sago palm wide areas in Southeast Sulawesi is 5.083 hectares, most growth in several district in Southast Sulawesi especially in costal region. The sago palm tree is the several utilitized plant. Most of several part of tee has the economics value. Therefore the sago palm tree nmanagemnet is still an exploitations for economic objectives not conservation yet. The sago process has done in long time ago. There are two ways to processing the sago powder, one method do by traditional and other by machine, but most people change to the machines process now. The paper described the management of sago palm management and also economic benefit of sago palm tre in Southeast Sulawesi focused on powder production in Konawe and Kendari district. The result analysis of sago powder processing indicated that farmer found revenue Rp 568.750 per tree on R/C Ratio 2,71.

The research discuss about transformation of bungkus dance in Simelue Regency. The Bungkus dance is one of traditional dance in the Simelue Regency that comes from Sibolga Costal region. The Purpose of the research is to understand the history and transformation bungkus dance in Simelue Regency.In the research discussion, used consist of three Sumaryono and Acculturation theory by Koentjaraningrat. The method that used in this research discussion is Qualitative Descriptive method. The time research of Bungkus Dance transformation has done two month since september untuk october 2015. The population of research is all of Simeulue Society and the sample of this ersearch is the lkeader of tradition, informan, artists and general society who know about bungkus dance. Based on the research that has done know that the transformation bungkus dance can be seen from style, feel, and sense.

The black pine bast scale, (Hemiptera: Margarodidae), is a serious pest of the Japanese black pine, , in Korea. The distribution of the black pine bast scale was examined, looking overall at 686 towns (eup), townships (myeon) or neighborhoods (dong). There were Japanese black pine ( ) forests in 91 cities, counties (gun) and borough (gu), in seven provinces and three metropolitan cities during 2010. Black pine bast scale were found in 64.8% of cities or counties or borough (59) in 7 provinces and 3 metropolitan cities, and were distributed in all South Costal regions, Pohang in East Costal region and Boryeong in West Costal region. Chungcheongbukdo, Daejeon and Jeju did not have black pine bast scale. All the gu regions in Busan had black pine bast scale, of which the area with the highest prevalence was Haenam in Jeollanamdo (1.713 crawlers/0.785 ). Songji-myeon had the highest occurrence rate (6.36 crawlers/0.785 ) from the towns, township and dong. The density of black pine bast scale in twigs was highly correlated with percentage of the sample with scale (Correlation coefficacy

BACKGROUND Most plastic surgeons in the past used bone grafts for nasal augmentation and for augmentation of the middle third of the face, and we, in our service, also used bone grafts at that time. Later, however, most plastic surgeons changed, and cartilage grafts are now the favorite material for rhinoplasty. For many years, we used cartilage grafts in rhinoplasty, and we now report the use of cartilage grafts to augment the length of the middle third of the face. METHODS We performed an osteotomy Le Fort I and harvest cartilage grafts from the costal region; then, we placed cartilage grafts between the upper portion and the lower portion of the maxilla to augment the vertical dimension of the middle third of the face. RESULTS Results in our patients were excellent. CONCLUSIONS Instead of bone grafts, cartilage grafts can be used as a good alternative to augment the vertical dimension of the maxilla.

Gastrointestinal diseases play an important role in the systemic alteration in horses. Several studies have been performed in order to better understand these processes. For these studies, to place a cannula inside the animal is a requirement. This study aimed to describe the surgical technique to place a cecal cannula in horses and the major postoperative changes. Nine adults and mixed breed horses were used in this study. The surgical procedure was performed in two steps. Primarily, through an incision in the right costal region, the dorsal segment of the cecum was sutured against the abdominal wall. In the second procedure, after the incision in the segment of the cecum, a canula was placed in the cecal lumen and sutured against the abdominal wall. This technique was viable when performed in two separated surgical procedures. The latex cannulas were well accepted by the horses, samples from the cecum could be collected throughout a period from 120 to 160 days, being considered appropriated for experimental procedures. KEYWORDS: Cecostomy, cecum, horses, intestinal cannulation.

It has long been noted that high temperature produces great variation in wing forms of the vestigial mutant of Drosophila. Most of the wings have defects in the wing blade and partially formed wing margin, which are the result of autonomous cell death in the presumptive wing blade or costal region of the wing disc. The vestigial gene (vg) and the interaction of Vg protein with other gene products are well understood. With this biochemical knowledge, reinvestigations of the high-temperature-induced vestigial wings and the elucidation of the molecular mechanism underlying the large-scale variation of the wing forms may provide insight into further understanding of development of the wing of Drosophila. As a first step of such explorations, I examined high-temperature-induced (29 degrees C) vestigial wings. In the first part of this paper, I provide evidences to show that the proximal and distal costae in these wings exhibit regular and continuous variation, which suggests different developmental processes for the proximal and distal costal sections. Judging by the costae presenting in the anterior wing margin, I propose that the proximal and distal costal sections are independent growth units. The genes that regulate formation of the distal costal section also strongly affect proliferation of cells nearby; however, the same phenomenon has not been found in the proximal costal section. The distal costal section seems to be an extension of the radius vein. vestigial, one of the most intensely researched temperature-sensitive mutations, is a good candidate for the study of marginal vein formation. In the second part of the paper, I regroup the wing forms of these wings, chiefly by comparison of venation among these wings, and try to elucidate the variation of the wing forms according to the results of previous work and the conclusions reached in the first part of this paper, and provide clues for further researches.

In this Paper, a method for estimating Chinese interregional input/output table is proposed and it is shown that Chinese input/output table in the province levels can be estimated by using 30 provincial input/output tables. As the results, it is cleared that economic development in the costal region depended upon the export and that it influenced to all other regions in China. In addition to this, it is shown that there is no relationship between provinces in inland regions, which is observed in the costal regions.

Homelessness is a social as well as legal stigma on a Country's development index. In addition homeless people are exposed to increased incidence of diseases and accidents. Mangalore city, a bustling city located in Southern costal region of India, has seen tremendous growth in the past few years; with this the problem of migrants and homeless has also increased. This has invited a spectrum of problems relating to law and order including frequent incidences of unclaimed dead bodies, both due to natural and unnatural causes. This autopsy based study tries to highlight the situation of picture of homeless deaths in Mangalore and the problems faced by the Law enforcing authorities.

The presence of the Echimyidae Eumysopinae Clyomys in Ensenadan (Early-Middle Pleistocene) sediments cropping out northeast of Mar del Plata and south of Necochea (costal region of Buenos Aires province, Argentina) is reported. This is the first citation of Clyomys in Argentina and the first post-Pliocene record of echymids at this latitude. These remains represent a species closely related to the extant representatives of the genus, which live at least 1600 km north of the new localities. These fossils suggest that a southward expansion of the Brazilian fauna occurred during a warm and humid pulse in the Pleistocene.

Oil industry represents one of the main incomes for many countries. However, this industry is not exempt of accidents such as oil spills. Satellite remote sensing is a useful tool in delineating polluted areas due to its characteristic to cover large areas. This paper proposes a methodology combining information from both optical (Landsat) and radar (Envisat-ASAR) images to delineate polluted soils by hydrocarbons in the coast of Paraiso, Tabasco, Mexico. Landsat images identified polluted areas over the beach (bare soil); nevertheless, they did not reach the soil under vegetation conditions. In contrast, radar images did not indentify polluted areas in the beach mainly because of the extreme dry conditions in the soil. But, in vegetated areas, the radar penetrated the vegetation cover and identified the polluted soils. Both optical and radar information showed complementarities to delineate polluted areas under heterogeneous conditions.

Since the reform and opening-up of China, the economy of coastal regions has developed fast. With the policy for development of northeastern region and the large-scale development of western region, to implement the positive economic policy at the costal region will play an important role in harmonizing development of the main three economy circles. The essay compared the opening-up policy in the three major economy circles and analyzed the distinctive competitiveness of each other. In addition, it brought forward the definite direction on using their different advantages to promote economy development.

In this study, DRAINMOD-N, a mathematical model for simulation of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) concentration in water outflows (runoff and subsurface drain water) and shallow ground water, has been tested based on the field data collected from paddy rice fields consisting of a controlled drainage (CD) system in north of Iran during 2008 and 2009. The model performance was evaluated first by comparing the observed and simulated water table depth (WTD), that is an essential prerequisite for the model to obtain a proper prediction of NO3-N movement, and then by comparing the observed and simulated NO3-N concentration in shallow groundwater using two statistical indices, lowest root mean square error and the highest correlation coefficient. The lowest root mean square error and the highest correlation coefficient were determined to be 94.4 mm and 0.8 for water table differentiations, and 1.32 (mg/l) and 0.93 for NO3-N concentration, respectively. Therefore, it was found that DRAINMOD-N can be used to simulate soil hydrology and NO3-N concentration in shallow ground water of paddy rice field under controlled drainage CD management practices in north of Iran.

The geographical distribution of C. botulinum type E and its associated disease, type E botulism in China, is different from that in other areas of the world. Cases of type E botulism generally arise in costal regions. In China, however, type E botulism is found primarily in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau of northwest China far from the ocean, at an altitude of approximately 4-5 km. The foods most commonly associated with the disease are fermented grain and beans as well as raw meat. A suspected outbreak of type E botulism poisoning in the central costal region of China in the 1990s prompted the collection and analysis of samples of mud, sand, and fish from the region. The toxin produced by type E botulinum was found in these samples. Surprisingly, though, upon further analysis, the strain isolated from the samples was identified not as type E C. botulinum, but as the neurotoxigenic bacterium Clostridium butyricum.

Com o objetivo de avaliar e comparar clínica e histologicamente o uso do adesivo metil-2-cianoacrilato e do fio de náilon na reparação de feridas cirúrgicas de pele, foram utilizados cinco cães e cinco gatos adultos, clinicamente sadios. Seguindo o protocolo anestésico e cirúrgico habitual para cada espécie, foram feitas cinco incisões na pele da região costal do lado esquerdo e cinco do lado direito, com aproximadamente dois centímetros de comprimento. As feridas cirúrgicas do lado direito foram suturadas com fio de náilon cirúrgico 3-0 e as do lado esquerdo foram aproximadas e fixadas com o metil-2-cianoacrilato em ambas as espécies. Os animais foram submetidos a avaliações clínicas a cada três dias. Foram retirados fragmentos de pele para realização de biopsias aos três, seis, nove, doze e quinze dias após a cirurgia. Os resultados obtidos, tanto em cães quanto em gatos, não revelaram diferença clínica ou histológica entre os tratamentos utilizados. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare clinically and histologically the use of methyl-2-cyanoacrylate adhesive versus the nylon's suture in skin wounds closure. There were five adult mongrel dogs and cats, clinically healthy used. Following anaesthetical routine and surgical protocol, five incisions were made in the left costal region, and other five in right costal region, about 2cm in length, in both especies. The right side costal wounds were sutured with surgical nylon 3-0, and in the left side costal wounds methyl-2-cyanoacrylate was applied, in both species. The animals were submitted to clinical evaluation every three days, and a biopsy was realized at three, six, nine, twelve and fifteen days after the surgery. In both species, the results did not show any clinical or histologic difference when comparing the used treatments.

Background and Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a swimming endurance training program on changes in percentages and sizes of fiber types in different regions of the hamster diaphragm. Methods. Adult male golden Syrian hamsters were randomly assigned to a control group (n=9) or a swimming group (n=10). Hamsters in the swimming group swam for 80 minutes per session, 5 days per week, for 13 weeks. Fiber-type percentages and sizes were determined for the costal region and for the abdominal and thoracic surfaces of the crural region of the diaphragm from cross sections processed for myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase. Results. Muscle fibers in the thoracic surface of the crural region were smaller in the swimming group than in the control group. Fiber-type percentages in the diaphragm, however, were not different between groups. Conclusion and Discussion. Swim training may have improved the endurance of the thoracic/crural region by decreasing cross-sectional area and thus decreasing the distance for oxygen to diffuse to the internal regions of the muscle fibers.

Although even a proverb is only a proverb for a certain period of time, bound to an historical context that is demonstrated in proverb collections but is of little importance to those engaged in paremiological research, we should be able to be more precise about the terms of its existence. From this point of view, an examination of the vernacular proverbs found in three types of documents dating from 1150 to 1350, originating in the British and Channel Isles (including the costal region of Normandy), and written in Norman French or Anglo-Norman, is revealing. In the first place, there exists a clear parallelism between the development of proverb tradition on the one hand and literary tradition on the other. Thus, the translation of Salomon's Proverbs in Sanson de Nantuil's version (c. 1150) reflects the transitional phase between the medieval Latin tradition and the emerging vernacular one. A second group of texts, comprising Anglo-Norman romances and tales dating from 1150 to 1250, attests to the fluctuating fortunes of the Proverbes au vilain. Contrasting with this, the third type of documents, in particular Jean de Saint Martin's Vie du Bienheureux Thomas Elie de Biville (c. 1340), belongs to a proverb tradition arising from its own historical, geographical and intellectual context., S'il est vrai que même un proverbe n'est proverbe que pour un certain laps de temps, qu'il est, lui-aussi, lié à une « historicité » que les recueils attestent bien mais dont on fait peu de cas dans la recherche parémiologique, on devrait être en mesure de préciser davantage les termes de son existence. À cette fin ont été examinés ici les proverbes vernaculaires contenus dans trois types de documents écrits entre 1150 et 1350 aux îles Britanniques (y compris les îles et le littoral continental de la Manche), en normand ou anglo- normand. Il en résulte clairement un parallélisme entre le développement de la tradition parémiologique et la tradition littéraire : la traduction des Proverbes de Salomon dans la version de Sanson de Nantuil de 1150 environ reflète la phase de transition entre la tradition parémiologique médiolatine et celle — naissante — des proverbes vernaculaires ; les romans et contes anglo-normands datant de 1150 à 1250 participent aux fluctuations de la mode des Proverbes au vilain ; la Vie du Bienheureux Thomas Elie de Biville par Jean de Saint-Martin, par contre, rédigée vers 1340, est tributaire de la tradition parémiologique de son propre contexte historique, géographique et intellectuel., Schulze-Busacker Elisabeth. Proverbes anglo-normands : tradition insulaire ou héritage européen?. In: Cahiers de civilisation médiévale, 37e année (n°148), Octobre-décembre 1994. pp. 347-364.

In cats anesthetized with Nembutal, electromyograms of the diaphragm (Edi) were recorded from an anchored esophageal electrode, a pair of silver hooks inserted in the paratendinous region, and a pair of silver hooks and a pair of clips of small surface inserted in the costal region of the diaphragm facing the rib cage at FRC but covered with lung tissue at FRC + 80 ml. When single supramaximal electrical stimuli were applied to an isolated phrenic nerve, changes in lung volume from RV to near TLC had a negligible effect on muscle potentials from esophageal or paratendinous hooks, but increased the amplitude of potentials recorded from peripheral hooks and clips. In addition, it was found that small displacements of the esophageal electrode caused substantial changes in the amplitude of the recorded muscle potentials. The integration of the Edi spontaneously generated during occluded inspirations, recorded from paratendinous hooks and the esophageal electrode was linearly related to transdiaphragmatic pressure up to 50 cmH2O at all lung volumes. Above that level, esophageal electrode recordings showed a curvilinear Edi/Pdi relationship, while hook recordings showed a rectilinear relationship.

To examine the effect of postnatal development on changes in oxidative potential of fibers of specific types (I, IIa, IIb, and IIc) in the rat diaphragm, determinations of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity were made using microphotometric measures of optical density. Samples of the costal region of the diaphragm were extracted from 56 male Wistar rats ranging in age from 8 to 85 days and subgrouped into seven developmental periods (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, and 12 wk). For type I fibers, increases of 17% (P less than 0.05) in SDH activity occurred during 2nd wk, remained elevated through 4th wk, and increased further (P less than 0.05) to 137% of 1-wk values by the end of 6th wk. No further increases were noted between 6 and 12 wk. A similar maturational trend was evident for type IIa fibers, although SDH activities remained higher throughout development when compared with type I fibers. In contrast, SDH in type IIb fibers, although increasing by 14% during the first two measurement weeks (P less than 0.05), declined from 6 to 9 wk before ultimately reaching a value similar to 3 wk. SDH activity was also assessed in a typical slow- (soleus) and fast-twitch (extensor digitorum longus, EDL) muscle of the hindlimb to contrast their development with that of the diaphragm. Generally, SDH in type I and IIa fibers was approximately 40 and 20% higher, respectively, in the diaphragm than in matched fiber types in the other muscles throughout development (diaphragm greater than EDL greater than soleus).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Fibre types in the costal region of the diaphragm muscle of several mammalian species with widely different respiratory rates were examined microphotometrically for succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity. Mean activities indicated no significant (p greater than 0.05) difference between the type I and IIA fibres for any of the species examined. SDH activities in type IIB fibres were significantly lower (p less than 0.05) than either the type I or type IIA fibres in the cat, guinea pig, rat and rabbit whereas in the mouse no difference was found. The dog had no classical type 1B fibres. Analysis of the distribution of SDH activities by fibre type indicated a wide scattering of scores with no distinct separation between fibre types. Large differences in SDH activity were noted between species. Mean SDH activities were highest in the mouse and rat, intermediate in the rabbit and guinea pig and lowest in the cat and dog. These data suggest an association between respiratory rate and aerobic oxidative potential of the various fibre types in diaphragms of the species examined.

♂ ♀. The eyes are hairy, the tibiæ unarmed. The collar is cut out in front and there is a slight tuft in front, on the dorsum of the thorax, while the sides of the patagia are determinate. Dark leather brown ; thorax concolorous, with the inner edge of the patagia with a mole or less obvious bordering of dark scales. Forewings shining leather brown, deepening in tint over costal region, somewhat darker mottled. Lines distinct, continuous, geminate, with litac-grey centers distinctly contrasting.

A method has been developed that enables the transpulmonary pressure to be measured directly over most of the costal region of animals without introduction of any device into the pleural space. Pleural surface pressure was atmospheric in the lowermost part of the lung of rabbits and dogs in the lateral, supine and prone postures, it was subatmospheric over the rest, and at all levels in the head-up posture, it was positive in the dependent part in the head-down posture. For a given species and posture pleural surface pressure was uniquely related to the percentage of the lung maximal height and no systematic differences were found at a given height. In all points investigated pleural surface pressure was higher than pleural liquid pressure. While pleural liquid pressure at the top of the lung decreases proportionally to the lung height, pleural surface pressure at the top changes less, not only because the overall vertical gradient of transpulmonary pressure is smaller than that of pleural liquid, but also because it decreases with the increase of the size.

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Single unit electrical activity has been recorded from neurons in the Th8 and Th9 segments of the spinal cord in chloralose-anesthetized cats. These neurons had cutaneous receptive fields in the right costal region from which they could be driven by noxious and/or innocuous stimulation of the skin. They could also be activated by distensions of the biliary system but only at noxious intensities of visceral stimulation. No viscero-somatic convergent neurons have been found responding to innocuous visceral stimulation.

The knowledge of pleural liquid pressure (Pliq) is essential for understanding the mechanical coupling between lung and chest wall and the liquid exchanges of the pleural space. In the last decade, research in this field contributed new ideas and stimulating controversies but also caused some confusion. These aspects, along with the older contributions, are considered in this review, which is divided into three sections. The topics of the first section are 1) measurements of Pliq with different techniques in various mammals and various regions of the pleural space, 2) comparison of Pliq with the pressure exerted by the lung recoil (Ppl), and 3) vertical gradient of Pliq and downward flow of pleural liquid. In the second section the mechanisms absorbing liquid from the pleural space are analyzed: 1) Starling forces of the visceral pleura, 2) lymphatic drainage through the stomata of the parietal pleura, and 3) active transport of solutes. The third section deals with 1) measurements of pleural liquid thickness with two approaches in the costal region of various mammals and 2) mechanisms preventing a complete removal of pleural liquid and, thus, ensuring the lubrication.

Concentrations of uncoated and coated amphibole fibres were measured postmortem in samples taken from the periphery of both upper and lower lobes of the left lung of an insulation worker. Similar measurements were made on a more limited range of samples from elsewhere in the lung and on a hilar lymph node. The mean concentration of uncoated fibres in the upper lobe was twice that in the lower. Significant differences were observed in the mean concentration of uncoated fibres in different regions of the periphery, the diaphragmatic region having the lowest value. Variations in the concentrations of both uncoated and coated fibres in the costal region of the lower lobe may have been related to the effect of rib structures on ventilation. Concentrations of fibrous and non-fibrous dust were well correlated in the peripheral samples. The length distributions of uncoated and coated fibres were also measured and differences detected in fibres from the various regions of the lung. This work emphasises the care required in sampling lung tissue in order to obtain representative material for the determination of fibre concentration.

THOSE WhO were present at the Section of Surgery at the Aniniuial Meeting of the British Medical Association in 1927, or who read tlhe report of its excellent discussion onclhronic appendicitis, must have been strucik by the small diagnostic value which attaches to any one sign.' Compared with the acute form, chronic appendicitis presents a vague clinical picture; the appendix, like the hand of a clock, may point in any direction, anid it is not surpr-ising that tenderness may appear in widely different areas. I pointed out, however, in a letter published in the same issue with the report, that at tihe discussionino one had mentioned the diagnostic value of x rays.2 Yet radiology, taken in conjunction with clinical signs and symptoms, probably gives us miiore definite hell) in (liagnosis than any other eieans. I cite the followilng case, referr-ed' to me by Dr. Mathieson of Harrow, in illustration. Clinical History. The patient, a woman aged 44, had severe abdominal pains, particularly in the left costal region. They were intermittent, lasting one to, three days, with similar periods of intermission, and were much worse at the menstrual periods. The whole abdomeni was tender, more so at some times than at others. Occasionally her complexion was sallow.

In a previous paper (Ouweneel, 1969) the genetic basis has been described of a uew homoeotic strain, calledloboid-ophthalmoptera (ld-opht). In the present paper the morphological appearance and the development of the homoeotic effect are dealt with. In the adult fly the eye is often considerably reduced and kidney-shaped (Fig. 2). In the hypodermal part of the eye area frequently outgrowths occur; the smaller ones consist of head hypodermis, the larger ones of wing tissue, mostly wing spread (Figs. 3 and 4). The average localization of the outgrowths in the eye area was determined (Fig. 5). In the homoeotic outgrowths beside the wing spread, the costal region of the wing is often represented. Also the border bristles ("triple row" and "double row") and the wing veins, as well as parts of the wing base and possibly the humeral plate, were found (Figs. 6-10).In vivo it appeared that protuberances later giving rise to homoeotic outgrowths arise at the time of first folding of the disc; this folding is much more extensive than in the wild type disc, so that the size of the flat, unfolded part of the disc (which will form the ommatidia) is considerably reduced (Fig. 11). The appearance of the protuberances seems to be the result of a strong, local stimulus to increased growth rate. Histological examination ofld-opht eye discs has confirmed that the area occupied by ommatidial precursors is often strongly reduced by the thickened folds of the disc. The protuberances arise as evaginations from the folded part of the disc, and consequently must evert during the pupal stage, along with the eversion of the cephalic complex (Figs. 12-15). The average localization of the disc protuberances turned out to correspond to the average localization of the homoeotic outgrowths in the eye area (Fig. 16).A developmental history is proposed for theld eye, based upon two actions of the gene, first a reduction of eye disc size (first instar ?), and secondly a local hyperplasia (extensive folding) of the disc reducing the ommatidial field (third instar). The occurrence of wing tissue inld-opht is ascribed to local strong proliferation (due to certain modifiers present in the strain) leading to transdetermination, its chance being proportional to the rate of proliferation.

Local volume to surface ratio (V/S) of in situ subpleural and inner alveoli was determined on planes parallel and normal to the lung surface of rabbits under various conditions under which the topo- graphy of transpulmonary pressure (P tp ) over the costal region had been previously determined (supine, head-up, normal, eviscerated, at FRC, with changed alveolar or abdominal pressure; supine eviscerated with tungsten beads in the airways). The shape of subpleural and inner alveoli was similar both in situ and in isolated lobes. The local V/S and P tp values fitted the V/S-P tp relationship in isolated lobes. Only in the uppermost alveoli of head-up rabbits at FRC and in the ventral ones of rabbits with tungsten beads in the airways the values of V/S in the direction normal to the lung surface differed from those in the directions parallel to the surface. This deformation was consistent with the departure of the V/S and P tp values measured in the direction normal to the surface, from the V/S-P tp relationship of isolated lobes.

The case here reported furnishes a timely confirmation of a similar observation by Leon Bloch (The Journal, Dec. 18, 1915, p. 2140), and adds one more to the few recorded instances of the identification of trichina larvae in the spinal fluid. History. —M. B., a schoolgirl, aged 14, was admitted to the medical service of St. Luke's Hospital, Nov. 23, 1915, complaining of sharp pains in the abdomen, of headache, alternate diarrhea and constipation, fever and marked muscular soreness. November 12, the child first complained of malaise, and her mother observed a distinct puffiness about the eyes which became worse, lasting altogether for about one week. November 14, there developed general soreness of the muscles with a temperature of 102 and diarrhea lasting several days. An early symptom was cough with a good deal of pain and soreness in the costal region. November 21, she awoke from sleep with severe