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The β-galactosidase was extracted and purified from 100 g of C. arvensis seeds using a variety of protein purification procedures such as ammonium sulphate fractionation, gel filtration, and finally chromatography on a cationic ion exchanger. The effects of metal ions, kinetics parameters, and glycoprotein nature were determined, as well as the optimal pH and temperature of the purified enzyme. With a high specific activity (72 units/mg), β-galactosidase was isolated to a 24-fold apparent electrophoretic homogeneity. The molecular mass of β-galactosidase was determined as monomeric, which was further confirmed by SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF/MS analysis, with a 45 kDa molecular weight. The enzyme has a K

Weed control tries to suppress competitors for a crop and often relies on differential intoxication, making use of differences in uptake, development, or metabolism. We explored the possibility of using natural signals to shift competition in favour of the crop. Using the competitive horsemint (Mentha longifolia) as a paradigm, we showed that essential oils from certain mint species suppress the seedling development of different target species in a specific and efficient manner. The specificity concerned both the donor and the receptor. We demonstrated further that the effect of horsemint oil was specific for actin filaments, and not for microtubules. Since the elimination of actin will impair auxin transport, which is essential for root regeneration in vegetatively propagating weeds, we tested the efficacy of horsemint essential oil in combination with a slow-release carrier against field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), a pertinent weed in organic cereal production. We observed that the development of this weed can be specifically blocked, especially if the carrier is worked into the soil. We propose that allelopathic interactions, often relying on manipulative chemical signalling, harbour significant potential for organic weed control.

Convolvulus arvensis L. is an evergreen herb growing in various regions of Pakistan. Despite of several medicinal properties associated to this herb, it was not investigated scientifically for its bioactive compounds and detailed pharmaceutical properties. Therefore, its methanolic extract was divided into hexane (CA-H), chloroform (CA-C), ethyl acetate (CA-E) and butanol (CA-B) soluble fractions. CA-H and CA-C were found rich in phenolics (30.73±0.63 and 20.15±0.59 mg GAE/g of the extract, respectively), and the same fractions exhibited significant antioxidant activities (DPPH: 5.23±0.1112.34±0.17 mg TE/g extract, respectively; ABTS: 36.82±0.0456.74±0.61 mg TE/g extract, respectively). Also in CUPRAC activity assay, CA-H and CA-C exhibited highest activities as 87.30±0.46 and 56.74±0.61 mg TE/g extract, respectively, while CA-C was most active in FRAP activity assay with value of 40.21±2.19 mg TE/g extract. Total antioxidant capacity (1.23±0.033 mmol TE/g extract) was also found higher for CA-C, while CA-H activity was also comparable, however, CA-H showed higher metal chelating activity (22.74±0.001 mg EDTAE/g extract) than that of CA-C (17.55±0.22 mg EDTAE/g extract). These activities clearly revealed a direct relation between antioxidant potential and phenolic contents of CA-H and CA-C. In AChE and BChE inhibitory assay, CA-H and CA-E showed better inhibition (AChE: 8.24±0.774.46±0.007 mg GALAE/g extract; BChE: 5.40±0.021.92±0.24 mg GALAE/g extract) as compared to other fractions, whereas, against tyrosinase, CA-B was most active (37.35±0.53 mg KAE/g extract). CA-H and CA-C also showed higher inhibitory potential (0.98±0.080.58±0.01 mmol ACAE/g extract) against α-Amylase; while against α-Glucosidase, CA-E was the most active fraction. UHPLC/MS analysis of the methanolic extract of C. arvensis disclosed the presence of 62 compounds as sterols, triterpenes, flavonoids, fatty acids, alkaloids and coumarins. In Multivariate Analysis, the total phenolic contents were correlated strongly with all antioxidant assays except FRAP and DPPH. Regarding enzyme inhibitory properties, only AChE, BChE and α-amylase were correlated with the total phenolic contents in the extracts. Docking analyses confirmed these findings, as identified compounds had high binding free energy and inhibition constants with the enzymes studied. It was finally concluded that C. arvensis is a potential industrial crop, which can be a component of nutraceuticals and functional foods, if evaluated for its toxicity.

Wheat production is more than 10% is in first place with potential in Konya plain of Turkey. Weed seeds mixed crop seeds cause quality and yield losses on production. This research was carried out to determine the species, intensity and frequency of weed seeds obtained from flour mill plants operating in Konya. Samples were taken from the 15 flour mill plants with working high capacity in the region. Identification of the weed seeds species in the sample was made. Comparison was made with live materials and reference documents by examining the seeds under a binocular while diagnosis of species. Also, the intensity and frequency of the species contaminated in wheat were determined. As a result of the study, 79 weed seed species belonging to 19 different families were identified. The species of families the most inclusive were Poaceae with 14 species and Leguminosae with 13 species. In order to determine intensity and frequency of species, weed seeds counted by hand, weighed in scale were recorded in laboratory. The highest weed seeds intensity as number and weight among the species were determined Galium tricornutum (rough bedstraw) with 16.16% and Aegilops cylindrica (jointed goatgrass) with 21.22% respectively. About the frequency of species, the most frequent species was Convolvulus arvensis (field bindweed) with 100%.

SummaryA taxonomic account of Jacquemontia Choisy in Bolivia and Peru is presented. All recognised species from the two countries are described and their distribution, ecology and conservation status are outlined. Separate keys to the species occurring in each country are also provided. All species are mapped and illustrated with line drawings and/or photographs. Five new species, Jacquemontia boliviana J.R.I.Wood, J. chuquisacensis J.R.I.Wood, J. cuspidata J.R.I.Wood, J. longipedunculata J.R.I.Wood and J. mairae J.R.I.Wood & R.Clegg are described from the Andes of Bolivia. Taxonomic notes are provided for many species, J. heterantha Nees & Mart. is treated as a synonym of J. cumanensis (Kunth) Kuntze and J. prominens Helwig of J. unilateralis (Roem. & Schult.) O’Donell. Lectotypes are chosen for Convolvulus agrestis Mart. ex Choisy, C. mucronatus Benth., Ipomoea selloi var. rufescens (Meisn.) Hallier f., Jacquemontia acuminata Rusby, J. azurea var. alba Seeman, J. corymbulosa Benth., J. densiflora Rusby, J. guayaquilensis Meisn., J. pedunculata Rusby, J. sphaerocephala Meisn. and J. violacea var. densiflora Meisn.

The antifungal drugs currently available and mostly used for the treatment of candidiasis exhibit the phenomena of toxicity and increasing resistance. In this context, plant materials might represent promising sources of antifungal agents. The aim of this study is to evaluate for the first time the chemical content of the volatile fractions (VFs) along with the antifungal and anti-biofilm of

The diversity of weed-field communities of sunflower crops within the forest-steppe zone of the Orenburg Region (Abdulinskiy, Matveevskiy, Oktyabrskiy, Aleksandrovskiy, Sharlykskiy districts) was studied. The communities in the system of ecological-floristic classification units are assigned to the new variant Orobanche cumana of the Amarantho blitoides – Lactucetum tataricae Khasanova et al. 2019. In the core of the cenoflora of communities juvenile weed species prevail. The most active of them are late spring annuals ( Amaranthus blitoides , Panicum miliaceum , Amaranthus retroflexus , Setaria viridis ) and early spring annuals ( Chenopodium album , Fallopia convolvulus , Camelina microcarpa ). Root perennials such as Lactuca tatarica , Convolvulus arvensis , Euphorbia virgata , Cirsium arvense have also a high proportion. A distinctive feature of the communities is the participation in their floristic composition of a dangerous quarantine species – Sunflower broomrape ( Orobanche cumana ). Modeling the area of the association under a moderate scenario of climate change shows that the distribution of communities by 2050 can cover almost the entire territory of the Cis-Urals (within the Republic of Bashkortostan). It is necessary to organize a monitoring system for the range of these communities in the Southern Urals.

Understanding host use by psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) benefits from comparative studies of behavior on host and nonhost plant species. While most psyllid species develop on one or a few closely related plant species, some species are generalized enough to develop on species across plant families. We used electropenetography (EPG) technology to compare probing activities of an oligophagous psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc)) and a host-specialized psyllid (Bactericera maculipennis) on two species of Solanaceae (potato, Solanum tuberosum L. and matrimony vine, Lycium barbarum L.) and two species of Convolvulaceae (field bindweed, Convolvulus arvensis L. and sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas). Bactericera cockerelli develops on all four species, albeit with longer development times on Convolvulaceae. Bactericera maculipennis develops only on Convolvulaceae. Bactericera cockerelli fed readily from phloem of all four species, but the likelihood of entering phloem and duration of time in phloem was reduced on suboptimal hosts (Convolvulaceae) relative to behavior on Solanaceae. We observed instances of cycling between bouts of phloem salivation and ingestion in assays of optimal (Solanaceae) hosts not observed on Convolvulaceae. The Convolvulaceae-specialized B. maculipennis (Crawford) failed to feed from phloem of nonhosts (Solanaceae). Both psyllid species readily ingested from xylem of all plant species, irrespective of host status. Our finding that phloem feeding by B. maculipennis did not occur on potato has implications for understanding epidemiology of phloem-limited psyllid-vectored plant pathogens. Our results also showed that EPG assays detect subtle variation in probing activities that assist in understanding host use by psyllids.

The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatasL. Lamarck syn.Convolvulus batatasL.) is a perennial, herbaceous climber with tuberous edible roots, and is a major leguminous crop of global importance with widespread applicability and economic value of its products in the global market. The aim of the presented investigations was to review the experimental articles and patents referring to the application of sweet potato-based nutritional products for athletes published in the period 2000–2020. Altogether, 69 patents and 12 experimental articles were included in the analysis. The statistical analysis showed that similar number of inventions was patented in periods 2000–2005, 2006–2010, 2011–2015 and 2016–2020. Generally, the inventors patented food supplements in different forms (e.g.bars, beverages, powders, snacks, tablets). Other authors invented methods of extraction and application of sweet potato constituents such as carbohydrates (i.a.slowly digestible starch) and polyphenols (i.a.anthocyanins). The empirical articles evidenced wide acceptability of sweet potato products due to their beneficial effects on health and performance such as improvement of cardiopulmonatory functions, prolongation of physical performance and recovery from fatigue. Despite growing interest in the application of sweet potato constituents in nutritional products for athletes, further investigations are highly desirable.

C. pluricaulis Choisy (C. pluricaulis), a perennial herb aka C. microphyllus Sieb. and C. Prostratus Forsk. is being used as a traditional folk medicine for a variety of ailments. In this article, we collected information about C. pluricaulis through electronic search using PubMed, SciFinder, Google Scholar, and Web of Science as well as network pharmacology is done. This comprehensive review sheds light on the plant profile, phytochemistry, neuropharmacological, and toxicological data of C. pluricaulis. The crude herb and its metabolites have exhibited a wide range of in vitro and in vivo neuropharmacological effects, including memory enhancement, anxiolytic, tranquilizing, anti-depressant, anti-stress, neurodegenerative, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, analgesic, sedative, anti-convulsant, and Alzheimer's disease-reversing effects. Network pharmacology results indicate that compounds from C. pluricaulis interact with various proteins, neuro synapses, signaling pathways, and serotonergic synapse which plays a crucial role in neurotransmission, Alzheimer's disease, long-term depression, addictions to alcohol, cognitive disorders, psychological conditions, and increasing serotonin concentration in synapses.

Seven new hexasaccharide resin glycosides, named calysepins I-VII (

Convolvulus farinosus L. — Habit: Herb. Habitat: LMWF, LMDF; up to 2 600 m. Distribution: I. Voucher: Meru Forest, Alt. 1 756 m, 29 Jul. 2014, SAJIT 002263 (HIB). References: Fries & Fries (1927b), Agnew (2013)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 78, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464, {"references":["Fries, R. E. & Fries, T. C. E. (1927 b) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Flora des Kenia, Mt. Aberdare und Mt. Elgon. X. Notizblatt des Koniglichen Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin 10 (91): 69 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3994819","Agnew, A. D. Q. (2013) Upland Kenya wild flowers and ferns, 3 rd edn. Nature Kenya Publications, Nairobi, 733 pp."]}

Convolvulus siculus L. subsp. agrestis (Schweinf.) Verdc. — Habit: Herb. Habitat: LMDF; up to 2 300 m. Distribution: II. Voucher: N/A. References: Fries & Fries (1927b), Agnew (2013)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 78, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464, {"references":["Fries, R. E. & Fries, T. C. E. (1927 b) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Flora des Kenia, Mt. Aberdare und Mt. Elgon. X. Notizblatt des Koniglichen Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin 10 (91): 69 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3994819","Agnew, A. D. Q. (2013) Upland Kenya wild flowers and ferns, 3 rd edn. Nature Kenya Publications, Nairobi, 733 pp."]}

Convolvulus kilimandschari Engl. — Habit: Climber. Habitat: LMWF, LMDF, BZ, UMF, HZ; 1 700–3 800 m. Distribution: II. Voucher: Chogoria Roadhead to Meru Bandas, Alt. 3 123 m, 25 Jan. 2015, SAJIT 002846 (HIB). References: Fries & Fries (1927b), Verdcourt (1963), Bussmann (1993, 1994), Bussmann & Beck (1995a), Agnew (2013)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 78, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464, {"references":["Fries, R. E. & Fries, T. C. E. (1927 b) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Flora des Kenia, Mt. Aberdare und Mt. Elgon. X. Notizblatt des Koniglichen Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin 10 (91): 69 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3994819","Verdcourt, B. (1963) Convolvulaceae. In: Beentje, H. J. (Ed.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, 161 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. (1993) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): A phytosociological approach with special reference to ecological problems. Ph. D. Thesis, Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen, Tubingen, 119 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. (1994) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): Vegetation, ecology, destruction and management of a tropical mountain forest ecosystem. Ph. D. dissertation, Universitat Bayreuth Startseite, Bayreuth, 252 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. & Beck, E. (1995 a) The forests of Mt. Kenya (Kenya), a phytosociological synopsis. Phytocoenologia 25 (4): 467 - 560. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / phyto / 25 / 1995 / 467","Agnew, A. D. Q. (2013) Upland Kenya wild flowers and ferns, 3 rd edn. Nature Kenya Publications, Nairobi, 733 pp."]}

This work aimed to develop and evaluate a post-acquisition data processing strategy, referred to as a mass defect filter (MDF), for rapid target the resin glycosides in root of

Convolvulus arvensis is a species of bindweed that is rhizomatous and is in the morning glory family (Convolvulaceae) native to Europe and Asia. The plant is naturally grown in Iraq. The plant was reported to be used in traditional medicine from as early as 1730s. The Aerial parts of Convolvulus arvensis were macerated in 80% ethanol for 6 days. The concentrated extract was partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate- and n-butanol successively. The n-hexane and ethyl acetate, fractions were examined for the presence of phytochemicals by thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography and its steroid and flavonoid contents were investigated. Stigmasterol was isolated from n-hexane fraction and identified by liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Rutin was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction and identified by liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy. The aim is to examine the phytochemical constituents of the aerial parts of Convolvulus arvensis, literature survey available so far revealed that there were no studies about the phytochemical investigation for Convolvulus arvensis in Iraq. Different chromatographic techniques like Thin Layer Chromatography and mass spectroscopy were used and the presence of Stigmasterol and Rutin in aerial parts of Convolvulus arvensis was indicated.

This study was carried out in 2017 to investigate the effects of weed species in the Iğdır province cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivation areas and the effect of herbicides on cotton fiber quality. The study of the effects of different herbicides on foreign grazing and cotton yield, field trials in the land of Iğdır University Agricultural Application and Research Center. The experiment consists of four repetitions of seven characters: Pendimethalin 330 g / l, Quizalofop-p-ethyl 50 g / l + Triloxsulfuron-sodium, Clethodim 116.2 g / l + Triloxsulfuron-sodium, Cycloxydim 100 g / l + Triloxsulfuron-sodium, Prapaquizafop 100 g / l + Triloxsulfuron-sodium, because of weed control and foreign otsuz controls. Following the trial design as well as the quality of life yield the best results are obtained from foreign weed controls: Cycloxydim + Triloxsulfuron-Sodium and Clethodim + Triloxsulfuron-Sodium Monitoring of the parcels there. In July, a total of 20 different fields were surveyed in Iğdır city, Iğdır city center, Karakoyunlu and Aralık districts. Configure inspections Select 31 weed species belonging to the word 15 family. Poaceae with 6 species, followed by the family Asteraceae (5), Euphorbiaceae (4) and Fabaceae (3) are listed for. The frequency of 13 shows that the frequency is over 15%. Before taking into consideration the frequency of incidence, there are 5 species of weed species in the order; 84% Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers, 64% Portulaca oleracea, 60% Xanthium strumarium L., 60% Convolvulus arvensis L., 44% Solanum nigrum L. weeds were prepared., Bu çalışma Iğdır ili pamuk (Gossypium hirsutum L.) ekim alanlarındaki yabancı ot türlerini belirlemek ve bazı herbisitlerin pamuk verimi ve lif kalitesine olan etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla 2017 yılında Iğdır Üniversitesi Tarımsal Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi arazisinde yürütülmüştür. Tarla denemesi 7 karakterli, 4 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuş, karakterler: Pendimethalin 330 g/l, Quizalofop-p-ethyl 50 g/l + Triloxsulfuron-sodium, Clethodim 116.2 g/l + Triloxsulfuron-sodium, Cycloxydim 100 g/l + Triloxsulfuron-sodium, Prapaquizafop 100 g/l + Triloxsulfuron-sodium, yabancı otlu kontrol ve yabancı otsuz kontrol grubu olarak belirlenmiştir. Deneme alanlarında hem lif kalitesi hemde pamuk kütlü verimi bakımından en iyi sonuçlar yabancı otsuz kontrol parsellerinden elde edilmiştir. Bu sonucu Cycloxydim + Triloxsulfuron-sodium ve Clethodim + Triloxsulfuron-sodium uygulamaları takip etmiştir. Temmuz ayında Iğdır ili pamuk ekim alanları dikkate alınarak Iğdır merkez, Karakoyunlu ve Aralık ilçelerinde toplam 20 farklı tarlada sürvey gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan sürveyler sonucunda 15 familyaya ait 31 adet yabancı ot türü bulunmuş olup, bu yabancı otların sahip oldukları tür sayılarına göre en geniş familya 6 tür ile Poaceae olmuş, ve bu familyayı Asteraceae (5), Euphorbiaceae (4) ve Fabaceae (3) familyaları izlemiştir. Araştırmada belirlenen yabancı ot türlerinin 13 tanesinin rastlanma sıklığı %15 üzerinde tespit edilmiştir. Rastlanma sıklıkları göz önünde bulundurulduğunda ilk 5 sırayı alan yabancı ot türleri sırası ile, %84 Sorghum halapense (L.) Pers, %64 Portulaca oleracea, %60 Xanthium strumarium L., %60 Convolvulus arvensis L. ve %44 Solanum nigrum L. olarak belirlenmiştir.

A new species, Botrytis polygoni, was isolated from several species of Polygonaceae in 2011 and 2012 in Tongwei County, Gansu Province, China. The species infects Fagopyrum esculentum, F. tataricum, and Fallopia convolvulus, causing brown leaf spots and large blotches with concentric rings in the field. Botrytis polygoni is morphologically characterized by conidia spherical, unicellular, hyaline to pale brown or brown, (10.2-)14.3-21.4(-23.5) μm; and sclerotia black, spherical to subspherical, allantoid, or irregular-shaped, 0.2-4.1 × 0.1-3.0 mm. Comparison of the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) sequences confirmed its placement in the genus Botrytis. Phylogenetic analysis based on the protein-coding genes glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH), heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase subunit II (RPB2) showed that the new species is clustered close but separate from Botrytis pyriformis, which was distant from 37 other Botrytis species and 17 undescribed species. Pathogenicity tests showed that the new species has aggressive pathogenicity to four species of Polygonaceae, specifically Fag. tataricum, Fal. convolvulus, Polygonum sibiricum, and Pol. aviculare, weak pathogenicity to Vicia faba in the Fabaceae, and no pathogenicity to eight other tested plants: Amaranthus retroflexus, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Kalanchoe blossfeldiana, Lagopsis supine, Mentha canadensis, Plantago asiatica, and Raphanus sativus.

Sliver nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.) an invasive weed species in cultivated lands of Egypt threatens native and crop species. The allelopathic potential of this weed was assessed against nematode and weeds. The aqueous extracts of Sliver nightshade leaves and seeds exhibited strong impacts in root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita galls, egg-masses, female's numbers and juveniles' number. The incorporate dried leaves of S. elaeagnifolium with soil positively affected M. incognita infection and enhanced Eggplant Solanum melongena cv. white Balady growth traits under the greenhouse proportional to concentration. The allelopathy of aqueous extracts negatively influenced Convolvulus arvensis, Polypogon monspeliensis, Phalaris minor and Triticum aestivum germination and growth. Bioassay and spectroscopic instruments guided to four active flavonoids; hydroxyl −3-methoxyflavone, quercetin, kaempferol 3β-D-(6”-O-cis-cinnamoyl glucoside) and chlorogenic acid on Convolvulus arvensis and Arabidopsis thaliana weeds total biomass. These findings proved the importance of invasive weeds allelochemicals to be considered as a source of natural pesticides into agricultural systems.

One of the reasons for the decrease in the yield of winter wheat and spring barley is the significant distribution in the crops of rhizome and root spawn weeds. The high competitiveness of weeds is largely determined by the features of their mineral nutrition. The accumulation of K2O in the Cirsium setosum and Sonchus arvensis exceeded the accumulation in cultivated plants twice. The nitrogen content in the roots and rhizomes of weeds was 1.5–2 times higher than the content of cultivated plants. The total removal of nutrients by weeds is influenced by their tier. Weed plants, intensively growing in the middle and upper tiers, contributed to a greater removal of nutrients from the soil. The removal of nitrogen was 14–43 % of the removal of cultivated plants, phosphorus – 4–12 %, potassium – up to 80 % of the removal of culture. A significant decrease (> 10 %) in yield is observed at a population density of 5–10 weeds/m2 in the lower tier. Winter wheat was more stable. A reduction of 10 % with 11–15 weeds/m2 of the lower tier. A decrease in plant productivity by 10–15 % with a population density of 5–10 weeds/m2. The calculation of the economic threshold level (ETL) at the level of 5 % yield loss for the lower tier ranged from 6–8 weeds/m2, at the level of 10 % loss to 8–12 weeds/m2. ETL (5 %) for weeds of medium and high level for Cirsium setosum in crops of spring barley – 2 weeds/m2 and in winter wheat crops – 4 weeds/m2; Equisetum arvense – 4 and 5 weeds/m2, Sonchus arvensis – 2 and 4 weeds/m2, Convolvulus arvensis – 5 and 5 weeds/m2, respectively

Sebzeler taze olarak da tüketildiğinden hem zehirli yabancı otlarla karışık olmaması hem de pestisit kalıntısı içermemesi gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle sebze alanlarında görülen yabancı otların belirlenmesi hem insan sağlığı hem de yabancı ot kontrolü yönüyle büyük önem taşımaktadır. Uygun iklim koşullarının da bir sonucu olarak Siirt ilinde sebze üretim alanları sürekli artmaktadır. Ancak yörede sebzede sorun olan yabancı otların saptanmasına yönelik olarak daha önce herhangi bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Bu nedenle Siirt ilinde toplam 40 tarlada sürvey çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sürveylerde sebze ekim alanlarında sorun olan yabancı ot türleri ve bunların rastlanma sıklıkları ile yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Araştırmayla çalışma alanında 20 familyaya ait 52 farklı yabancı ot türü tespit edilmiştir. Saptanan yabancı otlardan 3’ünün tam parazitik ve 11’inin dar yapraklı olduğu diğerlerinin ise geniş yapraklı oldukları saptanmıştır. Dar yapraklı yabancı otlardan en fazla rastlanan ve en fazla yoğunluk oluşturan türlerin; Sorghum halepense (%67,5), Echinocloa crus-galli (%22,50) ve Cynodon dactylon (%17,5) olduğu saptanmıştır. Bölgede en fazla görülen ve yoğunluk oluşturan geniş yapraklı yabancı otların ise; Portulaca oleracea (%92,0), Amaranthus retroflexus (%82,0), Chrozophora tinctoria (%82,0), Alhagi pseudalhagi (%77,0), Solanum nigrum (%72,0), Heliotropium europaeum (%70,0), Amaranthus albus (%67,0), Xanthium strumarium (%65,0) ve Convolvulus arvensis (%57,5) olduğu belirlenmiştir.

But your snobbiness, unless you persistently root it out like the bindweed it is, sticks by you till your grave. – George Orwell The real danger in a garden came from the bindweed. That moved underground, then surfaced and took hold. Strangling plant after healthy plant. Killing them all, slowly. And for no apparent reason, except that it was nature. – Louise Penny

The present study aimed to measure the herbicidal effect of Rue (Ruta graveolens L.) and Bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau) essential oils against (Amaranthus retroflexus L., Convolvulus a...

Amaç: Ipomoea spp. ve Convolvulus spp. Convolvulaceae familyasına ait bitkilerden olup, tek veya çok yıllık olarak dünyada yaygın olarak bulunan istilacı yabancı otlardandır. Pek çok kültür bitkisinde sorun olan ve günümüzde istilacı özelliği ile ön plana çıkan Ipomoea ve Convolvulus türlerinin, yaygınlık ve yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi amacıyla Akdeniz bölgesinde sürvey çalışması yapılmıştır. Materyal ve Metot: Akdeniz bölgesinde bulunan Antalya, Adana, Mersin, Hatay, Kahramanmaraş ve Osmaniye illerinde yapılan sürveylerde, her bir il merkezi başlangıç kabul edilmiştir. Sürveyler sırasında her 10 km’de bir rastlantısal olarak durulmuş ve en yakın tarım alanını temsil edecek şekilde 1 da’lık alandan örnekler alınmıştır. Her bir örnekleme noktasına 1m2’lik çerçeveden tesadüfi olarak 5 kez atılarak yabancı ot türlerinin sayımları yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Akdeniz bölgesi genelinde Convolvulaceae familyasından Convolvulus cinsine ait 5 ve Ipomoea cinsine ait 3 olmak üzere 8 yabancı ot türü belirlenmiştir. Bunların türleri, yaygınlık (%) ve yoğunlukları (adet/m2), sırasıyla, Convolvulus arvensis L. (52.32 ve 0.57), Convolvulus scammonia L. (0.86 ve >0.01), Convolvulus stachydifolius Coisy (0.69 ve 0.01), Convolvulus betonicifolius Mill. (0.52 ve >0.01),Convolvulus galaticus Roston. ex Choisy (0.17 ve >0.01), Ipomoea triloba L. (9.12 ve 0.13), Ipomoea hederacea (Linn) Jacq. (3.44 ve 0.02) ve Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth. (1.20 ve 0.01)’dır.

Background: Convolvulus species are extensively used in traditional medicines for the treatment of peptic ulcer diseases primarily associated with the presence of many bioactive compounds, such as coumarins. Methods: A validation and improvement of a rapid, sensitive and simple technique for bioactive compounds analysis of scopolin and scopoletin in Convolvulus pilosellifolius (CP) and Convolvulus austroaegyptiacus (CA) plant extracts using UHPLC-MS/MS were performed. Both plants extracts were subjected to high-resolution DART-ToF-MS technique for fast profiling of their constituents. Results: DART-ToF-MS spectra proved the presence of experimental mass at 193.05137 and 355.10371 m/z in the extract of CA plant and at 193.05084 and 355.10365 m/z in CP plant extract for scopolin and scopoletin compounds, respectively. The total chromatographic analysis time was less than 10 min with excellent resolution and negligible matrix effect. The validated parameter showed good linearity (R2 ≥0.998) over a wide concentration range of 0.05-10.0 μg mL-1 for both scopolin and scopoletin, detection limits of scopolin and scopoletin were 0.03 and 0.01 μg mL-1, respectively. The method also showed good intraday and interday precisions (RSD Conclusion: The results indicate that the suggested method can be used for regular analysis of active compounds in medicinal plant extracts.

The memory-boosting property of Indian traditional herb, Convolvulus pluricaulis, has been documented in literature; however, its effect on synaptic plasticity has not yet been reported. Two important forms of synaptic plasticity known to be involved in the processes of memory formation are long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). In the present study, the effect of C. pluricaulis plant extract on LTP and LTD were evaluated. The adult male Wistar rats were fed orally with 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg of this extract for 4 weeks and the effect was determined on LTP and LTD in the Schaffer collaterals of the hippocampal cornu ammonis region CA1. We found that the 500 mg/kg dose of the extract could significantly enhance LTP compared to the vehicle treated ones. Moreover, the same dose could also reduce LTD while used in a separate set of animals. Also, a fresh group of animals treated with the effective dose (500 mg/kg) of plant extract were examined for memory retention in two behavioral platforms namely, contextual fear conditioning (CFC) and novel object recognition test (NORT). Increased fear response to the conditioned stimulus and enhanced recognition of objects were observed in CFC and NORT, respectively, both indicating strengthening of memory. Following up, ex-vivo electrophysiology experiments were performed with the active single molecule scopoletin, present in C. pluricaulis extract and similar patterns in synaptic plasticity changes were obtained. These findings suggest that prolonged treatment of C. pluricaulis extract, at a specific dose in healthy animals, can augment memory functions by modulating hippocampal plasticity.

Yabancı otlar % 48-52 oranlarında kayıpla diğer biyotik faktörlerden ön plana çıkmakta, rekabet ve salgıladığı allelopatik maddelerle buğdayda ürün kalitesinin düşmesine ve verim kaybına neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle Uşak ili buğday alanlarında yürütülen bu çalışmada yabancı otların tür ve yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi, mücadele çalışmalarına kaynak oluşturması açısından önem arz etmektedir. Çalışma, Uşak ilini temsil edecek şekilde altı ilçede (Merkez, Banaz, Eşme, Karahallı, Ulubey ve Sivaslı) toplam 115 tarlada, mücadele yapılıp yapılmaması gözetilmeksizin buğday ekim alanları gezilerek yabancı otların tür, yaygınlık ve yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda Uşak ili buğday alanlarında 24 familyaya ait 11’i cins, 65’i tür ve tür altı takson düzeyinde toplam 76 takson tespit edilmiştir. İl bazında elde edilen sonuçlara göre yabancı otların genel olarak yoğun olmadığı ancak bazı türlerin yaygın olduğu belirlenmiştir. Secale cereale L., Convolvulus arvensis L., Avena barbata Pott ex Link subsp. barbata, Galium tricornutum Dandy ve Bifora radians Bieb türleri en yaygın yabancı otlar olmuştur., Weeds come into prominence among other biotic factors with a loss of 48-52 % and it causes loss in production quality and yield loss in wheat with competition and allelopathic substances they release. For this reason, in this study conducted in wheat fields in Uşak province, determination of species and density of weed is important to form a reference for control studies. The study was conducted in a total of 115 fields in six districts (Center, Banaz, Eşme, Karahallı, Ulubey and Sivaslı) representing Uşak province by visiting wheat cultivation sites regardless of considering whether or not control is performed, in order to determine the species, frequency and density of weeds. As a result of the study, a total of 76 taxa which belonged to 24 families, 65 of which were at species and subspecies, 11 of which were at the genus level, were determined in wheat fields in Uşak province. Based on the province-based results, it was determined that weeds did not have density in general, but some species were widespread. Secale cereale L., Convolvulus arvensis L., Avena barbata Pott ex Link subsp. barbata, Galium tricornutum Dandy and Bifora radians Bieb species were the most widespread weeds.

The biological and economic efficiency of the use of the new, combined herbicide Uniko, CSC, (100 g/L fluroxypyr + 2.5 g/L florasulam) at application rates of 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, and 1.75 L/ha is studied in field trials. Cereal crops were sprayed in three stages: tillering/early booting, flag leaf stage, and heading (the experiment using herbicides at the latest stage was performed in Russia for the first time). The trials were carried out according to the Guidelines for Registration Tests of Herbicides in Agriculture in 2016 and 2017. The use of 1.0 L/ha Uniko herbicide at early stages of cereal crop growth and development provided 66.4–83.4% of weed clearing. This was more effective than the use of 0.43 L/ha standard Demetra, EC. An increase in the application rate of the herbicide Uniko, CSC, led to an increase in its biological efficiency to 68.8–91.0% (1.25 L/ha), 72.4–95.3% (1.5 L/ha), and 76.5–97.3% (1.75 L/ha). The use of the maximum rate of standard Demetra, EC, (0.57 L/ha) proved to be less effective: the total weed infestation of cereal crops decreased by 62.4–86.7%. The advantage of the Uniko herbicide over the standard was that it had a stronger effect on weed species, such as Papaver rhoeas, Sonchus arvensis L., Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Chenopodium album L., and Amaranthus retroflexus L. Late treatments (at the flag leaf stage and, in particular, at the crop-booting stage) were generally less effective (up to 25%) than treatments at the tillering stage. Despite the decrease in the general efficiency of late treatments, they can be productive in some cases, taking into account the biological features of some weed species, as in the case of the late emergence of seedlings of Convolvulus arvensis L., for which the stage of its highest vulnerability to the effect of herbicides can fall on the crop-heading time. According to the study results, the herbicide Uniko, CSC, is recommended for use in the Russian Federation.

Field bindweed is a deep-rooted and drought-tolerant perennial weed that can hardly be controlled once it has become established in wheat. Field experiments were carried out to investigate the control of field bindweed and winter wheat response to pyroxasulfone, metribuzin, dicamba, and a mixture of pyroxasulfone plus metribuzin plus dicamba, mesosulfuron, 2,4-D, 2,4-D plus mesosulfuron. The above-mentioned herbicides were applied at the 3-4 leaf stage and at the wheat tillering phase as well, depending on label recommendations. Experiments were performed in the Nemchinovka and Sokalova, Moscow regions in the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Controlling field bindweed was different depending on region and crop year. The reason for the variable weed control between the two regions are that there were fewer colder days after the Nemchinovka applications than there were after the Sokalova applications. The most consistent and greatest field bindweed control (87 to 97%) occurred with pyroxasulfone applied at the tillering stage in both regions. Pyroxasulfone application at the wheat tillering stage affected the control of field bindweed ranging from 69 to 90%. The least field bindweed control (25%) was obtained for mesosulfuron when applied at the 3-4 leaf stage. Wheat injury observed in response to herbicide treatments was minimal and less than 17% and transient; wheat recovered with no differences in yield. These herbicides can be safely applied in winter wheat for field bindweed control in the Moscow region.

In a survey conducted in 2012 and 2013, 1166 samples from alfalfa plants and 202 samples from symptomatic weeds and cultivated plants growing adjacent to alfalfa fields were collected. Using DAS-ELISA, Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) was detected in 58.4% of the alfalfa samples and in 63.9% of the weeds and cultivated plants samples. ELISA detection of AMV was confirmed by testing representative samples from all regions by RT-PCR using a pair of primers (AMV/F and AMV/R) specific to the AMV coat protein (CP) gene. The size of the major product obtained from AMV-infected plants was identical to the 700 bp size expected from the CP gene of AMV. The amino acids and the nucleotide sequences of 17 Saudi AMV isolates from alfalfa, and 16 from other cultivated plants and weeds detected in different regions in Saudi Arabia showed a percentage of similarity that ranged between 87.9%–100% among them and 86.2% - 100% when compared with sequences of 15 different AMV isolates reported in the GenBank. This is the first time AMV was detected in Vigna unguiculata and in the following weed plant species: Chenopodium quinoa, Convolvulus arvensis, Malva parviflora, Hibiscus spp., Hippuris vulgaris, Cichorium intybus, and Flaveria trinervia in Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To evaluate acute oral toxicity and anti-arthritic activity of the methanolic extract of Convolvulus arvensis L. leaves. Methods: Safety was assessed by acute oral toxicity (OECD 425) study. Anti-arthritic activity was explored by in vitro (inhibition of protein denaturation) and in vivo (Complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis and carrageenan-induced inflammation) methods. Antioxidant potential was determined by assessing ferric reducing power, DPPH inhibition, and H2O2 scavenging assays. Furthermore, molecular docking was done to check interactions between the plant constituents and cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2). Quercetin, gallic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, sinapic acid, and vanillic acid were quantified by HPLC and eight compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis. Results: No mortality and abnormality in biochemical parameters were observed in the toxicity study. Histological analysis of vital organs also supported these biochemical results. The in vitro and in vivo studies showed that the methanolic extract of leaves of Convolvulus arvensis exhibited dose-dependent anti-arthritic and anti-oxidant potential. Molecular docking showed better interactions of plant compounds with cyclooxygenases as compared to standard ibuprofen. Conclusions: Convolvulus arvensis exhibits strong anti-arthritic activity, justifying the traditional use of the herbal drug.

The aim of the present study was to quantify selected phenolic compounds, determine antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitory effects of the aerial parts of Alkanna trichophylla Hub.-Mor. (A. trichophylla) and Convolvulus galaticus Rost.ex Choisy (C. galaticus) extracts prepared by homogenizer-assisted extraction (HAE), maceration (MAC) and infusion techniques. This is the first time such study has been designed to validate the phytochemical composition and bioactivity of these plants. Multivariate analysis was conducted on collected data. Rutin and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives were the most significant compounds in A. trichophylla and C. galaticus, respectively. The highest antioxidant activity of A. trichophylla was mostly exhibited by HAE/methanolic extracts as determined by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP (51.39, 112.70 and 145.73 mg TE/g, respectively) and phosphomolybdenum (2.05 mmol TE/g) assays. However, significant antioxidant activities varied within the extracts of C. galaticus. HAE/methanolic extract of A. trichophylla significantly depressed AChE (2.70 mg GALAE/g), BChE (5.53 mg GALAE/g) and tyrosinase (26.34 mg KAE/g) activities and that of C. galaticus inhibited AChE (2.04 mg GALAE/g), tyrosinase (31.25 mg KAE/g) and α-amylase (0.53 mmol ACAE/g) activities significantly. We concluded that HAE was the most efficient extraction technique as high yield of compounds and promising bioactivities were recorded from extracts prepared. Multivariate analysis showed that types of solvents influenced recovery of compounds and biological activities. This research study can be used as one methodological starting point for further investigation on these plants as all results are clearly promising and open the door to further research challenges such as cytotoxicity evaluation, molecular docking analysis, and more screening of pharmacological actions.

lt;bgt;Background and Objective:lt;/bgt; Despite advancements in modern therapeutic strategies, breast cancer still the most common cause of the high death rate among women worldwide. Wild plants and their extracts have been used in traditional medicine because of their efficient anti-cancer properties. This study aims to investigatelt;igt;in vitrolt;/igt; the anti-cancer, anti-proliferative and potential therapeutic effects oflt;igt;Convolvulus spicatuslt;/igt;(lt;igt;C. spicatuslt;/igt;) methanolic extract against human breast cancer cell line Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7), besides putting shed on the mechanism of action of this extract.lt;bgt;Materials and Methods:lt;/bgt; MTT (dimethylthiazol-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cytotoxicity assay was done to evaluatelt;igt;C. spicatuslt;/igt; methanolic extract's cytotoxic effects and its therapeutic potentiality against MCF-7 cells. Flow cytometry was used to clarify the potential impact of the different concentrations of the extract against the cell cycle's evolution. Nuclear densification and apoptotic changes were also analyzed and the Annexin V/propidium iodide staining method was used to ensure the anti-proliferative effect oflt;igt;C. spicatuslt;/igt;extracts. The expression level of the apoptotic regulatory gene (Bax gene) was evaluated.lt;bgt;Results:lt;/bgt; The results proved that cytotoxicity was significantly elevated in a dose-dependent manner under various concentrations. preG1 apoptosis and cell growth arrest at the Glt;subgt;2lt;/subgt;/M phase was noticed. Bax gene was upregulated at its mRNA level by a 5.6-fold increase, compared to the untreated MCF-7 cells.lt;bgt;Conclusion:lt;/bgt; This study gives deep insight into evaluating natural extracts and/or bioactive ingredients derived from thelt;igt;C. spicatuslt;/igt; plant and eventually exhibited a promising apoptosis-inducing anti-cancer agent.

Acylsugars are a class of plant defense compounds produced across many distantly related families. Members of the horticulturally important morning glory (Convolvulaceae) family produce a diverse sub-class of acylsugars called resin glycosides (RGs), which comprise oligosaccharide cores, hydroxyacyl chain(s), and decorating aliphatic and aromatic acyl chains. While many RG structures are characterized, the extent of structural diversity of this class in different genera and species is not known. In this study, we asked whether there has been lineage-specific diversification of RG structures in different Convolvulaceae species that may suggest diversification of the underlying biosynthetic pathways. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed from root and leaf extracts of 26 species sampled in a phylogeny-guided manner. LC-MS/MS revealed thousands of peaks with signature RG fragmentation patterns with one species producing over 300 signals, mirroring the diversity in Solanaceae-type acylsugars. A novel RG from Dichondra argentea was characterized using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy, supporting previous observations of RGs with open hydroxyacyl chains instead of closed macrolactone ring structures. Substantial lineage-specific differentiation in utilization of sugars, hydroxyacyl chains, and decorating acyl chains was discovered, especially among Ipomoea and Convolvulus – the two largest genera in Convolvulaceae. Adopting a computational, knowledge-based strategy, we further developed a high-recall workflow that successfully explained ~72% of the MS/MS fragments, predicted the structural components of 11/13 previously characterized RGs, and partially annotated ~45% of the RGs. Overall, this study improves our understanding of phytochemical diversity and lays a foundation for characterizing the evolutionary mechanisms underlying RG diversification.

In this article a new finding of Convolvulus hawkmoth − Agrius convolvuli (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) in the south of Western Siberia is given.

A survey studywas performed to determine weed species in sunflower cultivation fields in theAnkara province in 2014 and 2015. Surveys were conducted in 392 sampling pointssunflower cultivation areas of Ankara province. Field surveyingwas done in Ayaş, Bala, Beypazarı, Gölbaşı, Güdül, Haymana, Kalecik, Polatlı,and Şereflikoçhisar districts where representing approximately three quarter ofall sunflower fields. Forty-eight weed species belonged to 23 families were foundin the fields. The families most commonly found were Asteraceae (9 species),Poaceae (6 species) and Fabaceae (3 species). The most common weed species wereAcroptilon repens, Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Convolvulus arvensis, Orobancheramosa, Sinapis arvensis, and Xanthium strumarium, with 1.53, 2.56,2.24, 1.76, 3.18, 4.32, and 5.65 weeds m-2, respectively., Bu çalışma, Ankara ili ayçiçeği ekim alanlarındaki yabancıot türlerinin tespiti ve yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi amacıyla 2014 ve 2015yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla Ankara ili ayçiçeği ekim alanlarında toplam392 örnekleme noktasında sürveyler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sürvey çalışmalarıAnkara ili ayçiçeği ekim alanlarının yaklaşık ¾’nü kapsayan Ayaş, Bala,Beypazarı, Gölbaşı, Güdül, Haymana, Kalecik, Polatlı ve Şereflikoçhisarilçelerinde yapılmıştır. Sürvey çalışmaları sonucunda 23 değişik familyaya ait48 adet yabancı ot türü teşhis edilmiştir. Yabancı ot türlerinin ağırlıklıolarak Asteraceae (9 tür), Poaceae (6 tür) ve Fabaceae (3 tür) familyalarınaait oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan sürveyde yoğunluk olarak Xanthiumstrumarium (5.65 bitki m-2), Sinapis arvensis (4.32 bitki m-2),Orobanche ramosa (3.18 bitki m-2), Amaranthusretroflexus (2.56 bitki m-2),Chenopodium album (2.24 bitki m-2), Convolvulus arvensis(1.76 bitki m-2) ve Acroptilon repens (1.53 bitki m-2)en fazla bulunan yabancı otlar olmuştur.

DNA barcoding and morpho-anatomical characters of two forms of Convolvulus arvensis L. growing in Asir region, Saudi Arabia were studied. We applied three molecular markers, ITS, rbcL and matK for phylogenetic reconstruction in combination with 24 morpho-anatomical characters to provide proposal for the recognition of its population under two forms. Plant samples were collected from ten various populations of C. arvensis supposed to be of two different forms, and finally these have been found to be of two new forms (small leaf) and form (large leaf) for the flora of Saudi Arabia. TWINSPAN results showed that there was negative group with twenty one objects including stem length, stem thickness, seed shapes, petiole length, leaf apex, leaf length, petal circumference, leaf width, capsule length, capsule width, stamen length, anther width, anther length, carpel length, venations type, pollen grains shape, T.S of stem, root and leaf, stigma shape and anther base surface and positive group including hairs, stomata and anther shape. Dendrogram upon morpho-anatomical characters resolved two main clusters, one cluster of form (large leaf) and the other of form (small leaf). Amplified gene region for the form (small leaf)-rbcL showed 100% identity with C. lineatus; form (small leaf)-matK and form (large leaf)-matK had 99% identity with Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. Form of (small leaf)–ITS had 100% identity with that of C. arvensis; form (large leaf)-rbcL had 100% identity with those of C. arvensis and C. lineatus. Form (large leaf)–ITS had 99% identity with that of C. arvensis. The results of molecular phylogenetic analyses based on certain morphological and rbcL data support two main clusters within C. arvensis which is consistent with two forms, form (small leaf) and form (large leaf).

Convolvulus genus is a representative of the family of Convolvulaceae. Convolvulus plants are broadly distributed all over the world and has been used for many centuries as herbal medicine. Convolvulus genus contains various phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, mucilage, unsaturated sterols or terpenes, resin, tannins, lactones, and proteins. This review highlights the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, application as food preservative, traditional medicine use, anticancer activities, and clinical effectiveness in human of Convolvulus plants. All the parts of Convolvulus plants possess therapeutic benefits; preliminary pharmacological data validated their use in traditional medicine. However, further preclinical and clinical experiments are warranted before any application in human health.

Alkaline hydrolysis of the resin glycoside fraction of the whole plants of Convolvulus arvensis gave two new glycosidic acids, named arvensic acids K and L (1 and 2). Their structures were characterized on the basis of spectroscopic data as well as chemical evidence. They possessed a same pentasaccharide chain, composed of one D-fucose, three D-glucose and one L-rhamnose units. The aglycone of compound 1 was identified to be rarely existing 11S-hydroxyheptadecanoic acid, while compound 2 possessed 11S-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid as the aglycone. Their cytotoxic and anti-migration activities were also evaluated.

Son zamanlarda, bilim adamlari tedavi edici bitkiler hakkinda giderek daha fazla ilgili hale geldiler. Bircok Convolvulus taksonu farkli biyolojik aktiviteler gostermektedir. Bu calismada, Convolvulus aucheri'nin LPS ile uyarilmis HCC78 ve H1975 gibi kucuk hucre disi akciger kanseri (KHDAK) hucrelerinde nitrik oksidi (NO) inhibe edici etkisini degerlendirmeyi ve antioksidan kapasitesini belirlemeyi amacladik. NO uretiminin bir gostergesi olan nitrit duzeyini belirlemek icin Griess testi uygulanirken, antioksidan etkinin belirlenmesi icin ise β-karoten/linoleik asit testi kullanildi. C. aucheri ekstraktinin sitotoksik aktivitesi, CellTiter-Glo deneyi kullanilarak tespit edildi. Ekstrakt H1975 hucrelerinde HCC78 hucrelerinden daha buyuk bir sitotoksik aktiviteye sebep olmustur ve NO uretimini konsantrasyona bagli olarak azaltmistir. NO olusumuna karsi en yuksek inhibitor potansiyelin, HCC78 hucrelerinde 40 μg/mL konsantrasyonda 113.06 μM nitrit oldugu gozlenmistir. Antioksidan aktiviteye gelince, C. aucheri en yuksek antioksidan aktivitesini %70.89 ile gostermistir. Bu veriler, C. aucheri'nin yeni antikanser bilesiklerinin arastirilmasi icin yararli bir kaynak olabilecegini akla getirmektedir.

Four new species and one new forma are described from vulnerable and highly threatened calcareous habitats in eastern South Island, New Zealand. Brachyscome lucens is known from a limestone outcrop near Ward Beach, Marlborough. Cardamine magnifica is from Castle Hill Basin/Kura Tâwhiti, Canterbury, where it occurs on limestone scree and stony sites. Ranunculus callianthus is restricted to a limestone scarp in South Canterbury, where it is known from three subpopulations. Geranium socolateum occurs from South Canterbury to North Otago, and although relatively widespread usually occurs in small-sized populations. Convolvulus verecundus forma glaberrimus is known from one site in North Otago (Awahokomo), and is a glabrous-leaved variant of C. verecundus with which it is sympatric. Conservation status assessments are presented for Brachyscome lucens, Cardamine magnifica, Convolvulus verecundus forma glaberrimus, Geranium socolateum and Ranunculus callianthus, with all being assessed as Threatened, Nationally Critical.

Plant‐insect herbivore‐entomopathogen interactions are one of the hot topics in biological control and humoral immunity, and biochemical metabolism are important responses of herbivores to pathogen infection. Entomopathogens are key biocontrol agents of caterpillars, but how plants affect the responses of caterpillars to these organisms is not well understood. We studied hormonal immunity (lysozyme and phenoloxidase activities) and biochemical metabolism (total protein and lipid contents) of Beauveria bassiana‐infected beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) larvae that feed on five different host plants (soya bean, Chinese cabbage, edible amaranth, water convolvulus and pepper). Results indicated that plant species differentially affected lysozyme and phenoloxidase activity and lipid content, but had no effect on protein content of pathogen‐infected caterpillars. Both lysozyme and phenoloxidase activities were generally higher in entomopathogen‐infected larvae that feed on edible amaranth or water convolvulus compared with the other three plants from days 1 to 5 after treatment. Plant species did not affect in regular changes during the 5 days in the lipid content of infected or non‐infected caterpillars. Our study reveals that plants fail to affect the biochemical metabolism but plants can mediate the humoral immunity of caterpillars to defend against pathogens. This study provides insight into plant‐mediated effects on the response of herbivores to pathogens.

Fallopia (Polygonaceae) as a noxious weed contains 17 species in the world out of which three species occur in Iran with invasive distribution. F. convolvulus growing in wide range of soil types ca...

The morphology and distribution of Convolvulus acanthocladus and its allies are reviewed. The group consists of C. acanthocladus, C. argyracanthus, C. iranicus and C. spinosus and a new species, C. hormodensis Ranjbar & Ezazi (Convolvulaceae), from Hormozgan province, southern Iran, which is described and illustrated. The paper highlights the macro- and micro-morphological differences between the five species and shows the value of trichome characters in distinguishing between species. The paper is illustrated with tables and photographs.

The relevance of this study was to reduce the risk of negative aftereffect on winter wheat of the studied combined herbicidal preparations for their autumn use in field experiments. The purpose of these experiments was to solve two problems: the assessment of biological efficiency in relation to wintering, spring and perennial weed species; determination of economic efficiency of autumn application of herbicides. Studies were carried out on small-scale experiments of a branch of the FSBI “FNTs them. I.V. Michurina "in winter wheat crops Scepter. The studies used herbicides Alistair Grand MD 1.0 l/ha, Attribute VG 0.06 l/ha, Fenizan BP 20 l/ha, mixed forms Prima Donna EF 0.50 l/ha + Zontran KKR 0.50 l/ha and Fenizan BP 20 l/ha + Zontran KKR 50 l/ha. The weed component in winter wheat crops in the conditions of the north-eastern part of the Central Black Earth Region is represented by wintering, spring and perennial species. A high biological assessment of herbicides has been shown for autumn use against perennial and wintering weeds. The economic efficiency confirming the herbicidal activity was determined against the background of fungicidal and insecticidal treatments. The main weeds of winter wheat sowings were revealed: in the autumn period, the wintering weed is a violet field (Viola arvensis Murr.), In the spring period - white mar (Chenopodium album L.), a shchirina thrown back (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), before cleaning - a field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.), Chistell annual (Stachys annua). The advantage was that the autumn application of herbicides tested by us did not have a negative effect on the overwintering of the crop, and the phytosanitary condition of the field improved. The impact of herbicides was reduced to the death of a part of weeds in the autumn period and the deterioration of the physiological state of the surviving weeds, due to which they subsequently died during the wintering season.

Study was applied in field in the Radwaniyah region west Baghdad during agriculture season 2015 from 15/5/2015 until 1/11/2015, to evaluate efficiency of some foliar insecticides in reducing population insect convolvulus beetle Spermophagus sericeus (Geoffr) (Coleoptera:Bruchidae) on soybean crop (Lee74 variety) . The results showed that the heghest of total average numbers of insect pect was in control treatment 1.47 and 1.2 insect/plant in the first and second spray respectively with significant difference from other treatment and associated with the less average of 100 seeds weigh that was 8.94 and 9.50 gm in the first and second spray respectively, The less of total average numbers insect pest in one spray tseatnet was 0.13 insect/plant in Confidor treatment and associated with the highect average of 100 seeds weigh that was 9.45 gm , in two spray the lreatneut of total average numbers of insect pest was in Actara application 0.07 insect/plant) and associated with average of 100 seeds weight that was 9.91 gm with not significant difference between seeds weight in one and two spray .

Aim This study was aimed to evaluate the hydroalcoholic extract of Convolvulus pluricaulis (HACP) for standardization using colorimetric method. Materials and Methods Establishment of standardization for the Ayurvedic formulations is most important for its chemical compounds, biological action, and its quality reassurance in production and manufacturing of traditional herbal medicines. As most of the drugs are standardized, drug companies are using substitute drugs instead of true drugs. So to make finest superiority drugs, it is necessary to validate the raw drugs. Observing the existing trend in mind, HACP was subjected to standardize procedures for the phytochemical tests. The separation of the bioactive substances from the HACP was performed using both manual methods and high-profile thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Results From this study, it is revealed that the seed contains alkaloids, carbohydrates, steroids, tannins, terpenoid, and phenol which gave the medicine numerous therapeutic properties. Conclusion The study was rapid, reproducible, and could be used for routine monitoring of various biological properties of HACP.