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Theories of scalars and gravity, with an Einstein-Hilbert term and non-minimal interactions, $M^2R/2 -\alpha\phi^2R/12 $, have graviton exchange induced contact interactions. These modify the renormalization group, leading to a discrepancy between the conventional calculations in the Jordan frame that ignore this effect (and are found to be incorrect), and the Einstein frame in which $\alpha$ does not exist. Thus, the calculation of quantum effects in the Jordan and Einstein frames does not generally commute with the transition from the Jordan to the Einstein frame. In the Einstein frame, though $\alpha$ is absent, for small steps in scale $\delta\mu/\mu$ infinitesimal contact terms $\sim \delta\alpha$ are induced, that are then absorbed back into other couplings by the contact terms. This modifies the $\beta$-functions in the Einstein frame. We show how correct results can be obtained in a simple model by including this effect., Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2009.14782

In the UK, coastal flooding and erosion are two of the primary climate-related hazards to communities, businesses, and infrastructure. To better address the ramifications of those hazards, now and into the future, the UK needs to transform its scattered, fragmented coastal data resources into a systematic, integrated, quality-controlled, openly accessible data portal. Such a portal would support analyses of coastal risk and resilience by hosting, in addition to data layers for coastal flooding and erosion, a diverse array of spatial datasets for building footprints, infrastructure networks, land use, population, and various socio-economic measures and indicators derived from survey and census data. Rather than prescribe user engagement, the portal would facilitate novel combinations of spatial data layers in order to yield scientifically, societally, and economically beneficial insights into UK coastal systems.

In this paper, I briefly review the concept of the Post-Scientific Society and then present some of the confirming evidence for the aptness of the concept. This leads to important implications for how we should think about education and workforce development in the twenty-first century. Both require the incorporation of a very high cognitive level of scientific and technical knowledge with deep understanding of human wants, needs, and behaviors, as well as a substantial appreciation for how design will affect the success of those technologies in application.

Gregory Tassey has written a brilliant, although not flawless, analysis of the technological challenges to American manufacturing and of actions that should be taken by both business and government to ensure that American manufacturing’s future is bright. Tassey has long been an astute observer and analyst of American science, technology, and innovation policies. His paper is both a synthesis of many of his earlier contributions and a significant extension into new realms of understanding. Tassey’s fundamental thesis is that the decline in American manufacturing’s contributions to GDP and private employment, as well as its decline in shares of world trade, can be attributed in substantial measure to two factors. The first is that there is a national consensus around models of how technology is developed and used that fails to account for both vertical disintegration along supply chains and the speed of change. Second, because of American aversion to the involvement of government in the private sector, there is an overly rigid understanding of the synergistic roles of private and public investment in generating cycles of major changes in new technologies. Tassey marshals a wide array of evidence to support his thesis, and he offers recommendations for action to address the problems he has identified. He disparages observers, whom he leaves largely unnamed, who he says argue that the future of the American economy lies in a strong service sector or in the invention and design of complex sociotechnical systems that are based on integration of manufactured goods from abroad. I have considerable sympathy for Tassey’s point of view. That American manufacturing is in trouble has long been recognized and proposals for action have been widely discussed. During the 1980s, when American manufacturing was deeply challenged by Japan, astute American observers pointed out that the success of leading Japanese firms

The objective of this research was to measure the effects of increased stocking density of stalls and headlocks on the short-term behavioural responses of lactating Holstein cows. Multiparous ( n =92) and primiparous ( n =44) cows were assigned to four pens of 34 cows each and stocking densities (100, 113, 131, or 142%) were imposed in a 4×4 Latin square design with 7-d periods. Stocking density was adjusted by altering access to free stalls and headlocks. Activity of the cows was recorded continuously with digital video cameras for the last 2d at each stocking density and time spent as well as mean percentage of cows engaged in lying, standing, and feeding at each 10min scan sample was determined. Mean percentage of cows feeding over a 24-h period was approximately 20.5% and cows spent approximately 5h/d feeding, but the percentage of cows feeding during the first 60min following return from the milking parlour declined ( P P P

United States federal laboratories are facing substantial changes in their political, technical, and budgetary environments. Industrial partnering is widely seen as an important strategy for managing these changes and seeking new roles. This study examines new and interesting approaches to industrial partnering being used by selected federal laboratories. Interviews were conducted with senior staff and managers at eight federal laboratories belonging to three federal departments: Energy, Defense, and Commerce. New approaches were identified and analyzed, and the potential for their broader application was assessed. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.

The Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) was established to serve the United States Congress. In return, Congress contributed uniquely to the technology assessment process as it was implemented by OTA. It will be enormously challenging to establish the conditions provided by congressional stewardship that enabled OTA's uneasy but effective marriage of expert advice and democratic participation. These congressional contributions are analyzed and their implications for several alternative approaches to technology assessment institutions are examined.

The US innovation system has many strengths, including world class research universities and firms that thrive in innovation-intensive sectors. However, fissures have begun to appear, notably in the areas of human capital development, the patent system and manufacturing activity, while public investments in R&D and research universities are at risk of being curtailed by budget cuts. Revitalizing the dynamism of innovation has become a priority for US policymakers. To this end, it is important that federal and state governments sustain financial support for knowledge creation. The US workforce’s skills will need to be upgraded, especially in STEM fields, and measures taken to provide more favourable framework conditions for developing advanced manufacturing in the United States. While the recent patent reform is a big step in the right direction, patent reform needs to be taken further by ensuring that the legal standards for granting injunctive relief and damages awards for patent infringement reflect realistic business practices and the relative contributions of patented components of complex technologies.

Mass production has contributed to American prosperity and made available a host of inexpensive products for consumers, industry, and government. Today, however, new paradigms of production are causing revolutionary changes in how managers, engineers, and workers think about making things. This paper describes the main features of “old-era” and “new-era” industrialization and shows how key public policies designed with the old paradigms in mind need to be changed in view of the new.

Christopher T. Hill This year marks a new era for shared scientific pursuits among China, Japan, and Korea. The three nations have embarked on a new cooperative venture to support and manage science and technology. Preliminary meetings of agency officials and nongovernmental associations over the past several years culminated in a ministerial meeting earlier this year that resulted in a joint statement.The consensus is an epoch-making event for these countries, given that although each continues to reach out to assume a larger role in world affairs, the three have tended to bump up against one another over such matters as ownership and control of natural resources, immigration, and commerce.

These notes present the details of the computation of massless and massive spinor triangle loops for consistent anomalies in gauge theories.

The Higgs boson discovery will uncover new organizing principles of physics beyond the Standard Model. This may well inaugurate supersymmetry. However, following the example of Kepler, we take a look at how other, non‐supersymmetric, and seemingly ad hoc, ideas that may shape the short‐distance structure beyond the SM in unconventional and dynamical ways.

The Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) was established to serve the United States Congress. In return, however, Congress contributed uniquely to the technology assessment process as it was implemented by OTA It will be enormously challenging to establish the conditions provided by congressional stewardship that enabled OTA's uneasy but effective marriage of expert advice and democratic participation. These congressional contributions are analyzed and implications for future new technology assessment institutions are examined.

Coaxial cylinder viscometers were used to measure the rheological behavior of concentrated suspensions of glass spheres in a nonpolar liquid (liquid polybutadiene), a polar liquid (glycerol), and a liquid of medium polarity. The glass beads had untreated surfaces, surfaces with adsorbed octylamine, or hydrophobic surfaces prepared by treating the surfaces with dimethyldichlorosilane. All the suspensions were Newtonian fluids up to volume concentration of 40% except for the suspension of silane treated beads in glycerol, which was pseudoplastic. Contract angle and sedimentation measurements indicated that the glycerol—silane treated beads system contained beads in an agglomerated state. The viscosities of the suspensions obey a Mooney type equation. In the Newtonian systems, all the suspensions containing treated glass surfaces had lower relative viscosities than the analogous systems with untreated surfaces. For suspensions with volume concentrations ranging from 50 to 60% the flow behavior was pseudoplastic in some cases but rigid pastes were observed in other cases. The nature of the particle surface affected the flow behavior in the same manner as at lower concentrations. At still higher concentrations (>60 v/o), a yield stress was found for all systems. Slipping occurred in the viscometer and this phenomenon sets an upper limit for the study of concentrated suspensions.

Photographs of tracer particles were used to measure axial and transverse velocity components throughout the entire die swell region in a slit die. Laminar extrusion was investigated for two fluids: a viscoelastic concentrated solution of a polyacrylamide in glycerin and water and a highly viscous, nearly Newtonian, silicone oil. The die swell region extends upstream to the viscometric flow region and downstream to the relaxed portion of the extrudate. The data are used to evaluate several theories of die swell.

Elongational and shear viscosities of bead‐filled styrene acrylonitrile composites were measured in the rubbery flow region at very low strain rates. Composites contained 9–37% spherical glass beads by volume. Within experimental error, elongational viscosity was found to be constant and equal to three times shear viscosity at very low strain rates for the composites containing less than 20 vol % glass beads. The experimental data were used to evaluate a number of the classical theories for the viscosity of suspensions. In general, the theories were more appropriate for the elongational than for the shear data. Both elongational and shear viscosities were discovered to have the same dependence on the filler concentration up to 20 vol % glass beads. Dewetting is very noticeable in high strain tensile testing for all nonzero filler concentrations. In the data presented here, simultaneous measurements of longitudinal extension and lateral contraction established that the samples did not dewet during the viscosity measurements.

This article defines competitiveness and discusses why the concept is important to the American economy and to American political discourse. The article also examines three broad issue areas in which there is a direct relationship between Federal information policies and the competitiveness of the American industrial economy. These areas are: (1) serving the private-sector demand for technical information, (2) making Federal information resources available to industry, and (3) restricting foreign access to Federal information resources. In each case, the article sketches the current situation in Federal policy and highlights some of the policy issues that may need resolution.

The viscosities of concentrated suspensions of glass fibers in high viscosity silicone oils were measured with a 14″ capillary viscometer. Suspensions were mixed by various techniques, but only data for extruder mixed suspensions are presented. All pertinent suspension parameters were monitored, including wall effects. Yield stresses, squeeze‐through, and capillary entrance exclusion were observed. Both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of fiber suspension rheology depended strongly on fiber length, which is consistent with the variety of behavior reported in the literature. Controlling fiber length independent of changes in other suspension parameters is difficult.

Small amounts of a second immiscible liquid, water, were introduced into suspensions of glass beads (untreated or surface treated with dimethyldichlorosilane) in liquid polybutadiene. Water formed liquid bridges between the particles and caused the suspensions containing untreated beads to agglomerate. These large agglomerates changed the flow behavior from Newtonian to pseudoplastic. The extrapolated Bingham yield stress went through a maximum as the amount of water increased. Surfactants first decrease the pseudoplastic behavior and then, at higher concentrations, surfactants cause the suspensions to become Newtonian in behavior. A theory was developed in an attempt to explain the experimental results. The theory predicts pseudoplastic flow behavior for agglomerated suspensions, but the quantitative correlation between theory and experiment is not satisfactory.

The chemical industry throughout the world is in a period of rapid change and major reorientation. This calls for a re-examination of the strategies followed by the newly industrializing countries in developing their chemical process industries. Chemical products are essential for almost every aspect of a developing economy. Chemicals and chemical products are used in most sectors of manufacturing, in food processing, in civil construction, in communications, in military operations, in health care, and so on. Pesticides, fertilizers, drugs, paints and coatings, adhesives, plastics, rubber products, hydraulic fluids, etc., are all products of the chemical industry. Like steel and cement, chemicals are everywhere. Thus, a secure supply of chemicals is important to development. While the ten-fold increase in world crude oil prices of the past eight years has been a challenge to the petrochemical industries of Europe, Japan, and to a lesser extent, the United States, it has severely affected the nascent chemical industries in developing countries. The world price of crude n a p h t h a u p o n which many new industries are b a s e d h a s increased manyfold from 1973 to 1982. Thus, these industries, which contribute little to direct employment in developing countries, have also become major consumers of foreign exchange.

Capillary viscometer data are reported for 0, 15, and 30 vol. % glass fiber suspensions in 100, 600, and 1000 P silicone oils. All other suspension parameters, including fiber length distribution, were constant. Wall effects were not significant. The viscosity data at each concentration were fit by a dimensionless plot of the form F(fNRe,NEl)=0 when f is the friction factor for tube flow and NRe and NEl are the Reynolds and Ellis numbers of the system. Suspension viscosity increased with fiber concentration, but the magnitude of the increase was highly shear rate dependent. The dependence of viscosity on fiber concentration and shear rate is compared with literature predictions.

Flow curves were obtained at 190°C over the shear rate range 0.1 to 100 sec−1 for polystyrene-acrylonitrile copolymer containing up to 36 percent by volume glass beads, using a capillary extrusion rheometer. The addition of glass beads always increased shear stress and viscosity at a given shear rate, with the increase being more pronounced at low shear rates. The addition of glass beads decreased die swell, which also depended on shear-stress and capillary length-to-radius ratio. At low shear rates a lower limiting value of die swell ratio of about 1.1 was achieved. Values of recoverable shear derived from end correction data by the technique of Philippoff and Gaskins and from die-swell data by the method of Bagley and Duffey are compared. A fairly good agreement was found for low concentration blends at low shear, However, the values differed by a factor of up to 3 at higher shear stresses. In all cases, recoverable shear was found to increase with shear stress at a fixed filler loading and to decrease with increased filler loading at a fixed shear stress. Values of shear modulus calculated from the recoverable shear measurements decreased rapidly with increasing shear stress.

This paper asks how have, might, or should national technology strategies change as nations enter into regimes of freer trade. It begins with a discussion of the role of technological advance in affecting the quantity and patterns of trade among nations. Then, the general character of national technology strategies is outlined, and the impact of more open trade on their effectiveness is analyzed. After an overview of events in the United States that indicate the place of technological considerations in current US trade policy and administration, the paper considers how the US-Canadian Free-Trade Agreement might affect R&D, technology development, and technology strategy in the two countries. This paper, which is largely in the nature of a speculation, identifies the opportunity to study changing technological performance as the FTA is implemented.

Radial and tangential velocity distributions are measured for laminar flow of two Newtonian and one viscoelastic fluids in the disk and cylinder system. Velocities are determined from time lapse photographs of small particles suspended in the fluid which is illuminated in thin sections by a collimated beam of light. Measurements are made at Reynolds numbers of 0.0616, 24.4, and 97.6 for the Newtonian fluids and at 0.0371 for the viscoelastic fluid. The distributions are compared with the analyses of Kramer and Johnson in Part I. A toroidal secondary flow is observed which circulates in opposite directions for Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids, and a study of the dependence of the secondary flow direction on fluid properties and disk speed is reported. Complex flow patterns which appear in the region in which the direction of secondary flow changes are described. For Newtonian fluids tangential velocity computations agree to ±5% with the experimental measurements up to a Reynolds number of 24.4, and predic...

We consider the Lee model,V ⇆ N+θ, and a two neutral scalar meson model with indefinite metrics. It is shown that in general the coupling will cause positive definite bare states to become negative length dressed states through renormalization effects. This can render the theory unphysical depending upon the auxiliary conditions imposed with the indefinite metric.

The rheological and mechanical properties of composites containing mixtures of fibrous and particulate reinforcements were measured at 15 vol % total reinforcement. Suspensions of glass beads and fibers in nearly Newtonian silicone oils are highly pseudoplastic in the shear rate range 2.6 to 520/sec. They exhibit no capillary exit die swell, but show large rod climbing (Weissenberg) effects. The moduli and tensile strength of random, two- dimensional, glass bead/glass fiber/polycarbonate composites are approximately linear in the fraction of filler which is fibers. Tensile elongation at break falls off rapidly with substitution of a small amount of fibers. A number of theories for the modulus of mixed reinforced systems are examined. An index of processability/mechanical properties trade-off is developed in order to determine the degree to which substitution of bead filler for fibers in fiber reinforced plastics might enhance processability without undue sacrifice of properties.

A modified Stormer viscometer was used to study the flow behavior of suspensions of glass beads in liquids of different polarity over the volume concentration range from 50 to 60 percent. The flow behavior was pseudoplastic in some cases but rigid pastes were observed in other cases in this concentration range. The nature of the particle surface affected the flow behavior in the same manner as at lower concentrations. At still higher concentrations ( 60 v/o), a yield stress was found for all systems. Slipping occurred in the viscometer, and this phenomenon sets an upper limit for the study of concentrated suspensions.

If sensible decisions are to be made about the allocation of resources to stimulating technological innovation and change, and if those resources are to be organized and managed effectively, decisionmakers and analysts need access to indicators of industrial innovation at the level of a business unit, a firm, a product line, an industry and the nation. Without such indicators, it is not possible to know whether appropriate levels of human and financial resources are being properly deployed to achieve a desirable rate and direction of innovative activity.

A brief review of current predictions and bounds on the mass of the t-quark is presented. Most involve new ideas based on Grand Unification.