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A cochleate formulation was developed to enhance the oral bioavailability of revaprazan (RVP). Dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) liposome containing dicetyl phosphate (DCP) successfully formed a cochleate after treatment with CaCl2, whereas that containing sodium deoxycholate did not. Cochleate was optimised using a D-optimal mixture design with three independent variables—DMPC (X1, 70.58 mol%), cholesterol (X2, 22.54 mol%), and DCP (X3, 6.88 mol%)—and three response variables: encapsulation efficiency (Y1, 76.92%), released amount of free fatty acid at 2 h (Y2, 39.82%), and released amount of RVP at 6 h (Y3, 73.72%). The desirability function was 0.616, showing an excellent agreement between the predicted and experimental values. The cylindrical morphology of the optimised cochleate was visualised, and laurdan spectroscopy confirmed the dehydrated membrane interface, showing an increased generalised polarisation value (approximately 0.5) over small unilamellar vesicle of RVP (RVP-SUV; approximately 0.1). The optimised cochleate showed greater resistance to pancreatic enzyme than RVP-SUV. RVP was released in a controlled manner, achieving approximately 94% release in 12 h. Following oral administration in rats, the optimised cochleate improved the relative bioavailability of RVP by approximately 274%, 255%, and 172% compared to RVP suspension, a physical mixture of RVP and the cochleate, and RVP-SUV, respectively. Thus, the optimised cochleate formulation might be a good candidate for the practical development of RVP.

BACKGROUND: Low-frequency variants play an important role in breast cancer (BC) susceptibility. Gene-based methods can increase power by combining multiple variants in the same gene and help identify target genes. METHODS: We evaluated the potential of gene-based aggregation in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium cohorts including 83,471 cases and 59,199 controls. Low-frequency variants were aggregated for individual genes' coding and regulatory regions. Association results in European ancestry samples were compared to single-marker association results in the same cohort. Gene-based associations were also combined in meta-analysis across individuals with European, Asian, African, and Latin American and Hispanic ancestry. RESULTS: In European ancestry samples, 14 genes were significantly associated (q < 0.05) with BC. Of those, two genes, FMNL3 (P = 6.11 × 10-6) and AC058822.1 (P = 1.47 × 10-4), represent new associations. High FMNL3 expression has previously been linked to poor prognosis in several other cancers. Meta-analysis of samples with diverse ancestry discovered further associations including established candidate genes ESR1 and CBLB. Furthermore, literature review and database query found further support for a biologically plausible link with cancer for genes CBLB, FMNL3, FGFR2, LSP1, MAP3K1, and SRGAP2C. CONCLUSIONS: Using extended gene-based aggregation tests including coding and regulatory variation, we report identification of plausible target genes for previously identified single-marker associations with BC as well as the discovery of novel genes implicated in BC development. Including multi ancestral cohorts in this study enabled the identification of otherwise missed disease associations as ESR1 (P = 1.31 × 10-5), demonstrating the importance of diversifying study cohorts.

Background Low-frequency variants play an important role in breast cancer (BC) susceptibility. Gene-based methods can increase power by combining multiple variants in the same gene and help identify target genes. Methods We evaluated the potential of gene-based aggregation in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium cohorts including 83,471 cases and 59,199 controls. Low-frequency variants were aggregated for individual genes’ coding and regulatory regions. Association results in European ancestry samples were compared to single-marker association results in the same cohort. Gene-based associations were also combined in meta-analysis across individuals with European, Asian, African, and Latin American and Hispanic ancestry. Results In European ancestry samples, 14 genes were significantly associated (q FMNL3 (P = 6.11 × 10−6) and AC058822.1 (P = 1.47 × 10−4), represent new associations. High FMNL3 expression has previously been linked to poor prognosis in several other cancers. Meta-analysis of samples with diverse ancestry discovered further associations including established candidate genes ESR1 and CBLB. Furthermore, literature review and database query found further support for a biologically plausible link with cancer for genes CBLB, FMNL3, FGFR2, LSP1, MAP3K1, and SRGAP2C. Conclusions Using extended gene-based aggregation tests including coding and regulatory variation, we report identification of plausible target genes for previously identified single-marker associations with BC as well as the discovery of novel genes implicated in BC development. Including multi ancestral cohorts in this study enabled the identification of otherwise missed disease associations as ESR1 (P = 1.31 × 10−5), demonstrating the importance of diversifying study cohorts.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-psp-10.1177_01461672231182852 for Asymmetric Effects of Holding Power Versus Status: Implications for Motivation and Group Dynamics by Ji Sok Choi, Seungbeom Hong, Jinkyung Na and Bo Kyung Kim in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-psp-10.1177_01461672231182852 for Asymmetric Effects of Holding Power Versus Status: Implications for Motivation and Group Dynamics by Ji Sok Choi, Seungbeom Hong, Jinkyung Na and Bo Kyung Kim in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

Additional file 1: Supplementary tables and figures.

Low-frequency variants play an important role in breast cancer (BC) susceptibility. Gene-based methods can increase power by combining multiple variants in the same gene and help identify target genes. We evaluated the potential of gene-based aggregation in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium cohorts including 83,471 cases and 59,199 controls. Low-frequency variants were aggregated for individual genes' coding and regulatory regions. Association results in European ancestry samples were compared to single-marker association results in the same cohort. Gene-based associations were also combined in meta-analysis across individuals with European, Asian, African, and Latin American and Hispanic ancestry. In European ancestry samples, 14 genes were significantly associated (q

Additional file 1: Supplement figure. Comparative hazard ratio of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events between non-elevated hs-cTnI and elevated hs-cTnI groups in each subgroup.

Background. Postural instability has been identified as a fall risk factor with a significant impact on the quality of life of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The aim of this study was to compare the center of pressure (COP) between faller and nonfaller patients with PD during static standing. Methods. Thirty-two faller patients and 32 nonfaller patients with PD participated in this study. All patients performed the static balance test on a force plate. COP data were recorded during quiet standing. Mean distance, sway area, mean velocity, mean frequency, and peak power were derived from the COP data. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-tests to compare faller and nonfaller patients. Results. Fallers presented a greater average distance, wider sway area, faster average speed, and greater peak power than nonfallers (p 0.05). Conclusions. Although falls occur during dynamic activities, our study demonstrated that even a safe and simple static postural balance test could significantly differentiate between faller and nonfaller patients. Thus, these results suggest that quantitatively assessed static postural sway variables would be useful for distinguishing prospective fallers among PD patients.

To enhance the oral bioavailability of atorvastatin calcium (ATV), a novel solidified micelle (S-micelle) was developed. Two surfactants, Gelucire 48/16 (G48) and Tween 20 (T20), were employed for micelle formation, and two solid carriers (SC), Florite PS-10 (FLO) and Vivapur 105 (VP105), were selected as solid carriers. The S-micelle was optimized using a Box-Behnken design with three independent variables, including G48:T20 (X1, 1.8:1), SC:G48 + T20 (X2, 0.65:1), and FLO:VP105 (X3, 1.4:0.6), resulting in a droplet size (Y1) of 198.4 nm, dissolution efficiency at 15 min in the pH 1.2 medium (Y2) of 47.6%, Carr’s index (Y3) of 16.9, and total quantity (Y4) of 562.5 mg. The optimized S-micelle resulted in good correlation showing percentage prediction values less than 10%. The optimized S-micelle formed a nanosized dispersion in the aqueous phase, with a higher dissolution rate than raw ATV and crushed Lipitor®. The optimized S-micelle improved the relative bioavailability of oral ATV (25 mg equivalent/kg) in rats by approximately 509 and 271% compared to raw ATV and crushed Lipitor®, respectively. In conclusion, the optimized S-micelle possesses great potential for the development of solidified formulations for improved oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs.

Plant viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens, and most depend on insect vectors for transmission between plants. Viral infection causes various physiological and metabolic changes in host traits, which subsequently influence the behavior and fitness of the insect vectors. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), one of the most widespread pathogens in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), is transmitted by aphid vectors in a non-persistent manner. Here, we examined whether CMV infection in pepper affects the behavior of aphid vectors (Myzus persicae and Aphis glycines) in pepper. Aphid preference test revealed that significantly more aphids were attracted to CMV-infected pepper plants than to healthy plants. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed a significant activation of the ethylene biosynthesis pathway in CMV-infected pepper plants. Indeed, gas chromatography analysis demonstrated that ethylene emission was significantly increased by CMV infection in pepper plants. Elevated ethylene emission in ethephon-treated healthy pepper increased their attractiveness to aphids. In contrast, aphid preference decreased after chemical inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis in CMV-infected pepper plants. Our results suggest that the ethylene emitted by CMV infection is a volatile cue that regulates the attractiveness of pepper plants to M. persicae and A. glycines.

Care multiplicity, defined here as more than one concurrent early childhood education (ECE) experience, is common among children attending Head Start (HS). Yet, we know little about who experiences it nor what effects such experiences have for children’s school performance. Understanding HS children’s utilization of other publicly-funded center-based ECE programs has particular policy relevance given the capacity of such information to inform systematic collaboration and coordination to improve outcomes. For over three decades Iowa has invested in coordinated early childhood services, including universal state-funded preschool, a comprehensive two-generation program for low-income families, and an integrated data system (IDS) designed to use administrative data in a systematic approach for social problem solving and continuous quality improvement through data-driven decision-making. Capitalizing on these investments, this study will integrate and/or merge sets of state-level administrative data: (1) 16 to 17 enrollment and attendance datasets from Iowa’s 18 HS grantees (16 dataset received and 1 pending); (2) Vital Statistics birth records from the Iowa Department of Public Health (IDPH); (3) preschool enrollment, kindergarten and grade 1 school records from the Iowa Department of Education (IDE); (4) Child Care Assistant (CCA) records from the Iowa Department of Health Services (IDHS); (5) Teaching Strategies GOLD preschool assessments from the IDE; and (6) Head Start Program Collaboration Survey data from the Iowa HS State Collaboration Office. Using integrated data, this study will provide the following information about Iowa’s children who attended HS: (1) patterns of care multiplicity; (2) child and family characteristics relating to care multiplicity experiences; (3) effects of care multiplicity on children’s school performance (risk vs. on-target status) at kindergarten and first grade; and (4) the role of program partnership between HS and co-serving ECE programs on school performance. Our analytical sample differ for each research question (RQ). Our study sample for RQ 1 will represent children who attended HS a year prior to kindergarten in 2016-17 or 2017-18 (SY 2017 and 2018; N expected = 5,408 or more). RQ 2 will include children who were born in Iowa and attended HS a year prior to be kindergarten eligible SY 2017 and 2018 (N expected = 4,204 or more). RQs 3 and 4 will represent children who were born in Iowa, attended HS the year prior to kindergarten and attended kindergarten in Iowa in SY 2017 and 2018 (N expected = 3,750 or more). Analytic approaches include basic descriptive statistics as well as logistic regression and propensity score analysis to address selection bias in ECE programs.

시간의 흐름 속에서 불변하는 것을 찾기는 어렵다. 언어도 시간적 한계를 벗어날 수 없으며 언어 사용자의 경험과 함께 연속적인 시간의 흐름 안에 그 역사를 만들어 나아가고 있다. 자연 언어의 어휘는 그것이 존재하는 시간적 환경에 가장 직접적인 영향을 받는다. 우리는 본고에서 삶의 과정에 따라 단어가 겪게 되는 단계별 변화상과 단어의 정체성에 대해 시간성을 전제로 논의해 보고자 한다. 현재 사용되는 어휘와 관련하여 새로운 것과 존속하는 것 그리고 오래된 것을 규정하고 구분하는 데 필요한 여러 개념을 살펴볼 것이다. 신조어나 고어가 현상적 결과로서 언어 변화의 단면을 뚜렷하게 보여주는 반면에 단어가 생성되고 사라지는 현상 자체를 이해하고 현상을 규정하는 기준을 마련하는 것은 대체로 모호하다. 본고에서는 어휘를 추상적인 차원에서 구체적인 차원으로 실재하게 해주는 언어 사전이 단어의 삶에서 단계별로 나타내는 역할을 활용하여 이러한 현상을 살펴봄으로써 이론적인 관점과 실용적인 관점에서 야기되는 개념적 혼란을 경감시켜보고자 한다.

Aims: This study aims to elucidate the structural difference and biochemical properties of bioactive compounds of microalgal biomasses. Background : The structural difference and biochemical properties of bioactive compounds termed as water-soluble macromolecules (WSMs) are interested in evaluating their biological activities. Methods: This study was performed to elucidate the structural difference and biochemical properties of bioactive compounds termed as water-soluble macromolecules (WSMs) isolated from defatted microalgal biomasses of Botryococcus braunii and Dunaliella tertiolecta. Results: The compositional analysis of both WSMs revealed that WSM-Bb is a hetero-macromolecule consisting of various monosaccharides, whereas WSM-Dt was characterized as a homo-macromolecule that mainly consists of glucose. Interestingly, WSM-Bb showed the significant tyrosinase inhibitory activity with the increase of both the concentration and reaction time. Whereas, there was no significant inhibitory activity observed by WSM-Dt. Conclusion: Inhibitory action of WSM-Bb toward both tyrosinase and tyrosine in the either simultaneous or separate reaction may be mainly due to the physical affinity of WSM-Bb. These results emphasize the identification of the primary components of these WSMs and their relevance with the antioxidant function.

BACKGROUND: Predict Breast (www.predict.nhs.uk) is an online prognostication and treatment benefit tool for early invasive breast cancer. The aim of this study was to incorporate the prognostic effect of progesterone receptor (PR) status into a new version of PREDICT and to compare its performance to the current version (2.2). METHOD: The prognostic effect of PR status was based on the analysis of data from 45,088 European patients with breast cancer from 49 studies in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratio for PR status. Data from a New Zealand study of 11,365 patients with early invasive breast cancer were used for external validation. Model calibration and discrimination were used to test the model performance. RESULTS: Having a PR-positive tumour was associated with a 23% and 28% lower risk of dying from breast cancer for women with oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative and ER-positive breast cancer, respectively. The area under the ROC curve increased with the addition of PR status from 0.807 to 0.809 for patients with ER-negative tumours (p = 0.023) and from 0.898 to 0.902 for patients with ER-positive tumours (p = 2.3 × 10-6) in the New Zealand cohort. Model calibration was modest with 940 observed deaths compared to 1151 predicted. CONCLUSION: The inclusion of the prognostic effect of PR status to PREDICT Breast has led to an improvement of model performance and more accurate absolute treatment benefit predictions for individual patients. Further studies should determine whether the baseline hazard function requires recalibration.

Background: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis (AAGN) is a common cause of rapidly pro gressive glomerulonephritis and requires prompt and proper immunosuppressive therapy to improve renal prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of two different classifications for renal outcomes in Korean AAGN patients. Methods: Ninety-two patients who were diagnosed with AAGN at two tertiary hospitals between 2004 and 2018 were retrospectively analyzed retrospectively. The histopathologic classification according to glomerular pathology and the clinicopathologic classification according to normal glomeruli ratio, degree of interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy, and baseline renal function were evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Forty-five patients (48.9%) progressed to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) during the observation period. The mean age was 61.0 ± 15.3 years, and most patients had myeloperoxidase-ANCA (93.5%). In the histopathologic classification, the best renal survival occurred in the focal class, whereas the sclerotic class had the worst renal survival (sclerotic class vs. focal class; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 5.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32-19.31; p = 0.018). The mixed class had intermediate renal outcomes (mixed class vs. focal class; aHR, 4.23; 95% CI, 1.23-14.58; p = 0.022). In the clinicopathologic classification, the high-risk group had poor renal outcomes compared with the low-risk group (aHR, 6.56; 95% CI, 1.25-34.26; p = 0.026), but renal outcomes did not differ between the low- and medium-risk groups. Conclusion: In Korean AAGN patients, histopathologic and clinicopathologic classifications had predictive value for renal outcomes, especially in the sclerotic class or the high-risk group with higher risk of progression to ESKD despite treatment.

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical features and the clinical factors associated with prognosis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) in diabetic patients.Subjects and Methods: Forty-nine diabetic with unilateral SSNHL were retrospectively included. All patients received systemic high dose steroid therapy within one month after onset and had more than one month of follow-up audiogram. The basic characteristics of the patients, initial and follow-up audiograms, laboratory data, and methods of steroid treatment were collected.Results: Compared to reference values in healthy subjects, 79%, 55%, and 45% of the patients had higher values of mean neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), respectively. Older patients had significantly less degree of hearing loss, but they also had significantly worse hearing thresholds in the unaffected ear. After steroid treatment, less than half patients (47%) showed hearing recovery. Simultaneous intratympanic dexamethasone (ITD) injections with systemic steroid did not confer an additional hearing gain or an earlier recovery rate in diabetic patients with SSNHL. In the multivariate analysis, initial hearing thresholds of affected ear and timing of steroid treatment were significantly associated with hearing prognosis in diabetic patients with SSNHL.Conclusions: Diabetic patients with SSNHL tended to have increased NLR, LMR, and PLR, which are reported to be associated with microvascular angiopathy. Simultaneous ITD injections to improve hearing recovery in diabetic patients with SSNHL seems unnecessary.

Soo Min Son,1 Eun-Ju Park,1 Young Hye Cho,1 Sang Yeoup Lee,1 Jung-In Choi,1 Young-In Lee,1 Yun Jin Kim,2 Jeong Gyu Lee,2 Yu Hyeon Yi,2 Young Jin Tak,2 Hye Rim Hwang,2 Seung-Hun Lee,2 Ryuk Jun Kwon,1 Choongrak Kim3 1Family Medicine Clinic and Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, South Korea; 2Department of Family Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 626-770, South Korea; 3Department of Statistics Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South KoreaCorrespondence: Eun-Ju ParkMedical of Family Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612 Tel +82-55-360-2140Fax +82-55-360-2170Email everblue124@hanmail.netBackground: Many researchers have identified that adequate sleep duration is linked to the quality of life and metabolic diseases. Nowadays, it is hard to take enough sleep, so weekend catch-up sleep (CUS) may be an alternative option in modern society. To our knowledge, no previous studies reported the association between weekend CUS and metabolic syndrome, especially in the Korean population.Objective: We investigated the association between weekend CUS and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults (≥ 20 years old) with less than 6 hours of average weekday sleep.Patients and Methods: A total of 1,453 individuals were selected from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Weekend CUS was divided into four categories: ≤ 0 hour, 0– 1 hour, 1– 2 hours, and ≥ 2 hours. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.Results: Participants with weekend CUS ≥ 1 hour had decreased risk of metabolic syndrome in univariate analysis (CUS 1– 2 hours: OR: 0.413, 95% CI: 0.301– 0.568; CUS ≥ 2 hours: OR: 0.382, 95% CI 0.296– 0.493). Weekend CUS 1– 2 hours reduced the risk of metabolic syndrome in multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR: 0.552, 95% CI: 0.369– 0.823). Based on the age group analysis, weekend CUS ≥ 1 hour reduced the metabolic syndrome among those aged 20– 39 and 40– 65 (20– 39: CUS 1– 2 hours OR: 0.248, 95% CI: 0.078– 0.783, CUS ≥ 2 hours OR: 0.374, 95% CI: 0.141– 0.991; 40– 65: CUS 1– 2 hours OR: 0.507, 95% CI 0.309– 0.832 CUS ≥ 2 hours OR: 0.638, 95% CI: 0.415– 0.981).Conclusion: Weekend CUS was associated with a low risk of metabolic syndrome among Korean adults with sleep restriction.Keywords: sleep recovery, sleep deprivation, metabolic syndrome, insulin sensitivity

본 연구의 목적은 주민이 참여하는 복지사각지대 발굴활동 양상을 파악하는 것이다. 포커스그룹 인터뷰를 통하여 자료를 수집하였으며, 개방코딩과 축코딩을 통하여 내용분석하였다. 중심현상은 ‘어려운 이웃을 찾고 살피는 구체적인 활동전개’로 분석되었으며, ‘각양각색 느슨한 모습으로 만들어진 인적자원망’이 인과적 조건, ‘인적자원망에 대한 복잡한 이해’가 맥락적 조건으로 파악되었다. 중재적 조건은 ‘인적자원망의 실효성과 지속가능성 확보’, 작용/상호작용 전략은 ‘적극적인 주민의 역량강화 지원’, 결과는 ‘주민의 지역복지활동 토대형성’으로 도출되었다. 연구결과를 토대로 주민이 참여하는 복지사각지대 발굴활동의 의의와 한계, 인적자원망 운영 활성화방안을 논의하였다.

Background: Hyperbilirubinemia and hypoalbuminemia are frequently appeared and associated with poor prognosis in critically ill patients. We aim to evaluate the association between the bilirubin to albumin ratio and prognosis in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 731 patients who were admitted to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) at a tertiary-care center from July 2015 to September 2017. We analyzed the bilirubin to albumin ratio on admission to the MICU, including clinical characteristics and other examinations. Results: The overall 28-day survival of MICU patients was 69.1%. On univariate analysis, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score (P

Patients with a biopsy diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) may be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer after excision. We evaluated the preoperative clinical and imaging predictors of DCIS that were associated with an upgrade to invasive carcinoma on final pathology and also compared the diagnostic performance of various statistical models. We reviewed the medical records; including mammography, ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings; of 644 patients who were preoperatively diagnosed with DCIS and who underwent surgery between January 2012 and September 2018. Logistic regression and three machine learning methods were applied to predict DCIS underestimation. Among 644 DCIS biopsies, 161 (25%) underestimated invasive breast cancers. In multivariable analysis, suspicious axillary lymph nodes (LNs) on US (odds ratio [OR], 12.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.94–29.95; P P = 0.003) were associated with underestimation. Cases with biopsy performed using vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.27–0.65; P P = 0.021) and MRI (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.09–0.94; P = 0.037) were less likely to be upgraded. No significant differences in performance were observed between logistic regression and machine learning models. Our results suggest that biopsy device, high nuclear grade, presence of suspicious axillary LN on US, and lesion size on mammography or MRI were independent predictors of DCIS underestimation.

Increasing public investments in early childhood education (ECE) means that US children are more commonly attending some type of ECE program before age 5. Yet, we know little about how myriad public ECE programs are utilized, who experiences them, nor what effects such experiences have on diverse groups of children’s school performance. Focusing on children attending Head Start (HS), this proposed project aims to identify patterns and outcomes of HS children’s additional public ECE utilization before, during, and after HS participation. For over three decades, Iowa has invested in coordinated early childhood services across public health, education, HS, and child welfare. These efforts also include a comprehensive integrated data system (IDS) designed to use administrative data in stakeholder-engaged inquiry processes to inform data-driven decisions and continuous quality improvement. Iowa’s Integrated Data System for Decision-Making (I2D2) was first used to for a comprehensive statewide needs assessment with funding from a Preschool Development Grant B-5 (PDG). Recently, with funding from ACF’s secondary data analysis grant program, initial investments were expanded to include integrated HS enrollment records and ECE partnership data to study HS children’s multiple, concurrent care utilization one year before kindergarten (K). Capitalizing on these investments and the momentum of using I2D2 for ECE policy research, this project will expand the prior project by adding additional data (Early Head Start [EHS], more comprehensive demographic information, and longitudinal school performance records) to the representative K cohort dataset involving over 27,000 children in Iowa. We will focus on a subsample from this population of children who attended HS any of the two years before entering K in SY2016-17 or SY2017-18 (expected N = 5,780). First, we will study HS children’s participation in other public ECE programs by identifying (1) the sequential patterns of EHS/HS utilization during the infant/toddler and preschool years (0-5 years) and (2) concurrent and sequential utilization of other public ECE programs during the preschool years (3-5 years). Then, we will examine how such ECE utilization patterns differ by child and family characteristics, and how ECE utilization patterns differently predict school outcomes for diverse children based on race/ethnicity, home language, residential area (urbanicity), and poverty status. Analytic approaches include basic descriptive statistics, multiple regression, logistic regression, and latent profile analysis.

Objective To investigate longitudinal changes in language function in left-hemispheric ischemic stroke patients as well as factors that influence language recovery until 1 year after stroke onset. Methods We analyzed data from 235 patients with first-ever left-hemispheric ischemic stroke. All patients completed the Korean version of the Frenchay Aphasia Screening Test (K-FAST) at 7 days (T1), 3 months (T2), 6 months (T3), and 1 year (T4) after stroke onset. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to investigate changes in language function between time points. Subgroup analysis was performed according to the K-FAST scores at T1. Stroke lesion volume was assessed using diffusion tensor images, and involvement of language-related brain regions was examined. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze factors influencing improvement of K-FAST score. Results The K-FAST scores at T1, T2, T3, and T4 differed significantly (p