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Additional file 1: Figure S1. Dendrogram of the peanut panel based on genotypic data. Figure S2. Frequency distribution of relative kinship coefficient in 99 peanut accessions. Figure S3. (A) QQ plots for shell infection index (SLII) in 2018 and 2019. (B) Manhattan plots for SLII in 2018 and 2019. Figure S4. (A) QQ plots for seed infection index (SDII) from 2014 to 2016. (B) Manhattan plots for SDII from 2014 to 2016. Figure S5. 0-8 scale for resistance screening of peanut pod.

A numerical modelling method for lockbolted lap connections of aluminium alloy plates is studied based on experimental tests. The mechanical properties and constitutive models of aluminium alloy 6061-T6 and stainless steel 304HC were intensively determined by tensile tests. A tensile test of a single-lockbolted lap connection was conducted to obtain its elongation and strain responses. A basic numerical model that considers the lockbolt preload, interface contact and friction, and gaps between the lockbolt and bolt hole was established to simulate the tensile behaviours of this connection. This model was updated to minimize errors between the numerical and test results, and values for the friction coefficients of different contact surfaces were suggested. To improve the accuracy and efficiency of the numerical analysis, an incompatible mode solid element was adopted in the numerical model. It was determined to be better than refining the mesh or accepting a higher-precision element type. This numerical modelling method was investigated by two types of double-lockbolted connections, and its validity was verified by comparing the displacement and strain responses between the numerical and test models. The modelling method suggested in this paper is applicable for simulating the mechanical behaviours of complicated joints with lockbolted lap connections.

This paper describes a newly developed negative Gaussian cable-strut structure. It focuses on the fracture of a member using an experimental model and the corresponding vector form intrinsic finite element (VFIFE) model. First, this study considered the VFIFE algorithm for bars, cables, and beams. Next, an experimental model of a negative Gaussian curvature cable dome with its supporting system and the corresponding VFIFE model were built. Then, the given ridge cable was fractured using a shear force, and the structural dynamic response during fracture was tested. Finally, to further study the influence of fracture on the structure, different sections of three main ridge cables were selected, and their fractures were successively simulated using the VFIFE model. The results indicated that the VFIFE was an efficient and accurate way to simulate the member fracture of a negative Gaussian curvature cable dome. Furthermore, the results confirmed that members in a section with a negative curvature not only have a much greater effect on the structure but also are much more sensitive to member fracture.

The study proposes the control equation of feasible pre-stresses and the corresponding solving algorithm, and verifies three new types of rotating surface cable domes. First, the study takes that the structural displacements are zero as the control equation of feasible pre-stresses, and proposes a novel solving algorithm based on that target values of structural displacements are zero. Second, the study develops three new types of cable domes with different rotating surfaces, which have different Gaussian curvature. And then their feasibility in nature are verified through determining their feasible pre-stresses using the solving algorithm. Last, their ultimate bearing capacity under full and half-span vertical loads are investigated. The results indicate that the solving algorithm can determine the feasible pre-stresses efficiently and accurately, and three new cable domes proposed in the study are feasible in nature, and they have sufficient stiffness to bear external loads. The appearance of the three new rotating surface cable domes extends the cable domes from the traditional positive Gaussian curvature to the zero Gaussian and negative Gaussian curvature.

Hog deer (Axis porcinus) is a small deer species in family Cervidae and has been undergoing a serious and global decline during the past decades. Chengdu Zoo currently holds a captive population of hog deer with sufficient genetic diversity in China. We sequenced and de novo assembled its genome sequence in the present study. A total of six different insert-size libraries were sequenced and generated 395 Gb of clean data in total. With aid of the linked reads of 10X Genomics, genome sequence was assembled to 2.72 Gb in length (contig N50, 66.04 Kb; scaffold N50, 20.55 Mb), in which 94.5% of expected genes were detected. We comprehensively annotated 22,473 protein-coding genes, 37,019 tRNAs, and 1,058 Mb repeated sequences. The newly generated reference genome is expected to significantly contribute to comparative analysis of genome biology and evolution within family Cervidae. Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data (ISA-Tab format)

The system proposed in this study deals with pedestrian counting and detection in intelligent video surveillance systems. It is a hybrid of map-based and detection-based approaches, and combines the advantages of both. After the foreground objects being segmented, the map-based module, which implicitly compensates the perspective distortion by integrally projecting the features onto a given direction, is triggered to estimate the number of pedestrians in each foreground region. Then, a class-specific Hough forest is employed to locate individuals. Experimental results have validated our strategy. The proposed map-based module has the ability of accurately estimating the count for each region. Also, the estimation can speed up the process of locating individuals by providing cues like the number of targets and the approximate size of each target. The proposed detection-based module not only locates pedestrians, but deals with enhancing the accuracy of the counting as well.

Effects of discharge mode, voltage applied, size of the nozzle discharge electrode and flow rate of water on the generation of hydroxyl radical were investigated in air discharge with atomized water, by using optical emission spectroscopy (OES). Water was injected into the discharge region through the discharge nozzle electrode, and a large amount of fine water drops, formed and distributed in the discharge region, were observed. It was found that negative DC corona discharge was more effective to generate the hydroxyl radicals in comparison to positive DC corona discharge or negative pulsed discharge. A larger outer diameter of the nozzle electrode or a stronger electric field is beneficial for hydroxyl-radical generation. Moreover, there is a critical value in the flow rate of atomized water against the discharge voltage. Below this critical value, hydroxyl-radical generation increases with the increase in flow rate of the water, while above this value, it decreases. In addition, it is observed that OES from the discharge is mainly in the ultraviolet domain. The results are helpful in the study of the mechanism and application of plasma in pollution-control in either air or water.

The novel strain-driven morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) in highly-strained BiFeO3 thin film is featured by ordered mixed phase nanodomains (MPNs). Through scanning probe microscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction, eight structural variants of the MPNs are identified. Detailed polarization configurations within the MPNs are resolved using angular-dependent piezoelectric force microscopy. Guided by the obtained results, deterministic manipulation of the MPNs has been demonstrated by controlling the motion of the local probe. These findings are important for in-depth understanding of the ultrahigh electromechanical response arising from phase transformation between competing phases, enabling future explorations on the electronic structure, magnetoelectricity and other functionalities in this new MPB system., 27 pages, 8 figures

In this paper, An AC/DC (alternating current, direct current) current sensing method is proposed to detect the current from DC to several kilohertz (kHz) with wide sensing range and low power consumption. A novel adaptive magnetic modulation technology with double feedback properties is applied to modulate the current. And a simplified demodulation method, involving an 8th order low pass Butterworth filter is designed to measure the current. One typical application of this method is the detection of residual current for type B RCD (residual current device) complying with IEC60947-2, in which the residual current of sinusoidal AC, pulsating DC and smooth DC should be detected to protect person and machine. The type B RCD with the current sensing method characterizes wide current sensing range, low power consumption and high current measurement accuracy.

The as-grown polarizations of Mn- and Ti-doped Bi0.9La0.1FeO3 thin films (BLFMn and BLFTi) are demonstrated to align in an upward direction due to the occurrence of an internal bias field Ei that points up. On the basis of the conductivity and XPS as well as leakage current measurements, Ei in BLFMn is attributed to an asymmetric distribution of charged defects, while the elevated Fermi level and broadened positively charged depletion zone are supposed to induce Ei in BLFTi. The different physical origins of Ei are intimately connected with the nature of aliovalent acceptor and donor dopants of Mn and Ti ions, which is further verified by the consistent voltage offsets in the piezoelectric hysteresis loops. This suggests an effective way to control the polarity of ferroelectric thin films through the tuning of chemical doping levels.

In this paper, a new type of air core current transformer (Rogowski coil) for easily industrialized application is introduced. Based on the analysis of the working principle of air core current transformer with separate coils, a design method called error balance method (EBM) is proposed by considering the adjacent interference and sensitivity to the position variation of the conductor carrying primary current. The improved performance of the new type of air core current transformer is validated by both simulation and test results.

Recent major trends in the developing world, from the spectacular growth of Islamic fundamentalism in Muslim countries to the rapid ascendancy of Confucian nationalism in East Asia, all demonstrate clearly that culture and cultural identities have become the driving force in global politics today. The theory and practice of hegemony arose as a state-centered solution to the prevalence of liberal deformation across the peripheral world. While contemporary cultural nationalists find in the developmental state a viable alternative to the Western model of liberal modernity, Marxist "state-builders" conceived of such a statist model precisely as what is the problem at issue. This chapter examines the theoretical implications of this Tradition by taking a closer look at the nature of the problematic of peripheral justice. At the core of this problem is an intrinsic linkage between liberalism and eurocentricism, or to put it more dramatically, the liberal logic of eurocentricism . Keywords: Confucian Marxism; hegemony; liberalism

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Traditional product data mining methods are mainly focused on the static data. Performance requirements are generally met as possible by finding some cases and changing their structures. However, when one is satisfied with the structures changed, the other effects are not taken into account by analyzing the correlations; that is, design conflicts are not identified and resolved. An approach to resolving the conflict problems is proposed based on propagation analysis in Extension Theory. Firstly, the extension distance is improved to better fit evaluating the similarity among cases, then, a case retrieval method is developed. Secondly, the transformations that can be made on selected cases are formulated by understanding the conflict natures in the different performance requirements, which leads to the extension transformation strategy development for coordinating conflicts using propagation analysis. Thirdly, the effects and levels of propagation are determined by analyzing the performance values before and after the transformations, thus the co-existing conflict coordination strategy of multiple performances is developed. The method has been implemented in a working prototype system for supporting decision-making. And it has been demonstrated the feasible and effective through resolving the conflicts of noise, exhaust, weight and intake pressure for the screw air compressor performance design.