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Background and aims: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic pulmonary vascular disorder characterized by elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP). Right heart failure is a life-threatening complication of PAH and predicts a poor prognosis. PAH associated with congenital heart disease (PAH-CHD) and idiopathic PAH (IPAH) are two prevalent PAH subtypes in China. In this section, we set out to explore baseline right ventricular (RV) function and its response to targeted agents between IPAH and PAH-CHD.Methods and results: Consecutive patients diagnosed with IPAH or PAH-CHD by right heart catheterization (RHC) in the Second Xiangya Hospital from November 2011 to June 2020 were included. All patients received PAH-targeted therapy and the RV function was assessed by echocardiography at baseline and during follow-up. A total of 303 patients (age, 36.23 ± 13.10 years; women, 213 (70.3%); mean PAP [mPAP], 63.54 ± 16.12 mmHg; PVR, 14.74 ± 7.61 WU) with IPAH (n = 121) or PAH-CHD (n = 182) were included in this study. Compared with PAH-CHD, patients with IPAH had worse baseline RV function. As of the latest follow-up, forty-nine patients with IPAH and six patients with PAH-CHD died. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed better survival in PAH-CHD versus IPAH. After PAH-targeted therapy, patients with IPAH had less improvement in 6 MWD, World Health Organization functional class, and RV functional parameters compared with patients with PAH-CHD.Conclusion: Compared with patients with PAH-CHD, patients with IPAH had worse baseline RV function, unfavourable prognosis, and inadequate response to targeted treatment.

Leucoma salicis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Figs 1, 19) Phalaena salicis Linnaeus, 1758: 502; Fueszli, 1775: 35. Liparis salicis: Ochsenheimer, 1810: 198. Laria salicis: Meigen, 1832: 4. Stilpnotia salicis: Humphreys & Westwood, 1841: 90; Swinhoe, 1922: 462; Chao, 1978: 52. Leucoma salicis: Ballion, 1864: 368; Chao, 2003: 284; Zahiri et al., 2012: 107; Wang et al., 2015: 583. Stilpnotia nigripennata Staudinger, 1900: 338; Swinhoe, 1922: 462. Leucoma salicis ab. rubicunda Strand, 1901: 285. Stilpnotia salicis ab. nigrociliata Fuchs, 1903: 71. Stilpnotia doii Matsumura, 1927: 38. Stilpnotia salicis ab. n. neumanni Bandermann, 1929: 340. Leucoma salicis ab. radiosa Smith, 1954: 97. Leucoma salicis f. infranigricosta Lempke, 1959: 123. Diagnosis. The species is similar to L. candida (Staudinger, 1892) in appearance, but can be easily distinguished from the latter by the main stem of antennae white, without black-brown stripes. It is also similar to both L. candida and L. sartus (Erschoff, 1874) in male genitalia, but can be separated from the latter two by its aedeagus with a sclerotized plate on vesica. Material examined. 1♂, Daxinganling Hanma National Nature Reserve, Jinhe County, Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia, 15.VII.2017, leg Z.P. Miao. 3♂, Gu village, Bomi County, Nyingchi City, Tibet, 28.VII.2017, leg. M. Wang. 1♂, Yigong village, Bomi County, Nyingchi City, Tibet, 14.VII.2017, leg. M. Wang. 1♂, Beitun County, Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang, 15.VII.2012, leg. L.S. Chen. Distribution. China (Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Gansu, Xinjiang, Tibet), Mongolia, Korea, Japan, Russia, Europe, North America., Published as part of Xie, Linzhe, Wang, Ming, Chen, Yusi & Wang, Houshuai, 2022, Review of the genus Leucoma H��bner, 1822 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 361-380 in Zootaxa 5115 (3) on page 363, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6358370, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. Per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines Genera Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Vol. 1. 10 th Edition. Laurentii Slavii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Ochsenheimer, F. (1810) Die Schmetterlinge von Europa 3. Dritter Band. Nachtschmetterlinge (Bombyx et Noctua Linn. Bombyx, Cossus, Hepialus, Phycis, Lithosia). Gerhard Fleischer dem Jungeren, Leipzig, 467 pp.","Meigen, J. W. (1832) Systematische Beschreibung der Europaischen Schmetterlinge 3. Jacob Anton Mayer, Aachen and Leipzig, 276 pp.","Swinhoe, C. (1922) A revision of the genera of the family Liparidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 10, 10 (58), 449 - 484. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932208632795","Chao, C. L. (1978) Economic insect fauna of China. Fasc. 12. Lepidoptera Lymantriidae. Science Press, Beijing, 121 pp.","Ballion, E. (1864) Verzeichniss der in der nachsten Umgegend von Gorki in den Jahren 1860 - 1863 genfundenen Schmetter- linge. Bulletin de la Societe imperiale des naturalistes de Moscou, 37 (2), 349 - 382.","Chao, C. L. (2003) Lepidoptera Lymantriidae. Fauna Sinica. Insecta 30. Science Press, Beijing, 484 pp.","Zahiri, R., Holloway, J. D., Kitching, I. J., Lafontaine, J. D., Mutanen, M. & Wahlberg, N. (2012) Molecular phylogenetics of Erebidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea). Systematic Entomology, 37 (1), 102 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2011.00607. x","Wang, H. S., Wahlberg, N., Holloway, J. D., Bergsten, J., Fan, X. L., Janzen, D. H., Hallwachs, W., Wen, L. J., Wang, M. & Nylin, S. (2015) Molecular phylogeny of Lymantriinae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea, Erebidae) inferred from eight gene regions. Cladistics, 31 (6), 579 - 592. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12108","Staudinger, O. (1900) Ueber Lepidopteren aus dem ostlichsten Thian Schan-Gebiet. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 12 (2), 331 - 351.","Strand, E. (1901) Beschreibung neuer Schmetterlingsformen aus Norwegen. Band 10. Schriften der naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Danzig, Neue Folge, 10, 285 - 286.","Fuchs, A. (1903) Korrekturen und Zusatze zur III. Auflage des neuen Staudinger-Kataloges, I. Teil. Jahrbucher des Nassauischen Vereins fur Naturkunde, 56, 65 - 74.","Matsumura, S. (1927) New species and subspecies of moths from Japanese Empire. Journal of the College of Agriculture, 19 (1), 1 - 91.","Bandermann, F., Halle, S. (1929) Stilpnotia salicis L. ab. neumanni Bandermann. Entomologischer Anzeiger, 9, 340 - 341. [https: // www. zobodat. at / pdf / EntAnz _ 9 _ 0340 - 0341. pdf]","Smith, G. S. (1954) Aberrations of British Lepidoptera. The Entomologist's record and journal of variation, 66, 97 - 98.","Lempke, B. J. (1959) Catalogus der Nederlandse Macrolepidoptera (Zesde Supplement). Tijdschr Entomological, 102 (1), 57 - 134.","Staudinger, O. (1892) Die Macrolepidopteren des Amurgebiets I. Theil. Rhopalocera, Sphinges, Bombyces, Noctuae. In: Romanoff, N. M. (Ed.), Memoirs sur les Lepidopteres 6. Imprimerie de M. M. Stassulewitch, St. Petersburg, pp. 83 - 658.","Erschoff, N. G. (1874) Cheshuekrylye (Lepidoptera). In: Fedtschenko. A. P., Puteshestvie v Turkestan [Journey to Turkestan]. Vol. 2. Part 5. Zoogeograficheskie issledovanija, St. Peterburg and Moskwa, pp. 1 - 128. [in Russian]"]}

Leucoma sartus (Erschoff, 1874) (Fig 3, 21) Ocneria sartus Erschoff, 1874: 36; Grum-Grshimailo, 1890: 560. Stilpnotia sartus: Staudinger & Rebel, 1901: 117; Swinhoe, 1922: 462; Chao, 1978: 56. Leucoma sartus: Kozhanchikov, 1950: 350; Chao, 2003: 293. Diagnosis. The species can be easily distinguished from its congeners by yellow brown forewings, and aedeagus with a cluster of sparse setae on vesica. Material examined. 1♂, Wild Fruit Forest Scenic Area, Xinyuan County, Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, 14.VII.2016, leg L.S. Chen. Distribution. China (Xinjiang), Russia., Published as part of Xie, Linzhe, Wang, Ming, Chen, Yusi & Wang, Houshuai, 2022, Review of the genus Leucoma H��bner, 1822 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 361-380 in Zootaxa 5115 (3) on page 364, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6358370, {"references":["Erschoff, N. G. (1874) Cheshuekrylye (Lepidoptera). In: Fedtschenko. A. P., Puteshestvie v Turkestan [Journey to Turkestan]. Vol. 2. Part 5. Zoogeograficheskie issledovanija, St. Peterburg and Moskwa, pp. 1 - 128. [in Russian]","Grum-Grshimailo, G. E. (1890) Le Pamir et sa faune lepidopterologique. In: Romanoff, N. M. (Ed.), Memoires sur les Lepidopteres. Vol. 4. Imprimerie de M. M. Stassulewitch, St. - Petersbourg, pp. 1 - 576.","Staudinger, O & Rebel, H. (1901) Catalog der Lepidopteren des palaearctischen Faunengebietes. Friedlander & Sohn, Berlin, 411 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 120482","Swinhoe, C. (1922) A revision of the genera of the family Liparidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 10, 10 (58), 449 - 484. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932208632795","Chao, C. L. (1978) Economic insect fauna of China. Fasc. 12. Lepidoptera Lymantriidae. Science Press, Beijing, 121 pp.","Kozhanchikov, I. V. (1950) Orgyidae. In: Stackelberg, A. A. (Eds.), Fauna of USSR, Insects, Lepidoptera. Vol. 12. USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow, pp. 1 - 582.","Chao, C. L. (2003) Lepidoptera Lymantriidae. Fauna Sinica. Insecta 30. Science Press, Beijing, 484 pp."]}

Leucoma sichuana Xie & H. Wang sp. nov. (Figs 17���18, 29, 35) Diagnosis. The new species resembles L. ochripes and L. niveata in male genitalia, but can be easily separated from the latter two by the following characters: labial palpus white; middle and hind tarsi wihte, mixed with pale yellow scales; the left valva nearly rectangle, with a tiny plate of setea on inner surface; the right valva broad at basal half, narrow at distal half, densely covered with setea on cucullus; saccus small. Description. Adult. Forewing length: 32���33mm in male holotype, 40���42mm in female paratypes. Head: Antennae bipectinate, fuscous; frons and vertex covered with white dense hairs; labial palpi white, short. Thorax: dorsally and ventrally covered with white scales, tegula white. Forewing white, R 1 and R 2 almost parallel, R 3, R 4 and R 5 stalked, M 1 arising from upper angle of discal cell, M 2 and M 3 arising from the lower angle of discal cell respectively, Cu 1 and Cu 2 approximately parallel, fringe white. Hind wing white; Rs and M 1 short stalked, M 2 and M 3 arising from the lower angle of discal cell respectively, fringe white. Legs densely covered with white hairs, except forelegs mixed with yellow scales. Male genitalia. Uncus triangular basally, digitate apically; tegumen broad; valvae strongly asymmetric, left valva approximately rectangle, its inner surface with a tiny plate of setae; the right valva broad at basal half, narrow at distal half, densely covered with setae on cucullus; saccus small; aedeagus short, distal gradually slightly curve toward distal; vesica sclerotized at base, without spines. Female genitalia. The anterior apophysis and the posterior apophysis almost equal in length; the ostium small; the ductus short, basally sclerotized; the bursa long oval-shaped, with a M-shaped signum. Material examined. Holotype: 1♂, Longcanggou National Forest Park, Yingjing County, Ya���an City, Sichuan, 2.VII.2016, leg. M. Wang. Paratypes: 1♀, same data as holotype; 1♀, same locality as the holotype, 31.VII.2015, leg. M. Wang. Distribution. China (Sichuan). Etymology. The species name after the type locality Sichuan Province., Published as part of Xie, Linzhe, Wang, Ming, Chen, Yusi & Wang, Houshuai, 2022, Review of the genus Leucoma H��bner, 1822 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 361-380 in Zootaxa 5115 (3) on pages 371-372, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6358370

Leucoma sericea (Moore, 1879) (Figs 13���14, 25, 33) Stilpnotia sericea Moore, 1879: 45; Chao, 1978: 55. Caviria sericea horridula Collenette, 1934a: 114. Leucoma sericea horridula: Collenette, 1938: 220. Leucoma horridula: Chao, 2003: 289. Leucoma sericea: Swinhoe, 1922: 460; Holloway, 1999: 108; Wang et al., 2015: 583. Diagnosis. The species resembles L. melanoscela in external characters, but can be clearly distinguished from the latter by the following characters: thorax with a pair of black spots dorsally; hid tarsi white; aedeagus broader distally; female genitalia with a shorter ductus. Material examined. 1♀, Emei mountain, Emeishan County, Leshan City, Sichuan, 20.VII.2020, leg. L.Z. Xie. 1♀, Mao���er mountain, Xing���an County, Guilin City, Guangxi, 10.VII.2020, leg. L.Z. Xie. 1♂, Beibeng Village, Medog County, Nyingchi City, Tibet, 14.VII.2017, leg. M. Wang. 4♂, Nanling National Nature Reserve, Ruyuan County, Shaoguan City, Guangdong, 1���4. VI.2016, leg. H.S. Wang. Distribution. China (Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Tibet) India, Malaysia., Published as part of Xie, Linzhe, Wang, Ming, Chen, Yusi & Wang, Houshuai, 2022, Review of the genus Leucoma H��bner, 1822 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 361-380 in Zootaxa 5115 (3) on page 369, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6358370, {"references":["Moore, F. (1879) Heterocera. In: Hewitson, W. C. & Moore, F. (Eds.), Descriptions of new Indian lepidopterous insects from the collection of the late Mr. W. S. Atkinson, M. A., F. I. S. & C. Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta. Issues 1 - 3. Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 5 - 299.","Chao, C. L. (1978) Economic insect fauna of China. Fasc. 12. Lepidoptera Lymantriidae. Science Press, Beijing, 121 pp.","Collenette, C. L. (1934 a) New Lymantriidae (Lep.) from Chekiang and Kiangsu, Eastern China. Stylops, 3 (5), 113 - 117. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1934. tb 01561. x","Collenette, C. L. (1938) On a collection of Lymantriidae (Heterocera) from China. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 7, 211 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1938. tb 01230. x","Chao, C. L. (2003) Lepidoptera Lymantriidae. Fauna Sinica. Insecta 30. Science Press, Beijing, 484 pp.","Swinhoe, C. (1922) A revision of the genera of the family Liparidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 10, 10 (58), 449 - 484. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932208632795","Holloway, J. D. (1999) The moths of Borneo [Part 5]: family Lymantriidae. Malayan Nature Journal, 53, 1 - 188.","Wang, H. S., Wahlberg, N., Holloway, J. D., Bergsten, J., Fan, X. L., Janzen, D. H., Hallwachs, W., Wen, L. J., Wang, M. & Nylin, S. (2015) Molecular phylogeny of Lymantriinae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea, Erebidae) inferred from eight gene regions. Cladistics, 31 (6), 579 - 592. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12108"]}

Leucoma impressa (Snellen, 1877) (Holloway, 1999: Plate 12, Fig. 290) Euzora impressa Snellen, 1877: 8. Caragola impressa: Strand, 1915: 313. Pendria impressa: Swinhoe, 1922: 461. Caviria impressa: Collenette, 1932: 57; Collenette, 1934b: 139. Stilpnotia impressa: Chao, 1978: 56. Leucoma impressa: Holloway, 1982: 79, 1999: 110; Chao, 2003: 292. Diagnosis. The species can be easily differentiated from its cloesly related species by pectionations of antennae pale tawny, forewings with two parallel white oblique bands, and the right valva bifid terminally. Distribution. China (Jiangxi, Guangdong, Hainan), Malaysia, Indonesia., Published as part of Xie, Linzhe, Wang, Ming, Chen, Yusi & Wang, Houshuai, 2022, Review of the genus Leucoma H��bner, 1822 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 361-380 in Zootaxa 5115 (3) on page 370, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6358370, {"references":["Snellen, P. C. T. (1877) Heterocera op Java verzameld door Mr. M. C. Piepers, met aanteekeningen en beschrijvingen der nieuwe soorten. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 20, 1 - 50.","Holloway, J. D. (1999) The moths of Borneo [Part 5]: family Lymantriidae. Malayan Nature Journal, 53, 1 - 188.","Strand, E. (1915) Lymantriidae. In: Seitz A. (Eds.), Die Grossschmetterlinge der Erde. Band 2. Die Palaarktische Bombyciden und Sphingiden. A. Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 109 - 141. [1909 - 1912]","Swinhoe, C. (1922) A revision of the genera of the family Liparidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 10, 10 (58), 449 - 484. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932208632795","Collenette, C. L. (1932) The Lymantriinae of the Malay Peninsula. Novitates Zoologicae, 38, 49 - 102.","Collenette, C. L. (1934 b) The Lymantriidae of Kwang-Tung (S. E China). Novitates Zoologicae, 39, 137 - 150.","Chao, C. L. (1978) Economic insect fauna of China. Fasc. 12. Lepidoptera Lymantriidae. Science Press, Beijing, 121 pp.","Holloway, J. D. (1982) Taxonomic appendix. In: Barlow, H. S., An introduction to the Moths of South East Asia. Malayan Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur, pp. 174 - 271.","Chao, C. L. (2003) Lepidoptera Lymantriidae. Fauna Sinica. Insecta 30. Science Press, Beijing, 484 pp."]}

A key to species of Leucoma H��bner in China 1 Forewings yellow brown......................................................................... L. sartus - Forewings white or silvery white......................................................................... 2 2 Thorax with two dark dots or oblique lines................................................................. 3 - Thorax without dark dots or slashes....................................................................... 4 3 Hind tarsi white............................................................................... L. sericea - Hind tarsi black............................................................................ L. melanoscela 4 Legs white, with black circles on tarsi..................................................................... 5 - Legs white, without black circles on tarsi.................................................................. 6 5 Main stem of antennae white, with black-brown stripes................................................ L. candida - Main stem of antennae white, without black-brown stripes............................................... L. salicis 6 Forewings with a black edge at the basal area of costa................................................. L. costalis - Forewings without black edges at the basal area of costa...................................................... 7 7 Frons with a black spot.......................................................................... L. niveata - Frons without black spots............................................................................... 8 8 Forewings with silvery white bands....................................................................... 9 - Forewings without silvery white bands................................................................... 12 9 Forewing with three arcuate white oblique bands....................................................... L. clara - Forewings with two or three parallel oblique bands......................................................... 10 10 Pectionations of antennae pale tawny.............................................................. L. impressa - Pectionations of antennae dark brown.................................................................... 11 11 Vesica of aedeagus with four sclerotized digitate projections........................................... L. parallela - Vesica of aedeagus without sclerotized digitate projections.......................................... L. chrysoscela 12 Left valva longer than right valva..................................................... L. nyingchiensis sp. nov. - Left valva shorter than right valva....................................................................... 13 13 Labial palpi orange yellow...................................................................... L. ochripes - Labial palpi white...................................................................... L. sichuana sp. nov., Published as part of Xie, Linzhe, Wang, Ming, Chen, Yusi & Wang, Houshuai, 2022, Review of the genus Leucoma H��bner, 1822 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 361-380 in Zootaxa 5115 (3) on pages 362-363, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6358370

Leucoma niveata (Walker, 1865) (Chao, 1978: Plate VII, Fig. 67; Chao, 2003: Fig. 170) Euproctis niveata Walker, 1865: 350. Redoa niveata: Swinhoe, 1922: 465. Caviria pura: Collenette, 1932: 48. Stilpnotia niveata: Matsumura, 1933: 151. Leucoma niveata: Bryk, 1934: 130; Chao, 2003: 290. Diagnosis. The species is similar to L. ochripes, but can be easily differentiated from the latter by its frons covered with black hairs, the ventral side of abdomen with a black bent near terminal of ventral surface. Distribution. China (Yunnan, Taiwan), Indonesia., Published as part of Xie, Linzhe, Wang, Ming, Chen, Yusi & Wang, Houshuai, 2022, Review of the genus Leucoma H��bner, 1822 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 361-380 in Zootaxa 5115 (3) on page 370, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6358370, {"references":["Walker, F. (1865) List of specimens of Lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum, London, 762 pp.","Chao, C. L. (1978) Economic insect fauna of China. Fasc. 12. Lepidoptera Lymantriidae. Science Press, Beijing, 121 pp.","Chao, C. L. (2003) Lepidoptera Lymantriidae. Fauna Sinica. Insecta 30. Science Press, Beijing, 484 pp.","Swinhoe, C. (1922) A revision of the genera of the family Liparidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 10, 10 (58), 449 - 484. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932208632795","Collenette, C. L. (1932) The Lymantriinae of the Malay Peninsula. Novitates Zoologicae, 38, 49 - 102.","Matsumura, S. (1933) Lymantriidae of the Japan-Empire. Insecta Matsumurana, 7 (3), 112 - 151.","Bryk, F. (1934) Lymantriidae, In: Strand, E., Lepidopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 62. W. Junk's-Gravenhage, Berlin, pp. 1 - 441."]}

Leucoma chrysoscela (Collenette, 1934) (Figs 7���8, 23, 32) Caviria chrysoscela Collenette, 1934a: 114. Leucoma chrysoscela: Collenette, 1938: 220; Chao, 2003: 288; Wang et al., 2015: 583. Stilpnotia chrysoscela: Chao, 1978: 55. Diagnosis. The species is very superficially simiar to L. ochripes, but can be distinguished from the latter by tarsi pale yellow, with white band terminally; pectionations of antennae dark-brown. The species is also similar to L. impressa (Snellen, 1877) in male genitalia, but can be easily separated from the latter by the right valva longer than the left one, without bifurcation at cucullus. Material examined. 1♂, Nanling National Nature Reserve, Ruyuan County, Shaoguan City, Guangdong, 11��� 14. V.2018, leg. M. Wang. 1♀, Chebaling National Nature Reserve, Shixing County, Shaoguan City, Guangdong, 28���31. V.2019, leg. M. Wang. 1♂, Shimentai National Nature Reserve, Yingde County, Qingyuan City, Guangdong, 29.IV.2018, leg. M. Wang. 1♂, Jianfengling National Forest Park, Ledong Li Autonomous County, Hainan, 12.IV.2009, leg. M. Wang. Distribution. China (Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan), Vietnam. Remarks. The female genitalia of this species are illustrated here for the first time. The anterior apophysis is almost as long as posterior apophysis, the ostium is relatively small, the ductus broad basally, narrow distally, and the bursa with a stripe-like signum., Published as part of Xie, Linzhe, Wang, Ming, Chen, Yusi & Wang, Houshuai, 2022, Review of the genus Leucoma H��bner, 1822 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 361-380 in Zootaxa 5115 (3) on page 365, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6358370, {"references":["Collenette, C. L. (1934 a) New Lymantriidae (Lep.) from Chekiang and Kiangsu, Eastern China. Stylops, 3 (5), 113 - 117. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1934. tb 01561. x","Collenette, C. L. (1938) On a collection of Lymantriidae (Heterocera) from China. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 7, 211 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1938. tb 01230. x","Chao, C. L. (2003) Lepidoptera Lymantriidae. Fauna Sinica. Insecta 30. Science Press, Beijing, 484 pp.","Wang, H. S., Wahlberg, N., Holloway, J. D., Bergsten, J., Fan, X. L., Janzen, D. H., Hallwachs, W., Wen, L. J., Wang, M. & Nylin, S. (2015) Molecular phylogeny of Lymantriinae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea, Erebidae) inferred from eight gene regions. Cladistics, 31 (6), 579 - 592. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12108","Chao, C. L. (1978) Economic insect fauna of China. Fasc. 12. Lepidoptera Lymantriidae. Science Press, Beijing, 121 pp.","Snellen, P. C. T. (1877) Heterocera op Java verzameld door Mr. M. C. Piepers, met aanteekeningen en beschrijvingen der nieuwe soorten. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 20, 1 - 50."]}

Leucoma nyingchiensis Xie, Chen & H. Wang sp. nov. (Figs 15���16, 28, 36) Diagnosis. The species is similar to L. ochripes in external characters, but can be easily distinguished from the latter by the following characters: labial palpi white, male genitalia with a longer saccus, left valva longer than right valva, aedeagus with a small sclerotized digitate projection near the base of vesica. Description. Male adults. Forewing length 37���38mm in holotype, 34���38mm in paratypes. Head: Antennae bipectinate, brown; frons and vertex covered with white dense hairs; labial palpi white. Thorax: dorsally and ventrally covered with white scales, tegula white. Forewing white, R 1 and R 2 almost parallel, R 3, R 4 and R 5 stalked, M 1 arising from upper angle of discal cell, M 2 and M 3 arising from the lower angle of discal cell respectively, Cu 1 and Cu 2 approximately parallel, fringe white. Hind wing white; Rs and M 1 short stalked, M 2 and M 3 arising from the lower angle of discal cell respectively, fringe white. Legs densely covered with white hairs, except fore femur mixed with pale yellow scales. Male genitalia. Uncus broad basally, hook-shaped apically; tegumen broad; valvae slightly asymmetric; the left valva longer than the right one, finger-like terminally; the right valva relatively wide, dorsal edge enfolded; both sides of valvae with a small cluster of setea on cucullus; saccus long, tongue-shaped; aedeagus short, with a small sclerotized digitate projection near the base of vesica; vesica simple, without spines. Female. Unknown. Material examined. Holotype: 1♂, Damuloba Autonomous Town, Medog County, Nyingchi City, Tibet, altitude of 2087m, 15���17.VIII.2020, leg. W. Da, J. R. He. Paratypes: 5♂, same data as holotype. Distribution. China (Tibet). Etymology. The species names after the type locality Nyingchi City., Published as part of Xie, Linzhe, Wang, Ming, Chen, Yusi & Wang, Houshuai, 2022, Review of the genus Leucoma H��bner, 1822 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 361-380 in Zootaxa 5115 (3) on pages 370-371, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6358370

Leucoma candida (Staudinger, 1892) (Figs 5���6, 20, 30) Stilpnotia salicis var. candida Staudinger, 1892: 308; Bryk, 1934: 115. Stilpnotia candida: Swinhoe, 1922: 462; Chao, 1978: 54. Liparis salicis: Bremer, 1864: 41. Leucoma candida: Kozhanchikov, 1950: 345; Inoue, 1956: 156; Chao, 2003: 286; Wang et al., 2015: 583. Diagnosis. The species is often confused with L. salicis due to the similarity of superficial characters, but can be easily separated from the latter by the following characters: main stem of antenna white, with a black-brown stripe; vesica of aedeagus with numerous minute denticles; female genitalia with a M-shaped signum within bursa. Material examined. 1♂ 1♀, Tiantai Mountain National Forest Park, Feng County, Baoji City, Shaanxi, 6��� 13.VIII.2018, leg M. Wang, Z.P. Miao. 2♂, Huameiguang, Liuba County, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi, 10-12.VIII.2018, leg M. Wang, Z.P. Miao. 1♂, Heping Village, Caoke Towns, Shimian County, Ya���an City, Sichuan, China, 26��� 27.VII.2017, leg M. Wang, Z.P. Miao. 3♂ 2♀, Tacheng Town, Weixi County, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, 15-18.VII.2018, leg M. Wang, Z.P. Miao. Distribution. China (Hebei, Shanxi, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Gansu), North Korea, Japan, Russia., Published as part of Xie, Linzhe, Wang, Ming, Chen, Yusi & Wang, Houshuai, 2022, Review of the genus Leucoma H��bner, 1822 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 361-380 in Zootaxa 5115 (3) on pages 364-365, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6358370, {"references":["Staudinger, O. (1892) Die Macrolepidopteren des Amurgebiets I. Theil. Rhopalocera, Sphinges, Bombyces, Noctuae. In: Romanoff, N. M. (Ed.), Memoirs sur les Lepidopteres 6. Imprimerie de M. M. Stassulewitch, St. Petersburg, pp. 83 - 658.","Bryk, F. (1934) Lymantriidae, In: Strand, E., Lepidopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 62. W. Junk's-Gravenhage, Berlin, pp. 1 - 441.","Swinhoe, C. (1922) A revision of the genera of the family Liparidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 10, 10 (58), 449 - 484. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932208632795","Chao, C. L. (1978) Economic insect fauna of China. Fasc. 12. Lepidoptera Lymantriidae. Science Press, Beijing, 121 pp.","Bremer, O. (1864) Lepidopteren Ost-Sibiriens, insbesondere des Amur-Landes, gesammeit von den Herren G. Radde, R. Maack und P. Wulffius. Memoirs of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, Series VII, 8 (1), 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 62141","Kozhanchikov, I. V. (1950) Orgyidae. In: Stackelberg, A. A. (Eds.), Fauna of USSR, Insects, Lepidoptera. Vol. 12. USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow, pp. 1 - 582.","Inoue, H. (1956) A revision of the Japanese Lymantriidae (part IV). Japanese Journal of Medical Science and Biology, 9, 133 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.7883 / yoken 1952.9.133","Chao, C. L. (2003) Lepidoptera Lymantriidae. Fauna Sinica. Insecta 30. Science Press, Beijing, 484 pp.","Wang, H. S., Wahlberg, N., Holloway, J. D., Bergsten, J., Fan, X. L., Janzen, D. H., Hallwachs, W., Wen, L. J., Wang, M. & Nylin, S. (2015) Molecular phylogeny of Lymantriinae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea, Erebidae) inferred from eight gene regions. Cladistics, 31 (6), 579 - 592. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12108"]}

Leucoma melanoscela (Collenette, 1934) (Figs 11���12, 26, 34) Caviria melanoscela Collenette, 1934b: 139. Stilpnotia melanoscela: Chao, 1978: 55. Leucoma melanoscela: Chao, 2003: 291. Diagnosis. The species is close to L. sericea (Moore, 1879), but can be easily separated from the latter by thorax with a pair of black slashes dorsally, hind tarsi black, aedeagus narrower at distal part, female genitalia with a longer ductus. Material examined. 1♀, Nanshan National Park, Chengbu Miao Autonomous County, Shaoyang City, Hunan, 11-13.VIII.2020, altitude of 661m, leg. L.Z. Xie. 2♂, Shimentai National Nature Reserve, Yingde County, Qingyuan City, Guangdong, 29.IV���1.IV.2018, leg H.S. Wang. 1♂, Yinggeling National Nature Reserve, Baisha Li Autonomous County, Hainan, 22.IV.2018, 19.83 N 109.50 E, altitude of 565m, leg. Z.P. Miao, F.H. Wei. 1♀, Wu-kung mountain, Luxi County, Pingxiang City, Jiangxi, 15.IX.2015, altitude of 380m, leg. M. Wang. Distribution. China (Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan, Hunan, Hainan)., Published as part of Xie, Linzhe, Wang, Ming, Chen, Yusi & Wang, Houshuai, 2022, Review of the genus Leucoma H��bner, 1822 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 361-380 in Zootaxa 5115 (3) on page 368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6358370, {"references":["Collenette, C. L. (1934 b) The Lymantriidae of Kwang-Tung (S. E China). Novitates Zoologicae, 39, 137 - 150.","Chao, C. L. (1978) Economic insect fauna of China. Fasc. 12. Lepidoptera Lymantriidae. Science Press, Beijing, 121 pp.","Chao, C. L. (2003) Lepidoptera Lymantriidae. Fauna Sinica. Insecta 30. Science Press, Beijing, 484 pp.","Moore, F. (1879) Heterocera. In: Hewitson, W. C. & Moore, F. (Eds.), Descriptions of new Indian lepidopterous insects from the collection of the late Mr. W. S. Atkinson, M. A., F. I. S. & C. Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta. Issues 1 - 3. Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 5 - 299."]}

Leucoma parallela (Collenette, 1934) (Figs. 9���10, 24, 31) Caviria parallela Collenette, 1934b: 139. Stilpnotia parallela: Chao, 1978: 60. Leucoma parallela: Chao, 2003: 283. Diagnosis. The species is often confused with L. impressa, L. calra (Walker, 1865) and L. chrysoscela due to similar wing patterns, but can be easily separated from them by forewings with three silvery white, parallel oblique bands; valvae broad at basal half, divided into two wide lobes at distal half; aedeagus with four digitate projections, among which one is densely covered with short spines. Material examined. 1♂ 1♀, Xiangtou Mountain National Nature Reserve, Boluo County, Huizhou City, Guangdong, 17-19.VIII.2019, H.S. Wang. 1♀, Baihualing, Longyang County, Baoshan City, Yunnan, 24.VIII.2018, leg T. T. Yu. 1♂, Jiulian Mountain National Nature Reserve, Lianping County, Heyuan City, Guangdong, 18. V. 2018, 178m, leg M. Wang, F.H. Wei. 1♂, Ganzaling Nature Reserve, Baoting Li and Miao autonomous County, Hainan, 10.I.2016, leg H.S. Wang, M. Wang. Distribution. China (Jiangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan) Remarks. The female genitalia of this species are illustrated here for the first time. The anterior apophysis is slightly longer than the posterior apophysis, the ostium is larger, the ductus broad and short, and the bursa with a semioval signum., Published as part of Xie, Linzhe, Wang, Ming, Chen, Yusi & Wang, Houshuai, 2022, Review of the genus Leucoma H��bner, 1822 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 361-380 in Zootaxa 5115 (3) on page 365, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6358370, {"references":["Collenette, C. L. (1934 b) The Lymantriidae of Kwang-Tung (S. E China). Novitates Zoologicae, 39, 137 - 150.","Chao, C. L. (1978) Economic insect fauna of China. Fasc. 12. Lepidoptera Lymantriidae. Science Press, Beijing, 121 pp.","Chao, C. L. (2003) Lepidoptera Lymantriidae. Fauna Sinica. Insecta 30. Science Press, Beijing, 484 pp.","Walker, F. (1865) List of specimens of Lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum, London, 762 pp."]}

Leucoma clara (Walker, 1865) (Wang, 1993: 38) Redoa clara Walker, 1865: 343. Euzora clara: Swinhoe, 1922: 460. Leucoma clara: Wang, 1993: 38. Diagnosis. The species is very similar to L. impressa and L. parallela in wing patterns, but can be easily separated from the latter two by forewings with three arcuate white oblique bands. Distribution. China (Taiwan), India., Published as part of Xie, Linzhe, Wang, Ming, Chen, Yusi & Wang, Houshuai, 2022, Review of the genus Leucoma H��bner, 1822 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 361-380 in Zootaxa 5115 (3) on page 370, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6358370, {"references":["Walker, F. (1865) List of specimens of Lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum, London, 762 pp.","Wang, H. Y. (1993) Illustrations of Lymantriidae in Taiwan. Hsu Shin Books, Taipei, 118 pp. [in Chinese]","Swinhoe, C. (1922) A revision of the genera of the family Liparidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 10, 10 (58), 449 - 484. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932208632795"]}

Leucoma ochripes (Moore, 1879) (Figs 4, 27) Stilpnotia ochripes Moore, 1879: 45. Caviria ochripes: Hampson, 1893: 490; Collenette, 1932: 57; Collenette, 1934b: 139. Dendrophleps semihyalina Swinhoe, 1895:14. Caragola ochripes: Swinhone, 1903: 378. Stilpnotia niveata Matsumura, 1933: 151; Chao, 1978: 54. Euzora ochripes: Swinhoe, 1922: 460; Bryk, 1934: 123. Leucoma ochripes: Holloway, 1999: 109; Chao, 2003: 287. Himala ochripes: Bali et al., 2020: 357. Diagnosis. The species is superficially similar to L. niveata (Walker, 1865), but can be differentiated by its frons without black hairs, forelegs orange yellow, midlegs and hindlegs grayish white, with orange yellow tarsi. The species is also similar to L. niveata and Ivela eshanensis (Chao, 1983) in male genitalia, but can be distinguished from the latter by the right valva obviously incurved at the middle of ventral side. Material examined. 1♂, Fengtongzhai Nature Reserve, Baoxing County, Ya���an City, Sichuan, 29���30.VI.2019, leg S.Y. Huang. 1♂, Nanling National Nature Reserve, Ruyuan County, Shaoguan City, Guangdong, 31.V.2017, leg. M. Wang. Distribution. China (Fujian, Guangdong, Sichuan, Yunnan), Myanmar, India, Malaysia., Published as part of Xie, Linzhe, Wang, Ming, Chen, Yusi & Wang, Houshuai, 2022, Review of the genus Leucoma H��bner, 1822 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 361-380 in Zootaxa 5115 (3) on page 364, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6358370, {"references":["Moore, F. (1879) Heterocera. In: Hewitson, W. C. & Moore, F. (Eds.), Descriptions of new Indian lepidopterous insects from the collection of the late Mr. W. S. Atkinson, M. A., F. I. S. & C. Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta. Issues 1 - 3. Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 5 - 299.","Hampson, G. F. (1893) The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Moths 1. Taylor & Francis, London, 527 pp.","Collenette, C. L. (1932) The Lymantriinae of the Malay Peninsula. Novitates Zoologicae, 38, 49 - 102.","Collenette, C. L. (1934 b) The Lymantriidae of Kwang-Tung (S. E China). Novitates Zoologicae, 39, 137 - 150.","Swinhoe, C. (1895) A list of the Lepidoptera of the Khasia Hills, Part 3. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1895, 1 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1895. tb 01663. x","Matsumura, S. (1933) Lymantriidae of the Japan-Empire. Insecta Matsumurana, 7 (3), 112 - 151.","Chao, C. L. (1978) Economic insect fauna of China. Fasc. 12. Lepidoptera Lymantriidae. Science Press, Beijing, 121 pp.","Swinhoe, C. (1922) A revision of the genera of the family Liparidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 10, 10 (58), 449 - 484. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932208632795","Bryk, F. (1934) Lymantriidae, In: Strand, E., Lepidopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 62. W. Junk's-Gravenhage, Berlin, pp. 1 - 441.","Holloway, J. D. (1999) The moths of Borneo [Part 5]: family Lymantriidae. Malayan Nature Journal, 53, 1 - 188.","Chao, C. L. (2003) Lepidoptera Lymantriidae. Fauna Sinica. Insecta 30. Science Press, Beijing, 484 pp.","Bali, G. P. K., Kaleka, A. S. & Singh, D. (2020) A new combination of a tussock moth species under Genus Himala Moore (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) and its range extension. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 120 (4), 357 - 362.","Walker, F. (1865) List of specimens of Lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum, London, 762 pp.","Chao, C. L. (1983) A new species of the genus Ivela Swinhoe from China (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 26 (3), 336 - 337."]}

BackgroundCraniopharyngioma (CP) with tumoral hemorrhage is a very rare syndrome presenting with various manifestation and unfavorable outcomes. The current retrospective study was performed to summarize the clinical features of CP with tumoral hemorrhage.MethodsIn this study, 185 patients with pathological diagnosis of CP (18 patients with hemorrhage) were enrolled. Clinical characteristics, radiological and surgical treatments, and post-operative complications were analyzed. In addition, the correlations between sexual hormones and tumor volume were explored.ResultsDrowsiness, acute syndrome, and pituitary deficiency were more frequent in patients with hemorrhage patients. Prothrombin time (PT) were higher in patients with hemorrhage. Luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) were lower in male patients with hemorrhage. Post-operative electrolyte disturbances, hypothalamic syndrome, and death appeared more frequently in the hemorrhage group. Moreover, prolactin (PRL) and cortisol 8AM were found to be correlated with the volume of the tumor and the hematoma, respectively.ConclusionThe current study presented the clinical features of CP apoplexy from the aspects of clinical characteristics, radiography, surgical treatment, and post-operative complications. Patients with CP apoplexy could benefit from the proper processing of peritumoral hemorrhage and post-operative monitoring of the electrolyte.

Additional file 1: Supplemental Figure 1. Decreased ApoA5 synthesis in MCT induced PH animal liver. (A, B) Represent western blot (A) and densitometry (B) of decreased liver ApoA5 synthesis in MCT induced PH rats. (C) Decreased transcript factor genes that modulating ApoA5 synthesis. *,P

Yanmei Dai,1 Huijie Jiang,1 Shi-Ting Feng,2 Yuwei Xia,3 Jinping Li,1 Sheng Zhao,1 Dandan Wang,1 Xu Zeng,1 Yusi Chen,1 Yanjie Xin,1 Dongmin Liu1 1Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150086, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510030, People’s Republic of China; 3Huiying Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing City, 100192, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Huijie Jiang; Shi-Ting Feng, Tel +86 86605576, Email jianghuijie@hrbmu.edu.cn; fengsht@mail.sysu.edu.cnPurpose: This study aims to develop a new model to more comprehensively and accurately predict the survival of patients with HCC after initial TACE.Patients and Methods: The whole cohort (n = 102) was randomly divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort in the ratio of 8:2. The optimal radiomics signatures were screened using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm (LASSO) regression for constructing the radscore to predict overall survival (OS). The C-index (95% confidence interval, CI), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the performance of the models. The independent risk factors (hazard ratio, HR) for predicting OS were stratified by Kaplan–Meier (K-M) analysis and the Log rank test.Results: The median OS was 439 days (95% CI: 215.795– 662.205) in whole cohort, and in the training cohort and validation cohort, the median OS was 552 days (95% CI: 171.172– 932.828), 395 days (95% CI: 309.415– 480.585), respectively (P = 0.889). After multivariate cox regression, the combined radscore-clinical model was consisted of radscore (HR: 2.065, 95% CI: 1.285– 3.316; P = 0.0029) and post-response (HR: 1.880, 95% CI: 1.310– 2.697; P = 0.0007), both of which were independent risk factors for the OS. In the validation cohort, the efficacy of both the radscore (C-index: 0.769, 95% CI: 0.496– 1.000) and combined model (C-index: 0.770, 95% CI: 0.581– 0.806) were higher than that of the clinical model (C-index: 0.655, 95% CI: 0.508– 0.802). The calibration curve of the combined model for predicting OS presented good consistency between observations and predictions in both the training cohort and validation cohort.Conclusion: Noninvasive imaging has a good prediction performance of survival after initial TACE in patients with HCC. The combined model consisting of post-response and radscore may be able to better predict outcome.Keywords: computed tomography, hepatocellular carcinoma, overall survival, radiomics, transarterial chemoembolization

The mobility model of nodes plays an important role in affecting the quality of the tactical subnet. The unique characteristics of the tactical subnet may weaken the significance of research on the common mobility model. In this paper, firstly, we make a careful analysis and a simulation of the Random Waypoint Mobility Model (RWP) and the Reference Point Group Mobility Model (RPGM). Subsequently, according to the characteristics of the tactical task and the fact that the mobile nodes do not always move blindly along a random or fixed path, we propose a new group mobility model named Probabilistic Reference Point Group Mobility Model (p-RPGM). Finally, taking a tactical team as an example, the above three mobility models are simulated and compared based on OPNET simulation software, to reveal the influence of different mobile behaviors of nodes on network performance.

Background. There is significant controversy relating to whether chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) can be treated with pulmonary arterial hypertension- (PAH-) targeted therapies and which therapy is the optimal choice for patients. A large number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have compared PAH-targeted therapies with placebo or conventional therapies. In this study, we aimed to compare all of the PAH-targeted medications that are used to treat CTEPH and rank their efficacy by the application of network meta-analysis (NMA). Methods. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register, https://clinicaltrials.gov, and who.int/trialsearch/, for relevant RCTs published up to January 2020. In addition to traditional meta-analysis, we also performed NMA in our systematic review, as deployed in a previous protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42020173765). Results. Our study identified eight eligible RCTs that evaluated seven PAH-targeted therapies in 703 patients with CTEPH. NMA revealed that riociguat was ranked first as the most optimized therapy for ameliorating the 6-minute walk distance with a probability of 80.4%. Bosentan was significantly better than others with regard to reducing brain natriuretic peptide/N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide with a probability of 84.3%. Sildenafil was identified as the best drug in terms of improving the New York Heart Association/World Health Organization functional class with a probability of 87.3%. Treprostinil and macitentan were more beneficial than other drugs in reducing pulmonary vascular resistance and lowering the incidence of clinical worsening with probabilities of 86.2% and 79.2%, respectively. Conclusion. Analysis revealed positive advantages for the use of PAH-targeted drugs in patients with CTEPH. Overall, treprostinil and riociguat were superior to all other PAH-targeted medications in most of the outcomes investigated.

Under the current level of agricultural production conditions and socio-economic environment, Opportunity cost of all the bodies involved in the activities of land transferred and the main safeguard effect of land are analyzed, and then the paper builds the decision-making scale model of the farmland large-scale management in order to increase the utilization efficiency of farmland. Meanwhile, Xi'an Zhouzhi County was taken as empirical example to demonstrate the analysis, and it has a direct value to the lessees.