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Background: Natural products (NPs) are important sources for the design of new drugs and agrochemicals. Neopeltolide, a marine NP, has been identified as a potent Qo-site inhibitor of cytochrome bc1 complex. Methods: In this study, a series of neopeltolide derivatives was designed and synthesized by the simplification of its 14-membered macrolactone ring with a diphenyl ether fragment. The enzymatic inhibition bioassays and mycelium growth inhibition experiments against a range of fungi were performed to determine their fungicidal activities. Results: The derivatives have potent activity against the porcine bc1 complex. Compound 8q showed the best activity with an IC50 value of 24.41 nM, which was 8-fold more effective than that of positive control azoxystrobin. Compound 8a exhibited a 100% inhibitory rate against Zymoseptoria tritici and Alternaria solani at a 20 mg/L dose. Conclusion: Computational results indicated that compounds with suitable physicochemical properties, as well as those forming a hydrogen bond with His161, would have good fungicidal activity. These data could be useful for the design of bc1 complex inhibitors in the future.

Accurate blood glucose determination is essential to the clinical diagnosis and management of diabetes. This work establishes an inner filter effect (IFE) strategy between upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and quinone-imine complex for glucose monitoring in human serum simply and efficiently. In this system, the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx) catalyzes the reaction of glucose into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and gluconic acid when compulsion by oxygen. In the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), the produced H2O2 can catalytically oxidize phenol and 4-amino antipyrine (4-AAP) to generate quinone-imine products. The purple-colored quinone-imine complex effectively absorbed the fluorescence of NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ UCNPs, leading to the strong fluorescence quenching of UCNPs through IFE. Thus, a new approach was established for glucose monitoring by determining the fluorescence intensity. Under the optimal condition, this approach shows better linearity to glucose from 2–240 μmol/L with a low detection limit at 1.0 μmol/L. Owing to the excellent fluorescence property and background-free interference of the UCNPs, the biosensor was applied for glucose measurements in human serum and got a satisfactory result. Furthermore, this sensitive and selective biosensor revealed great potential for the quantitative analysis of blood glucose or different kinds of H2O2-involved biomolecules for the application of clinical diagnosis.

To clarify the differential expressions of microRNAs and mRNAs in a PSD model, this study employed PSD mice for model construction by injecting vasoconstrictor ET-1 (angioendothelin-1) into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of mice. The animals underwent elevated plus maze test, open field test, tail suspension test, and forced swimming test subsequently. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to analyze the differentially expressed mRNAs and microRNAs. The results showed that open arm entries and time of PSD mice were markedly decreased. Times of the entry to center for mice in the model group were apparently decreased. The climbing time of mice in the model group was greatly decreased. The behavior of PSD mice indicated a marked change, and several indicators of the behavioral tests were significantly lower than those of the control group. Transcriptome sequencing analysis demonstrated that expressions of 1 206 genes and 21 microRNAs were markedly upregulated in model group, whereas expressions of 2 113 genes and 32 microRNAs were markedly downregulated. GO analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in regulatory pathways of single-multicellular organism process, developmental process, cell periphery, plasma membrane, and neuron projection. Meanwhile, KEGG analysis results indicated that the differentially expressed genes mostly participated in signaling pathways of neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, calcium signaling pathway, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. In conclusion, differentially expressed microRNAs and mRNAs were screened, which offers a theoretical foundation for further investigation of molecular mechanisms and novel insight for the early identification, prevention, and treatment of PSD.

Deep visual recognition methods have achieved excellent performance on artificially constructed image datasets where the data distribution is balanced. However, in real-world scenarios, data distribution is usually extremely imbalanced and exhibit a long-tailed distribution where data in each head class is more than the class in the tail. Many efficient deep learning methods fail to work normally, i.e., they perform well in the head class while poor in the tail class. In this paper, we propose a two-layer Hierarchical-Learning Long-Tailed Recognition (HL-LTR) algorithm which transforms the long-tailed problem into a hierarchical classification problem by constructing a hierarchical superclass tree in which each layer corresponds to a recognition task. In the first layer of the tree, the degree of data imbalance is largely decreased. The recognition task of the second layer is the original long-tailed recognition problem. The training of HL-LTR is top-down. The knowledge learned by the first layer transfers to classes of the second layer and guides the feature learning of the second layer by using attention mechanism module and knowledge distillation method. Compared with directly solving the most difficult long-tailed recognition task, HL-LTR achieves better performance due to its progressive learning method from easy to difficult and effective knowledge transfer strategy.

The shipping industry is increasingly threatened by global climate change. Reliable trajectory prediction can be used to perceive potential risks and ensure navigation efficiency. However, many existing studies have not fully considered the impact of complex ocean environmental factors and have only focused on local regions, which are difficult to extend to a global scale. To this end, we propose a deep learning vessel trajectory prediction method fusing discretized meteorological data (TripleConvTransformer). First, we clean the automatic identification system data to form a high-quality spatiotemporal trajectory dataset. Then, we fuse the trajectory data with the meteorological data after feature discretization to deeply mine the motion information of ocean-going ships. Finally, we design three modules, the global convolution, local convolution, and trend convolution modules, based on the simplified transformer model to capture multiscale features. We compare TripleConvTransformer with state-of-the-art prediction models. The experimental results show that in the prediction of the trajectory points in the next 90 min, the smallest root mean square error in terms of longitude and latitude and the highest overall prediction accuracy are achieved using TripleConvTransformer. Our method not only fully considers the influence of meteorological factors in the ocean-going process but also effectively extracts the important information hidden in the data, thus achieving accurate trajectory prediction on a global scale.

Age-related functional decline is a physiological phenomenon that occurs in all organ systems. However, the acceleration and early occurrence of this process are observed in cardiovascular pathologies, including hypertension. This study aimed to investigate SIRT1–PTEN signaling in aortic tissue from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and changes in SIRT1 and PTEN expression following treatment with Pinggan-Qianyang decoction (PGQYD) and explore the mechanism involved in the treatment of hypertensive vascular aging with traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, we used two rat models: spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) at 14 and 64 weeks of age and WKY rats at 64 weeks of age. The degree of irritability and rotation tolerance time were evaluated to determine the effects of PGQYD on animal behavior. The morphology of the thoracic aorta was examined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson staining and electron microscopy. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and anti-superoxide anion content were detected. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining was used to observe the thoracic aorta during vascular aging. RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, and Western blot analysis were performed to detect changes in the mRNA and protein expression of p53, p21, SIRT1, and PTEN in rat aortic tissues. Behavioral tests and histological and morphological analyses showed the remarkable amelioration of vascular aging after PGQYD treatment compared with that in the older SHRs. Moreover, PGQYD significantly decreased vascular aging in SHRs, as indicated by reduced SA-β-Gal staining, NADPH oxidase activity, and p53 and p21 expression, and increased anti-superoxide anion and SOD content. Furthermore, PGQYD increased SIRT1 and PTEN expression, but the downregulated expression of SIRT1 induced by a SIRT1 inhibitor abolished the PGQYD-induced antiaging effects on gene expression and antioxidant activity and enhanced PTEN expression. PGQYD could ameliorate vascular aging effects in SHRs, which may have been mediated via the regulation of SIRT1–PTEN signaling in aortic tissue.

l-Cysteine is widely used in food, medicine, and cosmetics. In this study, a recombinant Escherichia coli whole-cell system with tryptophan synthase was used to complete the biological transformation of l-serine to l-cysteine, and bioconversion of l-cysteine was investigated by tryptophan synthase. The biotransformation of l-cysteine was optimized by response surface methodology. The optimal conditions obtained are 0.13 mol·L−1 l-serine, 75 min, 130 W ultrasound operation, where the V max of tryptophan synthase is 25.27 ± 0.16 (mmol·h−1·(g-cells)−1). The V max of tryptophan synthase for the biosynthesis without ultrasound is 12.91 ± 0.34 (mmol·h−1·(g-cells)−1). Kinetic analysis of the recombinant Escherichia coli whole-cell system with tryptophan synthase also showed that under the ultrasound treatment, the K m values of l-cysteine biosynthesis increase from 1.342 ± 0.11 mM for the shaking biotransformation to 2.555 ± 0.13 mM for ultrasound operation. The yield of l-cysteine reached 91% after 75 min of treatment after 130 W ultrasound, which is 1.9-fold higher than no ultrasound.

Qiong Chen,1 Yanchun Peng,2 Yanjuan Lin,3 Sailan Li,2 Xizhen Huang,2 Liang-Wan Chen2 1Department of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Cardiac Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Nursing, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yanjuan LinDepartment of Nursing, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian Province, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 59186218581Fax +86 83344034Email fjxhyjl@163.comLiang-Wan ChenDepartment of Cardiac Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 59186218581Fax +86 59183301393Email chenliangwan@tom.comPurpose: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a very common and serious neurological complication in patients admitted to the cardiothoracic surgical intensive care unit (CSICU). We aimed to identify a novel potential sleep-based marker for POD and investigate the relevance between atypical sleep and POD.Patients and Methods: This was a prospective, observational study of patients admitted to the CSICU between December 2019 and February 2020 at our center. Sleep characteristics from 21:00 on postoperative day 1 to 07:00 on postoperative day 2 were assessed using polysomnography (PSG). POD from the end of PSG monitoring until postoperative day 5 was evaluated using the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit.Results: This analysis included 20 patients admitted to the CSICU. The incidence of atypical sleep was 45.0%. Compared to patients without delirium, those with delirium had less delta power, less percentage REM sleep, and a higher proportion of atypical sleep and REM sleep loss (P < 0.05).Conclusion: The presence of atypical sleep and the absence of REM sleep were associated with POD in patients admitted to the CSICU.Keywords: postoperative delirium, intensive care unit, atypical sleep, cardiac surgery

Guo-feng Xie,1,* Luo-dan Zhao,2,3,* Qiang Chen,4,* Dong-xiao Tang,4 Qiong-yu Chen,4 Hong-fei Lu,4 Jia-rong Cai,5 Zheng Chen4 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510095, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China; 3Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangzhou Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jia-rong CaiDepartment of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-20-82179727Fax +86-20-85253336Email caijiar@mail.sysu.edu.cnZheng ChenDepartment of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of ChinaFax +86-20-85253336Email chenzh68@mail.sysu.edu.cnPurpose: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignancy of the oral cavity. As the survival rate of OSCC patients is low, it is crucial to explore new markers and therapeutic targets for early diagnosis of the disease. A high level of actinin alpha 1 (ACTN1) in patients could serve as an independent prognostic factor of acute myeloid leukemia. However, the role of ACTN1 in OSCC remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of ACTN1 in OSCC.Methods: ACTN1 protein levels in tissues were determined by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The correlation of ACTN1 expression with clinicopathological features and prognosis was analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. The effect of ACTN1 knockdown on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the cell cycle was evaluated using Western blotting, Cell Counting Kit‑8 (CCK8) assays, flow cytometry analysis, transwell assays, wound-healing assays, and nude mouse models of subcutaneous xenograft and pulmonary metastasis.Results: Based on the total score of ACTN1 IHC staining analysis, ACTN1 expression was found to be low in 10 normal mucosal tissues, 48 normal mucosal tissues adjacent to OSCC, and 19 OSCC tissues, but high in 29 OSCC tissues. ACTN1 protein levels were significantly associated with the clinical stage and node metastasis, and a high ACTN1 protein level indicated poor prognosis. Moreover, ACTN1 expression was an independent predictor of poor prognosis of OSCC. Using in vitro assays, we found that ACTN1 knockdown could induce cell cycle arrest, promote apoptosis, and inhibit EMT and cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in the OSCC cell lines, SCC-15 and HSC-3. Moreover, ACTN1 knockdown inhibited subcutaneous tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis in vivo.Conclusion: ACTN1 levels were significantly associated with the clinical stage and node metastasis, and a high ACTN1 protein level indicated poor prognosis. Moreover, ACTN1 knockdown could suppress cell proliferation and metastasis of OSCC. Our results suggested that ACTN1 may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of OSCC.Keywords: actinin alpha 1, poor prognosis, oral squamous cell carcinoma, knockdown, proliferation, metastasis

The contribution of histone mark redistribution to the age-induced decline of endogenous neuroprotection remains unclear. In this study, we used an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced acute brain injury rat model to study the transcriptional and chromatin responses in 13- and 22-month-old rats. Transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) revealed that the expression of neuroinflammation-associated genes was systematically upregulated in ICH rat brains, irrespective of age. Further, we found that interferon-γ (IFN-γ) response genes were activated in both 13- and 22-month-old rats. Anti-IFN-γ treatment markedly reduced ICH-induced acute brain injury in 22-month-old rats. At the chromatin level, ICH induced the redistribution of histone modifications in the promoter regions, especially H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, in neuroinflammation-associated genes in 13- and 22-month-old rats, respectively. Moreover, ICH-induced histone mark redistribution and gene expression were found to be correlated. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that histone modifications related to gene expression are extensively regulated in 13- and 22-month-old rats and that anti-IFN-γ is effective for ICH treatment, highlighting the potential of developing therapies targeting histone modifications to cure age-related diseases, including brain injury and neuroinflammation.

Lung cancer remains a huge challenge to public health because of its high incidence and mortality, and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the main subtype of lung cancer. Hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release and angiogenesis have been regarded as critical events in LUAD carcinogenesis. In the present study, membrane progesterone receptor α (mPRα) is deregulated within LUAD tissue samples; increased mPRα contributes to a higher microvessel density (MVD) in LUAD tissues. mPRα knockdown in A549 and PC-9 cells significantly inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation, as well as HIF1α and VEGF protein levels, decreasing cancer cell migration and invasion. The in vivo xenograft model further confirmed that mPRα enhanced the aggressiveness of LUAD cells. Furthermore, mPRα knockdown significantly inhibited hypoxia-induced upregulation in HIF1α and VEGF levels, as well as LUAD cell migration and invasion. Under the hypoxic condition, conditioned medium (CM) derived from mPRα knockdown A549 cells, namely si-mPRα-CM, significantly inhibited HUVEC migration and tube formation and decreased VEGF level in the culture medium. In contrast, CM derived from mPRα-overexpressing A549 cells, namely mPRα-CM, further enhanced HUVEC migration and tube formation and increased VEGF level under hypoxia, which was partially reversed by STAT3 inhibitor Stattic. In conclusion, in LUAD cells, highly expressed mPRα enhances the activation of cAMP/JAK/STAT3 signaling and increases HIF1α-induced VEGF secretion into the tumor microenvironment, promoting HUVEC migration and tube formation under hypoxia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03270-5.

Additional file 1.

Additional file 2.

Additional file 2: Table S1: Primers used in this paper

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Additional file 1: Fig. S1 Histological staining of granulomatous lobular mastitis. Fig. S2 Self-limited stage. Fig. S3 Congestive swelling stage. Fig. S4 Abscess formation stage. Fig. S5 Complex refractory stage.

This report describes fossils recovered from Ganxian Cave in 2008 and 2018 by the Natural History Museum and Anthropology Museum of Guangxi. The cave sedimentary fill yielded rich mammalian fossils consisting mainly of isolated teeth of medium- to large-sized mammals (Primates, Proboscidea, Perissodactyla, Carnivora, Rodentia, Artiodactyla) of typical ‘Ailuropoda-Stegodon’ fauna, (e.g. Stegodon orientalis, Ailuropoda baconi, Pongo weidenreichi, Tapirus sinensis, Megatapirus augustus, Crocuta ultima), and more numerous extant species belonging to 28 taxa in total. The biochronological age of the fauna agreed with the age estimates obtained using Uranium–series and coupled ESR/U-series dating. Collectively, these results indicate a Ganxian fossil age range of 168.9 ± 2.4 ka to 362 ± 78 ka and establish Ganxian Cave as one of the most precisely dated Middle Pleistocene fossil sites in southern China. Comparison of Ganxian fauna with Pleistocene fossil records of the well-documented faunas of southern China and southeast Asia indicates that the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) probably first appeared in Ganxian Cave. Paleoenvironmental reconstruction-based analysis of the large mammalian fossil assemblage from Ganxian Cave indicates that during the late Middle Pleistocene, the habitat consisted mainly of forests with some open areas and the climate was warm and humid.

Additional file 3: List of protein sequences used in the present study.

Qingluoyin (QLY) is a representative herbal formula prescribed for hot symptom-related rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Among its derivatives, Xiaoyao-Qingluoyin (XYQLY) attracts increasing attention due to the notable clinical efficacy. In this study, we compared its effects with QLY on adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in rats and partially elucidated the antirheumatic mechanism using a network pharmacology-based strategy. After continuous oral treatments, clinical outcomes were systematically evaluated by radiographic, histological, immunohistochemical, and serological analyses. Possibly altered pathways were predicted based on reported interactions between the related chemicals and proteins/genes. The obtained conclusion was further validated by experiments in vitro. QLY and XYQLY eased polyarthritis in AIA rats after repeated doses, which reflected in reduced inflammation and bone degradation and downregulated p-p65, MMP3, and TLR4 expressions in joints. Meanwhile, they restored oxidative stress (MDA, SOD, GSH, T-AOC, and NO) and inflammatory indicators (TNF-α and CO) in serum. Synovium-based immunoblotting assay revealed that QLY and XYQLY were similarly effective in downregulating MMP3 and COX-2, but XYQLY treatment exhibited notable merit in suppressing p-p65 expression. Network pharmacology analysis hinted that XYQLY should exert greater impacts on LPS signaling and the downstream. Based on results from LC-MS analysis, we treated AIA rat-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells with either QLY or XYQLY-based chemical combinations and confirmed that XYQLY had the better potential in inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB-controlled IL-6 production. Consequently, it led to a more profound decrease in Th17 cells counts. Overall evidence demonstrated that XYQLY was especially effective in regulating innate immunity and, therefore, improved immune environment in AIA rats as a whole.

Additional file 2: Figure S1. mPR�� knockdown or overexpression generated in two LUAD cell lines, A549 and PC-9, by the transfection of siRNA for mPR�� (si-mPR��) or mPR��-overexpressing vector (mPR��), as confirmed by (A) real-time PCR and (B) Immunoblotting. **P

Additional file 1: Fig. S1 Subcellular localization and expression pattern analysis of OsPCNA in rice. (a) The GFP signal shows the localization of OsPCNA in rice protoplasts. (b) The mCherry signal shows the localization of CHR721 in rice protoplasts. (c) The image of the bright light under confocal. (d) Merge image of A, B, and C. (e) Expression pattern analysis of OsPCNA in different organs.Fig. S2 Interaction analyses of OsGEN1 and OsPCNA. (a) Schematic of PIP box of OsGEN1; (b)Interaction analyses of OsGEN1 and OsPCNA by Y2H assay. The co-transformed strains were spotted on SD-Leu/-Trp and SD-Ade/-Leu/-Trp/-His respectively. 1,10-1 and 10-2 represented the decreasing quantities of co-transformed strains spotted on SD media. OsPCNA-AD with pGBKT7 and pGADT7 with OsGEN1-BD are the negative controls.

Background Hypertension-induced left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is associated with a reduction in autophagy, which can be inhibited by disruption of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. The HuoXue DiTan recipe (HDR) is a commonly used prescription that has shown therapeutic effects on hypertension and its complications. However, its mechanisms are still unclear. In the present study, we hypothesized that HDR can regulate the PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and thereby reverse LVH by increasing autophagy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Methods Twelve-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats and age-matched normotensive-control Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were divided into four groups. After 12 weeks of treatment, echocardiographic measurements were made on the left ventricle, blood samples were collected for oxidative stress analysis, left ventricle tissue was processed for hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and immunohistochemical/ immunofluorescence staining, and TUNEL, RT-qPCR and Western blot analyses were performed. Results Compared with age-matched WKY rats, SH rats at 16 weeks of age exhibited significantly greater myocardial hypertrophy and remodeling with abnormal heart function. There was a reduction in autophagy and increase in apoptosis, resulting in an imbalance of oxidative stress manifested as left ventricular hypertrophy and impaired cardiac function. These effects may be related to a decrease in PTEN expression, which leads to activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, resulting in abnormal expression of autophagy- and apoptosis-related proteins. After 12 weeks of HDR administration, blood pressure and ventricular hypertrophy were reduced, MDA and SOD levels and NADPH oxidase activity were better regulated, and gene expression of myocardial hypertrophy markers (ANP and β-MHC) was inhibited. HDR can promote autophagy and inhibit apoptosis, which may be related to regulation of autophagy- and apoptosis-related genes and proteins. HDR can also induce autophagy by enhancing expression of PTEN and inhibiting activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway. Importantly, we demonstrated that VO-Ohpic, an inhibitor of PTEN, could suppress the effect of HDR on LVH in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Conclusion In conclusion, these results provide evidence for an important role of HDR in inhibition of left ventricular hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats, and indicate that it may act by improving autophagy through the PTEN/PI3K/AKT /mTOR pathway.

According to the results of The Second Comprehensive Scientific Expedition on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the balance of solid and liquid water on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is disturbed, and a large amount of solid water, such as glaciers and perpetual snow, is transformed into liquid water, which aggravates the risk of flood disasters in the Plateau. Based on the historical flood disaster records of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, this paper analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the flood disasters in the Plateau, and estimated the critical rainfall for the flood disasters combined with precipitation data from the meteorological stations in each basin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results show that most of the flood disaster events in the Plateau are caused by precipitation, and the average annual occurrence of flood disasters is more than 30 cases and their frequency is on the rise. The high frequency areas of flood disasters in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are mainly in the Hehuang Valley and the Hengduan Mountains area; the secondary high frequency areas are located in the valley area of South Tibet and the peripheral area of the Hehuang valley. Finally, we found that the highest critical rainfall value of flood disasters in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is in the southern area of the plateau, followed by the eastern and southeastern parts of the plateau, and the lowest values are in the central, western and northern parts of the Plateau.

Purpose To investigate the status of surgical site infection after prosthesis-based breast reconstruction in a single center and evaluate the role of an evidence-based protocol in infection control in immediate prosthesis-based breast reconstruction. Method Two cohorts are included in our study. In the first cohort, a retrospective analysis of consecutive post-mastectomy prosthesis-based reconstructions performed between June of 2010 and April of 2018 at Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine was performed. We reviewed clinicopathological information and the surgical outcomes through the medical record and questionnaire. Then we developed an evidence-based perioperative infection prevention protocol marked by preoperative decolonization and sterility optimization according literatures. In the second cohort, patients had undergone prosthesis-based breast reconstruction after protocol implementation between July of 2018 and April of 2019. We compared the surgical outcomes between this two cohort. In this study a patient was considered to have infection if she had any of these: (1) local inflammatory symptoms in breast that requires intravenous antibiotics or surgical intervention, (2) purulent drainage, (3) pathogenic culture positive. Infections requiring surgical intervention were defined as severe infections. T test was used to analyze quantitative data, Fisher’s two-tailed exact test was used to compare qualitative data. A multi-factor logistic regression analysis was used to analyze risk factors. Results In the first cohort,108 reconstruction procedures were performed among 93 patients. Median follow-up time was 17.5 months. The infection rate was 23.1%(25/108). Three prosthesis were explanted at postoperative 30 days, 50 days and 15 months respectively. The prosthesis salvage rate and total explantation rate were 88%(22/25), 2.8%(3/108) respectively. Culture was performed in only 17 patients with 24 samples. Pathogens were found in 4 samples: S.aureus(n=2), enterococci(n=1) and serratia marcescens(n=1). The average duration of prophylactic antibiotics was 5.4±3.9 days. Cephalosporin was the main prophylactic antibiotics. Therapeutic antibiotics for infected patients were mainly based on empirical agents, with vancomycin widely used. A multi-factor regression analysis indicated that large volume prothesis (V>400CC) was an independent risk factor of severe infection (p Conclusions Our single center data indicated that incidence of peri-prosthesis infection seems high in medium-sized hospitals in eastern China, but explantation rate is still very low. The evidence-based protocol was associated with a significant decline in infection rates among prosthesis-based breast reconstruction patients. In addition, there are many urgent problems such as inadequate application of prophylactic antibiotics, poor awareness of bacterial culture. We will continue to use this protocol in our practice to control infection. Table 1. Schematic of evidence-based protocolPreoperativeIntraoperativePostoperative*nasal swab culture*intravenous cefazolin(swab negative)or vancomycin(swab MRSA)* prophylactic antibiotics for 24 hours* chlorhexidine* chlorhexidine prep*drain removal in 3 weeks after surgery*intranasal mupirocin*glove change*re-draping*prosthesis minimal touch*betadine and antibiotics (cefazolin, gentamicin) irrigation* betadine and antibiotics rinse pocket*dermabond dressing for incision and drains Citation Format: Liu Jian, Guo Jufeng, Hu Shufang, Nie Shijiao, Chen Qiong, Wang Shuying. A retrospective study of peri-prosthesis infection after prosthesis based breast reconstruction in a single breast center in east China and impact of an evidence-based protocol [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-14-10.

The risk posed by natural disasters can be largely reflected by hazard and vulnerability. The analysis of long-term hazard series can reveal the mechanisms by which risk changes. Drought disasters are one of the main types of disaster in the Tibet Region (TR) of China. In this study, using statistical drought disasters data in the TR from 1912 to 2012 and socio-economic statistics for five periods between 1965 and 2015, and adopting standard statistical analyses, a wavelet analysis, and a risk assessment model, we first construct the index system for drought disaster risk assessment, and then assess the risk of drought disasters and analyze the mechanisms of changes in risk. The results showed that the occurrence of drought in the TR had three distinct cycles during this study periods, with durations of 5, 15, and 27 years respectively. The frequency of drought in the TR showed increasing trends, and the cycle of drought had been prolonged. From 1965 to 2015, the risk of drought disaster in the TR is significantly increased with the growth rate of 6.8% in high-risk area. In addition, the severity of drought had enhanced, especially in Qamdo. The increased vulnerability locally and significantly enhanced hazard of drought disaster, with a shrinkage of 16.3% in the low-value area and an expansion of 7.4% in the high-value area, being the determinants of drought disaster risk. Therefore, agricultural areas of the TR are the focal locations where risk of drought disaster needs to be managed.

Using steel slag as a raw material, a new type of adsorption material has been prepared by acid modification method. The preparation conditions of modified steel slag, and the adsorption performance of the modified steel slag for uranium were analyzed by static adsorption method. Results showed that the adsorption efficiency of modified steel slag for uranium was 98.5% under the best condition. In addition, the modified steel slag was also characterized before and after modification by SEM–EDS, BET, FTIR, ICP-OES. The hydroxides and BET of the modified steel slag increased significantly, which was more conducive to the adsorption of uranium on modified steel slag.

Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 (PEBP4) has been found to be highly expressed in many tumors and to be closely related to the proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis of tumors. PEBP4 has also been found to be involved in many cancer-activated signaling pathways and to cause therapeutic resistance. In this study, we first reviewed the morphological structure and expression of PEBP4, then discussed the roles of PEBP4 in individualized treatment of some cancers, and finally explored the possibilities of cultivating PEBP4 as a therapeutic target.We also identified the main signaling pathways in which PEBP4 affects different cancers. It is here concluded that over-expression of PEBP4 can enhance the proliferation and metastasis of the cancer cells and the resistance to radiotherapy/chemotherapy in cancers.

Nobel metal modification could be a valuable method for the fabrication of advanced chemiresistive gas sensor. Herein, a series of Au loaded In-doped ZnSnO3 nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning technique. The crystal structure, morphology and chemical composition of the synthesized materials were characterized by field-emission X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), elemental mapping, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Brunauere-Emmette-Teller (BET) analyses. The optimal sensor, which was based on 0.25 mol% Au loaded In-doped ZnSnO3 nanofibers, could detect 50 ppm acetone effectively, it possessed a high response (19.3) and fast response/recovery time (10/13 s) at low operating temperature (200 °C). The enhanced gas sensing performance was mainly derived from proper introduction of Au. Since the electronic catalysis of Au nanoparticles created Schottky barrier-type junctions at Au and ZnSnO3 interfaces which could cause tremendous change of resistance and induce to high sensitivity, meanwhile the chemical catalysis of Au nanoparticles promoted the chemisorption and dissociation of gas molecules which could accelerate the reaction with gas sensing material. Moreover, the Au loaded In-doped ZnSnO3 sensors displayed certain stability under different humidity condition, it meant that the negative influence of water vapor on gas sensing performance could be inhibited by loading Au nanoparticles.

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the loading-relaxation behaviors of reconstituted shear-zone soils through drained triaxial tests. A multistage loading-relaxation approach is adopted to perform this test. The test aims to study two main issues: the inuence of relaxation on the mechanical response during reloading; and the inuence of strain rates, loading increments, and the relaxation time on the relaxation characteristics. The test results indicate that the stress-relaxation behavior of shear-zone soil is dependent on the stress and strain levels. The loading patterns prior to the stress-relaxation process affect mainly the viscoelastic behavior of the soil and subsequently inuence the initial relaxation behavior. Moreover, a reloading after a stress-relaxation process gives rise to a higher deviatoric stress owing to the viscoplastic hardening. It is further shown that the loading-relaxation behaviors can be interpreted by the viscoplastic theory. (VLID)5872667

Oxidative stress is a state of imbalance between oxidation and antioxidation. Excessive ROS levels are an important factor in tumor development. Damage stimulation and excessive activation of oncogenes cause elevated ROS production in cancer, accompanied by an increase in the antioxidant capacity to retain redox homeostasis in tumor cells at an increased level. Although moderate concentrations of ROS produced in cancer cells contribute to maintaining cell survival and cancer progression, massive ROS accumulation can exert toxicity, leading to cancer cell death. RNA modification is a posttranscriptional control mechanism that regulates gene expression and RNA metabolism, and m6A RNA methylation is the most common type of RNA modification in eukaryotes. m6A modifications can modulate cellular ROS levels through different mechanisms. It is worth noting that ROS signaling also plays a regulatory role in m6A modifications. In this review, we concluded the effects of m6A modification and oxidative stress on tumor biological functions. In particular, we discuss the interplay between oxidative stress and m6A modifications.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Sequences of the Primers and Product size in this Study. Table S2. Primary antibody information. Table S3. Pathways enrichment analysis of differently expressed genes in SHR of PGQYD-treated rats.

Macrophage mediated inflammation and foam cell formation play crucial roles in the development of atherosclerosis. MiR-375 is a small noncoding RNA that significantly implicated in multiple tumor regulation and has been emerged as a novel biomarker for type 2 diabetes. However, the exact role of miR-375 on macrophage activation remains unknown. In the present study, we observed that miR-375 expression showed an up-regulated expression in atherosclerotic aortas, as well as in bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) and mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) isolated from ApoE deficiency mice and was gradually increased followed the Ox-LDL treated time. Functionally, miR-375 inhibition significantly decreased foam cell formation accompanied by up-regulated genes expression involved in cholesterol efflux but reduced genes expression implicated in cholesterol influx. Moreover, miR-375 silencing increased resolving M2 macrophage but reduced pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage markers expression. Such above effects can be reversed by miR-375 overexpression. Mechanistically, we noticed that miR-375 knockdown promoted KLF4 expression which was required for the ameliorated effect of miR-375 silencing on macrophage activation. Importantly, the consistent results in mRNA expression of M1 and M2 markers were observed in vivo, and miR-375-/-ApoE-/- mice significant decreased atherosclerotic lesions in the whole aorta and aortic sinus. Taken together, these evidences suggested that miR-375 knockdown attenuated macrophage activation partially through activation of KLF4-dependent mechanism.

BackgroundPost-intensive care syndrome (PICS) seriously affects the quality of life of patients and their caregivers. This study systematically evaluates PICS related guidelines and consensuses to provide methodological and strategic guidance for the development and improvement of these guidelines and consensus.MethodsAn Internet search of PICS specific or related guidelines and consensus statements was conducted among academic databases and the websites. The AGREE II was used to evaluate their methodological quality. The themes and contents were evaluated based on the definition of PICS and the “patient-clinical problem-intervention-target” framework.ResultsWe included fourteen guidelines and 10 expert consensuses. The mean AGREE II score for scope and purpose was 86.89% ± 16.12%/ 79.47% ± 11.80%, 55.86% ± 29.17%/16.72% ± 16.39% for stakeholder involvement, 76.35% ± 15.82% /36.09% ±26.05% for rigor of development, 88.03% ± 15.55%/58.84% ± 28.94% for clarity of presentation, 61.79% ± 23.16/32.95% ± 20.91% for applicability, and 66.67% ± 37.96% /28.79% ± 36.54% for editorial independence in Guidelines/Consensus. Most only described a single or series of clinical related issues of PICS; only applicable for critically ill patients with clinical problems of ICUAW, pain, sleep disruption, agitation, and delirium. The interventions included risk assessment, monitoring/diagnosis, prevention, treatment, safety criteria, and home care of one or more symptoms of PICS.ConclusionsOur results suggested that development and improvement of guidelines/consensus should focus on refining the methodology, strengthening quality control, and improving presentation clarity, editorial independence, and applicability. The results may provide new idea for a future guidelines and consensus statements.

Background Increasing research suggests that mitochondrial defect plays a major role in pulmonary hypertension (PH) pathogenesis. Mitochondrial dynamics and quality control have a central role in the maintenance of the cell proliferation and apoptosis balance. However, the molecular mechanism underlying of this balance is still unknown. Methods To clarify the biological effects of hypoxic air exposure and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) and pulmonary arterial hypertension rats, the cells were cultured in a hypoxic chamber under oxygen concentrations. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species level, cell death, mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial function and mitochondrial biosynthesis, as well as fission-and fusion-related proteins, were measured under hypoxic conditions. In addition, rats were maintained under hypoxic conditions, and the right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy index and right ventricular weight/body weight ratio were examined and recorded. Further, we assessed the role of HIF-1α in the development and progression of PH using HIF-1α gene knockdown using small interfering RNA transfection. Mdivi-1 treatment was performed before hypoxia to inhibit dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). Results We found that HIF-1α expression was increased during hypoxia, which was crucial for hypoxia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and hypoxia-stimulated PASMCs proliferation and apoptosis. We also found that targeting mitochondrial fission Drp1 by mitochondrial division inhibitor Mdivi-1 was effective in PH model rats. The results showed that mitochondrial dynamics were involved in the pulmonary vascular remodeling under hypoxia in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, HIF-1α also modulated mitochondrial dynamics in pulmonary vascular remodeling under hypoxia through directly regulating the expression of Drp1. Conclusions In conclusion, our data suggests that abnormal mitochondrial dynamics could be a marker for the early diagnosis of PH and monitoring disease progression. Further research is needed to study the signaling pathways that govern mitochondrial fission/fusion in PH.

Background The rice striped stem borer (SSB), Chilo suppressalis (Walker), is one of the most economically important and destructive rice pests in China. To date, the efficiency of conventional insecticides has decreased greatly because of the development of high resistance. Since the introduction of chlorantraniliprole in 2008, SSB has presented resistance issues. Results In this study, laboratory resistant strains R1 and R2 [resistance ratio (RR) of 38.8 and 110.4, respectively] were established and a field population HR (RR of 249.6) was collected. Synergist assessment and enzyme activity data suggested the potential involvement of P450s and esterases in the resistance mechanism. No target (ryanodine receptor, RyR) mutation was found in R1, but a novel mutation Y4667D was found in R2. At the same position of RyR in HR strain, Y4667D and Y4667C were observed at low frequencies. In addition, the conserved mutation I4758M was found with a frequency of 94.4%. RyR mRNA expression was significantly lower in R1, R2 and HR than in S. When treated with chlorantraniliprole, RyR mRNA expression in all four strains was downregulated to ∼ 50%. Conclusions A comprehensive analysis, including biochemical, target mutations and target mRNA expression, was conducted in an attempt to interpret the chlorantraniliprole resistance mechanism in both laboratory and field SSB strains. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Chilo suppressalis (Walker; Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is one of the most damaging rice pests in China. Insecticides play a major role in its management. We describe how we monitored the resistance of C. suppressalis to four insecticides in seven field populations from Jiangxi, Hubei, and Hunan Provinces, China, in 2014-2016. The topical application method for resistance monitoring was suitable for triazophos, monosultap, and abamectin. The conventional rice seedling dipping method proved ineffective for testing chlorantraniliprole so the new artificial diet incorporation method was substituted. This new method provided more consistent results than the other methods, once baseline toxicity data had been established. All populations had moderate to high resistance to triazophos from 2014 to 2016. Monosultap resistance in two populations increased from low in 2014 to moderate in 2016 and the other five populations showed moderate to high-level resistance throughout. Abamectin resistance in three populations increased from sensitive or low in 2014 to moderate in 2015-2016, and the other populations had moderate to high levels of resistance. Resistance to chlorantraniliprole increased from sensitive or low in 2014 to moderate to high in 2016. These results suggested that resistance management strategies should be developed according to the needs of a specific location. It was suggested that, in these localities, organophosphate insecticides should be prohibited, the application of nereistoxin, macrolide antibiotic, and diamide insecticides should be limited, and other insecticides, including spinetoram and methoxyfenozide, that exhibited no resistance should be used rationally and in rotation to delay resistance development.

Online Real-Time Bidding (RTB) is a complex auction game among which advertisers struggle to bid for ad impressions when a user request occurs. Considering display cost, Return on Investment (ROI), and other influential Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), large ad platforms try to balance the trade-off among various goals in dynamics. To address the challenge, we propose a Multi-ObjecTive Actor-Critics algorithm based on reinforcement learning (RL), named MoTiAC, for the problem of bidding optimization with various goals. In MoTiAC, objective-specific agents update the global network asynchronously with different goals and perspectives, leading to a robust bidding policy. Unlike previous RL models, the proposed MoTiAC can simultaneously fulfill multi-objective tasks in complicated bidding environments. In addition, we mathematically prove that our model will converge to Pareto optimality. Finally, experiments on a large-scale real-world commercial dataset from Tencent verify the effectiveness of MoTiAC versus a set of recent approaches, Accepted in ECML-PKDD 2022. Zhou and Yang made equal contributions

Additional file 1: Fig. S1 Sequence alignment of the toxR genes of Vibrio species. The name of the corresponding species is indicated on the left of each sequence. GenBank numbers of the toxR genes of the species are EU155543.1, DQ640258.1, AB175481.1, EU727207.1, EU727208.1, AB029907.1, MF100077.1, and AB042547.1 (from top to bottom). Diverged regions are indicated by the black boxes. Fig. S2 Sequence alignment of the toxR genes of V. alginolyticus pathogenic strains. Information of the corresponding strain is indicated on the left of each sequence. GenBank numbers of the toxR genes of the strains are EU155543.1, CP014036.1, AB372531.1, AB372526.1, CP014036.1, and JN188451.1 (from top to bottom). The conserved region is indicated by the black box. Fig. S3. Sequences targeted by primer-probe set F2/Probe 2/R in the toxR genes of Vibrio species and other bacteria. The name of the corresponding species is indicated on the left of each sequence. GenBank numbers of the toxR genes of the species are EU155543.1, HQ452616.1, LT797832.1, NC_002516.2, NC_012214.1, AY751345.1, JX401922.1, HQ318823.1, KU760757.1, KX280762.1, AF414370.1, MF100077.1, NC_006370.1, AM183574.1, and AB042547.1 (from top to bottom). The targeted regions by the forward primer (F), the probe (P) and the reverse primer (R) are indicated by the black boxes. Sequences targeted by primer-probe set F2/Probe 2/R in the toxR genes of Vibrio species and other bacteria. GenBank numbers of the toxR genes of the species are EU155543.1, KT265743.1, HQ452618.1, EU727207.1, AY751346.1, GQ455024.1, AY751359.1, AY751341.1, AY751340.1, AY751337.1, L29053.1, AY247418.1, AF170885.1, UHIH01000001.1, and AF170884.1 (from top to bottom). Sequences targeted by primer-probe set F2/Probe 2/R in the toxR genes of Vibrio species and other bacteria. GenBank numbers of the toxR genes of the species are EU155543.1, EU155587.1, NC_016613.1, FM999823.1, AY751344.1, AY751342.1, AY751343.1, AF170881.1, EU727208.1, KF322110.1, and HQ452617.1 (from top to bottom). Fig. S4. Agarose gel image of the PCR detection of V. alginolyticus in shrimp samples. Sample numbers are indicated on the wells of the gel. The DNA ladder was run in the last lane of each row. The band sizes of the DNA ladder are shown on the right of each row. Table S1. Strain information of bacteria used in this study and RPA-LFD detection results.

Additional file 8: Supplemental Table 1. The basic information of 20 NSCLC patients for LINC00173.v1 RT-qPCR analysis. Supplemental Table 2. The basic information of 43 patients with benign lung disease for LINC00173.v1 in situ hybridization analysis. Supplemental Table 3. The basic information of 396 patients with NSCLC for LINC00173.v1 in situ hybridization analysis. Supplemental Table 4. A list of primers used in the reactions for clone PCR. Supplemental Table 5. A list of primers used in the reactions for RT-qPCR. Supplemental Table 6. A list of primers used in the reactions for CHIP assay. Supplemental Table 7. The relationship between LINC00173.v1 expression level and clinical pathological characteristics in 396 patients with NSCLC. Supplemental Table 8. The relationship between LINC00173.v1 expression level and clinical pathological characteristics in 248 patients with lung SQC.

Extensive clogging occurs to the blind drainage due to the high clay content of the expansive soil slope and the distinctly different grain composition between the matrix and the sand cushion. Thus, a novel composite plastic blind drainage was designed and its seepage performance was explored by laboratory filter test. Compared to the conventional system, adopting the new plastic blind drainage significantly reduced the demand of sand and gravel for field application. The results from the laboratory tests revealed that, the seepage of the drainage system with this novel composite plastic blind drainage functioned steadily in the long-term.

Zi-Kang Luo,1,* Qiong-Feng Chen,2,* Xiaoqin Qu,2 Xiao-Yan Zhou2,3 1Department of Clinical Medical, The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People’s Republic of China; 3Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xiao-Yan ZhouDepartment of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, 461 BaYi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 791 86360556Email zhouxiaoyan@ncu.edu.cnAbstract: Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 (PEBP4) has been found to be highly expressed in many tumors and to be closely related to the proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis of tumors. PEBP4 has also been found to be involved in many cancer-activated signaling pathways and to cause therapeutic resistance. In this study, we first reviewed the morphological structure and expression of PEBP4, then discussed the roles of PEBP4 in individualized treatment of some cancers, and finally explored the possibilities of cultivating PEBP4 as a therapeutic target.We also identified the main signaling pathways in which PEBP4 affects different cancers. It is here concluded that over-expression of PEBP4 can enhance the proliferation and metastasis of the cancer cells and the resistance to radiotherapy/chemotherapy in cancers.Keywords: PEBP4, signaling pathway, targeted therapy

Rationale: Chordomas are rare malignant neoplasms arised from residual embryonic notochordal tissue, mostly located in the axial midline. Tumors along extra-axial locations in the head and neck are rare. Chordomas located in the jugular foramen are extremely rare, with a low incidence of 0.2%. Patient concerns: A 64-year-old male with 20 years of dizziness history complaining of 6 months of severe dizziness: significant with the changing of the body posture, vertigo which can be self-remissioned within 1 minute and hearing loss of both ears, without headache, nausea, dysphagia, or otalgia. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed before surgery which suggests various possibilities. Immunohistochemistry helped to confirm the final diagnosis. Diagnoses: Immunohistochemistry demonstrated diffuse positivity for S100 (+++), positivity for D2-40 (focal +), EMA (+), and PR (+). Ki-67 labeling index was estimated at 2% focally. The final diagnosis was chordoma. Interventions: The tumor was excised via retro-sigmoid approach without postoperative radiotherapy. Outcomes: Facial paralysis occurred in this case. House–Brackmann facial nerve grading system was used to evaluate the facial paralysis of this patient. It is considered as H-B grade IV. The patient was followed up regularly every month after operation, totally for 9 months. An MRI of the brain was performed 6 months after surgery which shows a small range of abnormal signals similar to the previous MRI in the jugular foramen, suggesting that there may be residual or recurrent tumor. And facial paralysis stays at H-B grade IV without any recovery. Lessons: It is a big challenge for us to remove giant tumors located in the jugular foramen because of its unique anatomy. Access should be combined with retro-sigmoid or infra-temporal fossa approach to remove such tumors. Chordomas is a malignant neoplasm which may need radiotherapy after surgery, particularly those with subtotal and partial resection.

Tai Chi as a form of moderate aerobic exercise originating in China, could promote balance and healing of the mind-body. Furthermore, Tai Chi has been used as an adjunctive treatment for patients with schizophrenia. However, no meta-analysis or systematic review on adjunctive Tai Chi for patients with schizophrenia has yet been reported.A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to examine the efficacy of Tai Chi as an adjunctive treatment for schizophrenia using randomized controlled trial (RCT) data.Two evaluators independently and systematically searched both English- and Chinese-language databases for RCTs of Tai Chi for schizophrenia patients, selected studies, extracted data, conducted quality assessment and data synthesis. Statistical analyses were performed using the Review Manager (version 5.3). The Cochrane Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess the strength of the evidence.In 6 RCTs conducted in mainland China and Hong Kong, there were 483 participants including 215 subjects in the intervention group and 268 subjects in the control group. The trials lasted 16.0 (6.2) weeks. Compared to control group, we found significant differences regarding improvement of negative symptoms assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) negative symptom sub-score (2 trials) and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) (3 trials) over the study period in the intervention group (5 trials with 6 treatment arms, n=451, SMD: -0.87 (95%CI: -1.51, -0.24),The data available on the effectiveness of adjunctive Tai Chi in patients with schizophrenia who are receiving antipsychotic is insufficient to arrive at a definitive conclusion about its efficacy. Furthermore, follow-up time in the available studies was relatively short, and all studies did not use blinded assessment of outcome measures. High-quality randomized trials are needed to inform clinical recommendations.太极拳起源于中国，是一种适度的有氧运动， 可促进身心的平衡和康复。这一运动已用作精神分裂 症患者的辅助治疗。然而，还没有关于太极拳辅助治 疗精神分裂症患者的meta 分析或系统综述的报告。.用随机对照试验（RCT）的数据进行系统综述 和meta 分析来检验太极拳辅助治疗精神分裂症患者的 疗效。.两位评估者各自系统地检索中英文数据库中 用太极拳治疗精神分裂症患者的RCT 研究，并进行 研究项目的选择、数据提取、质量评估和数据合并。 采用Review Manager（版本5.3）进行统计分析。采 用推荐分级的评估、制定与评价（Cochrane Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation，GRADE）来评估证据的强度。.在中国大陆和香港进行的6 项RCTS 研究中，共 有483 名参与者，其中干预组215 例，对照组268 例。 试验平均持续16.0（6.2）周。我们发现在研究期间， 干预组阴性症状改善情况与对照组相比有显著差异[5 项试验，6 个治疗组，n=451, SMD: -0.87 (95%CI: -1.51, -0.24), p=0.007; I2=90%]，其中2 项研究用阳性和阴性症 状量表（PANSS）中的阴性症状分量表评估，另外3 项 用阴性症状评定量表（SANS）评估。此外，研究期间 研究组与对照组间阳性症状的改善没有显著性差异[4 项试验，5 个治疗组，n=391, SMD: -0.09 (95%CI: -0.44, 0.26), p=0.60; I2=65%]，其中2 项研究用PANSS 阳性症 状分量表评估，2 项用阳性症状评定量表（SAPS）。 所有纳入的RCT 研究均未报告不良反应。根据GRADE 评估，主要结局指标的证据强度“很低”。.抗精神病药辅以太极拳治疗精神分裂症患者的 疗效的数据尚不足，难于得出该疗效如何的明确结论。 此外，纳入研究的随访时间相对较短，所有的研究评 估结局指标时都没有使用盲法。需要有高质量的随机 试验才能做出临床建议。.

Piezoelectric elements have been commonly used because of their wide applications in sensors, transducers, and some micro intelligent structures. However, in the fields of aviation, aerospace, and automation, some relevant equipment works in a harsh environment and is susceptible to the temperature change, thereby leading its performances to be greatly affected. Therefore, the problem of nonlinear wave relating to piezoelectric circular rods in different temperature fields is studied by modeling and numerical analysis. Firstly, based on the theory of finite deformation, we take infinite piezoelectric circular rod as a research object and consider the effects of transverse inertia and equivalent Poisson's ratio under the thermoelectric coupling action. Using the Hamilton principle and introducing the Euler equation, the longitudinal wave equation of piezoelectric circular rod is obtained. Secondly, Jacobi elliptic cosine function and Jacobi elliptic sine function expansion method are used to solve the wave equation of the piezoelectric circular rod, and the solitary wave solution and the exact periodic solution of the wave equation are obtained. It is found that the periodic solution can be reduced into a solitary wave solution under certain conditions, and it is proved theoretically that there may be solitary wave stably propagating in a piezoelectric circular rod. Finally, the dispersion curves of different wave velocity ratios and the curves about influences of temperature field on the waveform, amplitude and wave number of the piezoelectric rod are obtained by Matlab. The numerical results show that the wave velocity decreases with the increase of temperature when the wave velocity ratio is constant. Given the temperature is constant, it can be found that with the increase of the ratio, the amplitude of solitary wave gradually increases while the wavelength gradually decreases. In addition, the images obtained show that although temperature change can cause the characteristics of solitary waves to change, the solitary waves are always symmetrical bell shaped waves in the propagation process, reflecting the stability characteristics under the combined action of nonlinear and dispersion effects. Therefore, the variation of temperature field can influence and control some propagation characteristics of solitary waves. Moreover, the wave theory has been widely used in the nondestructive testing of structures and the improving of information transmission quality due to its special stability.

The southwestern Yunnan Province of China, which is located at the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and close to Bay of Bengal, is significantly influenced by the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM). In this study, we reconstruct proxies for the ISM from 35 to 1 ka through detailed analysis of grain-size distribution, geochemical composition and environmental magnetism from a 7.96 m sediment core from Tengchongqinghai Lake, Yunnan Province, China. Globally recognized, abrupt climatic events, including Heinrich Events 0–3 (H0−H3) and the Bølling-Allerød (B/A) warm period are identified in most of our proxies, and the long-term trend is consistent with other published records such as stalagmite oxygen isotopes (δ18O) from Sangxing Cave. Northern Hemisphere (NH) temperature, which is influenced by NH solar insolation, is commonly suggested to play a dominant role in controlling the ISM. A comparison of our record with the δ18O variations of ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica, a sea surface temperature (SST) record from the Bay of Bengal, and summer solar insolation at 25°N latitude demonstrates that the general pattern of ISM change does follow variations in summer insolation; however, the ISM lags summer insolation by thousands of years. While the ISM fluctuations are highly correlated with NH temperature on shorter timescales (centennial-millennial), the gradually weakened ISM from 22.5 ka until the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) indicates a close relationship with the rise of Southern Hemisphere (SH) temperature and the relatively cold background of the SH. Our record expands on the findings of ISM records from Heqing paleolake basin in southwestern China and the Arabian Sea sediments, suggesting that the NH and SH have a competitive influence on ISM by controlling the cross-equatorial pressure gradient. This relationship means that when NH temperatures are relatively high, it has a stronger influence on the ISM than SH influences. In contrast, when the SH temperature is relatively low, it has a dominant influence on ISM. In addition, we speculate that the change of SH temperature not only influences the cross-equatorial pressure gradient directly, but also likely modulates the circulation system of ocean energy by influencing the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC).

Table S1. Baseline characteristics of the patients from the neuroICU and the healthy subjects. Table S2. Comparison of β-diversity between patients with different primary diagnoses and healthy controls. Table S3. Baseline characteristics of patients with critically ill stroke and the healthy subjects. (DOCX 25 kb)