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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism underpinning the effeicay of Shugan Sanjie decoction (疏肝散结汤, SGSJD) on plasma cell mastitis (PCM) based on network pharmacology, and to verify it through in vitro. METHODS: Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine were used to screen effective compounds and drug targets; Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man and GeneCards were used to search for PCM targets. The potential targets of SGSJD in treating PCM were obtained after the drug targets and disease targets were crossed. Cytoscape software was used to establish and analyze the network of Chinese medicines-active compounds-targets-disease; STRING database platform was used to analyze Protein Protein Interaction network; Bioconductor software package was used to perform Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment for potential targets. Western blot analysis was used to verify the janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway in vitro. RESULTS: (a) 47 potential pharmacological components of SGSJD treatment of PCM were screened including quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol and others; 20 common targets were obtained, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), epidermal growth factor receptor, estrogen receptor 1, nitric oxide synthase 3 and others; a number of signal pathways were available, of which advanced glycation end product/ receptor for advanced glycation end products signaling pathway in diabetic complications, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signaling pathway and janus tyrosine kinase-signal transducer and transcription activator (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway were the main signal pathways related to PCM. (b) Compared with the Blank group, the expressions of p-JAK2/JAK2, p-STAT3/STAT3 and IL-6 protein in the Model group were significantly increased (P < 0.01); Compared with the Model group, the expression of p-JAK2/JAK2, p-STAT3/STAT3, and IL-6 protein in the treatment group were significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Compared with the Model group, the dexamethasone significantly reduced the expression of p-JAK2/JAK2, p-STAT3/STAT3, and IL-6 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The SGSJD may regulate the JAK-STAT signaling pathway to achieve the effect of treating PCM by reducing the expression of p-JAK2/JAK2, p-STAT3/STAT3 and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner.

Additional file 9: Supplementary Table S4. Correspondence between the DE R2R3_MYBs of Brassica species and Arabidopsis.

Additional file 9: Supplementary Table S4. Correspondence between the DE R2R3_MYBs of Brassica species and Arabidopsis.

Additional file 8: Supplementary Table S3. Correspondence between 12 cluster tree subfamilies of Brassica R2R3_MYB family and 25 cluster tree subfamilies of Arabidopsis.

Stock (Matthiola incana (L.) R. Br.) is a famous annual ornamental plant with important ornamental and economic value. The lack of DNA molecular markers has limited genetic analysis, genome evolution, and marker-assisted selective breeding studies of M. incana. Therefore, more DNA markers are needed to support the further elucidation of the biology and genetics of M. incana. In this study, a high-quality genome of M. incana was initially assembled and a set of effective SSR primers was developed at the whole-genome level using genome data. A total of 45,612 loci of SSRs were identified; the di-nucleotide motifs were the most abundant (77.35%). In total, 43,540 primer pairs were designed, of which 300 were randomly selected for PCR validation, and as the success rate for amplification. In addition, 22 polymorphic SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 40 stock varieties. Clustering analysis showed that all varieties could be divided into two clusters with a genetic distance of 0.68, which were highly consistent with their flower shape (potted or cut type). Moreover, we have verified that these SSR markers are effective and transferable within the Brassicaceae family. In this study, potential SSR molecular markers were successfully developed for 40 M. incana varieties using whole genome analysis, providing an important genetic tool for theoretical and applied research on M. incana.

The ingestion of foreign bodies is not uncommon in clinical settings. In most cases, foreign objects will pass through the gastrointestinal tract without causing any damage (1,2). However, a few articles have reported that foreign bodies can perforate the stomach or intestines, leading to liver abscesses (3-5). As patients rarely remember the history of ingestion of foreign bodies and the clinical manifestations are not specific, diagnoses can be challenging (1,3). This case report describes a patient who experienced unexplained abdominal pain without obvious infection symptoms, which was found to be caused by a bamboo toothpick in the liver. Due to a lack of any special medical history and based on the patient’s symptoms, the presence of a foreign body was finally diagnosed by liver ultrasound and computed tomography (CT). The patient’s condition had been stable. This type of situation is rare.

Icing disasters on power grid transmission lines can easily lead to major accidents, such as wire breakage and tower overturning, that endanger the safe operation of the power grid. Short-term prediction of transmission line icing relies to a large extent on accurate prediction of daily minimum temperature. This study therefore proposes a LightGBM low-temperature prediction model based on LassoCV feature selection. A data set comprising four meteorological variables was established, and time series autocorrelation coefficients were first used to determine the hysteresis characteristics in relation to the daily minimum temperature. Subsequently, the LassoCV feature selection method was used to select the meteorological elements that are highly related to minimum temperature, with their lag characteristics, as input variables, to eliminate noise in the original meteorological data set and reduce the complexity of the model. On this basis, the LightGBM low-temperature prediction model is established. The model was optimized through grid search and crossvalidation and validated using daily minimum surface temperature data from Yongshan County (station number 56489), Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province. The root mean square error, MAE, and MAPE of the model minimum temperature prediction after feature selection are shown to be 1.305, 0.999, and 0.112, respectively. These results indicate that the LightGBM prediction model is effective at predicting low temperatures and can be used to support short-term icing prediction.

GF-3 satellite is a remote sensing satellite, and it can provide data support for multiple fields, including transmission line and tower location surveillance. However, the existence of system errors reduces the accuracy of location, which restricts the generalization of GF-3 to those applications. Geometric rectification technique is focused on the elimination of system errors and geometric distortion in SAR images. In this paper, focused on the accurate transmission line and tower location, the DEM-based system errors calibration method is proposed, which is used for electrical power system. The experimental results show that the location accuracy of our method reaches the level of no more than 20 meters compared with the geolocation accuracy of 100 meters with real time ephemeris.

The unique geographical features and changeable climatic of Yunnan Province make the forest fire prone and frequent. Aiming at the problem of forest fire that may be suffered by overhead transmission lines and power grid equipment in Yunnan Province, the research on forest fire spread was carried out, and the method of combining Rothermel model and Huygens principle was mainly used to simulate forest fire spread. On this basis, the powerful graphic processing capabilities and spatial analysis capabilities of ArcGIS are used to graphically display the spread process to improve usability and visibility.

How to detect forest fire on time is an important social problem. Remote sensing detection with large detection areas and high time resolution has become a popular method in detecting forest fire. Therefore, we propose a new method of detecting forest fire based on Himawari-8 geostationary satellite data. The detection algorithm used is the GBDT(Gradient Boost Decision Tree) machine learning combined with multi-temporal information referred to as MT-GBDT algorithm. Considering the characteristics of Yunnan Province, the algorithm of this paper uses contextual algorithms to filter potential fire points. Then, combined with multi-temporal information, we processed the potential fire point by using the diurnal temperature cycle (DTC) model. Finally, we used GBDT machine learning model to process the information obtained in the above steps. Result shows that the fire point information with high accuracy is obtained. The probability of false detection is 18%, and the probability of detection is 86%. Compared with the existing three methods, MT-GBDT algorithm successfully detects most forest fires, while other algorithms omit many forest fires, and the probability of detection is 40% to 50%.

In this paper, we propose a projection-type multiview holographic three-dimensional (3-D) display using a single spatial light modulator (SLM) and a directional diffractive device, where a phase-only Fresnel hologram is calculated and displayed on the SLM to reconstruct the multiview hybrid image of a 3-D object for providing the amplitude information of a multiview light field, and a directional diffractive device covered with many pixelated gratings is designed to guide different reconstructed perspectives into different viewing zones for expressing the phase information of the light field. Furthermore, a four-view directional diffractive device is fabricated by using the pixelated holographic exposure method, and its optical properties are also measured under a collimated illumination of the green reconstruction laser with the designed wavelength. In addition, an experimental verification system is constructed to demonstrate a four-view 3-D display. The recorded experimental results confirm that a crosstalk-free four-view light field is created, which is beneficial from the precise alignment between the directional diffractive device and the reconstructed image. Moreover, the capability of dynamic display with the proposed system is also tested by refreshing the SLM with the sequential holograms, and the captured videos show a promising potential for the real-time multiview holographic 3-D projectors.

The Yunnan power grid has the characteristics of wide distribution and large geometric size, which makes the power grid vulnerable to natural disasters such as wildfires. The unique topography and climatic conditions of transmission lines crossing mountains, forests and other zones can easily lead to the outbreak of mountain fires, or even the tripping of transmission lines. In serious cases, transmission towers may be destroyed, thus causing major power accidents. The occurrence of mountain fire is closely related to topographic factors, and the change of each topographic factor (elevation, slope, slope direction, etc.) has a certain influence on fire. This paper mainly studies the relationship between three terrain factors and fire. Based on the statistical analysis of remote sensing data from 2005 to 2020, the terrain features and their influence of fire spots in Yunnan province were analyzed. The results show that most of the fires occur within the range of 1000-2000m above sea level, and the fires occur frequently. The frequency of fire occurring below 1000m and above 2000m is low. The occurrence frequency of fire is higher in the gentle slope range, among which, the number of fire point samples is the largest within the range of 5°-15°, followed by 0°-5°and less than 15°.In this paper, eight slopes are divided to make statistics of fire points, and the number of fires in different slopes also fluctuates, among which the south slope has the highest fire risk, accounting for 16.0%.The West Slope accounted for only 10.0%, with the lowest fire risk. Terrain factor is a fixed variable that has a fixed influence on the regional fire risk. Therefore, terrain analysis of fire is of great significance for the prevention of mountain fires in power grid.

We are reporting on a laser-based absolute spectral responsivity scale in the mid-infrared spectral range. By using a mid-infrared tunable optical parametric oscillator as the laser source, the absolute responsivity scale has been established by calibrating thin-film thermopile detectors against an absolute cryogenic radiometer. The thin-film thermopile detectors can be then used as transfer standard detectors. The extended uncertainty of the absolute spectral responsivity measurement has been analyzed to be 0.58%–0.68% (k = 2).

OPTICA APPLICATA; 04/2018; ISSN 1429-7507

We demonstrated calibration on the detection efficiency of Si-avalanche photodiode (APD) and InGaAs-APD singlephoton detectors by correlated photon pairs at 780 nm and 1550 nm, respectively. The correlated photons were generated by spontaneous frequency down-conversion in a periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate crystal (PPKTP) pumped by a pulsed fiber laser. The uncertainty of ~10-4 on detection efficiency was obtained for both single-photon detectors.

The features of the abnormal microstructure during the austenitic decomposition in Fe–1.1%C alloy under different magnetic field intensity have been investigated by optical microscopy. It was found that the high magnetic field considerably affects the abnormal microstructure in Fe–1.1%C alloy. The high magnetic field increases the area fraction and width of the abnormal microstructure through remarkably decreasing the Gibbs energy needed for the ferrite transformation. Simultaneously, due to the fact that the Ae1 line shifts to high temperature side with the increase of magnetic field intensity, the abnormal microstructure transformation is imposed to stop and the pearlite transformation begins. Therefore, the area fraction of the abnormal microstructure firstly increases and then decreases with the increase of the magnetic field intensity.

Single photon detectors nowadays are widely used in numerous applications such as quantum cryptography, laser ranging, single molecule spectroscopy and so on. And the calibration of the detection efficiency is quite important for some of the applications. In recent years, researchers find that correlated photon pairs can be employed to calibrate the detection efficiency of single-photon detectors with quite high precision. Firstly, we calibrated the InGaAs single photon detector quantum efficiency at 1550nm by correlated photon pairs. Consistency between the measurement result using correlated photon pairs and the reference value is better than 0.8%. Secondly, the detectors are calibrated with an attenuated laser source. Thirdly, the two methods for measuring the quantum efficiency of single photon detectors, correlated photon pairs and laser attenuation, respectively, are discussed and analyzed in detail. Finally, results derived from the two methods have been compared with each other.

In this paper, absolute spectral responsivity and relative spectral responsivity of silicon trap detectors are presented. The absolute spectral responsivity calibrated with absolute cryogenic radiometer at seven wavelengths between 488nm and 1064nm. The absolute spectral responsivity scale is obtained in the spectral range from 400nm to 1100nm. The external quantum efficiency of the silicon trap detector is investigated.

Allelopathic inhibition activities of four submerged macrophytes (Potamogeton maackianus, Vallisneria spiralis, Elodea nuttalli Ceratophyllum demersum) on Microcystis aeruginosa are investigated by a series of experiments in a short-term bioassay. Individual algal test reveals culture solution of P. maackianus and C. demersum have better effects on algal growth inhibition. Furthermore, continuous addition assays show strong growth inhibition by culture solution. Inhibitory activity is different in aquatic extracts from different section of P. maackianus. Removing the disturbance of microorganism by autoclaving influences algal assay. These results provide that unstable and excreting continuously allelopathic compounds by submerged macrophytes are the primary cause of algal growth inhibition. Interference with algal growth experiments was investigated in microorganism and nutrient elements of nitrogen and phosphorus.

The essential oils from leaves of Ceratophyllum demersum L. and Vallisneria spiralis L. from China were isolated by steam distillation in yields of 0.15% and 0.10%, respectively, and their chemical composition was examined by GC and GC–MS. More than 50 constituents were identified, representing 87% of the total oils. The main components were basically the same in the two plants' essential oils. 2-Methylpropanoic acid 3-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethylpentyl ester (>15%), 2-methylpropanoic acid 2,2-dimethyl-1-(2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)propyl ester (>3%), β-ionone-5,6-epoxide (>7%), toluene (>6%), hexanal (>5%) and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid di(2-methylpropyl) ester (>5%) were the major components. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The developmental thresholds and number of degree-days needed to complete development were determined for the immature stages and the preovipositional period of the pumpkin fly, Bactrocera tau at 6 constant temperatures (19, 22, 25, 28, 31 and 34 °C). They are (threshold/degree-days) 9.32 °C/15.75 for the eggs, 6.67°C/113.82 for the larvae, 9.30°C/144.35 for the pupae and 8.56°C/180.8 for the preovipositional period. Developmental rate was related to temperature by a sigmoid curve. Gross and net fecundity, and fertility were greatest at 25 °C, although daily fecundity and fertility were greatest at 28 °C. Intrinsic and finite rates of population increase were greatest at 28 °C. Zusammenfassung Uber die Wirkung der Temperatur auf das Populationswachstum von Bactrocera tau (Walk.) (Dipt., Tephritidae) Es wurden der Entwicklungsnullpunkt und die Zahl der Tagesgrade, die zur Vollendung der Entwicklung notig sind, fur die Entwicklungsstadien und die Praovisitions-Periode der Kurbisfruchtfliege, Bactrocera tau bei 6 konstanten Temperaturen (19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34 °C) untersucht. Der Entwicklungsnullpunkt und die Tagesgrade betrugen 9,3°C/15.75 fur die Eier, 6,7°C/113,8 fur die Larven, 9,3°C/144,4 fur die Puppen und 8,6 °C/180,8 fur die Praovipositionsperiode. Das Verhaltnis von Entwicklungsrate zur Temperatur wurde durch eine Simoid-Kurve gekennzeichnet. Die Brutto-und Netto-Fekunditat und Fertilitat waren bei 25 °C am hochsten, obgleich die tagliche Fekunditat und Fertilitat bei 28 °C ihren hochsten Wert erreichten. Die Intrinsic-Endrate des Populationswachstums war bei 28 °C am grosten.

Based on object-oriented technology, analyzes the basic information model and summarizes the method and procedure of intelligent electronic devices (IED) modeling, which is explained by a protective device, concludes the problems which have come up in the process of IEC61850 Application in China. The standard named IEC61850 relay protection engineering application model which offers some effective and feasible measures is used to solve these problems in electric power system.

The study empirically investigated the effects of consumer price perception dimension and reputation dimension on attitude toward private label brands among young Swedish consumers. Consumer price perception dimension includes value consciousness, price consciousness, and price-quality association factors. Reputation dimension includes retailer’s reputation, existence of word-of-mouth (WOM), positive WOM, and negative WOM. Previous studies have found that factors under the consumer price perception dimension have an impact on attitude toward private label brands. The current study argues, based on theoretical framework, reputation dimension could also be considered as having an impact on attitude toward private label brands but that this has not been investigated before. Measurement scales for consumer price perception dimensions were taken from Baltas (1997) and Burton et al. (1998). New measurement scales were developed for factors under the reputation dimension. The reliability and validity of all the factors used in the study have been discussed. A multiple regression analysis was conducted where the private label attitude was the dependent variable and all factors under the two dimensions investigated in the study were the independent variables. The results of the analysis showed that value consciousness and price consciousness factors under the consumer price perception dimension have significant relationships with attitude toward private label brands. Similarly, retailer’s reputation, positive WOM, and negative WOM under the reputation dimension have significant relationships with attitude toward private label brands. Specifically, these three reputation dimension factors were found to have more influence on attitude toward private label brands among young Swedish consumers than the two factors found significant under the consumer price perception dimension. The major implication for the Swedish retailers is that they should put more emphasis on their own reputation (retailer’s reputation factor) and on positive WOM to develop favorable attitude toward private label brands among young Swedish consumers. They should also fight any negative WOM about their private label brands. In addition, the Swedish retailers should try to promote the quality aspect of their private label brands to the young Swedish consumers as value consciousness was found to be a significant determinant across the most of the demographic variables studied here.