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A close relationship of the three Old World taenitidoid genera Austrogramme, Syngramma and Taenitis was traditionally suggested on the basis of morphology, and later gained further support from molecular phylogenetic analyses. However, due to insufficient sampling, the monophyly and intrageneric and interspecific relationships of these genera are still largely untested, and the systematic value of diagnostic morphological characteristics is unclear. In this study, we generated a molecular phylogenetic tree with 18 species representing nearly half of the known species diversity for this group. In addition to macromorphological characteristics, we also observed microscopic characteristics, including soral paraphyses and spores. Our results confirm the monophyly of the three genera and their delimitating characteristics. We found that most of the previously proposed sections are not monophyletic, and their diagnostic characteristics are homoplastic. We propose new hypotheses concerning both intergeneric and interspecific hybridization and provide new taxonomic insights that are critical in understanding the diversity of the group.

The genus Amblovenatum J.P. Roux is a small genus in the Thelypteridaceae. Previously, the genus Amblovenatum was named Amphineuron (Holttum, 1971). In 2007, David Middleton argued for the homonyms between the genus Ampineuron (Thelypteridaceae) and the genus Amphineurion (Apocynaceae). By 2009, the name Amblovenatum was used by J.P. Roux to replace the name Amphineuron. The genus Amblovenatum J.P. Roux has outstanding features in fronds, laminae, pinnae, lobes, segments, veinlets, sori, indusia, sporangia. Species of the genus Amblovanatum are distributed from East Africa to Polynesia; India to Northeast Australia; the remainder in Malesia and the Pacific, especially in New Guinea, and has been reported to be distributed in Vietnam. The study added information and explanations on the genus name change and updated the new name of the genus Amblovenatum. Description the morphological characteristics of the genus Amblovenatum, distribution, ecological biology, type; species description Amblovenatum terminans (Hook.) J.P. Roux includes scientific name, Vietnamese name, distribution, ecology, type, examined specimens.

— The generic classification of the Thelypteridaceae has been the subject of much controversy. Proposed taxonomic systems have varied from recognizing the approximately 1200 species in the family within the single genus Thelypteris, to systems favoring upwards of 30 genera. Insights on intrafamilial relationships, especially for neotropical taxa, have been gained from recent phylogenetic studies; however, in the most recent classification, 10 of 30 recognized genera are either non-monophyletic or untested. We sequenced 407 nuclear loci for 621 samples, representing all recognized genera and approximately half the known species diversity. These were analyzed using both maximum likelihood analysis of a concatenated matrix and multi-species coalescent methods. Our phylogenomic results, informed by recently published morphological evidence, provide the foundation for a generic classification which recircumscribed 14 genera and recognized seven new genera. The 37 monophyletic genera sampled demonstrate greater geographic coherence than previous taxonomic concepts suggested. Additionally, our results demonstrate that certain morphological characters, such as frond division, are evolutionarily labile and are thus inadequate for defining genera.

A low-cost chemical reduction method was applied to reduced gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs), which were used in aluminum-doped zinc oxide (Al:ZnO, AZO) film deposited using a magnetron sputtering system. The Au-NPs were mixed under different process parameters to effectively remove organic matter on the Au-NPs and form a three-dimensional quasimesh structure of Au to improve the photoelectric properties of the AZO film. Different levels of sputtering power were applied to prepare a high-quality AZO seed layer, sintering temperature and rotating speed in spin coating were adjusted to improve the effect of Au-NPs on the photoelectric properties of the AZO film. Transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffractometer were used to analyze the structure and distribution of the Au-NPs, and also crystal characteristics of the AZO film. An ultraviolet–visible–near infrared spectrophotometer and a Hall effect measurement system were implemented to measure the photoelectric properties of the film. According to the results, a quasi-mesh structure with the optimal Au-NPs distribution was established by depositing the AZO seed layer with 150 W of sputtering power, processing it with thermal annealing at 500 °C, spin coating the Au-NPs on the textured surface of the AZO film at 3000 rpm, and sintering the film at 800 °C for 10 min. This structure reduced film resistance to 3.57 × 10−3 Ω-cm, and a maximal transmittance of 84.15% within the visible spectrum, and resulted in a figure of merit of 3.99 × 10−4 Ω−1.

PurposeTo evaluate semiautomated surgical lens extraction procedures using the optical coherence tomography (OCT)-integrated Intraocular Robotic Interventional Surgical System.SettingStein Eye Institute and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.DesignExperimental study.MethodsSemiautomated lens extraction was performed on postmortem pig eyes using a robotic platform integrated with an OCT imaging system. Lens extraction was performed using a series of automated steps including robot-to-eye alignment, irrigation/aspiration (I/A) handpiece insertion, anatomic modeling, surgical path planning, and I/A handpiece navigation. Intraoperative surgical supervision and human intervention were enabled by real-time OCT image feedback to the surgeon via a graphical user interface. Manual preparation of the pig-eye models, including the corneal incision and capsulorhexis, was performed by a trained cataract surgeon before the semiautomated lens extraction procedures. A scoring system was used to assess surgical complications in a postoperative evaluation.ResultsComplete lens extraction was achieved in 25 of 30 eyes. In the remaining 5 eyes, small lens pieces (≤1.0mm3) were detected near the lens equator, where transpupillary OCT could not image. No posterior capsule rupture or corneal leakage occurred. The mean surgical duration was 277seconds±42 (SD). Based on a 3-point scale (0=no damage), damage to the iris was 0.33±0.20, damage to the cornea was 1.47±0.20 (due to tissue dehydration), and stress at the incision was 0.97±0.11.ConclusionsNo posterior capsule rupture was reported. Complete lens removal was achieved in 25 trials without significant surgical complications. Refinements to the procedures are required before fully automated lens extraction can be realized.

BackgroundWith the development of laser-assisted platforms, the outcomes of cataract surgery have been improved by automating several procedures. The cataract-extraction step continues to be manually performed, but due to deficiencies in sensing capabilities, surgical complications such as posterior capsule rupture and incomplete cataract removal remain.MethodsAn optical coherence tomography (OCT) system is integrated into our intraocular robotic interventional surgical system (IRISS) robot. The OCT images are used for preoperative planning and intraoperative intervention in a series of automated procedures. Real-time intervention allows surgeons to evaluate the progress and override the operation.ResultsThe developed system was validated by performing lens extraction on 30 postmortem pig eyes. Complete lens extraction was achieved on 25 eyes, and "almost complete" extraction was achieved on the remainder due to an inability to image small lens particles behind the iris. No capsule rupture was found.ConclusionThe IRISS successfully demonstrated semiautomated OCT-guided lens removal with real-time supervision and intervention.

To improve surgical outcomes and reduce surgical complications in intraocular surgery, an optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging system is integrated into the intraocular robotic interventional surgical system (IRISS). The OCT images are used for preoperative planning and intraoperative intervention in a series of automated procedures. High-precision motion control of the robot manipulator is enabled by leveraging learning-type control algorithms to the data-based feedforward filter design. Real-time intervention allows a surgeon to evaluate the surgical progress and manually override the autonomous tracking of the predefined trajectory. The developed system was experimentally validated by performing lens extraction, which is a critical surgical step in cataract surgery, on 30 post-mortem pig eyes. Complete lens extraction was achieved on 25 eyes, and ``almost complete'' extraction was achieved on the rest due to the inability of the OCT to image minute-sized particles of lens behind the iris. No posterior capsule rupture occurred for any of the 30 pig eyes. This work successfully demonstrated automated OCT-guided intraocular surgery using a robotic surgical system.

International audience; Phylogeny has long informed pteridophyte classification. As our ability to infer evolutionary trees has improved, classifications aimed at recognizing natural groups have become increasingly predictive and stable. Here, we provide a modern, comprehensive classification for lycophytes and ferns, down to the genus level, utilizing a community-based approach. We use monophyly as the primary criterion for the recognition of taxa, but also aim to preserve existing taxa and circumscriptions that are both widely accepted and consistent with our understanding of pteridophyte phylogeny. In total, this classification treats an estimated 11 916 species in 337 genera, 51 families, 14 orders, and two classes. This classification is not intended as the final word on lycophyte and fern taxonomy, but rather a summary statement of current hypotheses, derived from the best available data and shaped by those most familiar with the plants in question. We hope that it will serve as a resource for those wanting references to the recent literature on pteridophyte phylogeny and classification, a framework for guiding future investigations, and a stimulus to further discourse.