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El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar la generación y composición de residuos sólidos de las Colonias y Secciones del Municipio de Papalotla de Xicohténcatl, Tlaxcala; con la finalidad de generar información pertinente para la elaboración de planes y manejo de residuos sólidos en la zona de estudio. Los muestreos se realizaron del 22 al 29 de abril del 2019, en tres Colonias seleccionadas al azar (El Potrero, Xilotzinco y San Buenaventura). La estimación de la generación se realizó empleando el procedimiento descrito en la NMX-AA-61, con modificaciones en el muestreo, ya que se utilizaron los camiones recolectores de basura del área de Servicios Municipales. La caracterización se realizó de acuerdo con la NMX-AA-15-1985, que establece el método de cuarteo para residuos sólidos municipales. Con los valores promedio de la generación per cápita, se estimó la generación para el resto de las colonias para diferentes periodos de tiempo, de igual forma se procedió con los datos de composición de residuos sólidos. Los resultados mostraron que Papalotla, Tlaxcala se generan diariamente 44.3 toneladas de residuos, de los cuales 41% son materiales orgánicos, 20% plásticos, 14 % material biológico infeccioso, 12% cartón y papel, 7.5% vidrio y el resto metales.

La investigación “Cultura organizacional y la calidad del servicio del hospital Universitario de Guayaquil en el 2022” responde al problema de investigación ¿Cómo influye la cultura organizacional en la calidad de servicio médico que ofrece el Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil, en el año 2022? Se utilizó como variable independiente “cultura organizacional” y su relación con la variable dependiente, “calidad del servicio médico”, con la intención de manifestar mejoraras estratégicamente y continúas en el Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil. El tipo de investigación fue descriptiva – correlacional. El marco teórico se fundamentó en aristas como recursos humanos, clima organizacional y trabajo en equipo. La población de estudio son los clientes internos y externos del hospital universitario de Guayaquil, del cual se establecen muestras representativas de la población; como técnica para recolectar datos se estableció la técnica de encuestas, aplicando cuestionarios con preguntas cerradas y de opción múltiple y soportadas con un nivel de confianza del 95% y un margen de error del 5%. Los resultados se expresan en tablas de distribución de frecuencias y gráficas estadísticas para el respectivo análisis; los resultados más relevantes demostraron una cultura organizacional muy buena en el entorno de trabajo, el cual influye positivamente en el servicio médico que ofrece el personal en el Hospital, lo recomendable es el mejoramiento continuo de metodologías y procesos de trabajo para optimizar la perspectiva de los usuarios que se atienden den el Hospital.

El buen gobierno fiscal, basado en los principios aplicables al gobierno corporativo, busca alcanzar la existencia de una mayor seguridad jurídica. A esa idea inicial se han añadido después otros elementos que complementan la gobernanza fiscal, como la responsabilidad social corporativa, el cumplimiento cooperativo en materia tributaria, el proyecto BEPS, en particular su acción 12, que exige revelar los mecanismos de planificación fiscal agresiva, y el Programa de garantía de cumplimiento tributario internacional, que pretende evaluar los riesgos fiscales de los grandes grupos de empresas multinacionales. Con todo ello se pretende conseguir la más adecuada cooperación recíproca entre las administraciones tributarias y los ciudadanos. Para que este sistema funcione de forma correcta es imprescindible que las Administraciones cumplan escrupulosamente el “principio de buena administración”, lo que, desafortunadamente, no siempre sucede en las Administraciones tributarias españolas.

This study investigates the effects of an immersion experience on the lexical development of Spanish heritage language learners (HLLs) and second language learners (L2Ls) abroad. Data were collected from 21 Spanish HLLs and 33 L2Ls who spent a semester abroad. Lexical development was assessed based on written narratives collected before and after the semester. The narratives were analyzed to determine the impact of study abroad on three measures of lexical development: density, diversity, and sophistication. Lexical sophistication was assessed based on Spanish frequency data from the Corpus del Español (Davies, 2006) using the log-transformed frequency count. Results indicate a significant increase over time in lexical density for HLLs but not L2Ls, and a significant decrease in lexical sophistication for both groups. Findings are discussed in light of previous research on study abroad and the analysis of lexical development.

El artículo explora la relación entre las desigualdades sociales y la transición energética en el área metropolitana de Barcelona. Así, se analiza hasta qué punto el necesario proceso de mejora de la eficiencia energética y la descarbonización pueden verse asociados no a una reducción sino a un incremento de las desigualdades. Por un lado, se constata como la población de rentas más bajas reside en parques inmobiliarios ineficientes y tiene menor propensión que la media a tomar medidas para mejorar dicha situación. Por otro lado, las áreas más acomodadas presentan una mayor propensión a la implementación de sistemas de autogeneración eléctrica, así como mayor presencia de vehículos eléctricos. La concentración territorial de ambas situaciones puede venir consolidar procesos de desigualdad social y segregación espacial, lo cual hace necesario la adopción de políticas correctivas.

La contaminación de los sistemas acuáticos de agua dulce constituye un problema ambiental recurrente en el ámbito mundial, que se agudiza cada vez más con la presencia frecuente de nuevos compuestos químicos, tal es el caso de los contaminantes emergentes, dentro de los cuales se incluyen los productos farmacéuticos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue estimar la capacidad de la especie jacinto de agua (Eichhornia crassipes) para remover del medio acuoso cinco fármacos altamente recetados y de venta libre como ciprofloxacina, ibuprofeno, sulfametaxazol, diclofenaco y acetaminofén. El trabajo se llevó a cabo en condiciones de invernadero a una temperatura de 25 0C y a un pH de 6,5; con una toma de muestras cada 24 h a diferentes concentraciones (3, 6, 9,12) mg/L. Para el análisis de las muestras se utilizó Espectrofotometría UV-VIS con lectura directa de las absorbancias de cada uno de los fármacos. Se empleó la metodología de superficies de respuesta para el análisis estadístico de los datos, lo que permitió determinar los modelos para establecer tiempos y concentraciones óptimas maximizando la absorción de cada producto farmacéutico, así como obtener las pendientes de crecimiento para definir hacia donde se puede proyectar el óptimo. Los principales resultados en este estudio indican que E. crassipes removió 95% de diclofenaco en soluciones acuosas con una concentración de 3 mg/L en un tiempo de 24 h, seguido de ciprofloxacina y acetaminofén con una remoción máxima de 91,18% y 71% a las 96 h, respectivamente. Mientras que los más bajos porcentajes de remoción se obtuvo para ibuprofeno y sulfametaxazol con 57,56% y 36%, respectivamente. En el presente estudio, se comprobó la alta capacidad de remoción E. crassipes de los cinco productos farmacéuticos en condiciones controladas, evidenciando una gran posibilidad de aplicación en el campo de la fitorremediación de contaminantes emergentes en medio acuoso, lo cual constituye un importante aporte en este ámbito de la investigación. Palabras clave: Fitorremediación, contaminantes emergentes, jacinto de agua (Eichhornia crassipes), superficie de respuesta

En el presente proyecto se presenta el diseño y la implementación de un medidor de energía eléctrica el cual permite supervisar el consumo energético de la potencia que puede suministrar a la carga un sistema aislado de generación fotovoltaica, así como el prevenir el mal funcionamiento de los aparatos eléctricos debido a la falta de suministro de energía eléctrica desde sistema de generación. El medidor está compuesto por una pantalla LCD para la visualización de datos e interacción con el usuario, sensores de corriente, voltaje y radiación solar, que son utilizados para la recolección de datos. Por otra parte, el sistema de gestión de energía permitirá al usuario visualizar mediante la interfaz un listado de aparatos eléctricos que se pueden conectar al sistema, en base a la potencia eléctrica disponible en al sistema de fotovoltaico, previniendo de esta manera que se conecte cargas que necesiten de una mayor potencia eléctrica para su funcionamiento, lo cual podría dañar los paneles fotovoltaicos y acortar el tiempo de vida útil.

Introduction: An organic disorder is defined as psychiatric syndromes, the fundamental manifestations of which are the direct consequence of a known anatomophysiological alteration of the brain. HIV is a neurotropic virus, which infects the central nervous system early. Despite the widely known high prevalence of HIV-related brain atrophy, the presence of psychotic symptoms is rare. Case report: This is a 28-year-old patient with a recent diagnosis of HIV with Western Blot in 2017, his diagnosis was made in a mental health center due to psychotic symptoms, an imaging study with simple tomography of the brain was performed with the result of frontal atrophy and occipital, in a young adult patient with no history of head trauma, hemorrhagic or ischemic events, as well as; Central nervous system infections are ruled out. Conclusions: This is a disorder with chronic psychotic symptoms in a patient with cortical atrophy secondary to HIV infection.

The bryozoan class Stenolaemata is currently represented by the order Cyclostomata. They produce skeletons made exclusively of calcite crystals assembled into different microstructures. Despite extensive previous research, no appropriate crystallographic techniques have been applied to decipher their crystallographic organization. We present an in-depth crystallographic study of the microstructures of three extant species (Fasciculipora ramosa, Hornera robusta, and Cinctipora elegans) using scanning electron microscopy and associated techniques (energy dispersive spectroscopy and electron backscatter diffraction), together with atomic force microscopy and micro-computed tomography. We differentiate two microstructures: foliated and tabular calcite, and establish consistent models of their crystallography. Foliated calcite of Fasciculipora ramosa and Cinctipora elegans consists of co-oriented laths arranged with their c-axes parallel to their elongation axis and to their main surfaces, and one a*-axis perpendicular to the latter (sheet texture). Tabular calcite of Hornera robusta consists of polygonal tablets with the c-axis as fiber axis (axial texture), perpendicular to the tablet surface. The foliated calcite of bryozoans is homeomorph to that of bivalves but has a significantly different crystallography. The tabular calcite of bryozoans lacks the spiral morphology of the tablet-shaped calcite of craniiform brachiopods, and has a different orientation of the c-axis with respect to the constituent tablets., Proyectos CGL2017-85118-P y PID2020116660GB-I00 (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación), Proyecto B-RNM-265UGR18 (Junta de Andalucía), Grupo de Investigación RNM363 (Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo, Junta de Andalucía), Open Access financiado por la Universidad de Granada y por el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Andalucía (CBUA)

Using a quantitative methodology and an ex-post-facto design, the present study analyzes the differences in the perception of gender roles assumed by teenage boys and girls, investigating their acceptance of gendered beliefs according to their country of origin. To do so, the study utilizes the Scale of Student Attitudes towards Gender Equality (García-Pérez et al., 2010) in a sample of 1,826 adolescents of different nationalities (of Spanish, non-Spanish European, Maghrebi, and Latin American origin) enrolled in Secondary Education Schools in Castilla- La Mancha. Results reveal that boys show a greater acceptance of these beliefs than girls, with significant differences in the three dimensions examined (sociocultural, relational, and personal facets). This willingness to accept gender roles is particularly conspicuous in the group of Latin American and Maghrebi male adolescents, whereas no relevant differences have been detected between women, who rather hold more egalitarian beliefs regardless of cultural origin. El presente estudio, de metodología cuantitativa y diseño ex-post-facto, tiene como objetivo analizar las diferencias en la percepción de los roles de género asumidos por chicos y chicas, así como conocer la aceptación de estas creencias en función de la procedencia u origen, utilizando la Escala de Actitudes del Alumnado hacia la Igualdad de Género (García-Pérez et al., 2010) en una muestra de 1,826 adolescentes de distintas nacionalidades (procedencia española, europea no española, magrebí, latinoamericana) escolarizados en Centros Educativos de Educación Secundaria de Castilla-La Mancha. Los chicos presentan mayor aceptación hacia estas creencias que las chicas con diferencias significativas en las tres dimensiones analizadas (plano sociocultural, relacional y personal). Se encontró una mayor aceptación de esos roles de género en el grupo de adolescentes latinoamericanos y magrebíes respecto al de europeos y españoles. No se dieron diferencias entre el grupo de las mujeres, encontrándose creencias más igualitarias independientemente de la procedencia cultural.

Thrombophilia is a group of inherited or acquired coagulation disorders that have been associated with reproductive failure. However, there are still no clear recommendations on whether its inclusion in the initial study of the infertile couple or patients with recurrent implantation failure is necessary. In this discussion paper, based on a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis, the different aspects of the repercussions of thrombophilia screening and treatment in reproduction are evaluated. To avoid possible subjectivity in the analysis and results of this study, researchers followed Oxford criteria for the evaluation of evidence. The results from the evaluation of the reviewed bibliography seem to indicate that, pending new evidence, it would be advisable not to include thrombophilia screening in the initial baseline study of the infertile couple. There is no evidence to support a clear association between thrombophilia and implantation failure or infertility. Thrombophilia testing in this setting may increase cost, with minimal potential benefit and lead to inappropriate use of anticoagulants with possible deleterious adverse effects. Future well-designed studies are needed to assess the possible benefit of anticoagulant therapy in infertile thrombophilic patients with implantation failure.

Este estudio cualitativo y descriptivo tuvo como objetivo describir las experiencias de los futuros docentes de inglés del séptimo y octavo semestre en la práctica. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de una entrevista grabada, en la cual participaron doce futuros docentes de inglés de séptimo y octavo semestre “A” - “B” de la carrera de Pedagogía de los Idiomas Nacionales y Extranjeros, de la Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi. Los resultados muestran que los futuros docentes de inglés tenían fortalezas y enfrentaban desafíos en su práctica docente. Los practicantes revelaron fortalezas en el área de la metodología, presentación, práctica y producción (PPP), recursos tecnológicos y la confianza en sí mismos. Además, los futuros docentes de inglés muestran desafíos en el aprendizaje de valores, tutoría, adaptación curricular y el manejo del aula.

The historical press is a fundamental source for the study and the best knowledge of an era. In the case that concerns us, it offers us interesting information about the ``cafés cantantes'' (singing cafes), spaces for socialization in which flamenco finished consolidating itself as a genre and which also served as a breeding ground for the most authentic flamenco style that invaded the Spanish tables in the last decades of the 19th century. Although the phenomenon has already been studied in cities such as Madrid, Seville, Jerez or Málaga, there are still areas to be explored, such as the province of Jaén, only partially analyzed. This is precisely the main objective of our work, which will allow us to bring out of oblivion the name and owners of some of these places, the environment that lived in them or the circumstances that led to their disappearance. La prensa histórica es una fuente fundamental para el estudio y el mejor conocimiento de una época. En el caso que nos ocupa, nos ofrece información de interés sobre los cafés cantantes, espacios de socialización en los que el flamenco terminó de consolidarse como género y que sirvieron también como caldo de cultivo para el flamenquismo más casticista que invadió las tablas españolas en las últimas décadas del siglo XIX. Aunque el fenómeno se ha estudiado ya en ciudades como Madrid, Sevilla, Jerez o Málaga, faltan todavía zonas por explorar, como la provincia de Jaén, analizada solo en parte. Precisamente este es el objetivo principal de nuestro trabajo, que nos permitirá sacar del olvido el nombre y los propietarios de algunos de estos locales, el ambiente que en ellos se vivía o las circunstancias que propiciaron su desaparición.

BACKGROUND: Investing in continued medical education strengthens surgical systems. This study assessed the effectiveness of an evidence-based practice (EBP) tutorial and access to UpToDate (UTD) to improve EBP and understand how and why providers practice using evidence. STUDY DESIGN: This is a mixed-methods, implementation study at 9 public hospitals in Peru consisting of a didactic session for surgeons on EBP and Google Translate and support of applications for UTD access. Change in clinical knowledge scores (CKS), access and use of UTD, and impact of language pre-and postintervention were measured. Qualitative interviews uncovered reasons for these changes. RESULTS: Intervention participants had lower CKS at follow-up compared with baseline (odds ratio [OR] of higher score 0.41 [0.18,0.98]; p = 0.044), and this effect was modified (p = 0.003) to the extent that the reverse was true for control participants (OR 2.30 [1.13,4.71]; p = 0.022). Participants with 1 to 20 years of experience had significantly improved CKS compared with students/residents (1 to 10 years: OR 4.5 [1.1,18]; 11 to 20 years: OR 4.9 [1.4,17]); there was no evidence of a different CKS between providers with >20 years of experience compared with students/residents (OR 1.3 [0.5,3.7]). Administrative disconnect, usability, motivation, education, time, resources, and age influenced point-of-care medical information systems impact on knowledge and EBP. Participants reporting low English proficiency translated medical literature mostly used Google Translate. Those with low/no English reading proficiency had higher odds of reporting a negative impact on research than those with working (p = 0.007) or professional (p < 0.001) proficiency. CONCLUSIONS: Providing education on EBP, free UTD access, and translation solutions did not correlate with increased CKS due to complex barriers to using point-of-care medical information systems. Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Surgeons.

Sprouting angiogenesis, the formation of new vessels from preexisting vasculature, is an essential process in the regeneration of new tissues as well as in the development of some diseases like cancer. Although early studies identified chemical signaling as the main driver of this process, many recent studies have shown a strong role of mechanical signals in the formation of new capillaries. Different types of mechanical signals (e.g., external forces, cell traction forces, and blood flow-induced shear forces) have been shown to play distinct roles in the process; however, their interplay remains still largely unknown. During the last decades, mathematical and computational modeling approaches have been developed to investigate and better understand the mechanisms behind mechanically driven angiogenesis. In this manuscript, we review computational models of angiogenesis with a focus on models investigating the role of mechanics on the process. Our aim is not to provide a detailed review on model methodology but to describe what we have learnt from these models. We classify models according to the mechanical signals being investigated and describe how models have looked into their role on the angiogenic process. We show that a better understanding of the mechanobiology of the angiogenic process will require the development of computer models that incorporate the interactions between the multiple mechanical signals and their effect on cellular responses, since they all seem to play a key in sprout patterning. In the end, we describe some of the remaining challenges of computational modeling of angiogenesis and discuss potential avenues for future research.

Studies on the prevalence of burnout in professionals in service organizations who work in direct contact with the clients or users of the organization have concluded that burnout is a serious health disorder that has increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A significant advantage of the Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI) over other instruments is that it provides a broader conceptualization of burnout by including feelings of guilt as a dimension of burnout to explain its development. However, the measurement invariance of the SBI across countries has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to test the measurement invariance of the SBI among professionals across 17 countries and regions in Europe, Latin America, and Asia, and in different languages. All the countries showed a good fit to the four-factor model, except the Indian sample, which was excluded from the measurement invariance study. Using the alignment method, it was possible to verify the scalar measurement invariance of the four SBI factors across 15 countries and one Spanish region (16 samples). The comparison of estimated latent means indicates that France is the country with the lowest scores on the Enthusiasm factor and the highest scores on the negative factors (Exhaustion, Indolence, and Guilt). In contrast, the Andean countries, Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador, show the highest latent means on the Enthusiasm factor and the lowest means on the negative factors. These results support the validity of the SBI in the countries and regions in Europe and Latin America included in this study.

It has been described that thymoglobulin could increase the risk of infections and malignancies, in comparison to basiliximab. Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia are also more common within the first days after transplantation among thymoglobulin patients. Our objective was to analyze bleeding complications in this subset of patients.Bleeding complications were evaluated among 515 renal transplants carried out at our institution between 2012 and 2018. We compared patients treated with thymoglobulin (Group 1, N=91) with those treated with basiliximab (Group 2, N=424).We found differences in platelet decrease: 95,142.2 (55,339.6) in Group 1 and 52,364.3 (69,116.6) in Group 2 (P=0.001), number of patients with severe thrombocytopenia (75,000/mmThe use of thymoglobulin in the perioperative transplantation period could increase bleeding complications. In our series, in the group of patients with thymoglobulin, severe thrombocytopenia was 6 times more frequent, and active bleeding that required surgery was also 2.5 times more frequent. One way to continue with the use of this immunosuppression agent, might be to adjust the dose instead of discontinuing it. The use of thymoglobulin should be a factor to consider in the postoperative period of these patients.

Introduction: In the assessment of infants younger than 3 months with minor traumatic head injury (MHI), it is essential to adapt the indication of imaging tests. The Pediatric Head Injury/Trauma Algorithm (PECARN) clinical prediction rule is the most widely used to guide clinical decision making.Objectives: To analyse the variability in the performance of imaging tests in infants under 3 months with MHI in paediatric emergency departments and the adherence of each hospital to the recommendations of the PECARN rule. Population and methods: We conducted a prospective multicentre observational study in 13 paediatric emergency departments in Spain between May 2017 and November 2020.Results: Of 21,981 children with MHI, 366 (1.7%) were aged less than 3 months; 195 (53.3%) underwent neuroimaging, with performance of CT scans in 37 (10.1%; interhospital range, 0%-40.0%), skull X-rays in 162 (44.3%; range, 0%-100%) and transfontanellar ultrasound scans in 22 (6.0%; range, 0%-24.0%). The established recommendations were followed in 25.6% (10/39) of infants classified as high-risk based on PECARN criteria (range, 0%-100%); 37.1% (36/97) clas-sified as intermediate-risk (range, 0%-100%) and 57.4% (132/230) classified as low-risk (range, 0%-100%).Conclusion: We found substantial variability and low adherence to the PECARN recommenda-tions in the performance of imaging tests in infants aged less than 3 months with MHI in Spanish paediatric emergency departments s, mainly due to an excessive use of skull X-rays.(c) 2022 Asociacion Espanola de Pediatria. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/ 4.0/).

Infants 3 months with minor head trauma (MHT) are a particularly vulnerable group, though few studies have focused specifically on these patients. We aimed to evaluate the application of the PECARN prediction rule, designed for clinically important traumatic brain injury (ciTBI) in children 2 years in infants 3 months, and create a specific prediction rule for this population. We conducted a prospective multicenter observational study in 13 pediatric emergency departments (PEDs) in Spain. The PECARN rule was applied to all patients. A new specific prediction rule for infants 3 months of age was created. The main outcome measures were (1) ciTBI, (2) TBI evidenced on computed tomography (CT) scan, and (3) isolated skull fracture (ISF). Telephone follow-up was conducted for all patients over the 4 weeks after the initial PED visit. Of 21,981 children with MHT, 366 (1.7%) were 3 months old and 195 (53.3%) underwent neuroimaging, including 37 (10.1%) with CT scan. The sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of the PECARN prediction rule for ciTBI were 100% (95% CI, 20.7-100) and 99.7% (95% CI, 98.4-100%), respectively. Of the 230 infants (62.8%) who met the PECARN low-risk criteria, none had ciTBI, 1 (0.4% overall, 95% CI, 0-2.4) had TBI on CT, and 2 (0.9% overall; 95% CI, 0.1-3.1) had an ISF. Among the 136 infants (37.2%) who did not meet the PECARN low-risk criteria, 1 (0.3% overall; 95% CI, 0-1.5) had ciTBI, 11 (8.1% overall; 95% CI, 4.1-14.0) had TBI on CT, and 18 (13.2% overall; 95% CI, 8-20.1) had an ISF. The sensitivity and NPV of the Spanish prediction rule for ciTBI were 100% (95% CI, 20.7-100) and 100% (95% CI, 98.4-100%), respectively. No infants in the registry developed complications during follow-up.The PECARN rule for infants 2 years old accurately identified infants 3 months old at low risk for ciTBI in our population, although the adapted Spanish rule presented here could be even more accurate.• Infants younger than 3 months are vulnerable to minor blunt head trauma due to their age and to difficulties in assessing the subtle symptoms and minimal physical findings detected on examination. • A low threshold for CT scan is recommended in this population.• PECARN rule for infants2 years old is an adequate tool with which to identify infants3 months old at low risk for clinically important traumatic brain injury. • Spanish rule could identify even more low-risk infants without overlooking important outcomes but it should be validated to confirm its predictive capacity.

La fibromatosis ligamentoide (fibromatosis invasiva, fibroma desmoide) es una neoplasia mesenquimatosa, intermedia entre los tumores benignos y malignos, de origen fibroso, que de manera infrecuente puede afectar el mesenterio. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino con tumoración fibrosa intraabdominal a nivel de raíz de mesenterio. Se realiza una revisión de la literatura.

Oxygen is vital for life as it is required for many different enzymatic reactions involved in intermediate metabolism and xenobiotic biotransformation. Moreover, oxygen consumption in the electron transport chain of mitochondria is used to drive the synthesis of ATP to meet the energetic demands of cells. However, toxic free radicals are generated as byproducts of molecular oxygen consumption. Oxidative stress ensues not only when the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds the endogenous antioxidant defense mechanism of cells, but it can also occur as a consequence of an unbalance between antioxidant strategies. Given the important role of hepatocytes in the biotransformation and metabolism of xenobiotics, ROS production represents a critical event in liver physiology, and increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress contributes to the development of many liver diseases. The present review, which is part of the special issue “Oxidant stress in Liver Diseases”, aims to provide an overview of the sources and targets of ROS in different liver diseases and highlights the pivotal role of oxidative stress in cell death. In addition, current antioxidant therapies as treatment options for such disorders and their limitations for future trial design are discussed., We acknowledge the support from grants PID2019-111669RB-100 and PID2020-115055RBI00 from Plan Nacional de I+D funded by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and from the CIBEREHD; the center grant P50AA011999 Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis funded by NIAAA/NIH; as well as support from AGAUR of the Generalitat de Catalunya SGR-2017- 1112, European Cooperation in Science & Technology (COST) ACTION CA17112, Prospective European Drug- Induced Liver Injury Network, the 2018-102799-T “Enfermedades Metabólicas y Cáncer” from the Red Nacional of the Spanish Health Ministry and the Project 201916/31 Contribution of mitochondrial oxysterol and bile acid metabolism to liver carcinogenesis 2019 by Fundació Marató TV3.

El artículo tiene por objeto explorar la transformación de los espacios abiertos a raíz de la extensión y profundización del proceso de urbanización a escala planetaria, proceso que atañe hoy al conjunto del territorio y ha dejado obsoletas las viejas distinciones entre espacios urbanos y rurales. Para ello, estudia los usos del suelo en dos áreas muy diversas -el litoral mediterráneo ibérico y la Amazonía de Ecuador- para mostrar cómo las actividades urbanas están transformando, en uno y otro caso, los usos de los espacios abiertos. La comparación parte de la lectura de imágenes satelitales nocturnas, que permite analizar la intensidad de los usos del territorio a partir de la luminosidad emitida. Los resultados obtenidos a través de los niveles de radiancia muestran la relación entre la evolución de la luminosidad y las dinámicas económicas implantadas en los territorios analizados, lo que permite constatar la importancia de los usos antrópicos permanentes en los espacios abiertos de ambos territorios. L'article té com a objectiu explorar la transformació dels espais oberts arran de l'extensió i l'aprofundiment del procés d'urbanització a escala planetària, procés que afecta avui el conjunt del territori i ha deixat obsoletes les velles distincions entre espais urbans i rurals. Per fer-ho, estudia els usos del sòl en dues àrees molt diverses -el litoral mediterrani ibèric i l'Amazònia de l'Equador- per mostrar com les activitats urbanes estan transformant, en un cas i en l'altre, els usos dels espais oberts. La comparació parteix de la lectura d'imatges satel·litàries nocturnes, que permet analitzar les intensitats dels usos del territori a partir de la lluminositat emesa. Els resultats obtinguts a través dels nivells de radiància mostren la relació entre l'evolució de la lluminositat i les dinàmiques econòmiques implantades als territoris analitzats, fet que permet constatar la importància dels usos antròpics permanents als espais oberts dels dos territoris. The objective of this article is to explore the transformation of open spaces based on the extension and deepening of the urbanization process on a planetary scale, a process that today concerns the entire territory and has rendered obsolete the old distinctions between urban and rural spaces. To do this, the research analyzes land uses in two very diverse areas-the Iberian Mediterranean coast and the Ecuadorian Amazon-to show how urban activities are transforming, in both cases, the uses of open spaces. The comparison starts with the reading of nocturnal satellite images, which allows analysis of the intensity of the uses of the territory from the emitted luminosity. The results obtained through radiance levels show the relationship between the evolution of luminosity and the economic dynamics implemented in the territories analyzed and allows verification of the importance of permanent anthropic uses in the open spaces of both territories.

En la Ciudad de México, durante las dos últimas décadas han sido cada vez más frecuentes las operaciones de rehabilitación y reutilización de inmuebles catalogados como patrimonio histórico arquitectónico. Muchas de éstas se han hecho en edificios a caballo de los siglos XIX y XX de estilos historicistas de los cuales no se conoce su historia. Reivindicando la necesidad de historiar estos edificios, este trabajo analiza desde una perspectiva de análisis histórico: la Casa O´Hea, en el Paseo de la Reforma, número 346. Un magnífico ejemplo de arquitectura neogótica civil, de gran valor patrimonial que recientemente (2010-2016) fue sometido a una compleja operación de la rehabilitación para fines comerciales.

La presente investigación se desarrolló en el Instituto Superior Tecnológico 17 de Julio, con la finalidad de captar mayor número de estudiantes y lograr fidelización de los propios, debido al proceso de reconversión académica e incentivación de los procesos de difusión de su oferta académica, tanto es este ente académico como en los otros Institutos de Educación Superior a nivel nacional. De enfoque racionalista. La investigación tuvo como base el análisis de diferentes fuentes de información sobre marketing educativo y herramientas que proporcionan los Sistemas de Información Gerencial para que las IES realicen un proceso adecuado de mercadeo de su oferta académica. Una estrategia integradora destacada durante la investigación es el cambio de concepto de marketing a marketing digital, este último provee una variedad de aplicaciones útiles para la difusión en medios digitales, especialmente en redes sociales.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ascorbic and citric acids, and blanching on the stability of Creole mango pulp, during freezing storage. We worked with scalded pulp (100 °C for two minutes) and without blanching. Both pulps were treated with citric and ascorbic acids in four combinations, packaged in polyethylene bags, frozen and stored at -18 °C for 90 days. During freezing storage,the slightest browning occurred in the acidic and not scalded pulp, followed by the acidic and scalded pulp. The control sample (acid-free pulp), scalded and not scalded, showed the greatest browning. Loss of ascorbic acid was observed in all treatments, but this was lower in the scalded and citric acid samples. Total titratable acidity, pH, and soluble solids did not vary significantly either during storage or between the treatments studied. In conclusion, even though the enzymatic browning of the Creole mango pulp is not totally inhibited by freezing or blanching (100 °C for two minutes), the pulp with pre-blanching with a mixture of chemical preservatives retains its color and flavor better during freezing storage compared to the fruit pulp without blanching.

13 Pág., Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious zoonotic disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Monitoring the infection in pets is recommended for human disease surveillance, prevention, and control since the virus can spread from people to animals during close contact. Several diagnostic tests have been adapted from humans to animals, but limited data on the validation process are available., This study was funded by a M granCOV20/01471-Ct from the Community of Madrid and a REACT-European Union grant from the Community of Madrid to the ANTICIPA project of the Complutense University of Madrid through the European Regional Development Fund as part of the Union's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. CD-D was funded by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Enterprise (PTQ2019-010719). This study was also financially supported by the Zaragoza University through the PROGRAMA COVID19 SANTANDER UNIZAR: Proyectos de Innovación Tecnológica para el año 2020 de la Universidad de Zaragoza and by the United States National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, through NIH contract HHSN272201700059C.

Esta memoria explora los fundamentos teóricos y el estado del arte de las Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) y describe el proceso de diseñar e implementar una PUF unida a un algoritmo criptográficamente ligero. Las PUFs son objetos los cuales se pueden identificar de forma inequívoca de otros objetos utilizando las propiedades físicas que lo componen. En este proyecto se implementa la Arbiter PUF que utiliza los retardos de propagación de los circuitos multiplexores para autenticar dispositivos electrónicos. El dispositivo implementado está compuesto por circuitos integrados que contienen multiplexores y otros que contienen biestables tipo D. Los multiplexores se ponen en filas de a dos conectados a la entrada D y a la de reloj del biestable. A cada entrada de selección del multiplexor hay que ponerle un valor para generar un camino de retardos por dentro de los multiplexores. Al conjunto de esos valores se le conoce como challenge. Al introducir en las entradas de los primeros multiplexores una señal de reloj, ésta se propagará hasta llegar al biestable y según a qué entrada llegue primero la señal el bistable devolverá un cero o un uno. El sistema implementado tiene el circuito mencionado previamente repetido tres veces y junto al algoritmo trifork, que está compuesto por tres Perturbed Lagged Fibonacci Generators (PLFG), genera números aleatorios. El dispositivo se consigue implementar con éxito, aunque los resultados son muy inestables, ya que las mismas entradas devuelven valores muy distintos en cada ocasión. Abstract: This paper explores the theoretical foundations and state-of-the-art of Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and describes the process of designing and implementing a PUF combined with a cryptographically lightweight algorithm. PUFs are objects that can be uniquely identified from other objects using their physical properties. In this project, the Arbiter PUF is implemented, which uses the propagation delays of multiplexer circuits to authenticate electronic devices. The implemented device is composed of integrated circuits that contain multiplexers and others that contain D-type flip-flops. The multiplexers are arranged in pairs, connected to the D input and the clock input of the flip-flop. Each selection input of the multiplexer must be given a value to generate a delay path through the multiplexers. The set of these values is known as the challenge. By inputting a clock signal into the first multiplexers’ inputs, it will propagate until it reaches the flip-flop, and depending on which input the signal arrives first, the flip-flop will return a zero or a one. The implemented system has the aforementioned circuit repeated three times and, along with the trifork algorithm, which consists of three Perturbed Lagged Fibonacci Generators (PLFG), it generates random numbers. The device is successfully implemented, although the results are very unstable, as the same inputs return very different values on each occasion.

At present, the use of eye-tracking data in immersive Virtual Reality (iVR) learning environments is set to become a powerful tool for maximizing learning outcomes, due to the low-intrusiveness of eye-tracking technology and its integration in commercial iVR Head Mounted Displays. However, the most suitable technologies for data processing should first be identified before their use in learning environments can be generalized. In this research, the use of machine-learning techniques is proposed for that purpose, evaluating their capabilities to classify the quality of the learning environment and to predict user learning performance. To do so, an iVR learning experience simulating the operation of a bridge crane was developed. Through this experience, the performance of 63 students was evaluated, both under optimum learning conditions and under stressful conditions. The final dataset included 25 features, mostly temporal series, with a dataset size of up to 50M data points. The results showed that different classifiers (KNN, SVM and Random Forest) provided the highest accuracy when predicting learning performance variations, while the accuracy of user learning performance was still far from optimized, opening a new line of future research. This study has the objective of serving as a baseline for future improvements to model accuracy using complex machine-learning techniques. Actualmente, el uso de los datos del seguimiento de la mirada en entornos de aprendizaje de Realidad Virtual inmersiva (iVR) está destinado a ser una herramienta fundamental para maximizar los resultados de aprendizaje, dada la naturaleza poco intrusiva del eye-tracking y su integración en las gafas comerciales de Realidad Virtual. Pero, antes de que se pueda generalizar el uso del eye-tracking en entornos de aprendizaje, se deben identificar las tecnologías más adecuadas para el procesamiento de datos. Esta investigación propone el uso de técnicas de aprendizaje automático para este fin, evaluando sus capacidades para clasificar la calidad del entorno de aprendizaje y predecir el rendimiento de aprendizaje del usuario. Para ello, se ha desarrollado una experiencia docente en iVR para aprender el manejo de un puente-grúa. Con esta experiencia se ha evaluado el rendimiento de 63 estudiantes, tanto en condiciones óptimas de aprendizaje como en condiciones con factores estresores. El conjunto de datos final incluye 25 características, siendo la mayoría series temporales con un tamaño de conjunto de datos superior a 50 millones de puntos. Los resultados muestran que la aplicación de diferentes clasificadores como KNN, SVM o Random Forest tienen una alta precisión a la hora de predecir alteraciones en el aprendizaje, mientras que la predicción del rendimiento del aprendizaje del usuario aún está lejos de ser óptima, lo que abre una nueva línea de investigación futura. Este estudio tiene como objetivo servir como línea de base para futuras mejoras en la precisión de los modelos mediante el uso de técnicas de aprendizaje automático más complejas.

This paper deals with the different risk scales of eating disorder in adolescents. The main objective is to create a scale to measure the risk of developing eating disorders using social and behavioral variables. The trial sample included 605 adolescents, aged 12–17 years (M = 14.27; SD 1.44), randomly selected from several centers who requested to participate in a health program. After using the principal component extraction method (PCA) with adequate internal consistency and reliability, and with a total explained variance of 60%, factor analysis showed five factors: satisfaction with body image, self-esteem, use of social networks, negative relationship with food, and image and social recognition. Pearson’s correlation coefficients between our scale and reference scale (SCOFF) factors provided information on converging validity. However, the Cronbach’s alpha values for dimensions 3 and 4 failed to reach the desired scores, and it was noted that not all dimensions had the same number of elements. Therefore, future interventions and proposals to develop a stronger scale are proposed. Despite the drawbacks, our findings provide a solid foundation for further analysis to find the most reliable method of analysis possible in this innovative area. We believe that this scale can help both health and education professionals to develop effective interventions.

Objective. Only a few studies assessing the sleep effects of low doses of melatonin (aMT) have been performed in the past, most of them in adults, and only one in subjects with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of this study was to provide evidence of the changes induced by aMT doses as low as 1 mg in the sleep pattern of pediatric patients with ADHD under treatment with methylphenidate (MPH). Methods. Children and adolescents (7–15 years) with ADHD who were receiving extended-release MPH were recruited. A seven-week sleep diary was collected prior to starting a four-week treatment with 1 mg of aMT (30 min before bedtime). Seven-day actigraphic assessments of sleep were performed before and after treatment. Results. Twenty-seven patients (17 males, 62.96%) participated in the study, who had been receiving MPH for 1.57 (1.11) months. A significant increase in sleep duration (TST) was observed after one month of treatment (463 (49) min to 485 (41) min; p < 0.040), with nonsignificant improvements in sleep-onset latency (SOL), nocturnal awakenings, or sleep efficiency. Only minor adverse effects were reported. Conclusion. Low doses of melatonin (1 mg) are able to increase TST in children and adolescents with ADHD receiving treatment with psychostimulants, with an adequate tolerability profile. Further placebo-controlled trials adjusting the time of aMT administration to the individual circadian profile should explore the effects of low doses of this hormone to shorten SOL in this population of patients.

Eating disorders are a growing societal problem, especially among young people. This study aims to determine the individual and social factors that support and perpetuate the risk of eating disorders (ED) and their possible consequences on an individual’s athletic and academic performances. The sample consisted of 395 athletes between 12 and 16 years of age (M = 14.07; SD = 1.35), of whom 142 (35.9%) were female, and 253 (64.1%) were male. A questionnaire was administered to collect information on sociodemographic data, body image, use of social networks, social relationships, sports practice, risk of developing ED, and academic and sports performance. In the resulting analysis, an initial cross-tabulation was carried out to observe the body distortion of the respondents as a function of BMI, followed by a linear regression to analyze the factors influencing the risk of suffering from ED. In addition, correlations were made to determine the relationship between the risk of manifesting ED and academic and sports performance. The main results show that 77.7% of the young athletes present a risk of ED (M = 13.3; DT = 3.33) due to a high body image distortion, which becomes the determining factor. In addition, relationships with family and friends have a significant influence on this. On the other hand, behaviors related with eating disorders affect concentration (r = −0.122; p = 0.01) and fatigue (r = −0.376; p < 0.01). For all these reasons, generating and promoting prevention and early detection guidelines during adolescence is necessary.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common complication of a non-kidney solid organ transplant (NKSOT). Identifying predisposing factors is crucial for an early approach and correct referral to nephrology. Methods: This is a single-center retrospective observational study of a cohort of CKD patients under follow-up in the Nephrology Department between 2010 to 2020. Statistical analysis was performed between all the risk factors and four dependent variables: end-stage renal disease (ESKD); increased serum creatinine ≥50%; renal replacement therapy (RRT); and death in the pre-transplant, peri-transplant, and post-transplant periods. Results: 74 patients were studied (7 heart transplants, 34 liver transplants, and 33 lung transplants). Patients who were not followed-up by a nephrologist in the pre-transplant (p < 0.027) or peri-transplant (p < 0.046) periods and those who had the longest time until an outpatient clinic follow-up (HR 1.032) were associated with a higher risk of creatinine increase ≥50%. Receiving a lung transplant conferred a higher risk than a liver or heart transplant for developing a creatinine increase ≥50% and ESKD. Peri-transplant mechanical ventilation, peri-transplant and post-transplant anticalcineurin overdose, nephrotoxicity, and the number of hospital admissions were significantly associated with a creatinine increase ≥50% and developing ESKD. Conclusions: Early and close follow-up by a nephrologist was associated with a decrease in the worsening of renal function.

Reccopolis was a new city built in Visigothic Spain in the late 6th c. CE. Even rarer than this example of an ex novo urban foundation in the post-Roman West is the fact that the city was equipped with a brand-new aqueduct. The aqueduct has, until now, only been partially studied, but in this paper we update and re-assess the original, preliminary results. We consider the city’s whole water cycle, including usage and drainage, employing new engineering calculations and GIS analyses. The results show that the aqueduct was an integral part of the city. Finally, we set our conclusions within their wider context, looking not only at the roles of aqueducts in the ideal of a city at this time, but also at urban water culture in the Late Antique West.

Despite continuous improvement during recent decades, state of the art global chemistry-climate models (CCMs) are still showing biases compared to observational data, illustrating remaining difficulties and challenges in the simulation of atmospheric processes governing ozone production and decay. Therefore, CCM output is frequently bias-corrected in studies seeking to explore changing air quality burdens and associated impacts on human health (e.g., Rieder et al., 2018). Here we assess the strengths and limitations of different bias correction techniques for CCM simulations with focus on maximum daily 8-hour average surface ozone. Ozone fields are chosen as ozone is known as regional pollutant and thus shows smaller spatial heterogeneity in its burden than e.g. particulate matter. Within our comparison a set of different innovative, as well as, common bias correction techniques are applied to output of selected global coupled CCMs contributing hindcast simulations to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). For bias correction and evaluation, we utilize gridded observational data for the European and US domains according to Schnell et al. [2014]. The statistical bias-correction techniques applied and compared are quantile mapping, delta-function, relative and mean bias correction. As surface ozone pollution is commonly associated with a strong seasonal cycle, the adjustment techniques are applied to model data on monthly basis, and skill scores for individual bias correction techniques are compared across individual CMIP6 models for both seasonal and annual timescales over the period 1995-2014. Our results highlight large differences among individual bias correction techniques and advocate for the use of more complex correction strategies involving corrections across the spatio-temporal distribution of the ozone field.References:Rieder, H.E., Fiore A.M., Clifton, O.E., Correa, G., Horowitz, L.W., Naik, V.: Combining model projections with site-level observations to estimate changes in distributions and seasonality of ozone in surface air over the U.S.A., Atmos. Env., 193, 302-315, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.07.042, 2018.Schnell, J. L., Holmes, C. D., Jangam, A., and Prather, M. J.: Skill in forecasting extreme ozone pollution episodes with a global atmospheric chemistry model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 7721–7739, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7721-2014, 2014.

Este artículo académico examina el aprendizaje colaborativo, considerado como un proceso en el que los estudiantes “interactúan en pequeños grupos para aprender” (Karno y Hatcher, 2020; Zambrano et al., 2019b, p.1). Así, el objetivo de este trabajo de investigación, es determinar el posible efecto de la colaboración en el aprendizaje de inglés en la infancia temprana, mediante la aplicación de la técnica de aprendizaje colaborativo juego amistoso, en comparación con el aprendizaje individual. En referencia a las hipótesis, la primera es que los estudiantes que aprenden en grupos colaborativos obtienen un mayor desempeño, con un esfuerzo mental más bajo, como segunda hipótesis. De esta forma, fue analizada la información recopilada en un entorno de clases remotas, con la participación de 120 estudiantes de Segundo Año de Educación General Básica de varias escuelas del Ecuador. En consecuencia, los resultados de la pregunta acerca de si es requerida la aplicación de la técnica de aprendizaje colaborativo juego amistoso, para mejorar el desempeño de los estudiantes en inglés como idioma extranjero, frente al aprendizaje individual, indican que: 76% de estudiantes de los grupos colaborativos tuvieron un mejor desempeño. Se puede concluir que, la estrategia pedagógica de aprendizaje colaborativo juego amistoso, si beneficia la adquisición de conocimientos (Barkley et al., 2014) en inglés y que los estudiantes de grupos de aprendizaje colaborativos tienen una menor demanda de esfuerzo mental, frente a aquellos que aprenden individualmente.

The threat of viral influenza infections has sparked research efforts to develop vaccines that can induce broadly protective immunity with safe adjuvants that trigger robust immune responses. Here, we demonstrate that subcutaneous or intranasal delivery of a seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) adjuvanted with the Quillaja brasiliensis saponin-based nanoparticle (IMXQB) increases the potency of TIV. The adjuvanted vaccine (TIV-IMXQB) elicited high levels of IgG2a and IgG1 antibodies with virus-neutralizing capacity and improved serum hemagglutination inhibition titers. The cellular immune response induced by TIV-IMXQB suggests the presence of a mixed Th1/Th2 cytokine profile, antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) skewed toward an IgG2a phenotype, a positive delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, and effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. After challenge, viral titers in the lungs were significantly lower in animals receiving TIV-IMXQB than in those inoculated with TIV alone. Most notably, mice vaccinated intranasally with TIV-IMXQB and challenged with a lethal dose of influenza virus were fully protected against weight loss and lung virus replication, with no mortality, whereas, among animals vaccinated with TIV alone, the mortality rate was 75%. These findings demonstrate that TIV-IMXQB improved the immune responses to TIV, and, unlike the commercial vaccine, conferred full protection against influenza challenge.