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Las especies invasoras representan una amenaza para la mayoría de los ecosistemas en el mundo, sin embargo, los organismos que son capaces de establecerse en áreas fuera de su zona de origen cuentan con estrategias de historia de vida que les permiten ser exitosas en la colonización. En Colombia se ha reportado un número alto de especies invasoras, dentro de las cuales se encuentran crustáceos como la jaiba espinosa Charybdis hellerii, originaria del Indo-Pacífico y proveniente del Mar Mediterráneo, presuntamente por medio de embarcaciones de comercio. Actualmente, este cangrejo se ha reportado desde la zona de la alta Guajira hasta el Golfo de Morrosquillo, mostrando éxito como invasor para poder soportar las diversas condiciones del Caribe colombiano. En el presente estudio se evaluó la variabilidad fenotípica por medio de morfometría geométrica, comparando y analizando el caparazón de ejemplares recolectados en diferentes localidades (La Guajira, Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Santa Marta, Córdoba y Sucre) del nororiente y el suroccidente de la costa Caribe colombiana. Se determinó que, con el uso de esta estructura, no fue posible observar dimorfismo sexual, sin embargo, se detectaron evidencias (ANOVA; p

Clostophis charybdis, new species (Figs. 13, 14) Type material. Holotype (SH: 1.18 mm, SW: 1.12 mm) (HNHM 105327), Vietnam, Lạng SƠn Province, Bình Gia, eastern edge of the village, Di Chí Kéo Lèng (Thẩm Khuyên Cave), rock wall; 21°56.30′N, 106°23.82′E, 375 m a.s.l. (locality code: 2020/48), coll. A. Hunyadi, 17 February 2020. Paratype: 1 shell, coll. HA, same data as for holotype; 30 paratypes, coll. HA, Vietnam, Lạng SƠn Province, B ắc SƠn District, Long Dong, 3.8 km north from junction of roads no. QL1B (main road) and 241, 390 m a.s.l., 21°56.728′N, 106°19.447′E (locality code: 2020/51), coll. A. Hunyadi, 18 February 2020. Diagnosis. A concave conical Clostophis species with a wide umbilicus, a well-developed, elevated parietal, and a shorter, pointed palatal tooth situated slightly upper (more apically) than where the parietal tooth points. Description. Shell concave conical, widest at its base, slightly higher than wide to slightly wider than high, body whorl conspicuously wider than penultimate whorl. Whorls very slightly, bluntly shouldered. Protoconch consisting of 1.25–1.5 whorls, finely pitted/granular, and spirally striated preceding the first teleoconch whorl. Entire shell consisting of 4.5–4.75 whorls, with relatively strong, irregular radial growth lines and equally strong, dense, equidistant spiral striae. Body whorl with few, ca. 16–18 spiral striae from apertural view. Umbilicus regularly growing, wide, shell width is ca. 2.5 times wider than umbilicus. Aperture oblique to shell axis, oval to rectangular with blunt sinulus area. Sinulus large, only slightly smaller than other side of aperture, and well separated due to elevated parietal tooth and palatal tooth. Parietal callus rather blunt, not smeared onto penultimate whorl. Peristome expanded, not reflected. Parietal tooth elevated straight, nearly reaching parietal callus. Parietal wall with a low but pointed tooth that is positioned slightly upper (more apically) compared to where the parietal tooth points. Measurements (in mm). SH = 1.02–1.21, SW = 1.03–1.19 (n = 6). Differential diagnosis. Among the Clostophis species possessing two parietal teeth, Clostophis incurvus PállGergely & Vermeulen, 2020 has a conical shell with a narrower umbilicus, and Clostophis platytrochus Páll-Gergely & Hunyadi, 2020 also has a more conical shell and a more pronounced oblique aperture with a more basally-situated palatal tooth. Etymology. Named after Charybdis, the large whirlpool (or sea monster) of the Greek mythology, referring to the whirlpool-like umbilicus., Published as part of Páll-Gergely, Barna & Hunyadi, András, 2022, New and little-known species of Clostophis Benson, 1860 from Southeast Asia (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Hypselostomatidae), pp. 417-439 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 70 on pages 430-434, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2022-0023, http://zenodo.org/record/7174433, {"references":["Pall-Gergely B, Hunyadi A, Grego J, Reischutz A, Buczko K & Vermeulen JJ (2020) Clostophis Benson, 1860, is not a monotypic diplommatinid but a speciose hypselostomatid (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata), with descriptions of six new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 68: 350 - 368."]}

To examine the effects of the crab Charybdis japonica (72–96 mm in carapace width) on the grazing behavior of the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus, cage experiments were conducted in a sea urchin-dominated barren ground and in land-based tanks. In the field, one crab consumed almost all 10 sea urchins (20–40 mm in test diameter: TD) given in an unescapable small-mesh cage within 4–15 days. In a coarse-mesh cage experiment where smaller sea urchins ( 12 °C in water temperature), and that predation rates varied among the crabs, ranging from 1653 to 4777 g (124 to 312 sea urchins) per crab per year. These results suggest the importance of C. japonica in the control of grazing by M. nudus.

Chitosan is a biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic, antibacterial, antioxidant, and antifungal natural polymer. In this study, chitin and chitosan were chemically isolated from the exoskeleton of invasive swimming crab Charybdis longicollis. In order to obtain the chitin, demineralization, deproteinization, and decolourization steps were applied to the samples. Chitosan was prepared from the isolated chitin by deacetylation at high temperatures. The chemical composition of chitin from C. longicollis was characterized by XRD and FTIR analysis. The yield of chitin extraction from dry crab shells was 25.78 %. The yield of chitosan produced from extracted chitin was 80.23 %. The experimental analyses revealed that the obtained chitin and chitosan could be used as biomaterial.

In 1792 foreigners flocked to France to participate in the new republican regime, redefining the nation as the conduct of popular sovereignty. A number of American, British, and Irish foreigners formed a club in Paris, the Society of the Friends of the Rights of Man (Société des Amis des Droits de l'Homme), among whom Irish republicans were a key component. Eager to “revolutionize” Britain and Ireland, they contributed to the rise in tensions and, ultimately, to the outbreak of war between France and Britain. The author argues that these Irish, because of their colonial experience, were a crucial factor in the redefinition of and opposition between British imperial and French republican models of nation and citizenship. Their defense of a cosmopolitan citizenship ideal was violently rejected in Britain and was severely tested by the “Terror” in France.En 1792, de nombreux étrangers vinrent en France pour participer à l’élaboration du nouveau régime républicain, redéfinissant la nation comme le vecteur de la souveraineté populaire. Plusieurs Américains, Anglais, Irlandais et Ecossais formèrent un club à Paris, la Société des amis des droits de l'homme (SADH), parmi lesquels les Irlandais furent une composante clé. Désireux de « révolutionner » la Grande-Bretagne et l'Irlande, ils contribuèrent à la montée des tensions et à l’éclatement du conflit entre la France et la Grande-Bretagne. Cet article cherche à démontrer que ces Irlandais, du fait de leur expérience coloniale, jouèrent un rôle central dans la redéfinition et l'opposition entre le modèle impérial britannique et le modèle français républicain de la nation et de la citoyenneté. Leur défense d'un idéal cosmopolite de citoyenneté suscita un violent rejet en Grande-Bretagne et fut mise à rude épreuve pendant la « Terreur » en France.

During the eighteenth century, French courts expanded their competence over Jewish disputes in order to consolidate the kingdom’s hegemony over Alsatian Jewry. In Metz, the expansion was sanctioned by a royal order for the composition of the Recueil des Loix, Coutumes, et Usages Observes par les Juifs de Metz (1742). A blend of Jewish law and French customary law tailored for ancien regime Alsatian courts, the Recueil enabled a Jewish claimant to sue in either the beit din or a French tribunal. These judicial alternatives posed strategic dilemmas. French rulings were frequently vehicles for persecuting Jewish claimants and debasing their law, while rabbinical enforcement mechanisms typically lacked the aggressive bite of their French judicial counterparts. This article examines how the law, and these options, worked in practice.

Charybdis (Charybdis) feriata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Figure 14E, preserved) Material examined. M07, Stn. 74, 138m, ♂ 26× 16.8mm (IEO-CD-MZ07/1902), COI (MZ 434821). Habitat and distribution. Widely distributed in the IWP from South and East Africa through the Gulf of Oman, the Arabian Gulf, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka to Indonesia, Singapore, Australia, Vietnam, China, and Japan (Apel & Spiridonov 1998). Crosnier (1962) described the distribution of the synonym species Charybdis cruciate (Herbst) in shallow waters of South Africa, Australia, and Japan, at 5-15m (rarely 30m). Not being recorded in Mozambique since the fifties of last century (Barnard 1950), it has been recently reported by personal observations of IIP-Mozambique. Results and remarks. The single specimen agrees well with the description and figures in Crosnier (1962) and Apel & Spiridonov (1998). It was collected in March 2007 (M07) at 138m depth, increasing the previously reported bathymetric distribution of the species. Colouration observed. No pictures of the fresh specimen are available. DNA barcodes. Only the COI sequence could be obtained from this specimen, which represents a new haplotype for this species. The closer haplotype is a COI sequence of a specimen from Australia (MN 184690), with differences in two positions (99.68% similarity), ranging between 98.65 to 97.30% of similarity (seven to 14 mutations) with respect to the rest of 60 haplotypes for this species in Genbank., Published as part of Muñoz, Isabel, García-Isarch, Eva & Cuesta, Jose A., 2021, Annotated and updated checklist of marine crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura) of Mozambique supported by morphological and molecular data from shelf and slope species of the " MOZAMBIQUE " surveys, pp. 1-67 in Zootaxa 5056 (1) on page 45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5056.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5577887, {"references":["Apel, M. & Spiridonov, V. A. (1998) Taxonomy and zoogeography of the portunid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Portunidae) of the Arabian Gulf and adjacent waters. Fauna of Arabia, 17, 159 - 331.","Crosnier, A. (1962) Crustaces Decapodes: Portunidae. Faune de Madagascar, 16, 1 - 154.","Barnard, K. H. (1950) Descriptive catalogue of South African Decapod Crustacea (crabs and shrimps). Annals of the South African Museum, 38, 1 - 837."]}

Charybdis hellerii is an invasive swimming crab widely disseminated in the western Atlantic. This species became a threat to colonized ecosystems, competing with local species for resources. The extension of distribution and increasing population size of C. hellerii has been associated with the scarcity of indigenous predators and cases of predation report octopuses as the main native predators. In this study, we present the first evidence that native fish can consume C. hellerii. 53 individuals of the goldspotted snake eel, Myrichthys ocellatus, were collected at seagrass and macroalgal beds in Pernambuco State, Brazil, and had their stomach contents analyzed. Three juvenile C. hellerii were found along with native prey. Myrichthys ocellatus feeds mainly on small crabs, thus C. hellerii individuals were consumed before reaching sexual maturity. Oppositely to octopuses and other crab predators, M. ocellatus is of little fishing interest and is commonly found in macroalgae beds, seagrass meadows and sandy areas near reefs. Our results suggest that a higher number of carcinophagous taxa may prey on this invasive crab and we emphasize that the conservation of these species is paramount for controlling C. hellerii populations in invaded areas.

More than a century has passed since arginine was discovered, but the metabolism of the amino acid never ceases to amaze researchers. Being a conditionally essential amino acid, arginine performs many important homeostatic functions in the body; it is involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular system and regeneration processes. In recent years, more and more facts have been accumulating that demonstrate a close relationship between arginine metabolic pathways and immune responses. This opens new opportunities for the development of original ways to treat diseases associated with suppressed or increased activity of the immune system. In this review, we analyze the literature describing the role of arginine metabolism in the immunopathogenesis of a wide range of diseases, and discuss arginine-dependent processes as a possible target for therapeutic approaches.

The invasive crab Charybdis longicollis was first reported in Mersin Bay (Mediterranean Sea/Turkey) in 1954, and since the early 1990s, its populations have been heavily parasitised by the alien rhizocephalan Heterosaccus dollfusi. In Antalya Bay, 46.6% of the trawled catch is constituted by C. longicollis. Monthly biomass values fluctuated between 67 kg km−2 (June) and 704 kg km−2 (October), with a mean of 260 kg km−2. The percentage of change in females ranged from 29% in October to 53% in January. The mean carapace width of uninfected crabs was significantly larger in males (35.1 mm) than females (30.6 mm). Male crabs (34.3%) were more heavily parasitised than females (12.1%). The reduction in size of the chela and broadening of the abdomen are two characteristic modifications of infected males. The size at first maturity was estimated at CW = 24.7 mm. Ovigerous females were found all year-round but were more abundant in spring. Male and female individuals of C. longicollis displayed a maximum of three and one modal groups per year, respectively. Natural mortality (M) was estimated as 1.1 year−1 for male crabs.

Intertidal organisms are more sensitive to temperature stresses (whether high or low temperatures). As an intertidal crustacean, the optimal survival temperature ranges of Charybdis japonica are from 20 to 27°C. In this study, C. japonica was selected as the research species to better explore the molecular regulatory mechanisms of intertidal crustaceans to temperature stresses. The transcriptomes of C. japonica exposed to three temperature gradients (12, 20, and 28°C) were sequenced. A total of 69.22 Gb clean transcriptome reads were obtained from nine libraries and then de novo assembled to 52,972 unigenes with a mean length of 1080.23 bp and an N50 length of 1,775 bp. A total of 20,121 unigenes were successfully matched with at least one protein database. The transcriptome structure was predicted, and 12,125 coding sequences and 12,854 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were obtained. The gene expression level of C. japonica at 20°C was used as control, and 548 and 90 unigenes were significantly differentially expressed at 28 and 12°C, respectively. A total of 720 unigenes were significantly differentially expressed at 28°C compared with 12°C. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation showed that genes related to cell structure, metabolism, and protein folding and hormone synthesis might be involved in the regulation of temperature stress in C. japonica. Our results reveal for the first time the response of C. japonicas to low- and high- temperature stresses at the transcriptome level. The results provide fundamental information for revealing the temperature regulation mechanisms of C. japonica and other intertidal crustaceans. Furthermore, the present study enhances our understanding of how temperature fluctuations will affect the survival of marine crustaceans.

Triphora charybdis M.R. Fernandes & Pimenta, 2015 Triphora charybdis M.R. Fernandes & Pimenta, 2015b: 507, fig. 7c–k. Type locality. Brazil, 23º10’01”S, 41º03’13”W, 107 m deep, Rio de Janeiro state. Type material. MNRJ 18620, holotype. For a list of paratypes see Fernandes & Pimenta (2015). Distribution. Brazil (Fernandes & Pimenta 2015b; Fernandes & Pimenta 2020), Colombia (Fernandes & Pimenta 2020), Guyana (Fernandes & Pimenta 2020)., Published as part of Bakker, Piet A. J. & Albano, Paolo G., 2022, Nomenclator, geographic and stratigraphic distribution of the family Triphoridae (Mollusca: Gastropoda), pp. 1-216 in Zootaxa 5088 (1) on page 45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5088.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5836536, {"references":["Fernandes, M. R. & Pimenta, A. D. (2015 b) Five new species and two records of Triphorinae (Caenogastropoda, Triphoridae) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 4012 (3), 493 - 513. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4012.3.5","Fernandes, M. R. & Pimenta, A. D. (2020) Unraveling one of the ' Big Five': update of the taxonomy of Triphoridae (Gastropoda, Triphoroidea) from Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy, 665, 1 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2020.665"]}

Fifteen years after the first capture of a specimen of Charybdis japonica in the Adriatic Sea, we report the collection of two more specimens near the port of Ravenna. This swimming crab, native from the North Western Pacific, has already proved its invasive capacity in New Zealand coastal waters. Its possible establishment in the northern Adriatic lagoons may represent a treat for the local Manila clam fishery and aquaculture activities., Petnaest godina nakon prvog ulova primjerka Charybdis japonica u Jadranskom moru, izvješta- vamo o prikupljanju još dva primjerka u blizini luke Ravenna. Ovaj rak porijeklom iz sjeverozapadnog Pacifika, već je dokazao svoju invazivnu sposobnost u obalnim vodama Novog Zelanda. Njegovo moguće nastanjenje u lagunama sjevernog Jadrana moglo bi predstavljati bojazan za lokalne aktivnosti u ribarstvu i akvakulturi školjke Ruditapes philippinarum.

Squilla Steinh. was considered to be an orthographic variant of Scilla L., and therefore the new genus Charybdis Speta was created to include Scilla maritima L. and related taxa occurring in the Mediterranean. Molecular phylogenetic studies recovered Charybdis as distant from Urginea; this finding was also supported by morphology and phytochemistry data. However, after typification of Scilla using S. maritima by Rafinesque, Charybdis became illegitimate under Art. 52 of the Shenzhen Code as its name became superfluous when published. A binding decision was requested from the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants (NCVP) on whether Scilla L. and Squilla Steinh. are sufficiently alike to be considered orthographic variants and, hence, to be confused. Most members of the committee favour treating Squilla as not confusable with Scilla, which leaves the former name available for the current concept of Charybdis. In this context, we reevaluate the taxonomy of the genus, accepting 12 species of which eight are accommodated in Squilla as new combinations. Conversely, one of the species of Charybdis is transferred here to Urginavia. Nomenclatural types (including designation of 13 lectotypes, one neotype and one epitype) and the most relevant synonyms are given for each accepted taxon. An identification key is also presented for Squilla to assist future taxonomic studies in this group. We also include a revision of the taxonomic circumscription of the taxa related to S. undulata. This work was partly supported by the grants ACIE18-03, UAUSTI18-02 and UAUSTI19-08 from the University of Alicante.

Charybdis (Archias) omanensis septentrionalis Türkay & Spiridonov, 2006, has recently been recorded from the Arabian Sea, while the first record of the species was from the Red Sea. The specimens were collected in a shrimp trawl from a depth of 65-68 metres from the southwest coast of the Arabian Sea, off Kerala, India. The species size ranged between 17 and 37 mm carapace width, from 11 to 22.5 mm carapace length and in total weight between 0.39 and 5.53 g. The interrelationships between various morphometric characters, viz., carapace width and length and chelar propodus length and height in males, as well as carapace width and length and abdominal width and length in females, were estimated for the species and it was found that most relationships are positive and highly significant. In the carapace width/length-weight relationship, the estimated b values for carapace width-weight in males, females and pooled, were 2.674, 2.719 and 2.783, respectively, and for carapace length-weight they were 2.601, 2.588 and 2.681, respectively. The results show a significant deviation from an isometric growth pattern. An analysis of covariance indicated that there is a significant difference between sexes with respect to the carapace width/length-weight relationship. The relative condition factor values estimated in males and females were 0.9794 ± 0.16 and 1.1280 ± 0.26, respectively, also recording a significant variation () between sexes.

The study on the biological aspects of Charybdis hellerii (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867) in the world and Indonesia were very limited. This study aims to measure the sex ratio, gonad development, carapace width and body weight relationship, condition factor, the first size sexual maturity, and fecundity. This study was conducted from July to September 2020 in the western of the Tiworo Strait, South Konawe, SoutheastSulawsei. The C. hellerii samples were bycatch of the blue swimming crab using collapsible traps. The results of sex ratio based on a period show significantly different (p0,75) with a pattern of growth allometric negative. Condition factor males significantly different (p

The growth and reproduction of Charybdis bimaculata (Miers, 1886) were investigated in Goheung Bay, Korea, from February 2020 to February 2021. Females were observed more frequently than males. The gonadosomatic index varied monthly, and reached the highest value in July. Ovigerous females peaked in July as well. The main spawning season was summer. The size at sexual maturity of females, corresponding to a proportion of 0.5 sexually mature individuals, was estimated as 20.93 mm carapace width (CW). The relationship between ln number of eggs (EN) and was for noneyed eggs, and for eyed eggs. Males grew faster than females ( mm CW and year−1 for males, and mm CW and year−1 for females).

Considering the increasing demand and scope for aquaculture of crucifix crab Charybdis (Charybdis) feriata (Linnaeus, 1758) an attempt was made to study its intestinal bacterial diversity. The intestinal bacterial diversity of C. feriata from three different sites along the Kerala coast was examined using conventional biochemical techniques as well as by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The total bacterial count in the intestine of C. feriata ranged from 1.5×106 to 3.2×106cfu.g-1 (colony forming unit per g tissue). The predominant isolates were genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Microbacterium and Dermacoccus . Among these two isolates one having protease and other with amylase and cellulase activity were selected for molecular characterization by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. They were identified as Microbacterium oxydans KU937308 and Dermacoccus abyssi KU937309 respectively. Since protease, amylase and cellulase are important in the areas of food processing, detergent, textile, pharmaceutical products, dairy, beverages and feed industries the isolates can be further screened for such applications. Dermacoccus abyssi has been found to be useful in biocleaning of industrial dye baths and Microbacterium oxydans in reutilization of brownseaweed waste.

Charybdis (Gonioneptunus) africana Shen, 1935 (Figure 14D) Material examined. M07, Stn. 123, 184m, ♂ 84.4× 57.5mm (IEO-CD-MZ07/1915); M08, Stn. 77, 290m, ♂ 24.3× 16.7mm, ♂ 23.4× 15.9mm (IEO-CD-MZ08/1813-1), 16S (MZ 424971), COI (MZ 434818), ♂ 24.1× 17.1mm; ♂ 21× 14.5mm, ♂ 24.3× 16.7mm, ♂ 27× 18.9mm (IEO-CD-MZ08/1813-2), 16S (MZ 424972), COI (MZ 434819); M09, Stn. 45, 322m, ♂ 41.2× 29mm (IEO-CD-MZ09/1816), 16S (MZ 424973), COI (MZ 434820). Habitat and distribution. Charybdis (Gonioneptunus) africana occurs between 48 and 126m, off South Africa (Barnard 1950; Shen 1935) and Mozambique (Kensley 1981). Results and remarks. These specimens were identified at genus level following Crosnier (1962), at subgenus level following Leene (1938) and at species level following Shen (1935) and Barnard (1950). A total of eight individuals were collected during the three surveys (M07, M08 and M09), at depths between 184 and 322m. This is the second record in Mozambican waters, which expands the species depth range from 126 up to 322m. Charybdis africana and Charybdis bimaculata have been considered synonyms (Sakai 1939), although WoRMS currently considers them as valid species. The similarity between the characters used by Shen (1935) and Barnard (1950) to separate both species might have justified that they were considered synonyms by Sakai (1939). However, Shen (1935) established differences in the relationship CW / CL, this being 1.46 for C. africana and 1.55 for C. bimaculata. Considering this as a distinctive character for both species, our specimens with CW / CL ratios between 1.42-1.47 are closer to C. africana. The tip shape of G1 could be a distinctive character between the species, only described so far for C. bimaculata (Leene 1938) but not for C. africana. The G1 shapes of the specimens (all males) are similar to those described for C. bimaculata, although their tips are more elongated and pointed (see Figure 15B). Colouration observed. The common name of C. bimaculata, “two-spot swimming crab”, makes reference to the two spots located on the mesobranchial region of the carapace. No information on the presence or absence of these spots on C. africana is available. These eight specimens also had two spots, although they were not as remarkable as observed in the images available of C. bimaculata. Our specimens showed a white spot on the cardiac region of the carapace, which was also observed in the images of C. bimaculata, although in this case they were much more elongated, even reaching the edge of the carapace. General colouration was also different as C. bimaculata is brown and beige colour, marble-like, while our specimens had a reddish-brown carapace with red granules. Legs and chelae were beige, with very scattered red granules, with bigger size and presence on the chelae. Dactyli were yellowish dorsally and white ventrally. DNA barcodes. The three 16S sequences present only one haplotype that fits 99.22–99.41% (three–four mutations) with four sequences of C. bimaculata from Taiwan (KX 060391), South Korea (MG 787408, NC_ 037695), and Vanuatu (KT 365596), deposited at Genbank by Negri et al. (2018), Liu et al. (2018), Kim et al (2018) and Evans (2018), respectively. The three different haplotypes found for COI sequences, differ in 11–12 mutations respect to several COI sequences of C. bimaculata (similarity ranging from 97.47 to 98.25%). As occurs for Ovalipes iridescens, these values fall just in the limit between inter or intraspecific variability., Published as part of Muñoz, Isabel, García-Isarch, Eva & Cuesta, Jose A., 2021, Annotated and updated checklist of marine crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura) of Mozambique supported by morphological and molecular data from shelf and slope species of the " MOZAMBIQUE " surveys, pp. 1-67 in Zootaxa 5056 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5056.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5577887, {"references":["Shen, C. J. (1935) On a new species of Charybdis belonging to the subgenus Gonioneptunus, from South Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 10, 15, 404 - 408. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933508654981","Barnard, K. H. (1950) Descriptive catalogue of South African Decapod Crustacea (crabs and shrimps). Annals of the South African Museum, 38, 1 - 837.","Kensley, B. (1981) On the zoogeography of southern African Decapod Crustacea, with a distributional checklist of the species. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 338, 1 - 64.","Crosnier, A. (1962) Crustaces Decapodes: Portunidae. Faune de Madagascar, 16, 1 - 154.","Leene, J. E. (1938) The Decapoda Brachyura of the Siboga-Expedition. VII. Brachygnatha: Portunidae. Siboga-Expeditie Monografie, 39 (3), 1 - 156.","Sakai, T. (1939) Studies on the crabs of Japan. IV. Brachygnatha, Brachyrhyncha. Yokendo, Tokyo, 377 pp.","Negri, M., Schubart, C. D. & Mantelatto, F. L. (2018) Tracing the introduction history of the invasive swimming crab Charybdis hellerii (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867) in the Western Atlantic: evidences of high genetic diversity and multiple introductions. Biological Invasions, 20, 1771 - 1798. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10530 - 018 - 1660 - 0","Liu, X., Yuan, Y., He, Y., Liu, S., Ji, X., Qin, Y. & Ma, K. (2018) Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Charybdis bimaculata and phylogenetic analysis. Mitochondrial DNA Part B, 3 (2), 1163 - 1164. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 23802359.2018.1524273","Kim, N. - K., Andriyono, S., Kim, A. R., Lee, C. I. & Kim, H. - W. (2018) Characterization of complete mitochondrial genome of two-spot swimming crab Charybdis bimaculata (Miers, 1886). Mitochondrial DNA Part B, 3 (2), 902 - 903. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 23802359.2018.1501292","Evans, N. (2018) Molecular phylogenetics of swimming crabs (Portunoidea Rafinesque, 1815) supports a revised family-level classification and suggests a single derived origin of symbiotic taxa. PeerJ, 6 (e 4260), 1 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 4260"]}

This article traces the evolution of China-Malaysia relations under National Front Prime Minister Najib Razak and the Alliance of Hope Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad. While the Belt and Road Initiative (bri) strengthened Beijing’s support of Najib’s kleptocratic regime in Malaysia, the 2018 general elections brought the anti-graft Alliance of Hope coalition led by Mahathir into power. Under Mahathir’s leadership, Malaysia cancelled several large-scale infrastructural projects like the East Coast Rail Link (ecrl), owing to their links with Najib’s 1mdb scandal and the unfavorable terms of the bri which put Malaysia severely in China’s debt. Although this curtailed Beijing’s use of Malaysia as a pawn in its goals in the region, it alienated some of the new Alliance of Hope’s supporters and saw the loss of much Chinese investment. However, Malaysia had already been caught in the bri’s web and Mahathir had to mend fences with Beijing by renegotiating better deals and redefining Malaysia’s relations with China. As Malaysia is geopolitically strategic to China’s extension of influence in Southeast Asia, Beijing willingly cut the ecrl cost by a third. It is in such context and with due consideration of the changing developments in the Alliance of Hope’s perception of Malaysia’s relations with China that this article will explore the enigmatic nature of China-Malaysia relations as the latter strives to protect its sovereignty against Chinese influence and Beijing continues to press its charm offensive through the bri.

This essay is a response to Julie Cooper’s piece in this volume. In her essay, Cooper insightfully analyzes ways in which the rise of the modern state has imposed “religious” forms of identificatio...

Kristin Kostka,1,2 Talita Duarte-Salles,3 Albert Prats-Uribe,4 Anthony G Sena,5,6 Andrea Pistillo,3 Sara Khalid,4 Lana YH Lai,7 Asieh Golozar,8,9 Thamir M Alshammari,10 Dalia M Dawoud,11 Fredrik Nyberg,12 Adam B Wilcox,13,14 Alan Andryc,5 Andrew Williams,15 Anna Ostropolets,16 Carlos Areia,17 Chi Young Jung,18 Christopher A Harle,19 Christian G Reich,1,2 Clair Blacketer,5,6 Daniel R Morales,20 David A Dorr,21 Edward Burn,3,4 Elena Roel,3,22 Eng Hooi Tan,4 Evan Minty,23 Frank DeFalco,5 Gabriel de Maeztu,24 Gigi Lipori,19 Hiba Alghoul,25 Hong Zhu,26 Jason A Thomas,13 Jiang Bian,19 Jimyung Park,27 Jordi Martínez Roldán,28 Jose D Posada,29 Juan M Banda,30 Juan P Horcajada,31 Julianna Kohler,32 Karishma Shah,33 Karthik Natarajan,16,34 Kristine E Lynch,35,36 Li Liu,37 Lisa M Schilling,38 Martina Recalde,3,22 Matthew Spotnitz,14 Mengchun Gong,39 Michael E Matheny,40,41 Neus Valveny,42 Nicole G Weiskopf,21 Nigam Shah,29 Osaid Alser,43 Paula Casajust,42 Rae Woong Park,27,44 Robert Schuff,21 Sarah Seager,1 Scott L DuVall,35,36 Seng Chan You,45 Seokyoung Song,46 Sergio Fernández-Bertolín,3 Stephen Fortin,5 Tanja Magoc,19 Thomas Falconer,16 Vignesh Subbian,47 Vojtech Huser,48 Waheed-Ul-Rahman Ahmed,33,49 William Carter,38 Yin Guan,50 Yankuic Galvan,19 Xing He,19 Peter R Rijnbeek,6 George Hripcsak,16,34 Patrick B Ryan,5,16 Marc A Suchard,51 Daniel Prieto-Alhambra4 1IQVIA, Cambridge, MA, USA; 2OHDSI Center at The Roux Institute, Northeastern University, Portland, ME, USA; 3Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primà ria de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain; 4Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; 5Janssen Research & Development, Titusville, NJ, USA; 6Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; 7School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; 8Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA; 9Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; 10College of Pharmacy, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 11National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, London, UK; 12School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 13Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; 14Unviersity of Washington Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; 15Tufts Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Boston, MA, USA; 16Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; 17Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; 18Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea; 19University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA; 20Division of Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; 21Department of Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; 22Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; 23O’Brien Institute for Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; 24IOMED, Barcelona, Spain; 25Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine; 26Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 27Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; 28Director of Innovation and Digital Transformation, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; 29Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA; 30Georgia State University, Department of Computer Science, Atlanta, GA, USA; 31Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital del Mar, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; 32United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA; 33Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; 34New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA; 35VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; 36Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; 37Biomedical Big Data Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 38Data Science to Patient Value Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; 39Institute of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 40Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; 41Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; 42Real-World Evidence, TFS, Barcelona, Spain; 43Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 44Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; 45Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; 46Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; 47College of Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; 48National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; 49College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke’s Campus, Exeter, UK; 50DHC Technologies Co. Ltd., Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 51Departments of Biostatistics, Computational Medicine, and Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USACorrespondence: Daniel Prieto-Alhambra, Botnar Research Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX37LD, UK, Email daniel.prietoalhambra@ndorms.ox.ac.ukPurpose: Routinely collected real world data (RWD) have great utility in aiding the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic response. Here we present the international Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) Characterizing Health Associated Risks and Your Baseline Disease In SARS-COV-2 (CHARYBDIS) framework for standardisation and analysis of COVID-19 RWD.Patients and Methods: We conducted a descriptive retrospective database study using a federated network of data partners in the United States, Europe (the Netherlands, Spain, the UK, Germany, France and Italy) and Asia (South Korea and China). The study protocol and analytical package were released on 11th June 2020 and are iteratively updated via GitHub. We identified three non-mutually exclusive cohorts of 4,537,153 individuals with a clinical COVID-19 diagnosis or positive test, 886,193 hospitalized with COVID-19, and 113,627 hospitalized with COVID-19 requiring intensive services.Results: We aggregated over 22,000 unique characteristics describing patients with COVID-19. All comorbidities, symptoms, medications, and outcomes are described by cohort in aggregate counts and are readily available online. Globally, we observed similarities in the USA and Europe: more women diagnosed than men but more men hospitalized than women, most diagnosed cases between 25 and 60 years of age versus most hospitalized cases between 60 and 80 years of age. South Korea differed with more women than men hospitalized. Common comorbidities included type 2 diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease and heart disease. Common presenting symptoms were dyspnea, cough and fever. Symptom data availability was more common in hospitalized cohorts than diagnosed.Conclusion: We constructed a global, multi-centre view to describe trends in COVID-19 progression, management and evolution over time. By characterising baseline variability in patients and geography, our work provides critical context that may otherwise be misconstrued as data quality issues. This is important as we perform studies on adverse events of special interest in COVID-19 vaccine surveillance.Keywords: OHDSI, OMOP CDM, descriptive epidemiology, real world data, real world evidence, open science

Berberine hydrochloride is the main active ingredient of Coptis chinensis, which has demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against bacteria. However, the molecular mechanism underlying its effects is unclear in crabs. In this study, we used transcriptome sequencing to investigate the molecules involved in the therapeutic and defensive responses of Charybdis japonica infected with 105 colony-forming units (CFU)/L of Aeromonas hydrophila following treatment with berberine hydrochloride. A total of 5,409 differentially expressed genes were observed after exposure of C. japonicus for 72 h to 100 mg/L berberine hydrochloride, 100 mg/L berberine hydrochloride plus injection of 105 CFU/L A. hydrophila, and a control group injected with equal amount of physiological saline solution. Enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were involved in metabolism, cellular processes, signal transduction, and immune function. The transcriptomic results indicated that exposure to berberine hydrochloride activated glutathione metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid degradation, retinol metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, and the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signaling pathway. Transcriptomic analysis and relative mRNA level analysis also identified acid hydrolase genes and phagosomal genes as key factors regulating the adaptation of acid berberine-infused C. japonicus to infection with A. hydrophila, Based on the ability of berberine hydrochloride to induce acid hydrolase and phagosomal gene expression, which can in turn remove bacteria, immersion in berberine hydrochloride may remove A. hydrophila and thus improve the survival of C. japonica. The results of this study provided a new scientific basis for the potential role of berberine hydrochloride in the immune mechanisms of crabs.

Under the so-called normalisation, the community of underground artists was not the only source of an alternate lifestyle to state-mandated behaviour in Czechoslovakia. Many Evangelical communities provided young people with an equally different vision for living, albeit much less radical. The study aims to reveal what forms of contact took place between the two milieux, principally drawing upon interviews conducted by the author with seven figures active in various Evangelical-oriented communities during the period mentioned above. The interviews recorded these people’s attitudes on the church’s social engagement, allowing respondents to judge the actions of their parent churches under the domination of state power that was hostile to religious congregations and reflect on their own positions concerning the communist regime. The article further explores the multi-layered relationship of respondents to the dissent, which provides valuable insights into the ambivalence of the Czechoslovak Evangelical clergy towards various forms of anti-regime resistance. The paper concludes with a description of specific, selected interactions between the Evangelical and underground milieux and an explanation of possible reasons why there was no significant connection between the two alternatives during the examined period.

Background The present study was performed to determine carapace length–body weight relationship of Charybdis callianassa. In fisheries biology, length–weight relationships are important as they allow for the calculation, by creating a mathematical equation between the two, of the total weight of the fish in a particular group in fish. Such information is helpful for fishery scientists to research the dynamics of development and populations and for public agencies that can maintain and preserve these resources sustainably. Results A study on the carapace length–body weight relationship of Charybdis callianassa (Herbst, 1789) was made on the northwest coast of India for the first time. The study was based on experimental trawl fishing conducted fortnightly from August 2019 to March 2020. A total of 479 specimens, including 262 males and 217 females from fishing trawler, were examined for their carapace length and total weight. The carapace length ranged from 2.69 to 3.54 cm, and the total weight from 5.26 to 7.36 g. This analysis revealed that the crabs exhibited negative allometric development, as shown by average exponents 'b' = 2.71 for pooled data with high coefficient (r) = 0.91 and r2 = 0.83. Conclusions The carapace length–body weight relationship of Charybdis callianassa in relation to sex and carapace was studied in the Mumbai coastal water, India. We found major differences in the average “r2” values of species reported for males (0.89), females (0.79) and pooled data (0.83). Such kind of study is essential for fisheries biology to comprehend the differences in circumstances in small and large specimens that vary with environmental conditions and seasons.

Fifteen years after the first capture of a specimen of Charybdis japonica in the Adriatic Sea, we report the collection of two more specimens near the port of Ravenna. This swimming crab, native from the North Western Pacific, has already proved its invasive capacity in New Zealand coastal waters. Its possible establishment in the northern Adriatic lagoons may represent a treat for the local Manila clam fishery and aquaculture activities.

Nature in Singapore, 15, 1-2

Host range testing of a larval endoparasitoid Eadya daenerys Ridenbaugh (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was conducted. Eadya daenerys is most commonly associated with Paropsisterna agricola (Chapuis) in Australia, but is proposed as a biological control agent for Paropsis charybdis Stal (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in New Zealand. Nine species of non-target beetles with spring-active, external leaf-feeding larvae, were host tested. Development to emergence only occurred within eucalypt-feeding Paropsina pests: the target P. charybdis and another pest Trachymela sloanei (Blackburn). Unsuccessful internal parasitism occurred in four less closely related non-target Chrysomelinae. Considering the different feeding niches occupied by these beetles, we hypothesize that Eadya daenerys is unlikely to cause direct non-target impacts beyond pest Paropsina species in the New Zealand environment.

Intraguild predation is common in most ecosystems and has the potential to disrupt biological control. Coccinellids are widely used biological control agents that often engage in intraguild predation against parasitoids of their shared prey/hosts. The eucalypt pest Paropsis charybdis is the target of several biological control agents: a coccinellid, Cleobora mellyi, and two egg parasitoids, Enoggera nassaui and Neopolycystus insectifurax. Parasitised P. charybdis eggs are slower to develop than unparasitised eggs so parasitised eggs remain exposed to predators for longer. The potential for intraguild predation by C. mellyi to interfere with biological control of P. charybdis by its egg parasitoids was investigated. A series of choice tests demonstrated that C. mellyi adults and larvae have strong preferences for unparasitised P. charybdis eggs over parasitised, irrespective of parasitoid species. Adult and larval C. mellyi also fed readily on acacia and eucalypt psyllids with some evidence of preference for these prey over unparasitised P. charybdis eggs. A sole diet of P. charybdis eggs is sufficient for C. mellyi to complete development but is not enough to support reproduction unless supplemented with psyllids. These prey preferences for unparasitised over parasitised eggs, taken together with the necessity of psyllid prey for reproduction, reduce the likelihood that C. mellyi will disrupt biological control of P. charybdis.

Sustainable development of the important economic species, Asian paddle crab (Charybdis japonica), has attracted attention in the coastal waters of the Yellow Sea, China. The commonly used round pots are almost nonselective, resulting in severe bycatch of juveniles. In this study, we explored a method to improve the size selectivity for C. japonica by mounting escape vents on the side panels of each pot. The selectivity of pots with escape vent sizes of 70 mm × 20 mm, 70 mm × 25 mm, 70 mm × 30 mm, and 70 mm × 35 mm was tested using a catch comparison method. The estimated minimum landing size (MLS) of carapace height (27 mm), according to the regulated MLS of carapace length (50 mm), was used as a reference point to explain the results. Significant increases in the size of crabs caught by pots were found with the enlargement of escape vent size (Kruskal–Wallis test, P < 0.01). The pots with 70 mm × 20 mm, 70 mm × 25 mm and 70 mm × 30 mm escape vents released nearly 50%, 75% and 95% of undersized individuals, respectively, and these three types of pots retained approximately 90% of legal-sized individuals compared with the control pots without escape vents. The pots with 70 mm × 35 mm escape vents released nearly all undersized individuals, but they also released most legal-sized individuals. Pots with an escape vent size of 70 mm × 30 mm were recommended for the sustainable development of C. japonica in the Yellow Sea of China. The results of this study reiterate the importance of carapace height for determining the size selectivity, which can serve as a reference to formulate management regulations in the coastal waters of the Yellow Sea, China.

Vaccination against the SARS-CoV-2 may lead to immunologic reactions activating the haemostatic system and resulting in both venous and arterial thromboembolism. Aquired autoimmune Haemophilia following SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were now reported 15 to 19 days (or later) after vaccination and resolution of symptoms by adequate treatment of the immunologic reaction. From patients' point of view, anticoagulants and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines share their capacity to induce thrombosis as well as bleeding and clinicians are subjected to Scylla and Charybdis when they treat patients not only with anticoagulants but also with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Careful analysis of coincidence and causality requires attention when reporting on acquired coagulation inhibitors regarding severity, treatments, duration and statistical risk.

Simple Summary Crabs within the family Portunidae are important marine species in both aquaculture and fishery sectors. The current aquaculture status of most portunids still relies on wild-caught fisheries due to the lack of essential knowledge regarding their reproductive biology and underlying governing mechanism. In the present study, we compared the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the different sexes of Portunus sanguinolentus based on their gonadal transcriptome profiles and subsequently contrasted them with the gonadal DEGs of Charybdis feriatus, the other member of the family Portunidae. In total, 40,964 DEGs between the ovaries and testes of P. sanguinolentus were uncovered, with 27,578 up-regulated and 13,386 down-regulated in females. After comparison, C. feriatus has approximately 63.5% of genes in common with P. sanguinolentus, with 62.6% showing similar expression patterns. Interestingly, the DMRT gene was specifically expressed in male P. sanguinolentus, while its homologous gene—doublesex (DSX)—was specifically expressed in male C. feriatus. The DEGs obtained from the gonadal transcriptome of P. sanguinolentus are a beneficial resource for future genetic and genomic research in P. sanguinolentus and its close species. The transcriptomic comparison analysis might provide references for better understanding the sex determination and differentiation mechanisms among portunids. Abstract Crabs within the family Portunidae are important marine species in both aquaculture and fishery sectors. The current aquaculture status of most portunids, however, still relies on wild-caught fisheries due to the lack of essential knowledge regarding their reproductive biology and underlying governing mechanism. With the advancement of sequencing technology, transcriptome sequencing has been progressively used to understand various physiological processes, especially on non-model organisms. In the present study, we compared the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between sexes of Portunus sanguinolentus based on their gonadal transcriptome profiles and subsequently contrasted them with the gonadal DEGs of Charybdis feriatus, the other member of Family Portunidae. In total, 40,964 DEGs between ovaries and testes were uncovered, with 27,578 up- and 13,386 down-regulated in females. Among those, some sex-related DEGs were identified, including a dmrt-like (DMRT) gene which was specifically expressed in males. C. feriatus has approximately 63.5% of genes common with P. sanguinolentus, with 62.6% showing similar expression patterns. Interestingly, the DMRT gene was specifically expressed in male P. sanguinolentus while its homologous gene—doublesex (DSX)—was specifically expressed in male C. feriatus. The DEGs obtained from the gonadal transcriptome of P. sanguinolentus are a beneficial resource for future genetic and genomic research in P. sanguinolentus and its close species. The transcriptomic comparison analysis might provide references for better understanding the sex determination and differentiation mechanisms among portunids.

In this study, we first identified male-specific SNP markers using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing, and further developed a PCR-based sex identification technique for Charybdis feriatus. A total of 296.96 million clean reads were obtained, with 114.95 and 182.01 million from females and males. After assembly and alignment, 10 SNP markers were identified being heterozygous in males but homozygous in females. Five markers were further confirmed to be male-specific in a large number of individuals. Moreover, two male-specific sense primers and a common antisense primer were designed, using which, a PCR-based genetic sex identification method was successfully developed and used to identify the sex of 103 individuals, with a result of 49 females and 54 males. The presence of male-specific SNP markers suggests an XX/XY sex determination system for C. feriatus. These findings should be helpful for better understanding sex determination mechanism, and drafting artificial breeding program in crustaceans.

In 2020 the energy transition path was distorted by the COVID-19 pandemic which caused a sharp economic decline and a fast global recovery in 2021. Unlike that period, the years between 2001 and 2019 illustrated a different type of energy evolution for developed and developing countries regarding primary energy consumption. During this period the composition of energy balances of these two major groups demonstrated dramatic disparity, notably marked by the high share of coal in developing countries. The shock of 2020 led to a belief in expediting the transition to green energy, but in 2021 the economic recovery revived demand for oil and coal, dashing hopes for the growing renewable energy sources sector in the European Union that year. The return of coal, however, to the EU energy sector and stable demand for motor fuel globally led to the restoration of the GHG emission growth against the backdrop of the climate policy implementation failure. The current energy transition is denoted by features such as the flat oil demand in developed countries, the flat global demand for motor gasoline and the growing demand for diesel. The econometrics of demand for two motor oil products are quite opposite. For gasoline we have almost all hypotheses met: the negative influence of climate policy and oil prices, strong effect of dummies for shock of 2020 and 2021, and naturally 0.3 coefficient at GDP growth rate. Nevertheless, for diesel everything is exactly the opposite — only 0,4 coefficient at GDP and practically nothing else. This effect shows the strong role and trend for cargo use of diesel fueled trucks in the global economy. The high income of oil and gas majors in 2021 did not secure the investment upturn. A mature oil industry receives substantial profits for its investors, supplying dividends, and buying back debts without enlarging production capacities. At this point climate policy expectations of phasing out fossil fuels in the foreseeable future operated as a braking mechanism against reinvesting oil incomes. Moreover, at this junction we can observe governments’ limited capacity to pursue policies toward multiple objectives simultaneously: modest energy prices, energy transition and securing the sufficient capital formation for energy. The continued fusion of the economic upturn and energy transition will be dependent on demand and supply matching in the oil markets. It is also possible that the sanctions policies of 2022 may aggravate the situation, triggering high prices and uncertainties.

We conducted a whole genome survey in the portunid crab Charybdis feriatus (Linnaeus, 1758) using Illumina sequencing platform and developed a set of polymorphic microsatellite loci. A total of 117.7 Gb of clean reads were generated, with 74× coverage of the estimated genome size of 1.4 Gb. The GC content, heterozygosity rate, and repeat sequence rate of the genome were estimated to be 40%, 1.1%, and 51%, respectively. A total of 3,779,209 microsatellites were identified from the genome. Sixty microsatellite loci were evaluated in a wild population of 40 individuals. As a result, 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci (23.3%) were obtained. The number of alleles (3 to 15), polymorphism information content (0.365 to 0.884), observed heterozygosity (0.050 to 0.975), and expected heterozygosity (0.450 to 0.907) per locus averaged 6.8, 0.652, 0.691, and 0.707, respectively. We show that the genome of C. feriatus has a high heterozygosity and repeat sequence rates, and provide a novel insight into the genome profile of marine crabs. The genetic markers developed in this study are potentially useful for studies on population dynamics and conservation genetics of C. feriatus and other species of brachyuran crabs.

Thromboembolism is an infrequent complication in children with hemophilia that has been traditionally associated with the presence of a central venous access device. Novel rebalancing agents have shown promising results as prophylactic therapies to minimize the risk of bleeding but both thromboembolism and thrombotic microangiopathy have been reported as complications. The management of thrombosis in children with hemophilia is particularly challenging given the inherent risk of bleeding. In this paper, we present clinical vignettes to review the literature, highlight challenges, and describe our approach to managing thromboembolism in children with hemophilia.

Charybdis hellerii (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867) (Figure 18I) Goniosoma hellerii A. Milne-Edwards, 1867: 282. Material examined. Brazil, São Paulo: 5 &male;, CCDB 2920, Ubatuba, Enseada de Ubatuba, coll. F. Mantelatto, 26.v.1998; 1 &male;, CCDB 1942, Ubatuba, Praia do Lamberto, coll. F. Mantelatto, 03.v.2007; 1 &male;, 2 &female;, CCDB 4059, Ubatuba, Praia do Lamberto, colls. M. Negri & F. Mantelatto, 22.iv.2012; 1 &female;, CCDB 1407, Ubatuba, Ilha Anchieta, colls. F. Mantelatto et al., 01.i.2001; 1 &male;, CCDB 3884, Ubatuba, Saco da Ribeira, coll. F. Mantelatto, 02.ii.2001; 3 &male;, CCDB 3660, São Sebastião, Araçá mangrove, colls. F. Carvalho et al., 25.x.2011; 2 &male;, 1 &female;, CCDB 3882, Santos / São Vicente estuary, coll. R. Costa, 14.ii.2011; 1 &male;, CCDB 1459, São Vicente, Praia dos Milionários, colls. F. Zara et al., 23.x.2011; 2 &female;, CCDB 1613, Guarujá, Praia do Guaiúba, colls. A. Castilho & F. Zara, 10.viii.2011. Distribution. Western Atlantic—USA (Florida), Cuba, Colombia, French Guiana, Venezuela, and Brazil (Pará, Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina). Mediterranean Sea—Israel, Egypt, Syria, Cyprus, Turkey, and Lebanon. Indo-Pacific—Japan, Philippines, New Caledonia, Australia, Hawaii, and throughout the Indian Ocean, including the Red Sea (Calado 1996; Carqueija & Gouvêa 1996; Negreiros-Fransozo 1996; Tavares & Mendonça Jr. 1996; Mantelatto & Dias 1999; Coelho & Santos 2003; Tavares & Amouroux 2003; Bertini et al. 2004; Bezerra & Almeida 2005; Almeida et al. 2007b; Feres et al. 2007; Frigotto & Serafim-Junior 2007; Almeida & Coelho 2008; Lima-Júnior et al. 2008; Melo 2008; Felder et al. 2009; Musiello-Fernandes et al. 2011; Boos et al. 2012; Bentes et al. 2013; Rosa 2014; Negri et al. 2018). Remarks. Previous records in São Paulo include Ubatuba (Negreiros-Fransozo 1996; Mantelatto & Souza-Carey 1998; Mantelatto & Dias 1999; Bertini et al. 2004, 2010), Caraguatatuba (Braga et al. 2005), and São Vicente (Sant’Anna et al. 2012). It is an invasive swimming crab that has a worldwide distribution in warm waters (Tavares 2011) and its phylogenetic status, route of dispersion and colonization in America was recently clarified (Negri et al. 2018). Sequences accession number (GenBank): CCDB 4059—16S (KX060454), COI (KX060249) (Negri et al. 2018)., Published as part of Mantelatto, Fernando L., Tamburus, Ana Francisca, Magalhães, Tatiana, Buranelli, Raquel C., Terossi, Mariana, Negri, Mariana, Castilho, Antonio L., Costa, Rogério C. & Zara, Fernando J., 2020, Checklist of decapod crustaceans from the coast of the São Paulo state (Brazil) supported by integrative molecular and morphological data: III. Infraorder Brachyura Latreille, 1802, pp. 1-108 in Zootaxa 4872 (1) on page 65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4872.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423421, {"references":["Milne-Edwards, A. (1867) Descriptions de quelques especes nouvelles de Crustaces Brachyures. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 4 e Serie, 7, 263 - 288.","Calado, T. C. S. (1996) Registro de Charybdis hellerii (Milne Edwards, 1867) em aguas do litoral brasileiro (Decapoda: Portunidae). Boletim de Estudos de Ciencias do Mar, 9, 175 - 180.","Carqueija, C. R. G. & Gouvea, E. P. (1996) A ocorrencia, na costa brasileira, de um Portunidae (Crustacea, Decapoda), originario do Indo-Pacifico e Mediterraneo. Nauplius, 4, 105 - 112.","Negreiros-Fransozo, M. L. (1996) The zoea I of Charybdis helleri (A. Milne-Eswards, 1867) (Decapoda, portunidae) obtained in laboratory. Nauplius, 4, 165 - 168.","Mantelatto, F. L. & Dias, L. L. (1999) Extension of the known distribution of Charybdis hellerii (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867) (Decapoda, Portunidae) along the western tropical South Atlantic. Crustaceana, 72, 617 - 620.","Coelho, P. A. & Santos, M. C. F. (2003) Ocorrencia de Charybdis hellerii (Milne Edwards, 1867) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Portunidae) no litoral de Pernambuco. Boletim Tecnico Cientifico CENEPE, 11 (1), 167 - 173.","Tavares, M. & Amouroux, J. M. (2003) First record of the non-indigenouscrab, Charybdis hellerii (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867) from French Guyana (Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae). Crustaceana, 76 (5), 625 - 630. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854003322316254","Almeida, A. O., Guerrazzi, M. & Coelho, P. A. (2007 b) Stomatopod and decapod crustaceans from Camamu Bay, state of Bahia, Brazil. Zootaxa, 1553 (1), 1 - 45. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1553.1.1","Feres, S. J. C., Lopes, A. T. L. & Santos, L. A. (2007) Primeiro registro de Charybdis hellerii (Milne Edwards, 1867) para o litoral maranhense-Brasil (Crustacea, Decapoda, Portunidae). Boletim do Laboratorio de Hidrobiologia, 20 (1), 77 - 82.","Frigotto, S. F. & Serafim-Junior, M. (2007) Primeiro registro de Charybdis hellerii (Milne Edwards, 1867) (Crustacea) no litoral do estado do Parana. Estudos de Biologia, 29 (67), 227 - 230. https: // doi. org / 10.7213 / reb. v 29 i 67.22771","Almeida, A. O. & Coelho, P. A. (2008) Estuarine and marine brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda) from Bahia, Brazil: checklist and zoogeographical considerations. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, 36, 183 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.3856 / vol 36 - issue 2 - fulltext- 4","Lima-Junior, T. B., Aragao, M. I. C., Silva, J. P., Melo, G. A. S. & Leite, J. R. S. A. (2008) Occurrence of two Indo-Pacific species of Brachyura on the coast of Piaui, Brazil. Boletim do Laboratorio de Hidrobiologia, 21 (1), 35 - 40.","Melo, G. A. S. (2008) The Brachyura (Decapoda) of Ilha Grande Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Nauplius, 16 (1), 1 - 22.","Felder, D. L., Alvarez, F., Goy, J. W. & Lemaitre, R. (2009) Decapoda (Crustacea) of the Gulf of Mexico, with comments on the Amphionidacea. Gulf of Mexico Waters and Biota, 1019 - 1104.","Musiello-Fernandes, J., Vilar, C. C. & Rosa, D. M. (2011) Ocorrencia da especie exotica Charybdis hellerii Milne Edwards, 1867 (Crustacea, Portunidae) no litoral do Espirito Santo. Natureza on-line, 9 (1), 35 - 37.","Boos, H., Bond-Buckup, G., Buckup, L., Araujo, P. B., Magalhaes, C., Almerao, M. P., Santos, R. A. & Mantelatto, F. L. (2012) Checklist of the Crustacea from the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Check List, 8 (6), 1020 - 1046. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 8.6.1020","Bentes, A. B., Lima, W. G., Fernandes, S., Paula, J. D., Silva, K., Abrunhosa, F. & Bentes, B. (2013) Occurrence of Charybdis hellerii (Milne Edwards, 1867) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Portunidae) in an Amazonian Estuary. Biota Amazonia, 3 (3), 181 - 184. https: // doi. org / 10.18561 / 2179 - 5746 / biotaamazonia. v 3 n 3 p 181 - 184","Rosa, L. C. (2014) New records of portunid crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura: Portunidae) from Sergipe, NE Brazil. Check List, 10 (2), 445 - 447. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 10.2.445","Negri, M., Schubart, C. D. & Mantelatto, F. L. (2018) Tracing the introduction history of the invasive swimming crab Charybdis hellerii (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867) in the Western Atlantic: evidences of high genetic diversity and multiple introductions. Biological Invasions, 20, 1771 - 1798. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10530 - 018 - 1660 - 0","Braga, A. A., Fransozo, A., Bertini, G. & Fumis, P. B. (2005) Composition and abundance of the crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura) off Ubatuba and Caraguatatuba, northern coast of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 5 (2), 1 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032005000300004","Sant'Anna, B., Watanabe, T. T., Turra, A. & Zara, F. J. (2012) Relative abundance and population biology of non-indigenous crab Charybdis hellerii (Crustacea: Brachyura: Portunidae) in a southwestern Atlantic estuary-bay complex. Aquatic Invasions, 7, 347 - 356. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / ai. 2012.7.3.006"]}