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Jin-Li Guo,1,* Xian-Yan Yan,1,* Qing-Li Zhao,1 Chao-Na Gao,1 Chen-Hui Wei,1 Zhuan Wei,1 Yi-Ting Yue,2 Xiu-Juan Guo1 1Department of Nursing, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Nursing, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jin-Li GuoDepartment of Nursing, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 of Wuyi Road, Xinghualing District, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 13546395590Email guojl_551@163.comObjective: To study the limit time of phlebitis caused by continuous infusion of KabivenTM Pl and TNA (KabivenTM Pl+ alanyl glutamine + potassium aspartate) through a peripheral vein, and to provide a reference for clinical formulation of preventive measures for phlebitis.Methods: White rabbits (n = 72) were randomly divided into three groups: group A (Normal saline), group B (Kabiven™ Pl), and group C (TNA). Blood was collected from the ear margin vein before administration and after three hours, four hours, five hours, and six hours of administration. CRP and TNF-ɑ were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed on tissue samples taken from the insertion point of the indwelling needle, the tip of the indwelling needle, and 1 cm from the tip of the indwelling needle, closer to the heart, to analyze early pathological changes in blood vessels.Results: (1) There were no visible inflammatory symptoms in groups A, B, or C within 6 hours. (2) Four hours after starting intravenous administration, the levels of inflammatory markers in groups B and C were higher than in group A, and (3) the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration in groups B and C was more severe than in group A. (4) In all groups, the inflammatory reaction at the tip of the indwelling needle was more severe than at the other two sites.Conclusion: When the emulsions TNA and Kabiven™ Pl are infused through a peripheral vein, (1) four hours may be considered as the maximum time for continuous intravenous infusion in the same vein before inflammatory changes become evident, and (2) systematic assessment of the tip of the indwelling needle should be considered for inclusion in the nursing plan for phlebitis monitorings.Keywords: peripheral vein, Kabiven™ Pl, TNA, phlebitis, limit time, CRP, TNF-&#x0251

This study aimed to investigate the effect of upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) activity on cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression and N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA)-induced excitatory neurotoxicity in primary cultured cortical neurons. Rat cortical neurons were cultured for 8 days in vitro, and divided into control, NMDA, MK-801 (selective NMDA antagonist), rosiglitazone (ROSI, PPAR-γ agonist), GW9662 (PPAR-γ antagonist), NS398 (selective COX-2 antagonist) and NS398 + ROSI groups. Two hours after treatment in each group, cell viability, intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, PPAR-γ and COX-2 protein expression were detected by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry and western blot assay, respectively. The results showed that compared with the control group, 100 μmol/L of NMDA significantly decreased the neuronal cell viability, increased Ca2+ concentrations, which also increased the COX-2 protein expression and decreased PPAR-γ expression in neurons. Compared with the NMDA group, the cell viability was increased, Ca2+ concentrations and COX-2 protein expression were significantly decreased, PPAR-γ expression was significantly increased in the MK-801, ROSI, NS398 and ROSI + NS398 groups (both P

IntroductionThis study aims to compare the safety and efficacy of three commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce levels of serum tumour necrosis factor- (TNF-α) and substance P in children after orthopaedic hip surgery.Material and methodsNinety children were randomised into three groups (A, B, and C) of 30 patients each. After surgery, ketorolac tromethamine injections were given to patients in group A, ibuprofen suspensions were given to patients in group B, and acetaminophen suppositories were given to patients in group C. Pain and sedation scores were determined after 30 min and at 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. Inflammatory factors, including serum TNF-α and substance P, were measured before, immediately after, and 24 h after surgery.ResultsThe treatment was effective for pain relief and sedation in all three groups. The venous blood levels of TNF-α and substance P in all groups increased after the operation but decreased after 24 h, and this was statistically significant (p < 0.05). These levels significantly decreased in group A, the ketorolac tromethamine group, when compared to groups B and C, but the difference was not statistically significant. In terms of the incidence of adverse reactions, the level in group C was lower than that in group A and group B (p < 0.05).ConclusionsNSAIDs are effective for analgesia after orthopaedic hip surgery in children 1 to 3 years old. However, ketorolac tromethamine is preferred because it can significantly and effectively reduce serum levels of TNF-α and substance P in patient serum and causes fewer adverse reactions.

The Maoling gold deposit is located in the southwestern part of the Liaodong rift, NE China, and has estimated reserves of 25 t. In this paper we present the results of an investigation into the geochronology and geodynamic mechanisms of igneous activity and metallogenesis within the Maoling gold deposit. New zircon U–Pb age data, biotite 40Ar/39Ar age data, whole-rock geochemistry, and Hf isotopic analyses are presented in order to constrain the petrogenesis and mineralization of the deposit. Zircon U–Pb dating of the Wolongquan biotite monzogranite and Maoling biotite granite yielded mean ages of 194.0 ± 1.1 Ma and 196.1 ± 1.1 Ma, respectively. All the granites are characteristically high-K calc-alkaline, enriched in light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements, and depleted in high field strength elements, which is consistent with the geochemical characteristics of arc-type magmas. The Hf isotope characteristics indicate that the granites formed by partial melting of early Paleoproterozoic crustal material. In addition, biotite 40Ar/39Ar dating indicates that the Maoling gold deposit formed at 188.9 ± 1.2 Ma, implying that the mineralization was related to both the granite intrusions. Taking into account previous data on S–Pb–O–H isotopes and our new age data, the Maoling deposit can be classified as an intrusion-related gold deposit. Taking into account the geology of the study area and adjacent regions, we propose that the Maoling gold deposit and its associated granitic intrusions formed in a geodynamic setting that was dominated by subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian continent.

Purposes Hip fracture leads to decreased activity and an increased risk of pulmonary complications. The main purpose of this study was to observe the lung capacity, cough capacity of the elderly patient with acute hip fracture, and assess the effects and the feasibility of using a special-designed “upper-body yoga” training to treat elderly patients with hip fracture. Methods This was a prospective, randomized, and single-blind study. Eighty-four subjects aged over 65 years were randomly divided into either a control group or a yoga group to undergo an abdominal breathing program or an “upper-body yoga” program until 4 weeks after surgery. The primary outcomes were forced vital capacity/predicted value (FVC%), peak cough flow (PCF), Barthel Index (BI), and the incidence of pneumonia. The secondary outcomes were the rates of right skills and inclination. Results Thirty-nine subjects in the yoga group and 40 subjects in the control group completed this study. At the end of the first training week, FVC% (74.14% ± 13.11% vs. 70.87% ± 10.46%, P = 0.231) showed no significant difference between the two groups, while the value of PCF (204.80 ± 33.45 L/min vs. 189.06 ± 34.80 L/min, P = 0.048) and BI (38.59 ± 8.66 vs. 33.00 ± 9.32, P = 0.009) in the yoga group was higher. After 4 weeks of treatment, FVC%, PCF, and BI were higher in the yoga group (78.83% ± 13.31 % vs. 72.20% ± 10.53%, P = 0.016; 216.16 ± 39.29 L/min vs. 194.95 ± 31.14 L/min, P = 0.008; 70.77 ± 10.23 vs. 65.75 ± 11.30, P = 0.019). One in the control group and nobody in the yoga group was diagnosed with pneumonia. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the rates of right skills, whereas more elderly people preferred the training program of the “upper-body yoga.” Conclusion Elderly patients with acute hip fractures are at risk of impaired lung capacity and inadequate cough. “Upper-body yoga” training may improve the quality of daily life, vital capacity, and cough flow in elderly patients, making it a better choice for bedridden patients with hip fracture.

Rationale: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is the most common cause of acquired neuromuscular junction disorder. Thymectomy has been established as an effective therapy for MG, as it attenuates the natural course of the disease and may result in complete remission. Patient concerns: We report the case of a 22-year-old female with a 6-year history of MG presented with bilateral ptosis, diplopia, and intermittent dysphagia. She denied shortness of breath, dysarthria, and fatigue. Diagnoses: She had been diagnosed with MG 6 years previously at the Neurology Department of our hospital. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed thymic hyperplasia Interventions: She was treated with modified unilateral VATET that minimized incision size. Outcomes: Unilateral VATET was performed using two 5-mm incisions to minimize pressure on intercostal soft tissues/nerves and reduce postoperative pain. Lessons: The lesson learnt from this case report is that this modified VATET method could be a useful approach to the management of non-thymomatous MG. The ability to achieve complete dissection with good cosmetic results may lead to wider acceptance of this technique by patients with MG and their neurologists for earlier thymectomy and improved outcomes. Additional studies are needed to determine the superiority of this approach to established methods.

To further understand the variations of water-soluble ions in PM2.5 in Beijing, the authors observed their concentrations continuously and in high temporal resolution by the system for rapid collection of fine particles and ion chromatography (RCFP-IC) during 12–18 July 2010. These results combined with those of earlier backward trajectory research are used analyzed to determine the causes of concentration changes in water-soluble ions under the influences of two kinds of air masses in summer. The results indicate that concentrations of NO3−, SO42−, and NH4+ were influenced strongly by the continental air mass than by the marine air mass. Cl− and Na+ were not changed significantly. Because the sources of K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ are mainly concentrated on land, their concentration levels were slightly higher under the control of continental air mass than that of the marine air mass. Variations of NO2− during the observation differed from those of other ions; its concentration was significantly higher un...

Using Chagan Lake area as the study area and based on the DN value of sixth band of the Landsat 5 TM image of the region in 2011, this paper uses mono window algorithm to inverse the real surface temperature of the study area under the regional thermal radiation condition and curtained atmospheric transmissivity atmospheric transmission rate and emissivity. Then the inversion data and actual measured data are compared and analyzed. It is shown that the mono- window inversion algorithm achieved a high accuracy, and can better reflect the distribution of surface temperatures. On this basis, the temperature distribution of the region and its influencing factors are analyzed.

The interaction of daunomycin with calf brain tubulin has been examined by spectroscopic and sedimentation techniques. Spectrofluorometric studies have resulted in an association constant of 3.6 × 10 3 m −1 at 20 °C and a binding stoichiometry of two daunomycin molecules per tubulin 110,000 molecular weight dimer. The association reaction has a negative enthalpy change which, in accord with the results of the differential spectroscopic studies, suggests that daunomycin binds to tubulin through H bonding and/or electrostatic interactions. Sedimentation velocity studies, using an analytical ultracentrifuge equipped with an optical scanner, have shown that daunomycin binds to both the 5.8 S tubulin dimer and the 42 S double-ring structures. At concentrations above 2.5 × 10 −5 m , daunomycin perturbs the magnesium ion-induced tubulin polymerization toward the dissociation of the polymers and inhibits in vitro microtubule assembly.