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A phytochemical study of the stems of Homalium stenophyllum Merr. & Chun led to the isolation of two new phenolic glycosides (1 and 2) and three known compounds (3–5). The molecular structures of these isolated new phenolic glycosides (1 and 2) were unambiguously established on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic methods. All the isolated new compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against three human cancer cell lines: HeLa, A-549, and MCF-7 in vitro.

A new biphenyl compound: 5-aldehyde-4'-hydroxy-2,2'-dimethoxybiphenyl (

A new isoflavone (Z)-5,7,4′-trihydroxy-3′-[3-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-butenyl] isoflavone (1) together with seven known isoflavones (2–8) were isolated from the fruits of the Ficus auriculata. Their stru...

The phytochemical investigation of the stems of Homalium stenophyllum afforded seven new phenolic glycosides (1−5 and 8−9) and two known compounds (6 and 7). Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive analyses of NMR spectroscopic, mass spectrometric data and chemical hydrolysis. Additionally, their anti-inflammatory activities against the NO production in LPS-induced macrophages were evaluated.

A new chromene derivative, alternapyran (1), along with three known compounds (2–4), was isolated from the Alternaria sp. ZG22 obtained from a Dasymaschalon rostratum collected from the Hainan. The structure of the new compound 1 was elucidated by NMR and mass spectroscopic data. Compounds 2 and 3 showed broad spectrum antibacterial activity against four terrestrial pathogenic bacteria.

Two new cephalochromin derivatives, prenylcephalochromin A (1), prenylcephalochromin B (2), along with cephalochromin (3) were isolated from the Alternaria sp. ZG22 obtained from a Dasymaschalon rostratum collected from the Hainan. The structures of two new compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1-3 showed ��-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Seventeen compounds were obtained from the extract of the whole plant of Scutellaria hainanensis C. Y. Wu. Including eleven flavonoids (1–4 and 7–13), two phenylpropanoids (16 and 17), one pyridinium derivative (5), one ester (6), one phenolic derivative (14), and one lignanoid (15). Compound 5 was a synthetic intermediate, newly identified as a natural product. The chemotaxonomic relationship between S. hainanensis C. Y. Wu and other species of genus Scutellaria were also discussed. As a result, the isolated glycoside compounds closely matched the ones obtained in other species of the genus.

A new isoflavone (

Two new 2,5-diketopiperazines derivatives (

Two new 2,5-diketopiperazines derivatives (1-2), together with eight known analogs (3-10), were isolated from a culture broth of an endophytic fungus Nigrospora camelliae-sinensis S30, derived from mangrove Lumnitzera littorea. Their complete structures were determined by a detailed analysis of spectroscopic data and ECD calculations. The antimicrobial activity and neuroprotective activity of these isolated compounds were also evaluated.

One new piperazinedione derivative, nigerpiperazine A (1), along with six known compounds (2–7) were isolated from the fungus Aspergillus niger JX-5 from mangrove Ceriops tagal. Nigerpiperazine A (1) was elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and 13C NMR chemical shift calculations, compounds 4 and 5 were determined by X-ray and the CD spectra. The absolute configuration of 4 was identified by X-ray for the first time. Compounds 1 and 4 showed inhibitory activities against Helicoverpa armigera Hubner with the IC50 values of 200 and 100 µg/mL, respectively.

Two new aromatic lactone derivatives, homastenones A (1) and B (2), together with six known compounds (3–8), were isolated from the stems of Homalium stenophyllum. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses. Among them, homastenones A (1) and B (2) are two novel aromatic lactone derivatives containing 12 carbon atoms on the carbon skeleton, and the known compounds (3–8) were isolated from this plant for the first time. All new compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activities on nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells in vitro. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 12.25 ± 0.45 and 25.36 ± 1.65 μM, respectively.

One new furofuran lignan 2-methoxy-9β-hydroxydiasesamin (1), and four analogues (2–5), together with eight alkaloids (6–13), were isolated from the ethanol extract of the aerial part of Clinacanthus nutans. Their structures were elucidated by the detailed analysis of comprehensive spectroscopic data. All the compounds were isolated from the genus of Clinacanthus for the first time. In addition, lignans isolated from C. nutans was reported for the first time. Compound 1 exhibited modest activity against three human tumor cell lines Hela, MCF-7, and A549, with IC50 values of 68.55, 60.00, and 59.17 μM, respectively.

Scuteformoids A-J, ten previously undescribed neo- clerodane diterpenoids along with one known analogue, were isolated from petroleum ether soluable fraction of the whole plants of Scutellaria formosana . The differences among these compounds are the substituents and stereochemistry at C-13. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR experiments, and the absolute configurations of Scuteformoids A, C, E, F, and I were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Scuteformoids A, C, D, F, H, and I were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against HIV lytic replication and cytotoxic activities. All of them showed weak anti-HIV activities, with EC 50 values ranging from 48.24 to 79.17 μg/mL.

Three new phenylpropanoid derivatives, dasymaroacid A (1), dasymaroesters B and C (2 and 3), and one new polyoxygenated 6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-one derivative dasymarolactone D (4), together with seven known compounds (5-11), were isolated from the stems of Dasymaschalon rostratum Merr. Compounds 1 and 2 are unusual phenylpropanoid derivatives with a polymethyl substituted cyclopentene conjugated diketone as a substituent, and 3 is a unique cinnamic acid detective with a polymethyl substituted cyclohexene conjugated triketone as a substituent. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and chemical method, and 4 was further confirmed by the single crystal X-ray diffraction method. Compounds 1-4 and 7 showed weak anti-HIV-1 activities with EC50 values ranged from 16.44 to 25.91μM.

A new biphenyl derivative 5,5′-dimethoxybiphenyl-2,2′-diol (1), together with five known compounds (2–5), was isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus Phomopsis longicolla HL-2232. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic methods. The absolute configuration of 4 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction for the first time. The inhibitory activities of all compounds against two Vibrio bacteria were evaluated.

One new norsesquiterpene polyalone A (1), and one new natural product 9-keto-cyclocolorenone (2), along with three known analogues (3–5) were isolated from the roots of Polyalthia laui. Their structures were elucidated by the detailed analysis of comprehensive spectroscopic data. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities and antibacterial activities.

Two new cephalochromin derivatives, prenylcephalochromin A (

A novel aristololactam alkaloid, dasymalactam A (

In this study, the seed polysaccharides (PCSP) was ultrasonic-assisted extracted from Pouteria campechiana and optimized by response surface method (RSM). After separation and purification by DEAE-52 cellulose column and Sephadex G-75 glucan gel column, the pure polysaccharide component of PCSPa-1 was obtained, and its structure and antioxidant activity were analyzed. The results showed that the optimal parameters of PCSP with maximum yields (15.94%) were ultrasonic temperature of 79 °C, ultrasonic time of 69 min, and liquid to material ratio of 41 mL/g. The molecular weight of PCSPa-1 was 67900 Da. PCSPa-1 consisted of glucose and mannose with a molar ratio of 86.65:4.62, and the glycosidic bond mainly included →4)-α-d-Glc(1→ and →6)-α-d-Glc(1→. Scanning electron microscopy showed that PCSPa-1 was a strip structure with a smooth surface. In addition, PCSPa-1 had strong scavenging capacity to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis- (3-ethylbenzthiaz oline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), hydroxyl radical, and superoxide radical. Polysaccharides of Pouteria campechiana seeds could be exploited as a natural antioxidant.

Three new methylated Δ

Three undescribed aporphine alkaloids dasymaroine A (1), 3-methoxyoxoputerine N-oxide (2), and dasymaroine B (3), along with nine known analogues (4–12) were isolated from the stems of Dasymaschalon rostratum Merr. The structures were elucidated using spectroscopic methods and by comparison with published NMR spectroscopic data. Compound 1 is a rarely reported nitro aporphine alkaloid and its absolute configuration was defined based on negative specific rotation and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 2 represents the first example of oxoaporphine alkaloid N-oxide. All compounds were evaluated for their activities of six pathogenic bacteria, 1 exhibited significant inhibition against Escherichia coli and Saphylococcus aureus with MIC values of 1.2 and 2.5 μM, respectively. As well as compounds 1–5, 7, 10, 12 were evaluated for their anti-HIV activities with EC50 ranged from 1.93 to 9.70 μM.

Chemical study of the whole plant of Leucas zeylanica (L.) B. Br. has led to isolation of a new norditerpenoid isomer (1), along with 29 known compounds, including one norditerpenoid (2), three flavonoid glycosides (3–5), six flavonoids (6–11), two phytosterols (12–13), two phenylpropanoids (14, 19), two phthalate esters (15, 16), two phenolic compounds (17, 18), five terpenoids (20–24), one aliphatic glycoside (25), one nucleobase (26), one amino acid (27), two alkaloids (28–29), and one cytochalasin (30). The structures of these compounds were identified using NMR spectroscopic methods and comparing them with those previously reported. Twelve compounds (6, 15, 17–20, 22, 23, 26–29) were isolated for the first time from Leucas zeylanica and ten others (2, 4, 5, 7, 14, 16, 21, 24, 25, 30) from the Leucas genus. This study also discusses the chemotaxonomic relationships between Leucas zeylanica and other species of Leucas.

Three new methylated Δ8-pregnene steroids, stemphylisteroids A–C (1–3) were isolated from the medicinal plant Polyalthia laui-derived fungus Stemphylium sp. AZGP4-2. Their structures were elucidated by the detailed analysis of comprehensive spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compound 1 show antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli with the MIC value of 6.25 μg/mL, and 2 exhibited a broad spectrum of antibacterial activities against six pathogenic bacteria with the MIC values ranging from 12.5 to 50 μg/mL. The discovery of three methylated Δ8-pregnene steroids 1–3 are a further addition to diverse and complex array of methylated steroids.

Three new indole diterpenes, penicilindoles A–C (1–3), were isolated from the mangrove-derived fungus Eupenicillium sp. HJ002. Their planar structures and absolute configurations were determined by interpretation of NMR spectroscopic data, HR-ESIMS, and X-ray diffraction analysis using Cu Kα radiation. The cytotoxic and antibacterial activities were evaluated in vitro; penicilindole A (1) showed cytotoxic activity against human A549 and HepG2 cell lines with IC50 values of 5.5 and 1.5 μM, respectively.

Phytochemical investigation of the stems of

Two new compounds (1 and 2), together with six known compounds (3–8), were obtained from the Cladosporium sp. JJM22, an endophytic fungus isolated from the stem bark of the mangrove plant Ceriops tagal collected in South China Sea. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were confirmed by the comparison of optical rotation and the CD data with those of known compounds. The inhibitory activities of the isolated compounds against six terrestrial pathogenic bacteria and human cervical carcinoma Hela cell line were evaluated. Compound 3 exhibited a broad spectrum of antibacterial activities.

Two new phenolic glycosides (1 and 2) and two new isocoumarin glycosides (3 and 4), along with 14 known compounds (5-18), were isolated from the stems of Homalium paniculiflorum. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods. All new compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities via examining the inhibitory activity on nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells in vitro. Compounds 1 and 4 exhibited inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 30.23 ± 1.23 μM and 19.36 ± 0.19 μM, respectively.

A new benzocoumarin derivative, dendrocoumarin (1), along with itolide A were isolated from the stems of Dendrobium nobile. The structure of the new compound 1 elucidated on the basis of NMR and mass spectroscopic data. Compounds 1 and 2 showed broad spectrum antibacterial activity against five terrestrial pathogenic bacteria.

One new norisoprenoid 3,9-dihydroxy dihydro actinidiolide (1), together with eleven known compounds (2–12), were isolated from ethanol extract of the leaves of Ficus pumila collected in Hainan Province, China. Their structures were elucidated by the detailed analysis of comprehensive spectroscopic data. Compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, 8 and 10–12 were isolated from the F. pumila for the first time. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity. Compounds 3 and 9 showed weak cytotoxic activity against Hela, MCF-7 and A549 cell lines.

Phytochemical investigation of the stems of Vatica mangachapoi (Dipterocarpaceae) led to the isolation and structural elucidation of twenty-seven oligostilbenes (1–27), including a new natural compound 1. The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses including NMR, MS and ECD data, and the known compounds were identified by comparisons with those reported in the literature. The absolute configuration of 1 was first time determined by a combination of NOESY spectrum and quantum chemical computation. Among of isolates were tested for their anti-osteoporosis and anti-HIV-1 activities in vitro by the MTT method. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds was summarised.

One new lignan derivative 2,3-dimethyl-4-(4′-hydroxy-3′,5′-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-naphthalene (1), together with four known analogues (2-5), were isolated from acetone extract of the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lipsiense collected in the Hainan Province, China. Their structures were elucidated by the detailed analysis of comprehensive spectroscopic data. Compound 1 showed insecticidal activity against newly hatched karvae of Helicoverpa armigera Hubner. Compounds 1-5 showed moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with the same MIC value of 1.25 μg/mL.

Two new benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, namely, hexapetalines A (1) and B (2), along with 11 known alkaloids were isolated from the stems of Artabotrys hexapetalus. The structures of 1 and 2 with their absolute configurations were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and the known compounds were identified by comparisons with data in the literature. All new compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against five human cancer cell lines: HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7 and SW480 in vitro. Alkaloids 1 and 2 exhibited inhibitory effects with IC50 values comparable to those of cisplatin.

Two new xanthene derivatives, homapanicones A ( 1 ) and B ( 2 ), along with 11 known compounds ( 3 – 13 ), were isolated from the stems of Homalium paniculiflorum . Among them, homapanicones A ( 1 ) and B ( 2 ) represent the first example of naturally occurring xanthene derivatives with an oxidized aromatic B unit, and the known compounds ( 3 – 13 ) were isolated from this plant for the first time. These structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1 and 2 were tested for their cytotoxicities on HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, and SW480 human tumor cell lines. Homapanicones A ( 1 ) and B ( 2 ) showed cytotoxicities against various human cancer cell lines in the range of IC 50 at 4.08–24.14 μM.

The chemical consituents from Artabotrys hongkongensis were separated and purified by column chromatographies with silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS and RP-HPLC. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis, as well as comparisons with the data reported in the literature. As a result, 16 sesquiterpenes were isolated and elucidated as blumenol A (1), 4, 5-dihydroblumenol A (2), (6R, 9S)-3-oxo-a-ionol (3), 3-hydroxy-β-ionone (4), dehydrovomifoliol (5), (3R, 6R, 7E) -3-hydroxy-4, 7-megastigmadien-9-one (6), sarmentol F (7), 10-oxo-isodauc-3-en-15-oic acid (8), fukinone (9), petasitolone (10), β-eudesmol (11), trans-3β-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)- 8aβ-methyl-5-methylenedecalin-2-one (12), 10-hydroxyaristolan-9-one (13), aristol-8-en-1-one (14), aristolan-9-en-1-one (15), and aristolan-1, 9-diene (16). This is the first study on the chemical consituents of A. hongkongensis, and all compounds were isolated from the genus Artabotrys for the first time.

A new dihydrochalcone glycoside, phloretin-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), together with seven known flavonoids (2–8), were isolated from the stems of Homalium stenophyllum. The structure of 1 was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and the known compounds were identified by comparisons with data reported in the literature. The known compounds (2–8) were isolated from the genus Homalium for the first time. All compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against six pathogenic bacteria in vitro.

A new biphenyl derivative 5,5′-dimethoxybiphenyl-2,2′-diol (1), together with five known compounds (2–5), was isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus Phomopsis longicolla HL-2232. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic methods. The absolute configuration of 4 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction for the first time. The inhibitory activities of all compounds against two Vibrio bacteria were evaluated.

A new isoflavone, 5,7,4′-trihydroxy-3′-hydroxymethylisoflavone (1), together with three known isoflavones, 3′-formyl-5,4′-dihydroxy-7-methoxyisoflavone (2), ficuisoflavone (3) and alpinumisoflavone (4), were isolated from the roots of Ficus auriculata. Among them, 1 is a rare isoflavone containing 16 carbon atoms on the carbon skeleton. The structure of 1 was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and the known compounds were identified by comparisons with data reported in the literature. All compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against five terrestrial pathogenic bacteria in vitro. Compounds 1–4 showed significant antibacterial activities against various terrestrial pathogenic bacteria with MIC values ranging from 1.30 to 39.93 μM.

Four new anthraquinone derivatives (1-4) and four new alterporriol-type anthranoid dimers (14-17), along with 17 analogues, were isolated from the solid rice fermentation of the fungus Stemphylium sp. 33231 obtained from the mangrove Bruguiera sexangula var. rhynchopetala collected from the South China Sea. Their structures were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic methods. The absolute configurations of 1, 3, and 4 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction of their derivatives (1a, 3b, and 4a). The absolute configurations of the chiral 17-19 were determined by comparing their CD spectra with 21. The inhibitory activities of most of the compounds against seven terrestrial pathogenic bacteria and two cancer cell lines were evaluated.

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the petroleum ether, chloroform and EtOAc extracts of the stems of Ficus auriculata led to the isolation of five new 12-membered lactones (3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-de-O-methyllasiodiplodin (1), 6-oxolasiodiplodin (2) and ficusines A-C (3-5), together with three known related analogues (6-8). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of 3 and 8 were established by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 3-5 represent the first 12-membered lactones with a quinone ring unit. Compounds 6 and 7 exhibited significant proliferation function of primary osteoblasts (OBs) in vitro. Especially, the promotion rate of 6 reached 151.55±1.34% (P0.001) at the concentration of 100 μM.

In an effort to identify novel, small molecules which can affect the proliferation of lung cancer cells, F-01A, a polyether antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces was tested.F-01A was tested for its antitumor properties on the lung cancer cell line SPC-A-1, at six doses (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 μmol·L(-1)), using various cellular assays. Cell viability was measured by the MTT assay, Hochest 33258 was used to study nuclear morphology; DNA ladder and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential were also evaluated.F-01A induces apoptosis against SPC-A-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 is 0.65 μmol·L(-1), and the inhibition at 5 μmol·L(-1) is 87.89%. Further, JC-1 staining indicates F-01A could induce the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and the DNA fragment is evident.Mechanistic analysis showed that F-01A induced apoptosis of cancer cells probably in the mitochondrial pathway. The antitumor actions of F-01A involve activation of the apoptotic pathway against SPC-A-1 cells, and it may be valuable for further drug development.

Two new stemphol sulfates, stemphol A (1) and stemphol B (2), along with known compound stemphol (3) were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the fermentation of an endophytic Stemphylium sp. 33231. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. The isolated compounds exhibited potent antibacterial activities against six terrestrial pathogenic bacteria with MIC values of 0.6-10 μg ml(-1). The inhibitory activities of all compounds against five cancer cell lines were evaluated.

Ionic liquids (ILs) are one class of important industrial chemicals that may replace conventional organic solvents. Due to the solubility, the toxicity study of ILs focused on aquatic mediums. However, there is seldom research for the the toxicity on terrestrial organism. In this paper, we studied the toxicity of three imidazolium ionic liquids 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride ([Bmim][CL]), 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF4]), and 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium trifluoroacetate ([Bmim][CF3COOH]) on seed germination and seedling growth of pakchoi. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker technique was applied to detect DNA damage induced by imidazolium ILs. The results showed that all of three ILs could inhibit seed germination and seedling growth of pakchoi significantly at higher concentration (≥16 mM/L). At same concentration (1 mM/L and 4 mM/L), the genotoxicity of three ILs was following the trends: [Bmim][BF4]> [Bmim][CF3COOH]> [Bmim][CL]. It was concluded that ISSR assay offered a useful way to detect toxicity of ILs contamination on plant at low concentration even without transformation of physiological feature, such as germination and growth parameters and so on.