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Teamwork is benefited by the use of shared data sources. Also, ever increasingly, organizational work depends on the activities of team members situated in different physical locations, including both employees who work from their homes and others who have been temporarily transferred to another place. Since, for all these reasons, accessing data remotely is a growing need, organizations implement internal systems in order to control shared data access according to user privileges. In this regard, the cost of resource transportation needed to generate communication must be considered. The main contribution of this paper is the extended reference layered architecture ICDFSCV (Interface Control and Distributed File Systems - Communication Versioning). It allows to build a solution that, facilitates documents download and the creation and concurrent modification by multiple users through versioning control., Facultad de Informática

Subcritical CO2/H2O (30 °C/80 bar) was employed as a renewable solvent mixture in a 1 dm3 ultrasound reactor. As a representative synthetic transformation, the metal-mediated Barbier allylation was used to demonstrate the facility of formation and separation of the homoallylic alcohol product. The chemoselectivity over the competing aldehyde reduction could be improved by deploying the biocompatible nonionic surfactant Tween 80, a saturated salt aqueous phase, or by carrying out the reaction at 60 °C/120 bar. All of these modifications led to an apparent rate increase in the desired allylation. A range of substituted benzaldehydes afforded the corresponding homoallylic alcohols in moderate to high yields. The presence of water constituted a necessary condition for efficient product formation, while CO2 provided an appropriate phase for clean product separation by exploiting a favorable homoallylic alcohol enrichment. In this way, 0.025 mol of homoallylic alcohol product could be isolated from the CO2 phase in 1 h, avoiding further extraction stages that would typically require organic solvents.

Government Information Sharing (GIS) allows information exchange and integration between different government departments, agencies, as well as between public and private institutions. Sharing information enables enhanced efficiency -avoiding duplication of processes updating the same data; better quality of processes and services- removing inconsistent data and reducing error; and improved transparency -facilitating access to information. The implementation of GIS initiatives requires technological, organizational, institutional and environmental changes. Therefore, the definition of compeling business cases is required, while studying the feasibility of such initiatives. In this work, we present findigs of our research work studying benefits of GIS. Based on secondary data collection and surveyed GIS initiatives implemented in several countries, we present a comprehensive study of benefits in GIS. The main contribution of this paper is to provide a detailed list of feasible GIS benefits and a classification of such benefits, providing a rigorous benchmark to justify the implementation of GIS initiatives., Facultad de Informática

L’indagine conoscitiva realizzata in una area di 12,5 ettari, sita nel comune di Carpiano, ha permesso di ottenere uno schedario molto ampio di dati chimici e fisici quali metalli pesanti, metalloidi, macroelementi, radionuclidi, sostanza organica (carbonio totale e carbonio organico), diossine, furani, DDT, PCBs, pesticidi orgaclorurati, erbicidi, pH e tessitura. I parametri biologici hanno insistito sugli aspetti connessi alla Biodiversità e alla Bioindicazione come ad esempio i batteri e i funghi, l’utilizzo dei biosensori e degli artropodi, l’analisi dell’attività enzimatica e i lombrichi sino alla coltivazione di piantine di trifoglio per valutare eventuali variazioni del patrimonio genetico (DNA) causate dai contaminanti presenti nel suolo. Le informazioni, nel loro concetto olistico, hanno permesso di osservare uno stato di compromissione del suolo e della stessa vita degli organismi vegetali e animali che sono presenti nel suolo. Tale malessere del suolo è presente a differenti livelli di intensità e copre buona parte dell’area oggetto di indagine.

12 páginas, 9 figuras., We show that intranigral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection, which provokes specific degeneration of DA neurons, induced caspase-3 activation in the rat ventral mesencephalon, which was mostly associated with glial cells. In contrast, nigral DA neurons exhibited AIF nuclear translocation in response to LPS. A significant decrease of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio in nigral tissue after LPS injection was observed. We next developed an in vitro co-culture system with the microglial BV2 and the DA neuronal MN9D murine cell lines. The silencing of caspase-3 or AIF by small interfering RNAs exclusively in the DA MN9D cells demonstrated the key role of AIF in the LPS-induced death of DA cells. In vivo chemical inhibition of caspases and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1, an upstream regulator of AIF release and calpain, proved the central role of the AIF-dependent pathway in LPS-induced nigral DA cell death. We also observed nuclear translocation of AIF in the ventral mesencephalon of Parkinson's disease subjects., This work was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología SAF 2006-04119 and SAF 2009-13778 (JLV), the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish Cancer Society (BJ). M.A.B. was a FPI fellow of Spanish Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte during the course of this study.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine (L-DOPA)-induced dyskinesia is associated with molecular and synaptic plasticity in the basal ganglia, but the occurrence of structural remodeling through cell genesis has not been explored. In this study, rats with 6-hydroxydopamine lesions received injections of the thymidine analog 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) concomitantly with L-DOPA for 2 weeks. A large number of BrdU-positive cells were found in the striatum and its output structures (globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus, and substantia nigra pars reticulata) in L-DOPA-treated rats that had developed dyskinesia. The vast majority (60-80%) of the newborn cells stained positively for endothelial markers. This endothelial proliferation was associated with an upregulation of immature endothelial markers (nestin) and a downregulation of endothelial barrier antigen on blood vessel walls. In addition, dyskinetic rats exhibited a significant increase in total blood vessel length and a visible extravasation of serum albumin in the two structures in which endothelial proliferation was most pronounced (substantia nigra pars reticulata and entopeduncular nucleus). The present study provides the first evidence of angiogenesis and blood-brain barrier dysfunction in an experimental model of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. These microvascular changes are likely to affect the kinetics of L-DOPA entry into the brain, favoring the occurrence of motor complications.

The goal of this study is to evaluate the in vitro effects of rosemary, salvia, oregano and clove oils at volume fractions of 1000, 750, 500, 250, 100, 50, 26, 10 and 5 μL/mL (100, 75, 50, 25, 10, 5, 3, 1 and 0.5 %) on the growth of contaminating fungi in salami. The in vitro effect of the oils against fungal growth was indicated by zones of inhibition. Rosemary oil showed an inhibition zone of 9.6 mm only at the maximal volume fraction (1000 μL/mL). Salvia oil showed inhibition zones of 12.2, 11.2 and 10.5 mm only at the three highest fractions tested. Based on the inhibition zones, clove oil at 125 and 250 μL/mL, oregano oil at 250 and 500 μL/mL and a mixture (1:1 by volume) of the two oils at 100 μL/mL were selected to be applied to the surface of salamis. A significant reduction of fungal growth in all of the oil-treated samples was confi rmed by visual inspection. A sensory analysis revealed that the samples treated with 125 μL/mL of clove oil or 100 μL/mL of a mixture of oregano and clove oil showed no significant flavour differences compared with the control. Carvacrol and eugenol were the principal compounds in oregano and clove oils, respectively, and were most likely responsible for the antifungal activity.