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We describe a second species of Nearctomeris Wesener, 2012, a genus of pill millipede endemic to the southern Appalachians, based on morphological and molecular evidence. The fauna of Glomerida in America is characterized by its low diversity, and Nearctomeris smoky sp. nov. is only the fifth species of the order known from the eastern United States. Our phylogenetic analyses based on COI sequences recover a tentatively monophyletic lineage including both eastern American genera Onomeris Cook, 1896 and Nearctomeris, with a common ancestor in the Late Cretaceous to Mid Eocene and extant diversity within genera dating back to the Miocene. Our results suggest that the observed low diversity of the group in the eastern US is likely caused by extinction events, but it is also possible that new species are yet to be found. We provide new records for Nearctomeris inexpectata Wesener, 2012, Onomeris underwoodi Cook, 1896 and O. australora Hoffman, 1950; the latter is here reported for the first time from South Carolina. We also present DNA barcoding data for all species of Glomerida present in the US that are not yet publicly available.

Thirteen new species of Euconnus Thomson (Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae: Glandulariini) are described from the southern Appalachian Mts, USA: Euconnus megalops sp. nov., E. vexillus sp. nov., E. cumberlandus sp. nov., E. vetustus sp. nov., E. adversus sp. nov., E. astrus sp. nov., E. cultellus sp. nov., E. falcatus sp. nov., E. cataloochee sp. nov., E. kilmeri sp. nov., E. draco sp. nov., E. tusquitee sp. nov., and E. attritus sp. nov. These share a number of morphological characters with the Old World subgenus Cladoconnus Reitter, representing a diversification of species distinct from anything previously known from the western hemisphere. Most of the species occur at higher elevations, some at the tops of the region's highest mountains, and a few are single-peak endemics. No females of these species are winged, and in several species neither sex is winged. A preliminary phylogeny suggests the wingless species represent a clade within a clade of wing-dimorphic species.

Thirteen new species of Euconnus Thomson (Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae: Glandulariini) are described from the southern Appalachian Mts, USA: Euconnus megalops sp. nov., E. vexillus sp. nov., E. cumberlandus sp. nov., E. vetustus sp. nov., E. adversus sp. nov., E. astrus sp. nov., E. cultellus sp. nov., E. falcatus sp. nov., E. cataloochee sp. nov., E. kilmeri sp. nov., E. draco sp. nov., E. tusquitee sp. nov., and E. attritus sp. nov. These share a number of morphological characters with the Old World subgenus Cladoconnus Reitter, representing a diversification of species distinct from anything previously known from the western hemisphere. Most of the species occur at higher elevations, some at the tops of the region’s highest mountains, and a few are single-peak endemics. No females of these species are winged, and in several species neither sex is winged. A preliminary phylogeny suggests the wingless species represent a clade within a clade of wing-dimorphic species.

Carinumerus yingae (Jiang, Shi, and Wang, 2020), new combination Onthophilus yingae Jiang et al. 2020: 2. Remarks. This species was recently described by Jiang et al. (2020), and placed in the extant genus Onthophilus. This species is very closely related to the one I describe above, differing mainly in the presence of additional median pronotal longitudinal carinae in C. yingae. Their carina 4 (see fig. 2A in Jiang et al. 2020) is completely lacking in C. maddisoni, and pronotal carina 3 seems to be located closer to the lateral margins in C. maddisoni. With regard to generic assignment, while the similarities to Onthophilus are strong, significant differences in several characters preclude assignment to that genus, discussed further below. Subfamily Dendrophilinae Reitter, 1909, Published as part of Caterino, Michael S., 2021, New Fossil Histerid Species from Cretaceous Burmese Amber (Coleoptera: Histeridae), pp. 211-221 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 75 (1) on pages 214-215, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-75.1.211, http://zenodo.org/record/5335054, {"references":["Jiang, R., W. Song, H. Yang, C. Shi, and S. Wang. 2020. Discovery of the first Onthophilus species from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Coleoptera: Histeridae). Cretaceous Research 111: 1 - 4. DOI: 10.1016 / J. CRETRES. 2020.104443."]}

Forty-nine new species of Neotropical Exosternini are described in this work, representing the newly recognized Phelister blairi species group, within the large, heterogeneous taxon Phelister. Eight previously described species are also assigned to this group. Relationships within are indicated with several informal subgroups: P. blairi subgroup: (P. blairi Hinton, 1935, P. erwini sp. nov., P. fimbriatus sp. nov., P. stellans sp. nov., P. sparsus sp. nov., P. pretiosus sp. nov., P. trigonisternus Marseul, 1889, P. globosus sp. nov., P. serratus sp. nov., P. geminus sp. nov., P. parana sp. nov., P. asperatus sp. nov., P. uniformis sp. nov., P. miscellus sp. nov., P. inbio sp. nov., P. sculpturatus Schmidt, 1893, P. tunki sp. nov., P. praedatoris Reichensperger, 1939, P. ifficus sp. nov., P. genieri sp. nov., P. marginatus sp. nov., P. vazdemelloi sp. nov., P. dilatatus sp. nov., P. spectabilis sp. nov., P. pervagatus sp. nov.); P. amazoniae subgroup: (P. morbidus sp. nov., P. annulatus sp. nov., P. sphaericus sp. nov., P. geijskesi Kanaar, 1997, P. fraternus sp. nov., P. conjunctus sp. nov., P. chabooae sp. nov., P. striatinotum Wenzel & Dybas, 1941, P. notandus Schmidt, 1893, P. amazoniae (Lewis, 1898) comb. nov., P. arcuatus sp. nov.); P. gregarius subgroup: (P. gregarius sp. nov., P. praecisus sp. nov., P. rudis sp. nov., P. incongruens sp. nov., P. congruens sp. nov., P. praesignis sp. nov.); P. umens subgroup: (P. umens sp. nov., P. almeidae sp. nov., P. chicomendesi sp. nov., P. microdens sp. nov., P. matatlantica sp. nov.); P. curvipes subgroup: (P. curvipes sp. nov., P. vilavelha sp. nov.); P. rio subgroup: (P. rio sp. nov., P. semotus sp. nov., P. uncinatus sp. nov., P. inscriptus sp. nov.); incertae sedis – unplaced to subgroup: (P. incertus sp. nov., P. okeefei sp. nov., P. blairoides sp. nov., P. pirana sp. nov.). Lectotypes are designated for the following species: P. trigonisternus Marseul, P. sculpturatus Schmidt, P. praedatoris Reichensperger, P. notandus Schmidt, and Discoscelis amazoniae Lewis. Preliminary phylogenetic analyses of the broader Neotropical Exosternini do not support the monophyly of the P. blairi group, nor of all of these subgroups, but the majority do fall within one large clade (which is potentially paraphyletic with respect to some other Neotropical exosternine genera). More work on the phylogeny and taxonomy of this diverse fauna is needed.

Alaudes Horn, 1870 Alaudes Horn 1870: 362. Type species: Alaudes singularis Horn, 1870. Redescription. Length 1.4–2.2 mm. width 0.6–1.0 mm. color dark brown, luster opaque to slightly shiny. Body: Compact, subrectangular, apterous. Head: Transverse, slightly broader behind, emarginate anteriorly; upper surface transversely shallowly rounded, sometimes slightly concave and reflexed laterally; upper and lower surface completely covered with short, appressed scales. Eye reduced to single facet, positioned dorso-laterally but usually not visible from above. Antenna 11-segmented, compact, first 2 antennomeres broader than next 6, last 3 antennomeres forming compact club. Mandibles with mandibular mola very weakly sclerotized. Mentum short, transverse, ligula often obscured by large setal scales on mentum. Maxillary palpi short, apical segment elongate oval. Gular region with sides strongly produced anteriorly around mentum, anterior angles acute, apex between angles arcuate, concave, laterally depressed forming groove for antenna. Pronotum: About as broad as elytra, transverse. Surface covered with short, appressed scales except on central aspect of base, which is bare and forms a broad hexagon, apex often bearing a small pore. Anterior margin nearly straight to slightly concave, lateral aspect variable. Posterior margin bearing 2 trichomes, comprising pairs of longer, flattened setal clumps, 1 positioned around central bare area and 1 on posterior lateral margin. Scutellum: Visible, transverse triangular. Elytra: Slightly inflated, surface punctate-striate; punctures, setal shapes, and patterns variable; middle of basal margin of each elytron typically with small patch of scale-like setae opposing trichome of posterior pronotal margin; laterally nearly parallel to slightly inflated at midpoint; surface mostly bare, punctures variable, set in more or less even striae on disc, laterally becoming more confused; with variable setal patterns; anterior margin concave. Venter: Epipleura gradually narrowing from apex to base; prosternal process vertically convex between procoxae, mesosternum not excavate; Prosternum bare except central aspect with rounded scales, extending laterally on prosternal process; first visible sternite with more or less pronounced grooves extending laterally from sternal base. Legs: Moderate in length, slender, not inflated; femur similar in length to or slightly longer than tibia; tibiae and tarsi densely setose, femora sparsely setose; tarsi with ventral surface bearing numerous, short, stiff, black setae. Basal 3 or 4 tarsomeres similar in length, the distalmost about twice as long. Genitalia: Male (Fig. 2A–F) with penis ventral, basal piece and parameres similar in length, though somewhat variable among species, often curved basally or recurved. Female (Fig. 3) lacking distinct ovipositor. Internal tract with bursa, spermathecae multiple, lateral; spermathecal accessory gland apical., Published as part of Aalbu, Rolf L., Caterino, Michael S. & Smith, Aaron D., 2018, Studies in the Cnemeplatiini I: A New Subtribe and Revision of the Genus Alaudes Horn (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pimeliinae: Cnemeplatiini), with Descriptions of New Species from the Southwestern USA and Mexico, Including Notes on Distribution and Biology, pp. 249-268 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 72 (2) on page 252, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-72.2.249, http://zenodo.org/record/5381668, {"references":["Horn, G. H. 1870. On the revision of the Tenebrionidae of America, north of Mexico. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 14: 253 - 404."]}

Seltmann, Katja C., Cobb, Neil S., Gall, Lawrence F., Bartlett, Charles R., Basham, M. Anne, Betancourt, Isabelle, Bills, Christy, Brandt, Benjamin, Brown, Richard L., Bundy, Charles, Caterino, Michael S., Chapman, Caitlin, Cognato, Anthony, Colby, Julia, Cook, Stephen P., Daly, Kathryn M., Dyer, Lee A., Gelhaus, Nico M. Franz Jon K., Grinter, Christopher C., Harp, Charles E., Hawkins, Rachel L., Heydon, Steve L., Hill, Geena M., Huber, Stacey, Johnson, Norman, Kawahara, Akito Y., Kimsey, Lynn S., Kondratieff, Boris C., Krell, Frank-Thorsten, Leblanc, Luc, Lee, Sangmi (2017): LepNet: The Lepidoptera of North America Network. Zootaxa 4247 (1): 73-77, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4247.1.10

Diagnosis of Histerini known from Brazil Histerinae with convex oval to elongate body form; antennal clubs bearing distinct, straight (may be oblique) pseudo-sutures; tarsal cavity of anterior tibiae straight; elytra with distinct, well impressed striae., Published as part of Leivas, Fernando W. T., Moura, Daniel P. & Caterino, Michael S., 2015, Brazilian Histerini (Coleoptera, Histeridae, Histerinae): a new species, key to the genera, and checklist of species, pp. 437-444 in Zootaxa 3941 (3) on page 441, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3941.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/241368

Margarinotus Marseul, 1853 Margarinotus (Paralister) ignobilis Marseul, 1854 [introduced], Published as part of Leivas, Fernando W. T., Moura, Daniel P. & Caterino, Michael S., 2015, Brazilian Histerini (Coleoptera, Histeridae, Histerinae): a new species, key to the genera, and checklist of species, pp. 437-444 in Zootaxa 3941 (3) on page 443, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3941.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/241368, {"references":["Marseul, S. A. (1854) Essai monographique sur la famille des Histerides (Suite). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 2 (3), 161 - 311, 525 - 592."]}

Cretonthophilus n. gen. Type species. Cretonthophilus tuberculatus n. sp. Diagnosis. This genus shares many superficial sculpturing characters with various extant genera of Onthophilinae, including the carinae of the frons, pronotum, and elytra. However, it differs substantially from any genus in the form and placement of the hypomeral antennal cavities, which are deeply excavate and extend posterad beyond the hypomeral midpoint. In all modern members of Onthophilinae the antennal cavities lie further forward, immediately under the anterolateral corners, and the antennae themselves curve laterad or up to 180 degrees such that the apex of the club is exposed anteriorly. Further, the distinct sutures separating the apical three antennomeres are not seen in any modern Onthophilinae, which all have the club completely fused, with at most annular series of setae marking former antennomere boundaries. The prolonged, apically emarginate prosternal lobe is unique in this group, and nearly in the family, although it does vary somewhat in various subordinate groups. Etymology. The genus is named for its geological origin as well as its similarity to modern Onthophilus Leach., Published as part of Caterino, Michael S., Wolf-Schwenninger, Karin & Bechly, G��nter, 2015, Cretonthophilus tuberculatus, a remarkable new genus and species of hister beetle (Coleoptera: Histeridae) from Cretaceous Burmese amber, pp. 241-245 in Zootaxa 4052 (2) on pages 241-242, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/242619

Key to genera of Histerini recorded from Brazil 1 Outer subhumeral stria complete.................................................... Margarinotus Marseul, 1854 - Outer subhumeral stria incomplete or absent................................................................ 2 2 Mesoventrite truncated or subtly emarginated.......................................... Atholus C. Thomson, 1859 - Mesoventrite distinctly emarginated...................................................... Hister Linnaeus, 1758

Diagnosis of Histerini known from Brazil Histerinae with convex oval to elongate body form; antennal clubs bearing distinct, straight (may be oblique) pseudo-sutures; tarsal cavity of anterior tibiae straight; elytra with distinct, well impressed striae.

Servus group H. diadema Marseul, 1854: 559, Published as part of Leivas, Fernando W. T., Moura, Daniel P. & Caterino, Michael S., 2015, Brazilian Histerini (Coleoptera, Histeridae, Histerinae): a new species, key to the genera, and checklist of species, pp. 437-444 in Zootaxa 3941 (3) on page 443, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3941.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/241368, {"references":["Marseul, S. A. (1854) Essai monographique sur la famille des Histerides (Suite). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 2 (3), 161 - 311, 525 - 592."]}

Key to genera of Histerini recorded from Brazil 1 Outer subhumeral stria complete.................................................... Margarinotus Marseul, 1854 - Outer subhumeral stria incomplete or absent................................................................ 2 2 Mesoventrite truncated or subtly emarginated.......................................... Atholus C. Thomson, 1859 - Mesoventrite distinctly emarginated...................................................... Hister Linnaeus, 1758, Published as part of Leivas, Fernando W. T., Moura, Daniel P. & Caterino, Michael S., 2015, Brazilian Histerini (Coleoptera, Histeridae, Histerinae): a new species, key to the genera, and checklist of species, pp. 437-444 in Zootaxa 3941 (3) on page 441, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3941.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/241368, {"references":["Marseul, S. A. (1854) Essai monographique sur la famille des Histerides (Suite). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 2 (3), 161 - 311, 525 - 592.","Thomson, C. G. (1859) Skandinaviens Coleoptera, synoptiskt. I. Berlingska Boktrycherit, Lund, [5] + 290 pp.","Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decimal, reformata. Tomus I. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, [4] + 823 pp."]}

Cretonthophilus tuberculatus Caterino, Wolf-Schwenninger & Bechly, n. sp. Type material. Holotype SMNS BU- 162 (old no. F 2787 /Bu/CJW), deposited at the State Museum for Natural History in Stuttgart, Germany; a complete beetle of undetermined sex, preserved in a small and clear piece of Middle Cretaceous amber from Myanmar, without syninclusions. The sole specimen is remarkably well preserved, with all body parts intact, although the thorax and head are slightly distended. Some fracturing of the matrix at the posterior end of the body obscures some details of the elytral apices and pygidia, and a few small air bubbles slightly obscure some details of the ventrites. Description. Body elongate subparallel-sided (Fig. 1), darkly rufescent, with strong dorsal elytral and pronotal carinae, and lateral pronotal tubercles (Figs. 1, 3); most surfaces appearing weakly encrusted with debris. Dimensions (of holotype, in mm). Total (pronotal-elytral) length: 1.7; maximum (elytral) width: 1.05; pronotal length: 0.6; maximum pronotal width: 0.9; elytral length: 0.95; lengths of prosternum, mesoventrite, metaventrite, first visible abdominal sternite: 0.52, 0.2, 0.28, 0.25; lengths of protibia, mesotibia, metatibia: 0.42, 0.48, 0.51. Head: frontal disk depressed at middle but strongly carinate (Fig. 5), as follows: with acute, slightly longitudinal dorsomedian tubercle; complete subraorbital carina; prominent carina along anterior edge of eye; and strong, anteriorly convergent epistomal carinae; labrum about one-half width of distance between eyes, strongly protuberant, bisetose on lower surface; mandibles apically acute, sides concave; ventral mouthparts barely visible. Antennae deeply inserted beneath frontal carinae, at side of frons, adjacent to and just below midpoint of eye; scape (Figs. 4, 5) rather short, narrow, carinate along anterior edge, in repose resting below antero-ventral margin of eye; pedicel cylindrical, about onethird length of scape; antennomeres 3���8 shorter, globose; antennal club setose, comprising three antennomeres, with row of short setae in distinct, complete periarticular grooves. Dorsum: Lacking obvious scales or setae; prothorax narrowed to front, with deeply pentalobate lateral margins; dorsal disk longitudinally carinate, with incomplete lateral and sublateral basal carinae and paired, incomplete median anterior carinae rising to form acute tubercles at anterior margin. Scutellum visible, small, subquadrate; elytra with prominent humeral lobes, and three prominent dorsal carinae, more strongly elevated posterad, corresponding to the intervals between the 5 th and sutural, the 3 rd and 4 th, and the inner subhumeral and 1 st dorsal elytral striae; also with weak epipleural carina; dorsal striae appear foveate. Propygidium obscured by matrix fracturing; pygidium flat to slightly concave, fully operculate, folded beneath. Sterna: Prosternal keel slightly emarginate at posterior margin, weakly depressed (Figs. 3, 6), with longitudinal carinae slightly convergent anterad, reaching prosternal lobe, ending freely; prosternal lobe strongly produced, flat, apically emarginate, with prominent lateral alae slightly concealing antennal cavities, funicular groove broad; antennal cavities large, with well-defined margins all around, extending posterad just beyond midpoint of hypomeron, not completely closed posterad, with a notch laterad the procoxa. Mesoventrite with prominent, acute anterior projection (inserting beneath, and not identical in shape to prosternal emargination; Fig. 6) and shallow anterolateral emarginations; disk apparently with small paired setose pits; metaventrite with paired setose pits near posterior margin; little else of surface sculpturing distinct, though some weak carinae and foveation are evident. First abdominal ventrite with paired setose pits mediad metacoxae; subsequent abdominal ventrites with single series of large punctures. Legs: Procoxa globular, not strongly transverse; profemur narrowed toward apex, with weak groove on inner margin for reception of the protibia, and few recumbent setae along outer margin toward apex; protibia widened to apex, with distinct protarsal groove present along midline of distal one-third, lacking strong apical spurs, but with stout spines scattered along weakly rounded outer margin, and more densely toward apex of inner margin; tarsi 5 - 5 - 5; protarsomeres 1���4 similar in length, each with apical pair of ventral setae; protarsomere 5 about twice as long as preceding tarsomeres, lacking ventral setae; protarsal claws identical, evenly curved, about half as long as ultimate tarsomere. Meso- and metathoracic legs similar, femora narrow, elongate, tapered slightly to base and apex, weakly grooved on inner margins; tibiae somewhat abruptly widened from base, subparallel-sided to apex, flat, lacking obvious tarsal grooves, with series of stout setae along inner margins and single distinct apical spine at inner apex; tarsi rather elongate, with tarsomeres 1��� 4 subequal and bearing apical pair of ventral setae, ultimate tarsomere twice as long and lacking setae, bearing pair of evenly curved claws. Sex not determinable, because genitalia are not visible. Type locality and horizon. Hukawng Valley (exact outcrop among the various amber mines in this valley is unknown, because the specimen was acquired from a trader), Kachin State, northern Myanmar (Burma); Burmese amber (Burmite), lowermost Upper Cretaceous, earliest Cenomanian, 98.79 �� 0.62 mya based on U-Pb dating of zircons from the rind of unprocessed amber (Shi et al., 2012). Etymology. The species name refers to the prominent tubercles of the head and pronotum, particularly., Published as part of Caterino, Michael S., Wolf-Schwenninger, Karin & Bechly, G��nter, 2015, Cretonthophilus tuberculatus, a remarkable new genus and species of hister beetle (Coleoptera: Histeridae) from Cretaceous Burmese amber, pp. 241-245 in Zootaxa 4052 (2) on pages 242-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/242619, {"references":["Shi, G., Grimaldi, D. A., Harlow, G. E., Wang, J., Wang, J., Wang, M., Lei, W., Li, Q. & Li, X. (2012) Age constraint on Burmese amber based on U-Pb dating of zircons. Cretaceous Research, 37, 155 - 163. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2012.03.014"]}

Caterino, Michael S., Wolf-Schwenninger, Karin, Bechly, Günter (2015): Cretonthophilus tuberculatus, a remarkable new genus and species of hister beetle (Coleoptera: Histeridae) from Cretaceous Burmese amber. Zootaxa 4052 (2): 241-245, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4052.2.10

Coenosus group H. abhorrens (Schmidt, 1889) H. alegre Caterino, 1999 H. catarinae Caterino, 1999 H. cavifrons Marseul, 1854 H. conductus Marseul, 1862 H. curvatus Erichson, 1834 H. denysi Marseul, 1870 H. incisifrons Marseul, 1863 H. lissurus Marseul, 1854 H. lucia Leivas, Moura & Caterino sp. nov. H. punctifer Paykull, 1811 H. putridus Erichson, 1834 H. sturnus Marseul, 1862, Published as part of Leivas, Fernando W. T., Moura, Daniel P. & Caterino, Michael S., 2015, Brazilian Histerini (Coleoptera, Histeridae, Histerinae): a new species, key to the genera, and checklist of species, pp. 437-444 in Zootaxa 3941 (3) on pages 442-443, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3941.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/241368, {"references":["Schmidt, J (1889) Neue Histeriden (Coleoptera). Entomologische Nachrichten, 15, 361 - 373.","Marseul, S. A. (1854) Essai monographique sur la famille des Histerides (Suite). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 2 (3), 161 - 311, 525 - 592.","Marseul, S. A. (1862) [1861] Essai monographique sur la famille des Histerides (Suite). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 1 (4), 509 - 566.","Erichson, W. F. (1834) Uebersicht der Histeroides der Sammlung. Jahrbucher der Insectenkunde, 1, 83 - 208.","Marseul, S. A. (1870) Descriptions d'especes nouvelles d'Histerides. Annales de la societe entomologique de Belgique, 13 [1869 - 1870], 55 - 138.","Marseul, S. A. (1863) [1862] Essai monographique sur la famille des Histerides (Suite). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 2 (4), 669 - 720.","Paykull, G. (1811) Monographia Histeroidum. Stenhammar & Pamblad, Upsaliae, 114 pp."]}

Militaris group H. pioti Marseul, 1870 (Type locality, but probably in error as the species is otherwise known only in Mexico; Caterino (2002)), Published as part of Leivas, Fernando W. T., Moura, Daniel P. & Caterino, Michael S., 2015, Brazilian Histerini (Coleoptera, Histeridae, Histerinae): a new species, key to the genera, and checklist of species, pp. 437-444 in Zootaxa 3941 (3) on page 443, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3941.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/241368, {"references":["Marseul, S. A. (1870) Descriptions d'especes nouvelles d'Histerides. Annales de la societe entomologique de Belgique, 13 [1869 - 1870], 55 - 138.","Caterino, M. S. (2002) Revision of the Hister militaris group (Histeridae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 95 (3), 323 - 334. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2002) 095 [0323: ROTHMG] 2.0. CO; 2"]}

Leivas, Fernando W. T., Moura, Daniel P., Caterino, Michael S. (2015): Brazilian Histerini (Coleoptera, Histeridae, Histerinae): a new species, key to the genera, and checklist of species. Zootaxa 3941 (3): 437-444, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3941.3.10

Strigister Caterino, Tishechkin, and Proudfoot, new genus Type species: Strigister tecolotito Caterino, Tishechkin, and Proudfoot, new species Description. Size: Length 2.3–2.9 mm; width 2.0– 2.7 mm. Body: Body piceous, elongate oval, sides rounded, moderately strongly convex dorsoventrally. Head: Frons flat to weakly convex, with frontal stria complete along inner edge of eye, recurved dorsad, acute at middle; supraorbital stria absent; epistoma weakly depressed, shallowly emarginate apically; labrum about 4X as wide as long, emarginate apically; mandibles strongly bent mediad, with very strongly pointed apices, right mandible with simple, acute tooth at base of incisor edge, left mandible with weakly bifid tooth at base; submentum produced into base of oral cavity; mentum about 3X wider than long, emarginate apically, with numerous long setae; maxillary cardo bare, stipes with several long setae near lateral margin, ultimate labial and maxillary palpomeres narrowed, subulate apically; antennal scape slightly longer than funicle, sides uneven, slightly widened apically, bluntly dentate apicomedially; funicle widening to cupuliform 8 th antennomere; antennal club small, about length of apical 3 funicular antennomeres, increasingly setose toward apex, with single evident, weakly v-shaped annulus. Pronotum: Pronotal sides narrowed slightly from base to apex, disk without obvious gland openings, marginal stria complete along side, interrupted at anterior corner and behind head, submarginal stria complete along lateral and anterior margins; pronotal disk lacking prescutellar impression, variously sculptured. Elytra: Elytral disk with conspicuous ground punctation, secondary punctation denser apically; striae somewhat varied, but with most dorsal striae more or less complete. Prosternum: Prosternal keel truncate to weakly emarginate basally, with weak or no carinal striae basally, middle of keel interrupted by deep transverse incision, anterior to which the keel profile is depressed, with anterior carinal striae diverging from incision; prosternal lobe about two-thirds as long as keel, truncate to weakly emarginate apically, with very fine marginal stria. Mesoventrite: Mesoventral disk about 3X wider than long, anterior margin truncate to weakly produced, marginal stria complete, with varied anterolateral strioles. Metaventrite: Mesometaventral stria complete across front, continued by lateral metaventral stria toward metacoxa; postmesocoxal stria present, recurved anterad toward mesepimeron; metaventral disk weakly to moderately punctate. Abdomen: First abdominal ventrite with single complete lateral stria, disk moderately punctate, posterior margin moderately (females) to strongly (males) emarginate; ventrites 2–5 weakly punctate at sides; propygidium and pygidium very large, similar in midline length, variably punctate, lacking obvious gland openings or striae. Legs: Profemur weakly notched at inner apex; protibia with outer edge weakly rounded, weakly 4–5 dentate, with 2 small, apical spurs; protarsus with simple ventral spines in both sexes; mesotibia weakly curved, with 5–6 prominent marginal spines and a few submarginal spines along anterior surface; metatibia longer, more or less straight, with 4–5 marginal and a few weakly submarginal spines. Male genitalia: Accessory sclerites absent, T8 with deep, narrow basal emargination, sides weakly rounded to apex, with narrow, shallow apical emargination, ventrolateral apodemes weakly produced, widely separated beneath; S8 divided along midline, hinged to T8 near base, apices with few divergent setae, emarginate on inner edges and curved inward, with apical and midline membraneous velum; T9 with rather thick basal apodemes, sclerotized along their lower edges, ventromedial apodemes well-developed, strongly recurved proximad, T9 apex rather narrowly truncate; T10 elongate cordate, weakly desclerotized along midline; S9 elongate, narrow along most of stem base bulbous, apex narrowly T-shaped, with very weak median emargination and strong lateral and apical flanges; tegmen very narrow, elongate, parallel-sided in basal two-thirds, narrowed to weakly bifid apex, lacking ventral tooth or process, but with moderately well-defined median ventral keel; median lobe short, simple, extruded through ventral foramen one-third proximad apical narrowing; basal piece nearly one-half tegmen length. Female genitalia: T8 forming a single plate, apically narrowly desclerotized, with deep, arcuate, basal emargination, ventrolateral edges desclerotized/incised about midway from base to apex; S8 divided along midline with basal baculi narrowly attached at basolateral corners, basally convergent and subparallel in proximal half; S9 small, triangular, articulated with strap-shaped extension from apex of S8; T10 broad, desclerotized along midline; valviferae paddle-shaped, paddles about one-third total length; coxites rather stout, apically weakly tridentate, with distinct, articulated apical stylus; bursa copulatrix mostly membraneous, not strongly expanded, with paired sclerites above attachment of spermatheca; spermatheca weakly sclerotized, approximately spherical, with elongate, weakly spiraled spermathecal gland attached near its base. Diagnosis. This new genus can be easily recognized by several features unusual or unique among New World Exosternini. The single v-shaped annulus of the antennal club (Fig. 1) and the transversely incised prosternal keel (Fig. 2) are unique in Exosternini. The recurved and angulate frontal stria (Figs. 5–6), the truncate base of the prosternal keel (Figs. 7–8), the apically truncate prosternal lobe (Figs. 7–8), and the weakly bifidly toothed left mandible (Figs. 5–6) are found in few other New World Exosternini, and never in combination. Etymology. The name of this genus refers to the habits of the new species, showing an apparently exclusive but somewhat general preference for the cavity nests of true owls (family Strigidae), in combination with the common histerid ending –ister. The name is masculine., Published as part of Caterino, Michael S., Tishechkin, Alexey K. & Proudfoot, Glenn A., 2013, A New Genus and Species of North American Exosternini Associated with Cavity-Nesting Owls and a Reassignment ofPhelister simoniLewis (Coleoptera: Histeridae: Histerinae), pp. 557-565 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 67 (4) on pages 558-559, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065x-67.4.557

We revise the large Neotropical genus Operclipygus Marseul, in the histerid tribe Exosternini (Histeridae: Histerinae). We synonymize 3 species, move 14 species from other genera, sink the genus Tribalister Horn into Operclipygus, and describe 138 species as new, bringing the total to 177 species of Operclipygus. Keys are provided for the identification of all species, and the majority of the species are illustrated by habitus and male genitalia illustrations. The species are diverse throughout tropical South and Central America, with only a few species extending into the temperate parts of North America. The majority of species can be recognized by the presence of a distinct stria or sulcus along the apical margin of the pygidium, though it is not exclusive to the genus. Natural history details for species of Operclipygus are scant, as most specimens have been collected through the use of passive flight interception traps. Many are probably generally associated with decaying vegetation and leaf litter, where they prey on small arthropods. But a small proportion are known inquilines, with social insects such as ants and termites, and also with some burrowing mammals, such as Ctenomys Blainville. The genus now includes the following species groups and species: Operclipygus sulcistrius group [O. lucanoides sp. n., O. schmidti sp. n., O. simplistrius sp. n., O. sulcistrius Marseul, 1870], O. mirabilis group [O. mirabilis (Wenzel & Dybas, 1941) comb. n., O. pustulifer sp. n., O. plaumanni sp. n., O. sinuatus sp. n., O. mutuca sp. n., O. carinistrius (Lewis, 1908) comb. n., O. parensis sp. n., O. schlingeri sp. n.], O. kerga group [O. kerga (Marseul, 1870), O. planifrons sp. n., O. punctistrius sp. n.], O. conquisitus group [O. bicolor sp. n., O. conquisitus (Lewis, 1902), O. friburgius (Marseul, 1864)], O. impuncticollis group [O. bickhardti sp. n., O. britannicus sp. n., O. impuncticollis (Hinton, 1935)], O. panamensis group [O. crenatus (Lewis, 1888), O. panamensis (Wenzel & Dybas, 1941)], O. sejunctus group [O. depressus (Hinton, 1935), O. itoupe sp. n., O. juninensis sp. n., O. pecki sp. n., O. punctiventer sp. n., O. sejunctus (Schmidt, 1896) comb. n., O. setiventris sp. n.], O. mortavis group [O. ecitonis sp. n., O. mortavis sp. n., O. paraguensis sp. n.], O. dytiscoides group [O. carinisternus sp. n., O. crenulatus sp. n., O. dytiscoides sp. n., O. quadratus sp. n.], O. dubitabilis group [O. dubitabilis (Marseul, 1889), O. yasuni sp. n.], O. angulifer group [O. angulifer sp. n., O. impressifrons sp. n.], O. dubius group [O. andinus sp. n., O. dubius (Lewis, 1888), O. extraneus sp. n., O. intermissus sp. n., O. lunulus sp. n., O. occultus sp. n., O. perplexus sp. n., O. remotus sp. n., O. validus sp. n., O. variabilis sp. n.], O. hospes group [O. assimilis sp. n., O. belemensis sp. n., O. bulbistoma sp. n., O. callifrons sp. n., O. colombicus sp. n., O. communis sp. n., O. confertus sp. n., O. confluens sp. n., O. curtistrius sp. n., O. diffluens sp. n., O. fusistrius sp. n., O. gratus sp. n., O. hospes (Lewis, 1902), O. ibiscus sp. n., O. ignifer sp. n., O. impositus sp. n., O. incisus sp. n., O. innocuus sp. n., O. inquilinus sp. n., O. minutus sp. n., O. novateutoniae sp. n., O. praecinctus sp. n., O. prominens sp. n., O. rileyi sp. n., O. subterraneus sp. n., O. tenuis sp. n., O. tiputinus sp. n.], O. farctus group [O. atlanticus sp. n., O. bidessois (Marseul, 1889), O. distinctus (Hinton, 1935), O. distractus (Schmidt, 1896) comb. n., O. farctissimus sp. n., O. farctus (Marseul, 1864), O. gilli sp. n., O. impressistrius sp. n., O. inflatus sp. n., O. latemarginatus (Bickhardt, 1920) comb. n., O. petrovi sp. n., O. plicatus (Hinton, 1935) comb. n., O. prolixus sp. n., O. punctifrons sp. n., O. proximus sp. n., O. subrufus sp. n.], O. hirsutipes group [O. guianensis sp. n., O. hirsutipes sp. n.], O. hamistrius group [O. arquus sp. n., O. campbelli sp. n., O. chiapensis sp. n., O. dybasi sp. n., O. geometricus (Casey, 1893) comb. n., O. hamistrius (Schmidt, 1893) comb. n., O. impressicollis sp. n., O. intersectus sp. n., O. montanus sp. n., O. nubosus sp. n., O. pichinchensis sp. n., O. propinquus sp. n., O. quinquestriatus sp. n., O. rubidus (Hinton, 1935) comb. n., O. rufescens sp. n., O. troglodytes sp. n.], O. plicicollis group [O. cephalicus sp. n., O. longidens sp. n., O. plicicollis (Schmidt, 1893)], O. fossipygus group [O. disconnectus sp. n., O. fossipygus (Wenzel, 1944), O. foveipygus (Bickhardt, 1918), O. fungicolus (Wenzel & Dybas, 1941), O. gibbulus (Schmidt, 1889) comb. n., O. olivensis sp. n., O. simplicipygus sp. n., O. subdepressus (Schmidt, 1889), O. therondi (Wenzel, 1976)], O. impunctipennis group [O. chamelensis sp. n., O. foveiventris sp. n., O. granulipectus sp. n., O. impunctipennis (Hinton, 1935) comb. n., O. latifoveatus sp. n., O. lissipygus sp. n., O. maesi sp. n., O. mangiferus sp. n., O. marginipennis sp. n., O. nicodemus sp. n., O. nitidus sp. n., O. pacificus sp. n., O. pauperculus sp. n., O. punctissipygus sp. n., O. subviridis sp. n., O. tripartitus sp. n., O. vorax sp. n.], O. marginellus group [O. ashei sp. n., O. baylessae sp. n., O. dentatus sp. n., O. formicatus sp. n., O. hintoni sp. n., O. marginellus (J.E. LeConte, 1860) comb. n., O. orchidophilus sp. n., O. selvorum sp. n., O. striatellus (Fall, 1917) comb. n.], incertae sedis: O. teapensis (Marseul, 1853) comb. n., O. punctulatus sp. n., O. lama Mazur, 1988, O. florifaunensis sp. n., O. bosquesecus sp. n., O. arnaudi Dégallier, 1982, O. subsphaericus sp. n., O. latipygus sp. n., O. elongatus sp. n., O. rupicolus sp. n., O. punctipleurus sp. n., O. falini sp. n., O. peregrinus sp. n., O. brooksi sp. n., O. profundipygus sp. n., O. punctatissimus sp. n., O. cavisternus sp. n., O. siluriformis sp. n., O. parallelus sp. n., O. abbreviatus sp. n., O. pygidialis (Lewis, 1908), O. faltistrius sp. n., O. limonensis sp. n., O. wenzeli sp. n., O. iheringi (Bickhardt, 1917), O. angustisternus (Wenzel, 1944), O. shorti sp. n. We establish the following synonymies: Phelisteroides miladae Wenzel & Dybas, 1941 and Pseudister propygidialis Hinton, 1935e = O. crenatus (Lewis, 1888); Phelister subplicatus Schmidt, 1893b = O. bidessois (Marseul, 1889). We designate lectotypes for Operclipygus sulcistrius Marseul, 1870, Phelister carinistrius Lewis, 1908, Phelister kerga Marseul, 1870, Phelister friburgius Marseul, 1864, Phelister impuncticollis Hinton, 1935, Phelister crenatus Lewis, 1888, Phelister sejunctus Schmidt, 1896, Pseudister depressus Hinton, 1935, Epierus dubius Lewis, 1888, Phelister hospes Lewis, 1902, Phelister farctus Marseul, 1864, Phelister bidessois Marseul, 1889, Phelister subplicatus Schmidt, 1893, Phelister plicatus Hinton, 1935, Phelister distinctus Hinton, 1935, Phelister distractus Schmidt, 1896, Pseudister latemarginatus Bickhardt, 1920, Phelister hamistrius Schmidt, 1893, Phelister plicicollis Schmidt, 1893, Phelister gibbulus Schmidt, 1889, Phelister subdepressus Schmidt, 1889, Phelister teapensis Marseul, 1853, Phelister pygidialis Lewis, 1908, Phelister iheringi Bickhardt, 1917, and Phelister marginellus J.E. LeConte 1860. We designate a neotype for O. conquisitus Lewis, replacing its lost type specimen.

Here we present a complete revision of the species of Baconia. Up until now there have been 27 species assigned to the genus (Mazur, 2011), in two subgenera (Binhister Cooman and Baconia s. str.), with species in the Neotropical, Nearctic, Palaearctic, and Oriental regions. We recognize all these species as valid and correctly assigned to the genus, and redescribe all of them. We synonymize Binhister, previously used for a polyphyletic assemblage of species with varied relationships in the genus. We move four species into Baconia from other genera, and describe 85 species as new, bringing the total for the genus to 116 species. We divide these into 12 informal species groups, leaving 13 species unplaced to group. We present keys and diagnoses for all species, as well as habitus photos and illustrations of male genitalia for nearly all. The genus now contains the following species and species groups: Baconia loricata group [B. loricata Lewis, 1885, B. patula Lewis, 1885, B. gounellei (Marseul, 1887a), B. jubaris (Lewis, 1901), B. festiva (Lewis, 1891), B. foliosoma sp. n., B. sapphirina sp. n., B. furtiva sp. n., B. pernix sp. n., B. applanatis sp. n., B. disciformis sp. n., B. nebulosa sp. n., B. brunnea sp. n.], B. godmani group [B. godmani (Lewis, 1888), B. venusta (J. E. LeConte, 1845), B. riehli (Marseul, 1862), comb. n., B. scintillans sp. n., B. isthmia sp. n., B. rossi sp. n., B. navarretei sp. n., B. maculata sp. n., B. deliberata sp. n., B. excelsa sp. n., B. violacea (Marseul, 1853), B. varicolor (Marseul, 1887b), B. dives (Marseul, 1862), B. eximia (Lewis, 1888), B. splendida sp. n., B. jacinta sp. n., B. prasina sp. n., B. opulenta sp. n., B. illustris (Lewis, 1900), B. choaspites (Lewis, 1901), B. lewisi Mazur, 1984], B. salobrus group [B. salobrus (Marseul, 1887b), B. turgifrons sp. n., B. crassa sp. n., B. anthracina sp. n., B. emarginata sp. n., B. obsoleta sp. n.], B. ruficauda group [B. ruficauda sp. n., B. repens sp. n.], B. angusta group [B. angusta Schmidt, 1893a, B. incognita sp. n., B. guartela sp. n., B. bullifrons sp. n., B. cavei sp. n., B. subtilis sp. n., B. dentipes sp. n., B. rubripennis sp. n., B. lunatifrons sp. n.], B. aeneomicans group [B. aeneomicans (Horn, 1873), B. pulchella sp. n., B. quercea sp. n., B. stephani sp. n., B. irinae sp. n., B. fornix sp. n., B. slipinskii Mazur, 1981, B. submetallica sp. n., B. diminua sp. n., B. rufescens sp. n., B. punctiventer sp. n., B. aulaea sp. n., B. mustax sp. n., B. plebeia sp. n., B. castanea sp. n., B. lescheni sp. n., B. oblonga sp. n., B. animata sp. n., B. teredina sp. n., B. chujoi (Cooman, 1941), B. barbarus (Cooman, 1934), B. reposita sp. n., B. kubani sp. n., B. wallacea sp. n., B. bigemina sp. n., B. adebratti sp. n., B. silvestris sp. n.], B. cylindrica group [B. cylindrica sp. n., B. chatzimanolisi sp. n.], B. gibbifer group [B. gibbifer sp. n., B. piluliformis sp. n., B. maquipucunae sp. n., B. tenuipes sp. n., B. tuberculifer sp. n., B. globosa sp. n.], B. insolita group [B. insolita (Schmidt, 1893a), comb. n., B. burmeisteri (Marseul, 1870), B. tricolor sp. n., B. pilicauda sp. n.], B. riouka group [B. riouka (Marseul, 1861), B. azuripennis sp. n.], B. famelica group [B. famelica sp. n., B. grossii sp. n., B. redemptor sp. n., B. fortis sp. n., B. longipes sp. n., B. katieae sp. n., B. cavifrons (Lewis, 1893), comb. n., B. haeterioides sp. n.], B. micans group [B. micans (Schmidt, 1889a), B. carinifrons sp. n., B. fulgida (Schmidt, 1889c)], Baconia incertae sedis [B. chilense (Redtenbacher, 1867), B. glauca (Marseul, 1884), B. coerulea (Bickhardt, 1917), B. angulifrons sp. n., B. sanguinea sp. n., B. viridimicans (Schmidt, 1893b), B. nayarita sp. n., B. viridis sp. n., B. purpurata sp. n., B. aenea sp. n., B. clemens sp. n., B. leivasi sp. n., B. atricolor sp. n.]. We designate lectotypes for the following species: Baconia loricata Lewis, 1885, Phelister gounellei Marseul, 1887, Baconia jubaris Lewis, 1901, Baconia festiva Lewis, 1891, Platysoma venustum J.E. Leconte, 1845, Phelister riehli Marseul, 1862, Phelister violaceus Marseul, 1853, Phelister varicolor Marseul, 1887b, Phelister illustris Lewis, 1900, Baconia choaspites Lewis, 1901, Epierus festivus Lewis, 1898, Phelister salobrus Marseul, 1887, Baconia angusta Schmidt, 1893a, Phelister insolitus Schmidt, 1893a, Pachycraerus burmeisteri Marseul, 1870, Phelister riouka Marseul, 1861, Homalopygus cavifrons Lewis, 1893, Phelister micans Schmidt, 1889a, Phelister coeruleus Bickhardt, 1917, and Phelister viridimicans Schmidt, 1893b. We designate neotypes for Baconia patula Lewis, 1885 and Hister aeneomicans Horn, 1873, whose type specimens are lost.

Caterino, Michael S. (2010): A Review of California Margarinotus Marseul (Coleoptera: Histeridae: Histerinae: Histerini), with Descriptions of Two New Species. The Coleopterists Bulletin 64 (1): 1-12, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-64.1.1

Margarinotus (Ptomister) fenderi Wenzel, 1960 Margarinotus fenderi Wenzel 1960: 459. Hister pluto McGrath and Hatch 1941: 69, Fig. 42 misidentification. Remarks. Mazur (1997) noted this species as present in California, in bold, indicating that the record was reported in the original description of the species. However, Wenzel (1960) notes only that M. fenderi is closely related to a then-undescribed species from California (which I describe above as M. thomomysi). Margarinotus fenderi is known to occur only in Oregon and Washington., Published as part of Caterino, Michael S., 2010, A Review of California Margarinotus Marseul (Coleoptera: Histeridae: Histerinae: Histerini), with Descriptions of Two New Species, pp. 1-12 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 64 (1) on page 11, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-64.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4892928, {"references":["Wenzel, R. L. 1960. Three new histerid beetles from the Pacific Northwest, with records and synonymies of additional species. Fieldiana, Zoology 39: 447 - 463.","Mazur, S. 1997. A world catalogue of Histeridae. Genus (Supplement): 1 - 373."]}

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MARGARINOTUS KNOWN OR SUSPECTED ( † ) TO OCCUR IN CALIFORNIA 1. Pronotum with 2 lateral striae, the outer sometimes strongly abbreviated............................4 1′. Pronotum with a single lateral stria.............2 2. Outer subhumeral elytral stria present only in basal half, obsolete posteriorly................................. Margarinotus obscurus (Kugelann) † 2′. Outer subhumeral elytral stria complete......3 3. Pronotum with dense, discrete cluster of punctures behind anterior margin on each side (Fig. 1C); median armature of aedeagus with dorsal/proximal margin rough to serrate, straight (Figs. 2A–B).................................................... Margarinotus ephemeralis n. sp. 3′. Pronotum with only sparse, minute ground punctation behind anterior margin; median armature of aedeagus thin, smooth along dorsal/ proximal margin, curved dorsad (Figs. 2D–E)............... Margarinotus remotus (LeConte) 4. Elytra with all dorsal striae complete, stria 5 and sutural stria nearly connected at base (Fig. 7B)..... Margarinotus thomomysi n. sp. 4′. Elytra with at least fifth, usually fourth, and sometimes additional striae strongly abbreviated.............................................................5 5. Pronotum with outer lateral stria 3/4, usually fully, complete..............................................7 6. Apex of median lobe of aedeagus with two distinct teeth, these widely separated, with weak or absent median tooth (Figs. 5C–D); lateral pronotal stria usually between 1/2 and 2/3 complete......... Margarinotus umbilicatus (Casey) 6′. Apex of median lobe with 3 teeth, the median tooth most prominent (Fig. 5E); lateral pronotal stria usually Margarinotus umbrosus (Casey) 7. Entire dorsal surface finely but distinctly punctate; lateral pronotal striae close together........... Margarinotus harrisii (Kirby) 7′. Dorsal surface with only minute and extremely sparse ground punctation, punctures not visible at low magnification; lateral pronotal striae variable.......................................................... 8 8. Size large (> 7 mm); sutural and fifth dorsal elytral striae strongly abbreviated, frequently absent; outer lateral pronotal stria very close to marginal stria, sometimes joined with it anteriorly..... Margarinotus sexstriatus (LeConte) 8′. Size smaller (usually Margarinotus fractifrons (Casey) 9′. Frontal stria usually compete; prosternal striae present or absent; inner subhumeral stria not indicated......................................................10 10. Side of pronotum relatively flat, inner lateral stria strongly impressed and sinuate in basal half, closely approaching outer stria at base; pygidial punctures relatively large and umbilicate; apparently only synanthropic (in CA).. Margarinotus merdarius (Hoffmann) 10′. Side of pronotum continuously convex with middle, the inner stria not as strongly impressed, though variably sinuate, approaching the outer stria at the base or not; pygidial punctures smaller................................................11 11. Fourth elytral stria abbreviated at base, usually present only in apical two-thirds; elytron transversely impressed across apex between striae 2 and 4; pronotum with more conspicuous discal punctures along inner lateral stria...... Margarinotus pluto (Casey) 11′. Fourth elytral stria complete or only barely abbreviated at base; elytron not transversely impressed apically; pronotal punctation not becoming more conspicuous near inner lateral stria................. Margarinotus rectus (Casey), Published as part of Caterino, Michael S., 2010, A Review of California Margarinotus Marseul (Coleoptera: Histeridae: Histerinae: Histerini), with Descriptions of Two New Species, pp. 1-12 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 64 (1) on pages 2-3, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-64.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4892928

Renclasea mexicana Tishechkin & Caterino, n. sp. (Fig. 10) Material examined: Holotype male: " MEXICO: Hidalgo 14.5 NW Cardonal 13 July 1990, 1850 m Danoff- Burg, ex: from Neivamyrmex bivouac / HOLOTYPE Renclasea mexicana sp. n. A. K. Tishechkin & M. S. Caterino des. 2008 " (SEMC). Diagnosis: Apart from its disjunct distribution, this species can be identified by the presence of distinct alutaceous microsculpture over almost entire dorsal and parts of ventral surfaces and presence of pair of small, shiny calluses near posterior margin of pronotum. Two other species with dorsal alutaceous microsculpture present lack the latter and have dorsal microsculpture much less widespread and present only on intervals and along apical margins on elytra. Description: L: 2.07; W: 1.64; E/Pn L: 1.95; E/Pn W: 1.17; Pn W/L: 1.82; E L/W: 0.91; Pr/Py: 0.99; Sterna: 0.45, 0.15, 0.46; Tibiae: 0.54, 0.62, 0.72 (n= 1). Body light reddish-brown, mostly covered with alutaceous microsculpture, smooth and asetose throughout except for a few setae on antennomeres 1���7. Vertex and most of frons covered with microsculpture; frons almost flat, clypeus depressed at middle between lateral carinae; labrum narrowly rectangular, weakly produced at the middle of apical margin. Prosternum covered with microsculpture, except for shiny smooth explanate lateral margins, a pair of slightly elevated elongate oval calluses at latero-medial parts of disc in its basal third and small opposing areas along basal margins. Prosternal sides convergent, much more strongly in anterior fourth, above antennal cavities, weakly outwardly sinuate, with the anterior angles narrowly rounded, almost rectangular; marginal stria present along lateral edge, interrupted at anterior angles; pronotal lateral sides narrowly flattened and slightly bent upwards; median angle of pronotal posterior margin about 100 ��. Prosternum with anterior margin of prosternal lobe weakly concave; prosternal keel slightly elevated and flattened, covered with fine microsculpture, without carinal striae, with short basal divergent fragments of lateral prosternal striae between procoxae. Scutellum short triangular, tiny, but distinct; elytra convex, widest at middle, completely covered by alutaceous microsculpture, slightly rugulose in inner posterior third; dorsal elytral striae 1���3 weakly marked on disc, abbreviated both anteriorly and posteriorly; sutural stria abbreviated in anterior fourth. Mesoventrite flat in males, mesoventral projection short, broadly triangular, its apex slightly elevated; mesometaventral suture 'curly bracket' (���{���)-shaped, thin and inconspicuous; disc of metaventrite in male in anterior half with shallow oval depression, not reaching anterior parts of outer metaventral striae laterally; weak wide elevation present near posterior margin of metaventrite. Lateral parts of meso- and metaventrite and abdominal ventrite 1 with fine alutaceous microsculpture. Propygidium weakly convex, microsculpture on its disc as on apices of elytra; marginal stria of propygidium complete; pygidium smooth, microsculptured in anterior part, weakly convex in males. Male genitalia as illustrated (Fig. 10), females are unknown. Etymology. The species epithet reflects its apparent endemicity to Mexico. Distribution. This species is only known from the type locality (Fig. 14)., Published as part of Tishechkin, Alexey K. & Caterino, Michael S., 2009, A new North American genus of Hetaeriinae (Coleoptera: Histeridae), with descriptions of six new species from the U. S. A. and Mexico, pp. 1-18 in Zootaxa 2311 on pages 12-13, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.191863

Renclasea falli Tishechkin & Caterino, n. sp. (Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8) Material examined: Holotype male: "CA: Riverside Co. 33.7244 ��N, 116.8061 ��W, SBNF: San Jacinto R. v. 24.2005, M. Caterino at light / CA BEETLE PROJ, CBP0029649 / HOLOTYPE Renclasea falli sp. n. A. K. Tishechkin & M. S. Caterino des. 2008 " (SBMNH). Paratype (1): female from Bautista Canyon, 12 mi SE Hemet, California collected on February 26, 1971 (CDFA); genitalia missing. Diagnosis: This species can be identified by the presence of distinct complete prosternal carinal striae (Fig. 6 A). In addition to that, it appears smaller and less robust than R. occidentalis and R. helavai, the only other species without alutaceous background microsculpture on dorsal surface. The female is one of only two species (as far as known) that have a mesosternal callus (Fig. 6 B), the other being R. helavai. In R. falli this callus is smooth, and only very finely punctate, whereas in R. helavai it is finely rugose. Description: L: 1.80; W: 1.41; E/Pn L: 1.75; E/Pn W: 1.15; Pn W/L: 1.64; E L/W: 0.93; Pr/Py: 1.04; Sterna: 0.41, 0.14, 0.42; Tibiae: 0.46, 0.54, 0.63 (n= 2). Body (Fig. 5) pale rufescent, shiny, smooth and asetose throughout except of a few setae on antennomeres 1���7. Frons and clypeus depressed at middle between lateral carina; labrum narrowly rectangular, with a small weak knob at the middle of apical margin. Prosternal sides convergent, much more strongly in anterior fifth; anterior margin straight above antennal cavities, with the anterior angles sharp, almost rectangular; marginal stria present along lateral edge, slightly extending around anterolateral corner; pronotal lateral sides narrowly flattened and slightly reflexed; median angle of pronotal posterior margin about 110 ��. Prosternum with anterior margin of prosternal lobe weakly concave; prosternal keel slightly elevated and weakly convex, carinal striae thin and long, converging anteriorly, their anterior ends in close proximity, but not united, almost reaching base of prosternal lobe. Scutellum short triangular, tiny, but distinct; elytra convex, widest at anterior third, with minute sparse background punctures, being denser and more conspicuous along sutural striae and at posterior fifth, where some merge into a weak background microsculpture; dorsal elytral striae 1���4 weakly marked on disc, abbreviated both anteriorly and posteriorly; sutural stria abbreviated in anterior eighth, its anterior end slightly bent outwards. Mesoventrite flat, with mesoventral projection short, triangular, its apex slightly elevated, in female with subcircular impressed callus (Fig. 6 A), its borders not closed posteriorly; mesometaventral suture widely Vshaped, thin and inconspicuous; disc of metaventrite in male in anterior two-thirds with shallow wide triangular depression, bordered laterally by anterior parts of outer striae of metaventrite, narrowing posteriorly; disc surface weakly raised posteriorly. Propygidium weakly convex, disc with fine microsculpture of merged short transverse striolets; marginal stria of propygidium widely interrupted along posterior margin; pygidium smooth, weakly convex in male. Female with striate pygidial ornament (Fig. 7 B). Male genitalia as illustrated (Fig. 8); female genitalia unknown. Etymology. We take pleasure in naming this new species for Henry Clinton Fall (1862-1939), one of the fathers of California coleopterology. Distribution. This species is known from two localities in western Riverside County, California (Fig. 14). The habitat at the type locality is dry, open, sandy riparian woodland, with western sycamores (Platanus occidentalis) and coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) as the dominant trees, along with a large assortment of shrubs, including willows (Salix spp.), coyote brush (Baccharis sp.), Yucca sp. and others., Published as part of Tishechkin, Alexey K. & Caterino, Michael S., 2009, A new North American genus of Hetaeriinae (Coleoptera: Histeridae), with descriptions of six new species from the U. S. A. and Mexico, pp. 1-18 in Zootaxa 2311 on pages 6-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.191863

Renclasea Tishechkin & Caterino, n. gen. Type species: Renclasea skelleyi n. sp. Description. Body elongate oval, convex dorsally (L: 1.6���2.3 mm). Body surface smooth and mostly shiny (Figs. 2 A, 5 A), sometimes with areas of alutaceous microsculpture dorsally (Fig. 1 B), mostly asetose, some species with sparse inconspicuous setae, especially on legs, antennal scape, labrum and clypeus. Head with latero-marginal frontal carina descending along inner edge of eyes (Fig. 2 A), then running obliquely forward to posterior margin of clypeus, interrupted along clypeolabral border. Frons concave between carinae, frontal stria runs on top of the carina and is interrupted in medial concavity; occipital stria thin, complete, continuous with branches of supraorbital stria. Labrum in the same plane as clypeus, small, rectangular, sometimes with small blunt knob in the middle of apical margin. Mandibles robust, short, with faces of bases unmodified. Antennal scape strongly expanded (Fig. 2 D), irregularly pyramidal, with all edges sharp. Antennal clubs with dense pubescence except for large sclerotized areas on dorsal, inner lateral and ventral surfaces. Pronotum convex, lateral sides weakly convergent anteriorly, moderately but conspicuously explanate. Pronotal basal margin obtusely angulate. Pronotal marginal stria complete (Fig. 1 A, 2 A), anterior stria broadly interrupted medially, present only around anterior angles. Anterior margin of pronotum with a pair of small glandular openings behind and slightly mediad eyes; lateral margin also with two elongated gland openings (Figs. 1 A). Scutellum triangular, minute and inconspicuous. Elytron with reduced set of thin, impunctate dorsal striae. Both subhumeral striae complete, carinate; sutural stria abbreviated anteriorly or completely absent, traces of dorsal striae 1���4 variably present, apical stria thin, complete, united with sutural (if present) and inner subhumeral striae. Elytro-epipleural border sharp (Fig. 2 C), angulate along outer subhumeral stria. Propygidium transversely hexagonal, with marginal stria complete, sometimes weakened along apical margin. Pygidium in females with ornament of thin striae represented by apical and/or basal transverse, and medial circular striations (Fig. 7). Prosternal lobe wide and short (Figs. 1 D, 2 B), with straight or slightly concave anterior margin. Anterior marginal stria of prosternal lobe complete, diverging from margin laterally; lateral foveae absent, lateral notches present. Prosternal keel relatively narrow, flat or weakly convex, with or without carinal striae, those if present narrowly separated, parallel (Fig. 6 A). Lateral marginal prosternal striae distinct and long. Mesoventrite narrow, its anterior margin produced medially as a weak triangular process (Figs. 1 D, 2 B, 6). Marginal lateral stria of mesoventrite present, discal marginal stria absent. Metaventral disc in males with weak median depression. Outer lateral stria of metaventrite present, complete. Inner lateral stria of metaventrite present only as long, double striated recurrent arm. First abdominal ventrite with lateral and postmetacoxal striae united near posterior edge of metacoxa, running thence as long, curved striae towards elytral margin. Legs relatively short; tibia wide, paddle-like. Protibia (Fig. 1 E) strongly expanded, with 14���17 short spines along outer margin and with 8���10 bristles along apical part of inner margin. Meso- and metatibia (Figs. 1 F���G) without teeth and spines on outer margins, on ventral side with complete marginal stria and two longitudinal striae closer to inner margin. Aedeagus with parameres long, with long basal fusion ventrally and dorsally. Penis aligned along the longitudinal paramere axis. Basal piece long, with shallow and wide dorsal and ventral apical emarginations, its posterior opening circular, in caudal position. Male sternite 8 with fused full-sized halves (although suture between halves distinct), pair of small velae and fringes of long setae along postero-lateral parts of apical margin. Dorsal apical parts of male sternite 8 with inward long narrow rectangular processes. Male tergite 8 with transverse anterior stria (TAS) and complete intra-TAS plate present and no transverse posterior suture. Intra-TAS plate not separated from the tergite body along TAS. Male sternite 9 with slightly expanded stickshaped ���handle���. Male tergite 9 with medium ventral apodemes, long basal projections, short pointed apical projections and medium sclerotized ventral processs. Halves of male tergite 9 separate; tergite 10 present, large, fitting into apical emargination of tergite 9, with apical margin widely and deeply acutely emarginated. Female sternite 8 with deeply emarginate apical margin, distinct basal bridge with angulate lateral parts and obtusely angulate basal angles. Female tergite 8 present as single plate or three narrowly separated plates. Coxites not connected. Female tergite 9 present as single transverse plate, its lateral margins close, but not connected to coxites. Female genital sclerites separate, elongate, strip-shaped. Etymology. The generic epithet represents the combination of hetaeriine generic names Euclasea and Reninus Lewis 1889, relatively closely related genera, some representatives of which resemble Renclasea species. The gender is feminine. Diagnosis. Despite the generalized appearance of Renclasea and history of taxonomic confusions surrounding the genus, it is relatively easily recognizable among Hetaeriinae, especially given its North American distribution. It runs to Euclasea in the key to North American Hetaeriinae (Kovarik & Caterino 2001) as well as in the most comprehensive key available for the entire subfamily (Helava et al. 1985). The latter key is not complete, but even given this fact and taking into consideration available undescribed hetaeriine material (Caterino & Tishechkin, unpublished), it would work well to identify Renclasea species in global hetaeriine context (keying them to Euclasea). The combination of convex elongate body shape, smooth shiny surfaces almost completely devoid of setae, explanate pronotal sides, strongly expanded pro-, but not meso- and metatibia and reduction of striae and punctures on elytra and metaventrite readily diagnose the genus. Some representatives of Euclasea (sensu Tishechkin 2007) may be quite similar externally, but none of them have explanate sides of pronotum and strongly expanded protibia. Some species of Reninus (those included earlier in the presently synonimized subgenus Brachylister Bickhardt, 1917) have similar general appearance and similar structure of male genitalia, but all of them have extremely expanded meso- and metatibia and complete set of discal and lateral striae on metaventrite., Published as part of Tishechkin, Alexey K. & Caterino, Michael S., 2009, A new North American genus of Hetaeriinae (Coleoptera: Histeridae), with descriptions of six new species from the U. S. A. and Mexico, pp. 1-18 in Zootaxa 2311 on pages 2-3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.191863, {"references":["Kovarik, P. W. & Caterino, M. S. (2001) Histeridae Gyllenhall, 1808. Pp. 212 - 227 in: Arnett, R. H. & M. C. Thomas (eds.). American beetles. Vol. 1. Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia. CRC Press, Boca Raton - London - New York - Washington, DC.","Helava, J. V. T., Howden, H. F. & Ritchie, A. J. (1985) A review of the New World genera of the myrmecophilous and termitophilous subfamily Hetaeriinae (Coleoptera: Histeridae). Sociobiology, 10, 127 - 386.","Tishechkin, A. K. (2007) Phylogenetic revision of the genus Mesynodites Reichardt, 1924 (Coleoptera: Histeridae: Hetaeriinae) with description of new tribes, genera and species. Sociobiology, 47, 1 - 167."]}

Renclasea skelleyi Tishechkin & Caterino, n. sp. (Figs. 1, 3, 4) Material examined: Holotype male: "FLORIDA: Levy Co. 4.0 mi. SW Archer 16 -V- 1991; P. E. Skelley blacklight on ground / HOLOTYPE Renclasea skelley sp. n. A. K. Tishechkin & M. S. Caterino des. 2008 " (FSCA). Paratypes (6): female from Florida, Putnam Co., 2.5 mi NE Florahome, collected by P. Skelley on January 8, 1993 (FSCA); male from Florida, Marion Co., Lake Delancy collected at UV lights by J. Cicero on August 31, 1996 (FSCA); male from Florida, Marion Co., Ocala Nat. Forest, 2.5 mi N of 40, FS 97 collected at UV/MV lights by R. Morris and S. Lingafelter on July 26 ���27, 2002 (AKT); male and female from Georgia, Tattnall Co., 2���3 mi E of 147 along Ohoopee River near Reidsville, 32 �� 0.54 'N 82 �� 8.48 'W, collected at UV lights by R. Morris and E. H. Donaldson on May 7, 1998 (PWK); male from the same locality collected at UV lights by R. Morris on August 1, 1998 (AKT). Diagnosis: By the presence of alutaceous microsculpture in elytral intervals 1���4 and along the posterior margin of elytra this species resembles only R. helavai. Apart from its disjunct distribution, R. skelleyi can be distinguished from the latter by only weakly marked traces of dorsal striae 1���3, different pattern of female pygidial ornament (Fig. 7 A) and lack of median callus on mesoventrite in females. Description: L: 1.89; W: 1.49; E/Pn L: 1.81; E/Pn W: 1.19; Pn W/L: 1.66; E L/W: 0.92; Pr/Py: 1.15; Sterna: 0.47, 0.16, 0.44; Tibiae: 0.51, 0.60, 0.69 (n= 7). Body reddish-brown, shiny, except areas of alutaceous microsculpture on elytra (Fig. 1 B) and pygidium, smooth and asetose. Frons almost flat, clypeus depressed at middle between lateral carinae; labrum narrowly rectangular, weakly produced at the middle of apical margin. Prosternal sides convergent (Fig. 1 A), much more strongly in anterior fourth, above antennal cavities, weakly inwardly sinuate, with the anterior angles narrowly rounded, almost rectangular; marginal stria present along lateral edge, almost entire, variably narrowly interrupted between anterior angles and outer part of anterior emargination; pronotal lateral sides narrowly flattened and slightly reflexed; median angle of pronotal posterior margin about 100 ��. Prosternum (Fig. 1 D) with anterior margin of prosternal lobe weakly concave; prosternal keel slightly elevated and flattened, covered with fine microsculpture, without carinal striae. Scutellum elongate triangular, small; elytra (Fig. 1 B) convex, widest at middle, with minute sparse background punctures, these more conspicuous along sutural stria; dorsal elytral striae 2���3 weakly marked on disc, abbreviated both anteriorly and posteriorly, weaker traces of oblique humeral stria and dorsal stria 1 also present; sutural stria abbreviated in anterior fourth; elytral intervals with elongate band of fine alutaceous microsculpture, somewhat expanded and merging in posterior third. Mesoventrite (Fig. 1 C) flat in males, with somewhat depressed areas laterad of the mesoventral projection base in females; mesoventral projection short, triangular, its apex slightly elevated; mesometaventral suture 'curly bracket'-shaped, thin and inconspicuous; disc of metaventrite in males in anterior half with shallow wide triangular depression bordered laterally by anterior parts of outer striae of metaventrite; weak wide elevation present near posterior margin of metaventrite; disc of metaventrite in females weakly, evenly convex. Lateral parts of meso- and metaventrite with fine alutaceous microsculpture. Propygidium weakly convex, disc with fine dense shallow punctures merging locally into shallow transverse wrinkles; marginal stria of propygidium complete; pygidium smooth, with few small shallow punctures along anterior margin, weakly convex, with striate ornament in females (Fig. 7 A). Male and female genitalia as illustrated (Figs. 3, 4). Etymology. This species is dedicated to one of its collectors, Paul Skelley of FSCA, in appreciation of our long collaboration and his efforts in collecting rare and poorly known beetles in southeastern United States. Distribution. Known from several localities in northern Florida and southern Georgia (Fig. 14)., Published as part of Tishechkin, Alexey K. & Caterino, Michael S., 2009, A new North American genus of Hetaeriinae (Coleoptera: Histeridae), with descriptions of six new species from the U. S. A. and Mexico, pp. 1-18 in Zootaxa 2311 on pages 4-5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.191863

Renclasea cazieri Tishechkin & Caterino, n. sp. (Figs. 2, 13) Material examined: Holotype male: "Portal, Ariz. Cochise Co. 4700 ft. at light VI- 28-64 / Collectors Jean H. Puckle M. A. Mortenson M. A. Cazier / PROPERTY OF ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY / HOLOTYPE Renclasea cazieri sp. n. A. K. Tishechkin & M. S. Caterino des. 2008 " (ASU). Diagnosis: This is one of three species without alutaceous background microsculpture on dorsal surface (Fig. 2 A). It can be easily distinguished from other species in this group by the total lack of traces of dorsal and sutural striae on elytra as well as the presence of sharp medial longitudial keel on meso- and anterior part of metaventrite (Fig. 2 B). Description: L: 2.34; W: 1.91; E/Pn L: 1.86; E/Pn W: 1.19; Pn W/L: 1.76; E L/W: 0.88; Pr/Py: 1.08; Sterna: 0.53, 0.22, 0.45; Tibiae: 0.52, 0.63, 0.78 (n= 1). Body rufescent, shiny, smooth, short inconspicuous setae present on antennae, frons, legs, prosternal lobe, lateral parts of sterna and elytra. Frons and clypeus (Fig. 2 E) weakly depressed at middle between lateral carinae; labrum narrowly rectangular, its apical margin weakly inwardly arcuate, unmodified. Prosternal sides convergent, much more strongly in anterior fourth, above antennal cavities, straight, with the anterior angles blunt, almost rectangular; marginal stria present along lateral edge, extending around anterolateral corner, interrupted at middle of anterior emargination of pronotum; pronotal lateral sides narrowly flattened and weakly reflexed; median angle of pronotal posterior margin about 110 ��. Prosternum with anterior margin of prosternal lobe almost straight; prosternal keel moderately elevated and narrow, its base in male not excavated; carinal striae absent, though with weak basal fragments marked between procoxae. Scutellum elongate triangular, small; elytra convex, widest around midpoint, smooth and shiny; any traces of dorsal elytral and sutural striae absent. Mesoventrite in males with sharply delimited median longitudinal keel (Fig. 2 B) extending onto anterior part of metaventrite; mesoventral projection short, broadly triangular, its apex slightly elevated, continuous with anterior part of longitudinal keel; mesometaventral suture obsolete; disc of metaventrite in males flat, in addition to posterior part of longitudinal keel of mesoventrite bears short, sharp tooth on midline around posterior third. Propygidium weakly convex, smooth; marginal stria of propygidium abbreviated along posterior margin; pygidium in males smooth, convex. Male genitalia as illustrated (Fig. 13); females are unknown. Etymology. We name this species in honor of Mont A. Cazier (1911���1995), collector of the type and founding director of the Southwest Research Station, who facilitated and inspired generations of entomological exploration in the American desert southwest. Distribution. This species is only known from the type locality, on the edge of the Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern Arizona (Fig. 14)., Published as part of Tishechkin, Alexey K. & Caterino, Michael S., 2009, A new North American genus of Hetaeriinae (Coleoptera: Histeridae), with descriptions of six new species from the U. S. A. and Mexico, pp. 1-18 in Zootaxa 2311 on pages 15-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.191863

Renclasea helavai Tishechkin & Caterino, n. sp. (Figs. 6, 7, 9) Material examined: Holotype female: "Tucson, Ariz. Aug. 5 1935 Bryant 20 At light / SEM / Collection of the CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, San Francisco, Calif. / Euclasea n. sp. 2 Helava ' 82 / HOLOTYPE Renclasea helavai sp. n. A. K. Tishechkin & M. S. Caterino des. 2008 " (CAS). Diagnosis: Among three species with the presence of dorsal alutaceous microsculpture (R. helavai, R. mexicana, R. skelleyi), this species can be identified by its distinct dorsal elytral elytra striae 1���4. The prominent circular medial callus of mesoventrite (in females; Fig. 6 B) is shared only with R. falli, in which it is smooth rather than faintly rugose. Description: L: 1.68; W: 1.33; E/Pn L: 1.95; E/Pn W: 1.20; Pn W/L: 1.73; E L/W: 0.94; Pr/Py: 1.00; Sterna: 0.39, 0.18, 0.42; Tibiae: 0.45, 0.55, 0.62 (n= 1). Body reddish-brown, shiny, except areas of alutaceous microsculpture on frons, pronotum, elytra and pygidia; smooth and asetose. Frons almost flat, microsculptured, clypeus smooth, depressed at middle between lateral carinae; labrum narrowly rectangular, its apical margin weakly inwardly arcuate. Prosternal sides convergent, much more strongly in anterior third, above antennal cavities, weakly inwardly sinuate, with the anterior angles narrowly rounded, almost rectangular; marginal stria present along lateral, but not anterior edge. Pronotal surface mostly covered with alutacecous microsculpture, except bands along narrowly flattened and reflexed lateral sides; median angle of pronotal posterior margin about 100 ��. Prosternum with anterior margin of prosternal lobe weakly convex; prosternal keel slightly elevated and flattened, without carinal striae, its base excavated to fit process of mesoventrite. Scutellum elongate triangular, tiny; elytra convex, widest at middle, smooth and shiny; dorsal elytral striae 1���4, distinct, not punctured, long, progressively shorter from stria 1 to 4, stria 1 almost reaching elytral apex and stria 4 abbreviated in posterior third; sutural stria complete; elytral intervals with elongate bands of fine alutaceous microsculpture, somewhat expanded and merging in posterior fifth. Mesoventrite in females with median part of disc flat and lateral sides depressed, flat median part most mostly occupied by circular low microsculptured callus (Fig. 6 B); mesoventral projection long, triangular; mesometaventral suture obsolete; disc of metaventrite in females weakly, evenly convex. Lateral parts of meso- and metaventrite with fine alutaceous microsculpture. Propygidium weakly convex, disc with fine, dense, shallow punctures merging locally into shallow transverse wrinkles; marginal stria of propygidium complete; pygidium in females weakly convex, with rugose sculpture and striate ornament. Female genitalia as illustrated (Fig. 9), males are not known. Etymology. This species is dedicated to Jussi Helava, who first recognized it as an undescribed, honoring his contributions to the taxonomy and systematics of Hetaeriinae. Distribution. This species is only known from the type locality (Fig. 14)., Published as part of Tishechkin, Alexey K. & Caterino, Michael S., 2009, A new North American genus of Hetaeriinae (Coleoptera: Histeridae), with descriptions of six new species from the U. S. A. and Mexico, pp. 1-18 in Zootaxa 2311 on pages 9-10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.191863

Key to the species of Renclasea 1. Prosternal keel with carinal striae present (Fig. 6 A) ................................................................................ R. falli n. sp. 1 '. Prosternal keel without carinal striae............................................................................................................................ 2 2. Substantial areas of dorsal body surface with alutaceous microsculpture, at least on elytral intervals and apical areas..................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 2 '. Dorsal body surface without alutaceous microsculpture.............................................................................................. 5 3. Dorsal striae inconspicuous, barely traceable; surface of pygidium smooth, shiny or finely microsculptured........... 4 3 '. Dorsal striae 1���4 distinct, almost complete, thin, impunctate and slightly costate, especially anteriorly; surface of pygidium rugose; disc of mesoventrite (in females) medially with circular flat microsculptured callus (Fig. 6 B)....... .............................................................................................................................................................. R. helavai n. sp. 4. Surface of frons, vertex, pronotum, most of elytra and propygidium with alutaceous microsculpture; northern Mexico (Hidalgo).................................................................................................................................... R. mexicana n. sp. 4 '. Dorsal alutaceous microsculpture present as longitudinal bands at interstrial intervals on elytra, these being somewhat expanded and merged at posterior fourth (Fig. 1 B); southeastern United States (Florida and Georgia)............... .............................................................................................................................................................. R. skelleyi n. sp. 5. Elytra with distinct traces of dorsal striae 1���3 and almost complete sutural striae; mesoventrite and anterior portion of metaventrite without medial longitudinal keel........................................................................ R. occidentalis n. sp. 5 ' Elytra without any traces of dorsal and sutural striae; mesoventrite and anterior portion of metaventrite (in males) with sharp medial longitudinal keel (Fig. 2 B)...................................................................................... R. cazieri n. sp., Published as part of Tishechkin, Alexey K. & Caterino, Michael S., 2009, A new North American genus of Hetaeriinae (Coleoptera: Histeridae), with descriptions of six new species from the U. S. A. and Mexico, pp. 1-18 in Zootaxa 2311 on pages 3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.191863

Renclasea falli Tishechkin & Caterino, n. sp. (Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8) Material examined: Holotype male: "CA: Riverside Co. 33.7244 °N, 116.8061 °W, SBNF: San Jacinto R. v. 24.2005, M. Caterino at light / CA BEETLE PROJ, CBP0029649 / HOLOTYPE Renclasea falli sp. n. A. K. Tishechkin & M. S. Caterino des. 2008 " (SBMNH). Paratype (1): female from Bautista Canyon, 12 mi SE Hemet, California collected on February 26, 1971 (CDFA); genitalia missing. Diagnosis: This species can be identified by the presence of distinct complete prosternal carinal striae (Fig. 6 A). In addition to that, it appears smaller and less robust than R. occidentalis and R. helavai, the only other species without alutaceous background microsculpture on dorsal surface. The female is one of only two species (as far as known) that have a mesosternal callus (Fig. 6 B), the other being R. helavai. In R. falli this callus is smooth, and only very finely punctate, whereas in R. helavai it is finely rugose. Description: L: 1.80; W: 1.41; E/Pn L: 1.75; E/Pn W: 1.15; Pn W/L: 1.64; E L/W: 0.93; Pr/Py: 1.04; Sterna: 0.41, 0.14, 0.42; Tibiae: 0.46, 0.54, 0.63 (n= 2). Body (Fig. 5) pale rufescent, shiny, smooth and asetose throughout except of a few setae on antennomeres 1–7. Frons and clypeus depressed at middle between lateral carina; labrum narrowly rectangular, with a small weak knob at the middle of apical margin. Prosternal sides convergent, much more strongly in anterior fifth; anterior margin straight above antennal cavities, with the anterior angles sharp, almost rectangular; marginal stria present along lateral edge, slightly extending around anterolateral corner; pronotal lateral sides narrowly flattened and slightly reflexed; median angle of pronotal posterior margin about 110 º. Prosternum with anterior margin of prosternal lobe weakly concave; prosternal keel slightly elevated and weakly convex, carinal striae thin and long, converging anteriorly, their anterior ends in close proximity, but not united, almost reaching base of prosternal lobe. Scutellum short triangular, tiny, but distinct; elytra convex, widest at anterior third, with minute sparse background punctures, being denser and more conspicuous along sutural striae and at posterior fifth, where some merge into a weak background microsculpture; dorsal elytral striae 1–4 weakly marked on disc, abbreviated both anteriorly and posteriorly; sutural stria abbreviated in anterior eighth, its anterior end slightly bent outwards. Mesoventrite flat, with mesoventral projection short, triangular, its apex slightly elevated, in female with subcircular impressed callus (Fig. 6 A), its borders not closed posteriorly; mesometaventral suture widely Vshaped, thin and inconspicuous; disc of metaventrite in male in anterior two-thirds with shallow wide triangular depression, bordered laterally by anterior parts of outer striae of metaventrite, narrowing posteriorly; disc surface weakly raised posteriorly. Propygidium weakly convex, disc with fine microsculpture of merged short transverse striolets; marginal stria of propygidium widely interrupted along posterior margin; pygidium smooth, weakly convex in male. Female with striate pygidial ornament (Fig. 7 B). Male genitalia as illustrated (Fig. 8); female genitalia unknown. Etymology. We take pleasure in naming this new species for Henry Clinton Fall (1862-1939), one of the fathers of California coleopterology. Distribution. This species is known from two localities in western Riverside County, California (Fig. 14). The habitat at the type locality is dry, open, sandy riparian woodland, with western sycamores (Platanus occidentalis) and coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) as the dominant trees, along with a large assortment of shrubs, including willows (Salix spp.), coyote brush (Baccharis sp.), Yucca sp. and others.

Renclasea occidentalis Tishechkin & Caterino, n. sp. (Figs. 7, 11, 12) Material examined: Holotype male: " NEW MEXICO: Catron Co.; Puebla Cmpgd S. of Reserve 9 -VI- 1987 Robert Gordon / HOLOTYPE Renclasea occidentalis sp. n. A. K. Tishechkin & M. S. Caterino des. 2008 " (USNM). Paratype (1): female from Arizona, Cochise Co., 5 mi N Benson collected by A. R. Hardy, F. G. Andrews and J. W. Smith on July 26, 1969 (CDFA). Diagnosis: This is one of two species without alutaceous background microsculpture on dorsal surface and presence of distinct traces of dorsal striae. It can be distinguished from smaller and less robust Renclasea falli by the absence of prosternal carinal striae. Description: L: 2.09; W: 1.60; E/Pn L: 1.76; E/Pn W: 1.16; Pn W/L: 1.60; E L/W: 0.94; Pr/Py: 1.07; Sterna: 0.46, 0.17, 0.47; Tibiae: 0.53, 0.62, 0.71 (n= 2). Body rufescent, shiny, smooth and asetose throughout except for a few setae on antennomeres 1���7. Frons and clypeus depressed at middle between lateral carinae; labrum narrowly rectangular, its apical margin straight, unmodified. Prosternal sides convergent, much more strongly in anterior fourth, above antennal cavities, weakly outwardly sinuate, with the anterior angles blunt, almost rectangular; marginal stria present along lateral edge, extending around anterolateral corner, interrupted at middle of anterior emargination of pronotum; pronotal lateral sides narrowly flattened and slightly reflexed; median angle of pronotal posterior margin about 110 ��. Prosternum with anterior margin of prosternal lobe almost straight; prosternal keel moderately elevated and flat, its base in male slightly excavated, carinal striae absent, weak basal fragments of lateral prosternal striae marked between procoxae in female specimen. Scutellum elongate triangular, small; elytra convex, widest at anterior third, with minute sparse background punctures, being denser and more conspicuous along sutural striae and at posterior fourth, where some merge into a weak background microsculpture; dorsal elytral striae 1���3 weakly marked on disc, abbreviated posteriorly; sutural stria abbreviated in anterior fifth. Mesoventrite flat in males, with low elevated area in median fourth incorporating metaventral projection in females, mesoventral projection short, wide triangular, its apex slightly elevated; mesometaventral suture 'curly bracket'-shaped, thin and inconspicuous; disc of metaventrite in male in anterior half with shallow oval depression, not reaching anterior parts of outer metaventral striae laterally; metaventral disc in females weakly, evenly convex. Propygidium weakly convex, disc with fine microsculpture of merged shallow dense punctures and short transverse striolets, alutaceous; marginal stria of propygidium complete; pygidium smooth, weakly convex, with striate ornament in females (Fig. 7 D). Male and female genitalia as illustrated (Figs. 11, 12, respectively). Etymology. The species epithet reflects its distribution in the American West. Distribution. Known from two localities in Arizona and New Mexico (Fig. 14). Remarks. Two female specimens from western Texas, both attracted to UV lights, from Fort Davis collected on May 30, 1959 by H. Howden and E. Becker (CMN) and from Randall Co., Palo Duro State Park at 34 �� 56.5 'N 101 �� 39.6 'W collected on May 15, 2002 by E. G. Riley (TAMU), are very similar to this species. Pygidial ornamentation and female genitalia of these Texas specimens are, however, sufficiently different from those of R. occidentalis n. sp., the most superficially similar (and potentially sympatric) species that we suspect them to represent an additional undescribed species. However, in this case we prefer to wait for the discovery of corresponding males from Texas before making a definite conclusion on their status., Published as part of Tishechkin, Alexey K. & Caterino, Michael S., 2009, A new North American genus of Hetaeriinae (Coleoptera: Histeridae), with descriptions of six new species from the U. S. A. and Mexico, pp. 1-18 in Zootaxa 2311 on pages 13-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.191863

Renclasea Tishechkin & Caterino, n. gen. Type species: Renclasea skelleyi n. sp. Description. Body elongate oval, convex dorsally (L: 1.6–2.3 mm). Body surface smooth and mostly shiny (Figs. 2 A, 5 A), sometimes with areas of alutaceous microsculpture dorsally (Fig. 1 B), mostly asetose, some species with sparse inconspicuous setae, especially on legs, antennal scape, labrum and clypeus. Head with latero-marginal frontal carina descending along inner edge of eyes (Fig. 2 A), then running obliquely forward to posterior margin of clypeus, interrupted along clypeolabral border. Frons concave between carinae, frontal stria runs on top of the carina and is interrupted in medial concavity; occipital stria thin, complete, continuous with branches of supraorbital stria. Labrum in the same plane as clypeus, small, rectangular, sometimes with small blunt knob in the middle of apical margin. Mandibles robust, short, with faces of bases unmodified. Antennal scape strongly expanded (Fig. 2 D), irregularly pyramidal, with all edges sharp. Antennal clubs with dense pubescence except for large sclerotized areas on dorsal, inner lateral and ventral surfaces. Pronotum convex, lateral sides weakly convergent anteriorly, moderately but conspicuously explanate. Pronotal basal margin obtusely angulate. Pronotal marginal stria complete (Fig. 1 A, 2 A), anterior stria broadly interrupted medially, present only around anterior angles. Anterior margin of pronotum with a pair of small glandular openings behind and slightly mediad eyes; lateral margin also with two elongated gland openings (Figs. 1 A). Scutellum triangular, minute and inconspicuous. Elytron with reduced set of thin, impunctate dorsal striae. Both subhumeral striae complete, carinate; sutural stria abbreviated anteriorly or completely absent, traces of dorsal striae 1–4 variably present, apical stria thin, complete, united with sutural (if present) and inner subhumeral striae. Elytro-epipleural border sharp (Fig. 2 C), angulate along outer subhumeral stria. Propygidium transversely hexagonal, with marginal stria complete, sometimes weakened along apical margin. Pygidium in females with ornament of thin striae represented by apical and/or basal transverse, and medial circular striations (Fig. 7). Prosternal lobe wide and short (Figs. 1 D, 2 B), with straight or slightly concave anterior margin. Anterior marginal stria of prosternal lobe complete, diverging from margin laterally; lateral foveae absent, lateral notches present. Prosternal keel relatively narrow, flat or weakly convex, with or without carinal striae, those if present narrowly separated, parallel (Fig. 6 A). Lateral marginal prosternal striae distinct and long. Mesoventrite narrow, its anterior margin produced medially as a weak triangular process (Figs. 1 D, 2 B, 6). Marginal lateral stria of mesoventrite present, discal marginal stria absent. Metaventral disc in males with weak median depression. Outer lateral stria of metaventrite present, complete. Inner lateral stria of metaventrite present only as long, double striated recurrent arm. First abdominal ventrite with lateral and postmetacoxal striae united near posterior edge of metacoxa, running thence as long, curved striae towards elytral margin. Legs relatively short; tibia wide, paddle-like. Protibia (Fig. 1 E) strongly expanded, with 14–17 short spines along outer margin and with 8–10 bristles along apical part of inner margin. Meso- and metatibia (Figs. 1 F–G) without teeth and spines on outer margins, on ventral side with complete marginal stria and two longitudinal striae closer to inner margin. Aedeagus with parameres long, with long basal fusion ventrally and dorsally. Penis aligned along the longitudinal paramere axis. Basal piece long, with shallow and wide dorsal and ventral apical emarginations, its posterior opening circular, in caudal position. Male sternite 8 with fused full-sized halves (although suture between halves distinct), pair of small velae and fringes of long setae along postero-lateral parts of apical margin. Dorsal apical parts of male sternite 8 with inward long narrow rectangular processes. Male tergite 8 with transverse anterior stria (TAS) and complete intra-TAS plate present and no transverse posterior suture. Intra-TAS plate not separated from the tergite body along TAS. Male sternite 9 with slightly expanded stickshaped “handle”. Male tergite 9 with medium ventral apodemes, long basal projections, short pointed apical projections and medium sclerotized ventral processs. Halves of male tergite 9 separate; tergite 10 present, large, fitting into apical emargination of tergite 9, with apical margin widely and deeply acutely emarginated. Female sternite 8 with deeply emarginate apical margin, distinct basal bridge with angulate lateral parts and obtusely angulate basal angles. Female tergite 8 present as single plate or three narrowly separated plates. Coxites not connected. Female tergite 9 present as single transverse plate, its lateral margins close, but not connected to coxites. Female genital sclerites separate, elongate, strip-shaped. Etymology. The generic epithet represents the combination of hetaeriine generic names Euclasea and Reninus Lewis 1889, relatively closely related genera, some representatives of which resemble Renclasea species. The gender is feminine. Diagnosis. Despite the generalized appearance of Renclasea and history of taxonomic confusions surrounding the genus, it is relatively easily recognizable among Hetaeriinae, especially given its North American distribution. It runs to Euclasea in the key to North American Hetaeriinae (Kovarik & Caterino 2001) as well as in the most comprehensive key available for the entire subfamily (Helava et al. 1985). The latter key is not complete, but even given this fact and taking into consideration available undescribed hetaeriine material (Caterino & Tishechkin, unpublished), it would work well to identify Renclasea species in global hetaeriine context (keying them to Euclasea). The combination of convex elongate body shape, smooth shiny surfaces almost completely devoid of setae, explanate pronotal sides, strongly expanded pro-, but not meso- and metatibia and reduction of striae and punctures on elytra and metaventrite readily diagnose the genus. Some representatives of Euclasea (sensu Tishechkin 2007) may be quite similar externally, but none of them have explanate sides of pronotum and strongly expanded protibia. Some species of Reninus (those included earlier in the presently synonimized subgenus Brachylister Bickhardt, 1917) have similar general appearance and similar structure of male genitalia, but all of them have extremely expanded meso- and metatibia and complete set of discal and lateral striae on metaventrite.

Cephennium mariposae Hopp & Caterino, sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2E36C8F3-E54C-4CD3-AAF4-A5D366014F5E Figs 1C, 2C, 3C, 4C, 6 Type Material. Holotype (sex not determined): ���CALIF: Mariposa Co.; Mariposa [�� 37.4766��N, 119.9584��W] XI-15-1984; Berlese rotten log; A. J. Gilbert ��� (CSCA). Etymology. This species is named for the county and town from which it was collected, Mariposa. Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from its California congeners by the character combination of the presence of four ommatidia on each side of the head (Fig. 4C), the mesosternal process truncate at the apex (Fig. 2C), and the humeral angle of the elytron weakly raised and dorsally flattened (Fig. 3C). Cephennium mariposae is most similar to C. celsifrons but can be distinguished from it by the latter having only two ommatidia on each side of the head (Fig. 2A) and a more elongate and slender body form (Fig. 1B). Th is species can be easily separated from C. urbanum, C. anopthalmicum, C. canestroi, C. grandarboreum and C. gilberti by the absence of ommatidia and the apex of the mesosternal keel being divergent in these species. It can be further distinguished from C. anophthalmicum, C. urbanum and C. aridum by the humeral angle of the elytron projecting laterally to a point in these three species (Fig. 3A, G-H). Description. Length: 0.836 mm; pronotal width: 0.380 mm; elytral width: 0.437 mm. Body broad, ovate, slightly convex, testaceous, evenly densely pubescent, pubescence golden, slender, moderate in length (Fig. 1C). Head small, deflexed, sparsely pubescent, not narrowing anteriorly from antennal insertions; frons flat; four ommatidia present on each side of head. Antenna setose, antennomere I and II longer than broad, antennomeres III-VI quadrate and smaller than antennomeres II and VII, antennomere VIII smaller than antennomeres VII and IX, antennomeres IX-XI gradually clavate forming a loose club. Pronotum densely pubescent, broadest between middle and anterior third, disc convex medially and weakly flattened near each posterior angle; anterior margin not visible from above; anterior and posterior margin lacking marginal bead; marginal bead complete laterally, gradually widening towards base; lateral edge broadly rounded to posterior third, then evenly to base (Fig. 1C). Hypomeron smooth, sparsely setose towards upper quarter and along outside (lateral) edge; hypomeral bead anterolaterad procoxae sinuate. Prosternum without nodules anterolaterad procoxal cavities (Fig. 2C). Elytra impunctate, as pubescent as pronotum, covering all abdominal segments, weakly truncate at apex; elytral suture flat; elytral striae absent; basomedial fovea present on each elytron, fovea small, with moderately dense inwardly directed setae (Figs. 1C, 3C). Humeral angles of elytron raised, dorsally flattened (plateau-like), apically rounded, slender, moderately curving posterad around anterolateral angles (Fig. 3C). Scutellum roundly triangular, without setae (Fig. 3C). Mesosternal keel setose with indentation around each seta, apex not divergent (Fig. 2B). Metathoracic wings vestigial. Femora strongly clavate in distal half, tibiae expanded and becoming more densely setose towards distal half. Six visible abdominal sternites (fusion between ventrites V and VI). Aedeagus not studied. Female. Identical to male. Biology. Th e lone specimen of this species was collected from a rotten log. Distribution. This species is only known from Mariposa in Mariposa County, CA (Fig. 6). Cephennium grandarboreum Hopp & Caterino, sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8CD00FEF-266D-42A1-8C2F-0031C5EAAF06 Figs 1D, 2D, 3D, 5C, 6 Type Material. Holotype. Male. ���CA: Monterey Co.; 36.2403��N, 121.7781��W; LPNF: Sycamore Cyn.; II.14.2006; Caterino&Chatzimanolis; maple/redwood litter���/ ���CA BEETLE PROJ; CBP0041534 ��� (SBMN). Paratypes (7): 3 specimens with same data as holotype (1 SBMN, CBP0041525 [disarticulated]; 1 FMNH, CBP0041544; 1 CASC, CBP0041516); ���CA: Monterey Co.; 36.0772��N, 121.5923��W; UC Big Creek Reserve; Redwood Camp, iii.28.2004. M. Caterino, redwood litter��� (1 CSCA, CBP0018437; 1 LACM, CBP0018450; 1 SBMN [in freezer for DNA]); ���CA: Monterey Co.; 36.0812��N, 121.5974��W; UC Big Creek Reserve; BigCk/BrunetteCk.confl.; ii.7.2003, M. Caterino; redwood litter��� (1 SBMN, CBP 0006070 [gold coated for SEM]). Etymology. This species name is the combination of the Latin words grandis and arboreus, meaning very large tree, as this species is associated with coast redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens). Diagnosis. This species is most similar to Cephennium gilberti but can be distinguished from it by its body size and shape. Cephennium grandarboreum is represented by the largest specimens (0.988 ���1.121 mm long) of this genus currently known to occur in California, and is very robust. C. gilberti is known from the smallest specimen (0.646 mm long) of this genus known to occur in California and is much more slender and elongate. These two species can also be separated by the mesosternal keel, which is strongly divergent in C. grandarboreum, which has the apex ��2.4�� as wide as the widest anterior point (Fig. 2D). The mesosternal keel of C. gilberti is weakly divergent and ��2�� as wide as the widest anterior point (Fig. 2F). Cephennium grandarboreum can be separated from all other species by having two scutellar setae (Fig.3D) instead of four (Fig. 3E) or zero (Figs 3 A-C, G-H). Apart from the scutellar setae, C. grandarboreum and C. canestroi are quite similar, with rounded elytral humeral angles, but the elytral foveae are large and densely setose in C. grandarboreum (Figs. 1D, 2D), whereas they are smaller and moderately setose in C. canestroi (Fig. 1E, 2E). Th e humeral angle of the elytron is also more slender and posterorly curved in C. grandarboreum (Fig. 3D) than in C. canestroi (Fig. 3E), and has a more strongly divergent mesosternal keel (Fig. 2D) than C. canestroi (Fig. 2E). Description. Male. Length: 0.988 ���1.121 mm; pronotal width: 0.418 ���0.437 mm; elytral width: 0.456 ���0.475 mm. Body broad, ovate, slightly convex, rufo-testaceous to amber yellow, evenly densely pubescent, pubescence golden, slender, long (Fig. 1D). Head small, deflexed moderately pubescent, weakly narrowing anteriorly from antennal insertions; eyes absent. Antenna setose, antennomere I and II longer than broad, antennomeres III-VI quadrate and smaller than antennomeres II and VII, antennomere VIII smaller than antennomeres VII and IX, antennomeres IX-XI gradually clavate forming a loose club. Pronotum densely pubescent, broadest between middle and anterior third, disc very convex medially and weakly flattened near each posterior angle; anterior margin not visible from above; anterior and posterior margin lacking marginal bead; marginal bead complete laterally, gradually widening towards base; lateral edge broadly rounded to posterior third, then weakly sinuate at base (Fig. 1D). Hypomeron smooth, sparsely setose towards upper quarter and along outside (lateral) edge, hypomeral bead anterolaterad procoxae with small knob at apex. Prosternum with small, weakly produced egg-shaped nodules anterolaterad procoxal cavities (Fig. 2D). Elytra impunctate, as pubescent as pronotum, covering all abdominal segments, weakly truncate at apex; elytral suture flat; elytral striae absent; basomedial fovea present on each elytron, fovea large, deep, with dense inwardly directed setae (Fig. 1D, 3D). Humeral angle of elytron raised laterad scutellum to humeral angle, humeral plateau slender, dorsally flattened, apically rounded; apex reaching posterad past midline of elytral fovea (Fig. 3D). Scutellum roundly triangular, with two setae (Fig. 3D). Mesosternal keel setose, texture ap- pearing as fish scales anteriorly, abruptly smooth and impunctate near mesometasternal suture, apex strongly bifid and divergent, posterior projections long (Fig. 2D). Metathoracic wings vestigial. Femora strongly clavate in distal half, tibiae expanded and becoming more densely setose towards distal half. Five visible abdominal sternites (sometimes appearing as six due to weak fusion between ventrites V and VI). Aedeagus with median lobe bulbous, heavily sclerotized, median dorsal projection coming to point at apex (triangular), reaching past apical collar; apical collar with dense setae surrounding opening; dorsal parameres slender, longer than median lobe but not extending past apical collar, with lateral subapical setae on each side; apical digiform process extending past apical collar, bent ventrad near apex (Fig. 5C). Female. Identical to male. Biology. Specimens were extracted from redwood litter and a combination of maple and redwood litter with the use of Berlese funnels. Distribution. This species is known from a few localities near Big Sur, Monterey County, CA (Fig. 6)., Published as part of Hopp, Katie & Caterino, Michael, 2009, Seven new species of Cephennium M��ller & Kunze (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae, Cephenniini) from California with a key to native North American species, pp. 31-54 in ZooKeys 24 (24) on pages 41-44, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.24.247, http://zenodo.org/record/576549

Cepehennium celsifrons Hopp & Caterino, sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FB4E5DDF-D621-4B8E-A233-E2956D8C66EB Figs 1B, 2B, 3B, 4A-B, 5B, 6 Type Material. Holotype. Male. “CALIF: Calaveras Co.; 3.0 mi NW West Point [̴ 38.4160°N, 120.5515°W]; 2250 ft., v.20.1976; berl.; litter, mixed hdwd.- Pinus -; Libocedrus – Abies; for.; A. Newton, M. Thayer ”/ “ Cephennium sp. ♀; A. Newton det. 1978” (FMNH). Paratypes (8): 1 specimen with same data as holotype (SBMN [gold coated for SEM]); “CALIF: Calaveras; Co., 3mi NW West; Point 2250’; v.20.1976”/ “ A. Newton; M. Thayer; collectors”/ “ A. Newton; M. Th ayer; collectors” (1 MCZC); “CAL.: Calaveras Co.; 3 mi NE Glencoe 2000’; VI.25.1975 berl. litter,; oak – conifer forest away; from stream; A. Newton ”/ “ Cephennium; A. Newton det. 1975” (2 FMNH, females); “3 miW Michigan Bar; Amador Co., Cal.; III-3-1971 ”/ “ex Berlese-; oak duff”/ “Fred G.; Andrews; collector” (1 FMNH, male [disarticulated]); “CALIF: Amador Co.; Pine Grove; IV-15-1972; Fred G Andrews”/ “Berlesed; Oak; Litter” (1 CSCA); “CALIF: Amador Co.; 1 mi. W Pine Grove; II-14-1971; R. F. Wilkey; Ex. Rotten wood” (1 CSCA); “ Pine Grove; Amador Co., Cal.; IV.15.1972”/ “Berlesed; from; Oak duff” (1 CSCA [disarticulated]). Etymology. This species name is derived from the latin celsus (elevated or lofty) in combination with frons, in reference to the unique, prominent sexual dimorphism exhibited by the male. Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from all California congeners by the character combination of the presence of two ommatidia on each side of the head (Fig. 4A), the mesosternal process truncate at the apex (Fig. 2B), and the frons of the male with a median longitudinal ridge (Fig. 4B). Th e male frons structure is unique to this species. Cephennium celsifrons and C. mariposae are otherwise very similar but can be distinguished by the number of ommatidia present (2 vs. 4, respectively, Figs. 4A, C). Cephennium aridum has a single ommatidium on each side of the head (Fig. 4D), and no other species exhibit any traces of eyes. Description. Male. Length: 0.817 –0.893 mm; pronotal width: 0.323 –0.380 mm; elytral width: 0.380 –0.418 mm. Body broad, ovate, slightly convex, rufo-testaceous to amber yellow, evenly densely pubescent, pubescence golden, slender, long, moderately decumbent (Fig. 1B). Head small, deflexed, sparsely pubescent, not narrowing anteriorly from antennal insertions; frons pinched medially forming a medial ridge (Fig. 4B); two ommatidia present on each side of the head (Fig. 4A). Antenna setose, antennomere I and II longer than broad, antennomeres III-VI quadrate and smaller than antennomeres II and VII, antennomere VIII smaller than antennomeres VII and IX, antennomeres IX-XI gradually clavate forming loose club. Pronotum densely pubescent, broadest between middle and anterior third, disc very convex medially and weakly flattened near each posterior angle; anterior margin not visible from above; anterior and posterior margin lacking marginal bead; marginal bead complete laterally, gradually widening towards base; lateral edge broadly rounded to posterior third, then evenly curved to base (Fig. 1B). Hypomeron smooth, sparsely setose towards upper quarter and along outside (lateral) edge, hypomeral bead anterolaterad procoxae sinuate. Prosternum without nodules anterolaterad procoxal cavities (Fig. 2B). Elytra impunctate, pubescent as pronotum, covering all abdominal segments, weakly truncate at apex; elytral suture flat; elytral striae absent; basomedial fovea present on each elytron, fovea small, with dense inwardly directed setae (Figs. 1B, 3B). Humeral angles of elytron raised, dorsally flattened (plateau-like), laterally rounded; weakly curved posterad around anterolateral angle (Fig. 3B). Scutellum roundly triangular, without setae (Fig 3B). Mesosternal keel setose with indentation around each seta; smooth in the posterior quarter portion, apex straight (Fig. 2B). Metathoracic wings vestigial. Femora strongly clavate in distal half, tibiae expanded and becoming more densely setose towards distal half. Six visible abdominal sternites (fusion between ventrites V and VI incomplete). Aedeagus with median lobe rather lightly sclerotized, bulbous and deeply emarginate at base; apex with keel-like median dorsal process and dorsally curved, apically convex digiform process extending over part of apical collar (Fig. 5B). Female. Identical to male except frons flat. Biology. This species has been collected from berlesed litters of oak, rotten wood, mixed oak/conifer, and mixed hardwood. This species apparently favors moist habitats. Distribution. This species has been collected in the mid-elevations of the central Sierra Nevada, from localities in Amador and Calaveras Counties (Fig. 6).

Cephennium anophthalmicum Brendel, 1889 Figs 1A, 2A, 3A, 5A, 6 Type Material. Not seen. A holotype was not designated for this species. However, it was described from a single specimen from Alameda County that was sifted from vegetable debris together with a large number of Pinodytes cryptophagoides (currently Catopocerus cryptophagoides) by Marie Fuchs (Brendel 1889). We attempted to track down this specimen but were not able to locate it at either the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, the original repository of the Brendel collection, or the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, the current repository for the Brendel collection. However, we did see a specimen from the MCZC that was determined as C. anophthalmicum from Alameda County. Because the label data do not exactly match the information presented by Brendel (1889) we believe this is only a topotype, and not a primary type. We choose not to designate a neotype here as it is possible that the original type specimen is still in existence somewhere. Material Examined. ��� Alameda; Co. CAL.���/ ��� Laundry; Farm ���/ ���H. C. FALL; COLLECTION���/ ��� Cephennium; anophthalmicum; Brend.��� (1 MCZC); ��� Mill Valley; Marin Co. Cal.; 30.V.1952 ���/ ���By sifting; forest duff���/ ��� H.B. Leech; Collector���/ red square label/ ��� Cephennium; sp. ♀; Cl. Besuchet; det. V 1961 ���/ ���Collection of the; CALIFORNIA ACADEMY; of SCIENCES, San; Francisco, Calif.��� (1 CASC); ��� Loma Mar; SanMateo Co. Calif; IV-29-1970 ���/ ���ex. Redwood; Litter���/ ���Collector; T.R.Haig ��� (1 FMNH [female, disarticulated]). Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from its California congeners by the character combination of the absence of eyes, humeral angle of elytron bluntly angulate (Fig. 1A), and the absence of a basal elytral sutural ridge. Cephennium anophthalmicum most closely resembles C. urbanum, but can be separated from it by the presence of a basal elytral sutural ridge (Fig. 1G), and the apex of the mesosternal keel divergent and crescent-shaped in C. urbanum (Fig. 2G). It can be easily distinguished from C. aridum, C. celsifrons, and C. mariposae by the presence of eyes in these species (Fig. 4A, C-D), and can be separated from C. grandarboreum, C. canestroi and C. gilberti by the humeral angle of the elytron, which is raised, dorsally flattened and apically rounded in these three species (Fig. 3 D-F). Figure |. A���H Dorsal habitus SEMs, all to same scale A Cephennium anophthalmicum Brendel B Cephennium celsifrons Hopp & Caterino C Cephennium mariposae Hopp & Caterino D Cephennium grandarboreum Hopp & Caterino E Cephennium canestroi Hopp & Caterino F Cephennium gilberti Hopp & Caterino G Cephennium urbanum Hopp & Caterino H Cephennium aridum Hopp & Caterino. Redescription. Male. Length: 0.874 mm; pronotal width: 0.418 mm; elytral width: 0.475 mm. Body elongate, slender, weakly convex; testaceous; evenly and moderately pubescent; pubescence golden, slender, moderately long, weakly decumbent (Fig. 1A). Dorsal surface of head smooth, weakly pubescent, narrowing anteriorly from antennal insertions. Eyes absent. Antenna setose, antennomere I and II longer than broad, antennomeres III-VI quadrate and smaller than antennomeres II and VII, an- tennomere VIII smaller than antennomeres VII and IX, antennomeres IX-XI gradually clavate forming a loose club. Pronotum moderately pubescent, broadest between middle and anterior third, very convex in disc and moderately flattened near each posterior angle; anterior margin not visible from above; anterior and posterior margin lacking marginal bead; lateral marginal bead complete, gradually widening towards base; lateral edge broadly rounded to posterior third, then weakly sinuate to base (Fig. 1A). Hypomeron smooth, sparsely setose towards anterior quarter and along outside (lateral) edge. Prosternum lacking protuberant nodules anterolaterad procoxal cavities (Fig. 2A). Elytra smooth, as pubescent as pronotum, covering all abdominal segments; elytral suture flat; basomedial fovea present on each elytron; fovea moderate in size, moderately pubescent (Figs. 1A, 3A). Humeral angle of elytron projecting laterally to blunt point, dorsally raised and flattened (Fig. 3A). Scutellum weakly triangular, lacking setae (Fig. 3A). Mesosternal keel sparsely setose, lacking scale-like microsculp- ture, posterior quarter impunctate, apex weakly bifid (divergent), divergent projections short, triangulate (Fig. 2A). Metathoracic wings vestigial. Femora strongly clavate in distal half, tibiae expanded and becoming more densely setose towards distal half. Five visible abdominal sternites, ventrites V and VI partially fused. Aedeagus strongly sclerotized, with median lobe basally rounded, pill-shaped; parameres thin, sinuate, bisetose apically, extending to apex of rather narrow, bluntly triangular median dorsal process; apical digiform process curving ventrad at apex, extending just beyond apical collar; membranous apical collar with sclerotized clasper-like processes extending from apex; membranous lateral flaps present at base of apical collar (Fig. 5A). Female. Identical to male. Biology. This species was first described from a single specimen that was sifted from vegetable debris. An additional specimen was sifted from forest duff. Beyond this, there is little known about the biology of this species. Distribution. This species has been collected around the San Francisco Bay Area in central coastal California (Fig. 6)., Published as part of Hopp, Katie & Caterino, Michael, 2009, Seven new species of Cephennium M��ller & Kunze (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae, Cephenniini) from California with a key to native North American species, pp. 31-54 in ZooKeys 24 (24) on pages 34-38, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.24.247, http://zenodo.org/record/576549, {"references":["Brendel E (1889) Descriptions of new Scydmaenidae and Pselaphidae. Entomologica Americana 5: 193 - 197. http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 42392"]}

Cephennium canestroi Hopp & Caterino, sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 55F6B353-76A2-4826-8D8E-6FD28BE5671C Figs 1E, 2E, 3E, 5D, 6 Type Material. Holotype. Male. “CA: San Luis Obispo Co.; 35.5249°N, 121.0719°W; UC Rancho Marino Res.; II.26.2009, Salix litter; M.S. Caterino ”/ “CA BEETLE PROJ; CBP0087147 ” (SBMN). Paratypes (5): “CA: San Luis Obispo Co.; 35.5361°N, 121.0723°W; UC Rancho Marino Res.; III.10.2009, M.S. Caterino; Heteromeles litter” (2 SBMN, CBP0087853 [gold coated for SEM], CBP0087825 [disarticulated]; 1 CASC, CBP0087841; 1 CSCA, CBP0087830; 1 FMNH, CBP0087815 [male genitalia dissected out and gold coated for SEM]). Etymology. We are pleased to name this species for Don Canestro, director of the Rancho Marino Reserve, in appreciation of his generous assistance with our fieldwork. Diagnosis. This species can be separated from its California congeners by the character combination of the absence of eyes, humeral plateau of the elytra raised, dorsally flattened and apically rounded, and scutellum with four setae (Fig. 3E). Cephennium canestroi most closely resembles C. grandarboreum and C. gilberti, all having a generally rounded humeral angle (Figs. 3 D-F), but C. canestroi can be distinguished from them by having four scutellar setae (Fig. 3E) instead of two (Fig. 3D, F). Cephennium canestroi can be separated from C. anophthalmicum and C. urbanum by the shape of the elytral humeral angle, which projects laterally to a point in the latter two species (Fig. 3 G-H). Description Male. Length: 0.836 –0.922 mm; pronotal width: 0.314 –0.323 mm; elytral width: 0.361 –0.380 mm. Body elongate, slender, weakly convex; amber-yellow, transparent under light, evenly and moderately pubescent, pubescence golden, slender, moderately long, weakly recumbent (Fig. 1E). Dorsal surface of head impunctate, weakly pubescent, weakly narrowing anteriorly from antennal insertions. Eyes absent. Antenna setose, antennomeres I and II longer than broad, antennomeres III-VI quadrate and smaller than antennomeres II and VII, antennomere VIII smaller than antennomeres VII and IX, antennomeres IX-XI gradually clavate forming a loose club. Pronotum pubescent, broadest between middle and anterior third, very convex in disc and weakly flattened near each posterior angle; anterior margin not visible from above; anterior and posterior margin lacking marginal bead; marginal bead complete laterally, gradually widening towards base; lateral edge broadly rounded to posterior third, then sinuate to base (Fig. 1E). Hypomeron impunctate, sparsely setose towards anterior quarter and along outside (lateral) edge (Fig. 2E). Prosternum with prominent egg-shaped nodules anterolaterad procoxal cavities (Fig. 2E). Elytra smooth, as pubescent as pronotum, covering all abdominal segments; elytral suture flat; elytral striae absent, basomedial fovea present on each elytron, fovea small, moderately pubescent (Figs. 1E, 2E). Humeral angle of elytron raised from laterad scutellum along anterior margin to humeral angle, humeral plateau broad, dorsally flattened, apically rounded, not reaching past midline of elytral fovea (Fig. 3E). Scutellum nearly semicircular, with four setae present (two on each side of the midline) (Fig. 3E). Mesosternal keel setose, texture appearing like fish scales in its entirety until abruptly smooth in the posterior quarter, weakly bifid at mesometasternal suture, divergent projections short (Fig. 2E). Metathoracic wings vestigial. Femora strongly clavate in distal half; tibiae expanded and becoming more densely setose towards distal half. Five visible abdominal sternites, with partial fusion between the apical two (ventrites V and VI). Aedeagus with median lobe bulbous, strongly sclerotized, median dorsal projection parallel-sided at base, convergent and bisinuate at apex, not reaching past apical collar; apical collar with dense setae meeting medially and forming wick-like setal extension, curving ventrad; dorsal parameres slender, extending beyond apex of median lobe but not past apical collar, each with two subapical setae; apical digiform process present, bent ventrad near apex (Fig. 5D). Female. Identical to male. Biology. This species has been collected from Heteromeles (Toyon) and Salix (Willow) litter. Th e collecting sites occur near a native stand of Monterey Pine (Pinus radiata), and is along the coast near the town of Cambria. Collecting sites were in a rocky drainage, with sparse shrubby willow cover, facing and only a few hundred meters from the ocean, and on a shaded northeast facing slope under a very large toyon tree, with a dense understory of Rubus and Toxicodendron. Distribution. This species has been only collected from San Luis Obispo County, CA, in the University of California Rancho Marino Reserve (Fig. 6).

Cephennium gilberti Hopp & Caterino, sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 307DD4D1-D511-447D-AFF4-2258EE6DFC10 Figs 1F, 2F, 3F, 6 Type Material. Holotype (unknown sex): “CALIF: Kern Co.; 5 mi. E Glenville [sic] [̴ 35.7486°N, 118.5805°W]; Alta Sierra Camp; III-12-1979; A.J. Gilbert ”/ “Berlesed; Oak; Litter” (CSCA). We did not risk dissecting the type to determine sex due to its uniqueness and minute size. Etymology. We name this species in honor of Dr. Art Gilbert, collector of the unique specimens of two of the species described herein, including this one. Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from its California congeners by the character combination of the eyes absent, humeral angle of the elytron raised, dorsally flattened and apically rounded (Fig. 3F), scutellum with two setae (Fig. 3F), and the mesosternal keel weakly divergent at the apex (Fig. 2F). Th is species most closely resembles C. grandarboreum, but can be distinguished from it by its smaller size (0.646 mm long), more elongate and slender body (Fig. 1F), the posterior angles of the pronotum being sharper in C. gilberti (Fig. 1F), and the mesosternal keel more weakly divergent at the apex with the apex approximately only 2× as wide as the widest point anterior to the apex (Fig. 2F), as opposed to the apex strongly divergent and nearly 2.4× as wide as the widest point anterior to the apex as in C. grandarboreum (Fig. 2D). C. gilberti can be separated from C. anophthalmicum, C. urbanum and C. aridum by the humeral angle of the elytron, which projects laterally to a point in these species (Fig. 3A, G-H). Finally, it can be distinguished from C. celsifrons, C. mariposae and C. aridum by the presence of ommatidia in these species (Fig. 4A, C-D). Description (sex unknown). Length: 0.646 mm; pronotal width: 0.228 mm; elytral width: 0.266 mm. Body elongate, slender, weakly convex, amber yellow, evenly moderately pubescent, pubescence golden, slender, moderate in length (Fig. 1F). Head small, deflexed, sparsely pubescent; frons flat; eyes absent. Antenna setose, antennomeres I and II longer than broad, antennomeres III-VI quadrate and smaller than antennomeres II and VII, antennomere VIII smaller than antennomeres VII and IX, antennomeres IX-XI gradually clavate forming a loose club. Pronotum moderately pubescent, broadest between middle and anterior third, disc very convex medially and weakly flattened near each posterior angle; anterior margin not visible from above; anterior and posterior margin lacking marginal bead; marginal bead complete laterally, gradually widening towards base; lateral edge broadly rounded to posterior third, then slightly sinuate to base (Fig. 1F). Hypomeron smooth, sparsely setose towards upper quarter and along outside (lateral) edge, hypomeral bead anterolaterad procoxae sinuate. Prosternum with prominent, bluntly triangular nodules anterolaterad procoxal cavities (Fig. 2F). Elytra impunctate, as pubescent as pronotum, covering all abdominal segments, weakly truncate at apex; elytral suture flat; elytral striae absent; basomedial fovea present on each elytron, fovea large, with moderately dense inwardly directed setae (Figs. 1F, 3F). Humeral angles of elytron raised, dorsal plateau apically rounded, slender, barely reaching beyond anterior portion of the elytral fovae (Fig. 3F). Scutellum roundly triangular, with two short setae, one on each side of the midline (Fig. 3F). Mesosternal keel setose with scalelike microsculpture over most of length, abruptly smooth near meso-metasternal junction, apex weakly divergent, angulate (Fig. 2F). Metathoracic wings vestigial. Femora strongly clavate in distal half, tibiae expanded and becoming more densely setose towards distal half. Six visible abdominal sternites (fusion between ventrites V and VI not evident). Biology. Th is species has been collected only from berlesed oak litter. Distribution. This species is known from a single locality five miles east of Glennville, at about 1800m in the southern Sierra Nevada of Kern County, CA (Fig. 6).

Cephennium mariposae Hopp & Caterino, sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2E36C8F3-E54C-4CD3-AAF4-A5D366014F5E Figs 1C, 2C, 3C, 4C, 6 Type Material. Holotype (sex not determined): “CALIF: Mariposa Co.; Mariposa [̴ 37.4766°N, 119.9584°W] XI-15-1984; Berlese rotten log; A. J. Gilbert ” (CSCA). Etymology. This species is named for the county and town from which it was collected, Mariposa. Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from its California congeners by the character combination of the presence of four ommatidia on each side of the head (Fig. 4C), the mesosternal process truncate at the apex (Fig. 2C), and the humeral angle of the elytron weakly raised and dorsally flattened (Fig. 3C). Cephennium mariposae is most similar to C. celsifrons but can be distinguished from it by the latter having only two ommatidia on each side of the head (Fig. 2A) and a more elongate and slender body form (Fig. 1B). Th is species can be easily separated from C. urbanum, C. anopthalmicum, C. canestroi, C. grandarboreum and C. gilberti by the absence of ommatidia and the apex of the mesosternal keel being divergent in these species. It can be further distinguished from C. anophthalmicum, C. urbanum and C. aridum by the humeral angle of the elytron projecting laterally to a point in these three species (Fig. 3A, G-H). Description. Length: 0.836 mm; pronotal width: 0.380 mm; elytral width: 0.437 mm. Body broad, ovate, slightly convex, testaceous, evenly densely pubescent, pubescence golden, slender, moderate in length (Fig. 1C). Head small, deflexed, sparsely pubescent, not narrowing anteriorly from antennal insertions; frons flat; four ommatidia present on each side of head. Antenna setose, antennomere I and II longer than broad, antennomeres III-VI quadrate and smaller than antennomeres II and VII, antennomere VIII smaller than antennomeres VII and IX, antennomeres IX-XI gradually clavate forming a loose club. Pronotum densely pubescent, broadest between middle and anterior third, disc convex medially and weakly flattened near each posterior angle; anterior margin not visible from above; anterior and posterior margin lacking marginal bead; marginal bead complete laterally, gradually widening towards base; lateral edge broadly rounded to posterior third, then evenly to base (Fig. 1C). Hypomeron smooth, sparsely setose towards upper quarter and along outside (lateral) edge; hypomeral bead anterolaterad procoxae sinuate. Prosternum without nodules anterolaterad procoxal cavities (Fig. 2C). Elytra impunctate, as pubescent as pronotum, covering all abdominal segments, weakly truncate at apex; elytral suture flat; elytral striae absent; basomedial fovea present on each elytron, fovea small, with moderately dense inwardly directed setae (Figs. 1C, 3C). Humeral angles of elytron raised, dorsally flattened (plateau-like), apically rounded, slender, moderately curving posterad around anterolateral angles (Fig. 3C). Scutellum roundly triangular, without setae (Fig. 3C). Mesosternal keel setose with indentation around each seta, apex not divergent (Fig. 2B). Metathoracic wings vestigial. Femora strongly clavate in distal half, tibiae expanded and becoming more densely setose towards distal half. Six visible abdominal sternites (fusion between ventrites V and VI). Aedeagus not studied. Female. Identical to male. Biology. Th e lone specimen of this species was collected from a rotten log. Distribution. This species is only known from Mariposa in Mariposa County, CA (Fig. 6). Cephennium grandarboreum Hopp & Caterino, sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8CD00FEF-266D-42A1-8C2F-0031C5EAAF06 Figs 1D, 2D, 3D, 5C, 6 Type Material. Holotype. Male. “CA: Monterey Co.; 36.2403°N, 121.7781°W; LPNF: Sycamore Cyn.; II.14.2006; Caterino&Chatzimanolis; maple/redwood litter”/ “CA BEETLE PROJ; CBP0041534 ” (SBMN). Paratypes (7): 3 specimens with same data as holotype (1 SBMN, CBP0041525 [disarticulated]; 1 FMNH, CBP0041544; 1 CASC, CBP0041516); “CA: Monterey Co.; 36.0772°N, 121.5923°W; UC Big Creek Reserve; Redwood Camp, iii.28.2004. M. Caterino, redwood litter” (1 CSCA, CBP0018437; 1 LACM, CBP0018450; 1 SBMN [in freezer for DNA]); “CA: Monterey Co.; 36.0812°N, 121.5974°W; UC Big Creek Reserve; BigCk/BrunetteCk.confl.; ii.7.2003, M. Caterino; redwood litter” (1 SBMN, CBP 0006070 [gold coated for SEM]). Etymology. This species name is the combination of the Latin words grandis and arboreus, meaning very large tree, as this species is associated with coast redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens). Diagnosis. This species is most similar to Cephennium gilberti but can be distinguished from it by its body size and shape. Cephennium grandarboreum is represented by the largest specimens (0.988 –1.121 mm long) of this genus currently known to occur in California, and is very robust. C. gilberti is known from the smallest specimen (0.646 mm long) of this genus known to occur in California and is much more slender and elongate. These two species can also be separated by the mesosternal keel, which is strongly divergent in C. grandarboreum, which has the apex ̴2.4× as wide as the widest anterior point (Fig. 2D). The mesosternal keel of C. gilberti is weakly divergent and ̴2× as wide as the widest anterior point (Fig. 2F). Cephennium grandarboreum can be separated from all other species by having two scutellar setae (Fig.3D) instead of four (Fig. 3E) or zero (Figs 3 A-C, G-H). Apart from the scutellar setae, C. grandarboreum and C. canestroi are quite similar, with rounded elytral humeral angles, but the elytral foveae are large and densely setose in C. grandarboreum (Figs. 1D, 2D), whereas they are smaller and moderately setose in C. canestroi (Fig. 1E, 2E). Th e humeral angle of the elytron is also more slender and posterorly curved in C. grandarboreum (Fig. 3D) than in C. canestroi (Fig. 3E), and has a more strongly divergent mesosternal keel (Fig. 2D) than C. canestroi (Fig. 2E). Description. Male. Length: 0.988 –1.121 mm; pronotal width: 0.418 –0.437 mm; elytral width: 0.456 –0.475 mm. Body broad, ovate, slightly convex, rufo-testaceous to amber yellow, evenly densely pubescent, pubescence golden, slender, long (Fig. 1D). Head small, deflexed moderately pubescent, weakly narrowing anteriorly from antennal insertions; eyes absent. Antenna setose, antennomere I and II longer than broad, antennomeres III-VI quadrate and smaller than antennomeres II and VII, antennomere VIII smaller than antennomeres VII and IX, antennomeres IX-XI gradually clavate forming a loose club. Pronotum densely pubescent, broadest between middle and anterior third, disc very convex medially and weakly flattened near each posterior angle; anterior margin not visible from above; anterior and posterior margin lacking marginal bead; marginal bead complete laterally, gradually widening towards base; lateral edge broadly rounded to posterior third, then weakly sinuate at base (Fig. 1D). Hypomeron smooth, sparsely setose towards upper quarter and along outside (lateral) edge, hypomeral bead anterolaterad procoxae with small knob at apex. Prosternum with small, weakly produced egg-shaped nodules anterolaterad procoxal cavities (Fig. 2D). Elytra impunctate, as pubescent as pronotum, covering all abdominal segments, weakly truncate at apex; elytral suture flat; elytral striae absent; basomedial fovea present on each elytron, fovea large, deep, with dense inwardly directed setae (Fig. 1D, 3D). Humeral angle of elytron raised laterad scutellum to humeral angle, humeral plateau slender, dorsally flattened, apically rounded; apex reaching posterad past midline of elytral fovea (Fig. 3D). Scutellum roundly triangular, with two setae (Fig. 3D). Mesosternal keel setose, texture ap- pearing as fish scales anteriorly, abruptly smooth and impunctate near mesometasternal suture, apex strongly bifid and divergent, posterior projections long (Fig. 2D). Metathoracic wings vestigial. Femora strongly clavate in distal half, tibiae expanded and becoming more densely setose towards distal half. Five visible abdominal sternites (sometimes appearing as six due to weak fusion between ventrites V and VI). Aedeagus with median lobe bulbous, heavily sclerotized, median dorsal projection coming to point at apex (triangular), reaching past apical collar; apical collar with dense setae surrounding opening; dorsal parameres slender, longer than median lobe but not extending past apical collar, with lateral subapical setae on each side; apical digiform process extending past apical collar, bent ventrad near apex (Fig. 5C). Female. Identical to male. Biology. Specimens were extracted from redwood litter and a combination of maple and redwood litter with the use of Berlese funnels. Distribution. This species is known from a few localities near Big Sur, Monterey County, CA (Fig. 6).

Cephennium aridum Hopp & Caterino, sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 859E5725-2579-406B-8E7A-7AB07AE6739B Figs 1H, 2H, 3H, 4D, 5F, 6 Type Material. Holotype. Male. ���CA: San Bernardino Co.; 34.1405��N, 116.4541��W; UC Burns Reserve; Railroad Cyn, IV.1.2008; sifted from grass & flood debris; M. Ca- debris; M. Caterino & R. Leschen���/ ���CA BEETLE PROJ; CBP 0072926��� (SBMN [gold coated for SEM]). Paratypes (9): ���CALIF: Riverside Co; 4mi SE Valle Vista; II-1978 K.Cooper; Oak litter 78-57���/ ��� CEPHENNIUM; spp.; S. O���KEEFE DET ���90��� (1 SBMN); ���CALIF: Riverside Co; Palm Canyon Aqua [sic]; Caliente Reservation; IV-27-1978 78-67; K.W.Cooper ���/ ���berlese litter; at base of Washingtonia filifera ��� (1 CSCA); ���CALIF: Riverside Co.; Whitewater cyn. Palm Oasis; V-4-1987 to XI-27-1988; Rolf L. Aalbu coll.���/ ���Ethylene-glycol pitfall; trap at base of Washingtonia filifera ��� (2 CSCA); ���CAL- IF: Riverside Co.; 2 mi. E Gilman Hot; Springs, Lamb Canyon; V-18-1978 / XI-13- 1979; Fred G. Andrews; Antifreeze pit trap ��� (5 CSCA). Etymology. This species name refers to its occurrence in the arid regions of the western Mojave/ Colorado desert transition zone. Diagnosis. This species can be immediately distinguished from all of its California congeners by the presence of a single ommatidium on each side of the head (Fig. 4D). Besides this somewhat cryptic character, C. aridum shares a sharply angulate humeral process only with C. urbanum. Th e mesosternal keel of C. aridum, however, has scalelike microsculpture between the mesocoxae (Fig. 2H), whereas that of C. urbanum has only setose punctures between the coxae, its scale-like microsculpture being restricted to the extreme anterior end (Fig. 2G). Th e mesosternal process of C. urbanum is also distinctly crescent-shaped (Fig. 2G), where that of C. aridum is angulate (Fig. 2H). Description. Male. Length: 0.817 ���0.912 mm; pronotal width: 0.304 ���0.342 mm; elytral width: 0.352 ���0.418 mm. Body elongate, slender, weakly convex; amber-yellow, translucent; evenly and moderately pubescent; pubescence golden, slender, moderately long, weakly decumbent (Fig. 1H). Dorsal surface of head smooth, sparsely pubescent, narrowing anteriorly from antennal insertions. Single ommatidium present on each side of head (Fig. 4D). Antenna setose, antennomeres I and II longer than broad, antennomeres III-VI quadrate and smaller than antennomeres II and VII, antennomere VIII smaller than antennomeres VII and IX, antennomeres IX-XI gradually clavate forming a loose club. Pronotum moderately pubescent, broadest between middle and anterior third, very convex in disc part and moderately flattened near each posterior angle; anterior margin not visible from above; anterior and posterior margin lacking marginal bead; marginal bead complete laterally, gradually widening towards base; lateral edge broadly rounded to posterior third, then weakly sinuate to base (Fig. 1H). Hypomeron smooth, sparsely setose towards anterior quarter and along outside (lateral) edge. Prosternum with small, weakly protruding, oblique narrowly ovate nodules anterolaterad procoxal cavities (Fig. 2H). Elytra smooth, lacking striae, as pubescent as pronotum, covering all abdominal segments; elytral suture absent; basomedial fovea present on each elytron; fovea small, moderately pubescent (Figs. 1H, 3H). Humeral angle of elytron projecting laterally to sharp point (Fig. 3H). Scutellum weakly triangular, lacking setae (Fig. 3H). Mesosternal keel sparsely setose, with scale-like microsculpture over most of its length, abruptly smooth in posterior extreme, apex moderately bifid, divergent projections short, diverging at ��90�� an- gle (Fig. 2H). Metathoracic wings vestigial. Femora strongly clavate in distal half; tibiae expanded and becoming more densely setose towards distal half. Five visible abdominal sternites, ventrites V and VI largely fused. Aedeagus with median lobe bulbous, heavily sclerotized, truncate at apex, with very short median dorsal process, weakly emarginate for reception of apex of apical digiform process; apical collar not apparent; dorsal parameres slender, extending well beyond end of median lobe, each with two subapical setae (Fig. 1H). Female. Unknown. Biology. The type of this species was sifted from grass and flood debris in a small, spring-fed, but frequently dry drainage. Other specimens were sifted from litter of the native California Fan Palm (Washingtonia filifera), which also occur in scattered springfed drainages in the Colorado (and broader Sonoran) desert. Distribution. This species is known from several localities in the far northeastern Colorado desert, in San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, CA (Fig. 6)., Published as part of Hopp, Katie & Caterino, Michael, 2009, Seven new species of Cephennium M��ller & Kunze (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae, Cephenniini) from California with a key to native North American species, pp. 31-54 in ZooKeys 24 (24) on pages 48-50, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.24.247, http://zenodo.org/record/576549

Cephennium urbanum Hopp & Caterino, sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5640D121-C792-4274-B02B-01EA234F177E Figs 1G, 2G, 3G, 5E, 6 Type Material. Holotype. Male. ���CA: Los Angeles Co.; 34.0824��N, 118.5660��W; Topanga SP, Santa Ynez; Cyn, III.30.2009; K.J. Hopp; Quercus / Platanus litter���/ ���CA BEETLE PROJ; CBP0088983 ��� (SBMN). Paratypes (20): 9 specimens with same data as holotype (8 SBMN, CBP0088984 [male genitalia dissected], CBP0088982, CBP0088981, CBP0088989, CBP0088986, CBP0088990, CBP0088988 [male genitalia gold coated for SEM], CBP0088987 [disarticulated]; 1 LACM, CBP0088985); ���CA: Los Angeles Co.; 34.0768��N, 118.8163��W; Santa Monica Mts:; Zuma Cyn, IV.14.2009; M.S. Caterino & K.J. Hopp; Heteromeles litter��� (2 SBMN, CBP0089582, CBP0089583 [gold coated for SEM]); ���CA: Los Angeles Co.; 34.0760��N, 118.8170��W; Santa Monica Mts:; Zuma Cyn, IV.14.2009; M.S. Caterino & K.J. Hopp; Heteromeles / Ceanothus litter��� (1 SBMN, CBP0089561); ���CA: Los Angeles Co.; 34.1258��N, 118.6567��W; SAMO, Calabasas Cold; Creek Trail, IV.22.2009; K.J. Hopp & M. Polihronakis; Quercus / Neotoma litter��� (2 SBMN, CBP0090114, CBP0090115); ���CA: Los Angeles Co.; 34.0561��N, 118.8800��W; Charmlee Park, IV.14.2009; M.S. Caterino & K.J. Hopp; Quercus litter��� (1 SBMN, CBP0089831); ���CA: Los Angeles Co.; 34.0723��N, 118.6846��W; Santa Monica Mts NRA; Piuma Rd, III.30.2009; K.J. Hopp, Quercus / Ceanothus / Heteromeles litter��� (1 SBMN, CBP0089190; 1 CSCA, CBP0089191); ���CA: Los Angeles Co.; 34.0948��N, 118.7242��W; Santa Monica Mts:; Malibu Ck SP; Quercus / Rhus litter, II.8.2009; M.S. Caterino & K.J. Hopp��� (1 FMNH, CBP0086147); ���CA: Los Angeles Co.; 34.0969��N, 118.7276��W; Santa Monica Mts:; Malibu Ck SP; Quercus litter, II.8.2009; M.S. Caterino & K.J. Hopp��� (1 CASC, CBP0086092); ��� Pasadena; Cal. ���/ ���H. C. FALL; COL- LECTION��� (1 MCZC). Etymology. The species name urbanum signifies the proximity of the Santa Monica Mountains to the urban development of greater Los Angeles. Th ese mountains represent an extremely important island of native biodiversity surrounded by development. Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from its California congeners by the character combination of the absence of eyes, humeral angles of elytral project laterally to a sharp point (Fig. 3G), presence of a basal elytral sutural ridge (Fig. 1G), and the apex of the mesosternal keel crescent-shaped (Fig. 2G). Th is species most closely resembles C. anophthalmicum but they can be separated by the basal sutural ridge, absent from C. anopthalmicum, and the apex of the mesosternal keel, which is divergent and crescent-shaped in C. urbanum (Fig. 2G) and very weakly divergent and angulate in C. anophthalmicum (Fig. 2A). It can be easily distinguished from C. celsifrons, C. mariposae and C. aridum by the presence of eyes in these species (Fig. 4A, C-D). Finally, it can be distinguished from C. grandarboreum, C. canestroi and C. gilberti by the humeral angle of the elytron, which is raised and rounded in these three species (Fig. 3 D-F). Description. Male. Length: 0.760 ���0.874 mm; pronotal width: 0.304 ���0.342 mm; elytral width: 0.352 ���0.399 mm. Body elongate, slender, weakly convex; amber-yellow, translucent; evenly and moderately pubescent; pubescence golden, slender, moderately long, weakly decumbent (Fig. 1G). Dorsal surface of head smooth, weakly pubescent, narrowing anteriorly from antennal insertions. Eyes absent. Antennae setose, antennomeres I and II longer than broad, antennomeres III-VI quadrate and smaller than antennomeres II and VII, antennomere VIII smaller than antennomeres VII and IX, antennomeres IX- XI gradually clavate forming a loose club. Pronotum moderately pubescent, broadest between middle and anterior third, very convex in disc and moderately flattened near each posterior angle; anterior margin not visible from above; anterior and posterior margin lacking marginal bead; lateral marginal bead complete, gradually widening towards base; lateral edge broadly rounded to posterior third, then weakly sinuate to base (Fig. 1G). Hypomeron smooth, sparsely setose towards anterior quarter and along outside (lateral) edge. Prosternum with large, protruding, obliquely oriented, ovate nodules anterolaterad procoxal cavities (Fig. 2G). Elytra smooth, as pubescent as pronotum, covering all abdominal segments; elytral sutural margin raised from base of scutellum to Female. Identical to male. Biology. This species has been sifted and extracted by Berlese funnels from Quercus (oak) and Heteromeles (Toyon) litter as well as mixed litters of Quercus and Rhus (sumac), Quercus and Salix (willow), Quercus and Platanus (sycamore), Quercus, Ceanothus (California lilac), and Heteromeles, and from a Neotoma (woodrat) nest pile under Quercus. Distribution. This species has mainly been collected in the Santa Monica Mountains in Los Angeles County, CA, with a single record from ���Pasadena��� in the western foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains (Fig. 6)., Published as part of Hopp, Katie & Caterino, Michael, 2009, Seven new species of Cephennium M��ller & Kunze (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae, Cephenniini) from California with a key to native North American species, pp. 31-54 in ZooKeys 24 (24) on pages 47-48, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.24.247, http://zenodo.org/record/576549

Cephennium gilberti Hopp & Caterino, sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 307DD4D1-D511-447D-AFF4-2258EE6DFC10 Figs 1F, 2F, 3F, 6 Type Material. Holotype (unknown sex): ���CALIF: Kern Co.; 5 mi. E Glenville [sic] [�� 35.7486��N, 118.5805��W]; Alta Sierra Camp; III-12-1979; A.J. Gilbert ���/ ���Berlesed; Oak; Litter��� (CSCA). We did not risk dissecting the type to determine sex due to its uniqueness and minute size. Etymology. We name this species in honor of Dr. Art Gilbert, collector of the unique specimens of two of the species described herein, including this one. Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from its California congeners by the character combination of the eyes absent, humeral angle of the elytron raised, dorsally flattened and apically rounded (Fig. 3F), scutellum with two setae (Fig. 3F), and the mesosternal keel weakly divergent at the apex (Fig. 2F). Th is species most closely resembles C. grandarboreum, but can be distinguished from it by its smaller size (0.646 mm long), more elongate and slender body (Fig. 1F), the posterior angles of the pronotum being sharper in C. gilberti (Fig. 1F), and the mesosternal keel more weakly divergent at the apex with the apex approximately only 2�� as wide as the widest point anterior to the apex (Fig. 2F), as opposed to the apex strongly divergent and nearly 2.4�� as wide as the widest point anterior to the apex as in C. grandarboreum (Fig. 2D). C. gilberti can be separated from C. anophthalmicum, C. urbanum and C. aridum by the humeral angle of the elytron, which projects laterally to a point in these species (Fig. 3A, G-H). Finally, it can be distinguished from C. celsifrons, C. mariposae and C. aridum by the presence of ommatidia in these species (Fig. 4A, C-D). Description (sex unknown). Length: 0.646 mm; pronotal width: 0.228 mm; elytral width: 0.266 mm. Body elongate, slender, weakly convex, amber yellow, evenly moderately pubescent, pubescence golden, slender, moderate in length (Fig. 1F). Head small, deflexed, sparsely pubescent; frons flat; eyes absent. Antenna setose, antennomeres I and II longer than broad, antennomeres III-VI quadrate and smaller than antennomeres II and VII, antennomere VIII smaller than antennomeres VII and IX, antennomeres IX-XI gradually clavate forming a loose club. Pronotum moderately pubescent, broadest between middle and anterior third, disc very convex medially and weakly flattened near each posterior angle; anterior margin not visible from above; anterior and posterior margin lacking marginal bead; marginal bead complete laterally, gradually widening towards base; lateral edge broadly rounded to posterior third, then slightly sinuate to base (Fig. 1F). Hypomeron smooth, sparsely setose towards upper quarter and along outside (lateral) edge, hypomeral bead anterolaterad procoxae sinuate. Prosternum with prominent, bluntly triangular nodules anterolaterad procoxal cavities (Fig. 2F). Elytra impunctate, as pubescent as pronotum, covering all abdominal segments, weakly truncate at apex; elytral suture flat; elytral striae absent; basomedial fovea present on each elytron, fovea large, with moderately dense inwardly directed setae (Figs. 1F, 3F). Humeral angles of elytron raised, dorsal plateau apically rounded, slender, barely reaching beyond anterior portion of the elytral fovae (Fig. 3F). Scutellum roundly triangular, with two short setae, one on each side of the midline (Fig. 3F). Mesosternal keel setose with scalelike microsculpture over most of length, abruptly smooth near meso-metasternal junction, apex weakly divergent, angulate (Fig. 2F). Metathoracic wings vestigial. Femora strongly clavate in distal half, tibiae expanded and becoming more densely setose towards distal half. Six visible abdominal sternites (fusion between ventrites V and VI not evident). Biology. Th is species has been collected only from berlesed oak litter. Distribution. This species is known from a single locality five miles east of Glennville, at about 1800m in the southern Sierra Nevada of Kern County, CA (Fig. 6)., Published as part of Hopp, Katie & Caterino, Michael, 2009, Seven new species of Cephennium M��ller & Kunze (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae, Cephenniini) from California with a key to native North American species, pp. 31-54 in ZooKeys 24 (24) on pages 45-46, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.24.247, http://zenodo.org/record/576549

Key to the species of California Cephennium M��ller and Kunze 1 Eyes present, reduced (Fig. 4A, C-D)......................................................... 2 ��� Eyes absent................................................................................................. 4 2(1) Mesosternal process straight, not divergent at apex (Fig. 2B); frons of males with medial ridge (Fig. 4B).............. C. celsifrons Hopp & Caterino, sp. n. ��� Mesosternal process divergent at apex (Fig. 2A, D-H); frons of males flat, without medial ridge.................................................................................. 3 3(2���) Single ommatidium present on each side of head (Fig. 4D); humeral angle of elytron apically pointed (Fig. 3H); body elongate, slender....................................................................................... C. aridum Hopp & Caterino, sp. n. ��� Four ommatidia present on each side of head (Fig. 4C); humeral angle of elytron apically rounded (Fig. 3C); body robust................................................................................................. C. mariposae Hopp & Caterino, sp. n. 4(1���) Humeral angle of elytron apically pointed (Fig. 3A, G-H)......................... 5 ��� Humeral angle of elytron apically rounded (Fig. 3 B-F).............................. 6 5(4) Basal elytral sutural ridge present (Fig. 1G); apex of mesosternal keel crescent-shaped (Fig. 2G)...................... C. urbanum Hopp & Caterino, sp. n. ��� Basal elytral sutural ridge absent; apex of mesosternal keel triangulate (Fig. 2A)................................................................ C. anophthalmicum Brendel 6(2���) Scutellum with two setae (Fig. 3D, F)........................................................ 7 ��� Scutellum with four setae (Fig. 3E)...... C. canestroi Hopp & Caterino, sp. n. 7(6) Body robust; moderately large, 0.988 ���1.121 mm in length; mesosternal keel strongly divergent at apex, apex 2.4�� as wide as widest point anteriorly (Fig. 2D); scutellar setae long, extending past posterior margin of scutellum (Fig. 3D)........................................ C. grandarboreum Hopp & Caterino, n.sp. ��� Body elongate, slender; very small, 0.646 mm in length; mesosternal keel weakly divergent at apex, apex 2�� as wide as widest point anteriorly (Fig. 2F); scutellar setae short, not extending past posterior margin of scutellum (Fig. 3F)....................................................... C. gilberti Hopp & Caterino, n.sp., Published as part of Hopp, Katie & Caterino, Michael, 2009, Seven new species of Cephennium M��ller & Kunze (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae, Cephenniini) from California with a key to native North American species, pp. 31-54 in ZooKeys 24 (24) on page 51, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.24.247, http://zenodo.org/record/576549

Cephennium canestroi Hopp & Caterino, sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 55F6B353-76A2-4826-8D8E-6FD28BE5671C Figs 1E, 2E, 3E, 5D, 6 Type Material. Holotype. Male. ���CA: San Luis Obispo Co.; 35.5249��N, 121.0719��W; UC Rancho Marino Res.; II.26.2009, Salix litter; M.S. Caterino ���/ ���CA BEETLE PROJ; CBP0087147 ��� (SBMN). Paratypes (5): ���CA: San Luis Obispo Co.; 35.5361��N, 121.0723��W; UC Rancho Marino Res.; III.10.2009, M.S. Caterino; Heteromeles litter��� (2 SBMN, CBP0087853 [gold coated for SEM], CBP0087825 [disarticulated]; 1 CASC, CBP0087841; 1 CSCA, CBP0087830; 1 FMNH, CBP0087815 [male genitalia dissected out and gold coated for SEM]). Etymology. We are pleased to name this species for Don Canestro, director of the Rancho Marino Reserve, in appreciation of his generous assistance with our fieldwork. Diagnosis. This species can be separated from its California congeners by the character combination of the absence of eyes, humeral plateau of the elytra raised, dorsally flattened and apically rounded, and scutellum with four setae (Fig. 3E). Cephennium canestroi most closely resembles C. grandarboreum and C. gilberti, all having a generally rounded humeral angle (Figs. 3 D-F), but C. canestroi can be distinguished from them by having four scutellar setae (Fig. 3E) instead of two (Fig. 3D, F). Cephennium canestroi can be separated from C. anophthalmicum and C. urbanum by the shape of the elytral humeral angle, which projects laterally to a point in the latter two species (Fig. 3 G-H). Description Male. Length: 0.836 ���0.922 mm; pronotal width: 0.314 ���0.323 mm; elytral width: 0.361 ���0.380 mm. Body elongate, slender, weakly convex; amber-yellow, transparent under light, evenly and moderately pubescent, pubescence golden, slender, moderately long, weakly recumbent (Fig. 1E). Dorsal surface of head impunctate, weakly pubescent, weakly narrowing anteriorly from antennal insertions. Eyes absent. Antenna setose, antennomeres I and II longer than broad, antennomeres III-VI quadrate and smaller than antennomeres II and VII, antennomere VIII smaller than antennomeres VII and IX, antennomeres IX-XI gradually clavate forming a loose club. Pronotum pubescent, broadest between middle and anterior third, very convex in disc and weakly flattened near each posterior angle; anterior margin not visible from above; anterior and posterior margin lacking marginal bead; marginal bead complete laterally, gradually widening towards base; lateral edge broadly rounded to posterior third, then sinuate to base (Fig. 1E). Hypomeron impunctate, sparsely setose towards anterior quarter and along outside (lateral) edge (Fig. 2E). Prosternum with prominent egg-shaped nodules anterolaterad procoxal cavities (Fig. 2E). Elytra smooth, as pubescent as pronotum, covering all abdominal segments; elytral suture flat; elytral striae absent, basomedial fovea present on each elytron, fovea small, moderately pubescent (Figs. 1E, 2E). Humeral angle of elytron raised from laterad scutellum along anterior margin to humeral angle, humeral plateau broad, dorsally flattened, apically rounded, not reaching past midline of elytral fovea (Fig. 3E). Scutellum nearly semicircular, with four setae present (two on each side of the midline) (Fig. 3E). Mesosternal keel setose, texture appearing like fish scales in its entirety until abruptly smooth in the posterior quarter, weakly bifid at mesometasternal suture, divergent projections short (Fig. 2E). Metathoracic wings vestigial. Femora strongly clavate in distal half; tibiae expanded and becoming more densely setose towards distal half. Five visible abdominal sternites, with partial fusion between the apical two (ventrites V and VI). Aedeagus with median lobe bulbous, strongly sclerotized, median dorsal projection parallel-sided at base, convergent and bisinuate at apex, not reaching past apical collar; apical collar with dense setae meeting medially and forming wick-like setal extension, curving ventrad; dorsal parameres slender, extending beyond apex of median lobe but not past apical collar, each with two subapical setae; apical digiform process present, bent ventrad near apex (Fig. 5D). Female. Identical to male. Biology. This species has been collected from Heteromeles (Toyon) and Salix (Willow) litter. Th e collecting sites occur near a native stand of Monterey Pine (Pinus radiata), and is along the coast near the town of Cambria. Collecting sites were in a rocky drainage, with sparse shrubby willow cover, facing and only a few hundred meters from the ocean, and on a shaded northeast facing slope under a very large toyon tree, with a dense understory of Rubus and Toxicodendron. Distribution. This species has been only collected from San Luis Obispo County, CA, in the University of California Rancho Marino Reserve (Fig. 6)., Published as part of Hopp, Katie & Caterino, Michael, 2009, Seven new species of Cephennium M��ller & Kunze (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae, Cephenniini) from California with a key to native North American species, pp. 31-54 in ZooKeys 24 (24) on pages 44-45, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.24.247, http://zenodo.org/record/576549

Cepehennium celsifrons Hopp & Caterino, sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FB4E5DDF-D621-4B8E-A233-E2956D8C66EB Figs 1B, 2B, 3B, 4A-B, 5B, 6 Type Material. Holotype. Male. ���CALIF: Calaveras Co.; 3.0 mi NW West Point [�� 38.4160��N, 120.5515��W]; 2250 ft., v.20.1976; berl.; litter, mixed hdwd.- Pinus -; Libocedrus ��� Abies; for.; A. Newton, M. Thayer ���/ ��� Cephennium sp. ♀; A. Newton det. 1978��� (FMNH). Paratypes (8): 1 specimen with same data as holotype (SBMN [gold coated for SEM]); ���CALIF: Calaveras; Co., 3mi NW West; Point 2250���; v.20.1976���/ ��� A. Newton; M. Thayer; collectors���/ ��� A. Newton; M. Th ayer; collectors��� (1 MCZC); ���CAL.: Calaveras Co.; 3 mi NE Glencoe 2000���; VI.25.1975 berl. litter,; oak ��� conifer forest away; from stream; A. Newton ���/ ��� Cephennium; A. Newton det. 1975��� (2 FMNH, females); ���3 miW Michigan Bar; Amador Co., Cal.; III-3-1971 ���/ ���ex Berlese-; oak duff���/ ���Fred G.; Andrews; collector��� (1 FMNH, male [disarticulated]); ���CALIF: Amador Co.; Pine Grove; IV-15-1972; Fred G Andrews���/ ���Berlesed; Oak; Litter��� (1 CSCA); ���CALIF: Amador Co.; 1 mi. W Pine Grove; II-14-1971; R. F. Wilkey; Ex. Rotten wood��� (1 CSCA); ��� Pine Grove; Amador Co., Cal.; IV.15.1972���/ ���Berlesed; from; Oak duff��� (1 CSCA [disarticulated]). Etymology. This species name is derived from the latin celsus (elevated or lofty) in combination with frons, in reference to the unique, prominent sexual dimorphism exhibited by the male. Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from all California congeners by the character combination of the presence of two ommatidia on each side of the head (Fig. 4A), the mesosternal process truncate at the apex (Fig. 2B), and the frons of the male with a median longitudinal ridge (Fig. 4B). Th e male frons structure is unique to this species. Cephennium celsifrons and C. mariposae are otherwise very similar but can be distinguished by the number of ommatidia present (2 vs. 4, respectively, Figs. 4A, C). Cephennium aridum has a single ommatidium on each side of the head (Fig. 4D), and no other species exhibit any traces of eyes. Description. Male. Length: 0.817 ���0.893 mm; pronotal width: 0.323 ���0.380 mm; elytral width: 0.380 ���0.418 mm. Body broad, ovate, slightly convex, rufo-testaceous to amber yellow, evenly densely pubescent, pubescence golden, slender, long, moderately decumbent (Fig. 1B). Head small, deflexed, sparsely pubescent, not narrowing anteriorly from antennal insertions; frons pinched medially forming a medial ridge (Fig. 4B); two ommatidia present on each side of the head (Fig. 4A). Antenna setose, antennomere I and II longer than broad, antennomeres III-VI quadrate and smaller than antennomeres II and VII, antennomere VIII smaller than antennomeres VII and IX, antennomeres IX-XI gradually clavate forming loose club. Pronotum densely pubescent, broadest between middle and anterior third, disc very convex medially and weakly flattened near each posterior angle; anterior margin not visible from above; anterior and posterior margin lacking marginal bead; marginal bead complete laterally, gradually widening towards base; lateral edge broadly rounded to posterior third, then evenly curved to base (Fig. 1B). Hypomeron smooth, sparsely setose towards upper quarter and along outside (lateral) edge, hypomeral bead anterolaterad procoxae sinuate. Prosternum without nodules anterolaterad procoxal cavities (Fig. 2B). Elytra impunctate, pubescent as pronotum, covering all abdominal segments, weakly truncate at apex; elytral suture flat; elytral striae absent; basomedial fovea present on each elytron, fovea small, with dense inwardly directed setae (Figs. 1B, 3B). Humeral angles of elytron raised, dorsally flattened (plateau-like), laterally rounded; weakly curved posterad around anterolateral angle (Fig. 3B). Scutellum roundly triangular, without setae (Fig 3B). Mesosternal keel setose with indentation around each seta; smooth in the posterior quarter portion, apex straight (Fig. 2B). Metathoracic wings vestigial. Femora strongly clavate in distal half, tibiae expanded and becoming more densely setose towards distal half. Six visible abdominal sternites (fusion between ventrites V and VI incomplete). Aedeagus with median lobe rather lightly sclerotized, bulbous and deeply emarginate at base; apex with keel-like median dorsal process and dorsally curved, apically convex digiform process extending over part of apical collar (Fig. 5B). Female. Identical to male except frons flat. Biology. This species has been collected from berlesed litters of oak, rotten wood, mixed oak/conifer, and mixed hardwood. This species apparently favors moist habitats. Distribution. This species has been collected in the mid-elevations of the central Sierra Nevada, from localities in Amador and Calaveras Counties (Fig. 6)., Published as part of Hopp, Katie & Caterino, Michael, 2009, Seven new species of Cephennium M��ller & Kunze (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae, Cephenniini) from California with a key to native North American species, pp. 31-54 in ZooKeys 24 (24) on pages 38-41, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.24.247, http://zenodo.org/record/576549

Platycerus oregonensis Westwood, 1844: 106. Fig. 5. USA: CA: Alameda, Contra Costa, El Dorado, Humboldt, Kern, Marin, Mariposa, Mendocino, Monterey, Napa, Nevada, San Luis Obispo, San Mateo, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Sierra, Sonoma, Trinity, Tuolumne. Also OR; WA. Canada: BC., Published as part of Paulsen, M. J. & Caterino, Michael, 2009, The Platycerus (Coleoptera, Lucanidae) of California, with the recognition of Platycerus cribripennis Van Dyke as a valid species, pp. 89-94 in ZooKeys 8 (8) on page 94, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.8.118, http://zenodo.org/record/576445

Platycerus Geoffroy, 1762: 62. Holarctic. Platycerus cribripennis Van Dyke, 1928: 107. Figs 1-3. USA: CA: Kern, Monterey, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara., Published as part of Paulsen, M. J. & Caterino, Michael, 2009, The Platycerus (Coleoptera, Lucanidae) of California, with the recognition of Platycerus cribripennis Van Dyke as a valid species, pp. 89-94 in ZooKeys 8 (8) on page 93, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.8.118, http://zenodo.org/record/576445, {"references":["Van Dyke EC (1928) Notes and descriptions of new species of Lucanidae and Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) from western North America. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 4: 105 - 113."]}

Platycerus cribripennis Van Dyke, 1928: 107; New Status. Original combination: Platycerus depressus cribripennis Van Dyke, 1928: 107. Holotype male (CASC), labeled: a) ���Tassajara. Cal. / Monterey Co. / V- 25 1920 / L. S. Slevin���; b) ���on alder / log, chop���d / it up but / none in.���; c) blue paper, ���L.S. Slevin / Collection���; d) bordered white label with red highlighted ��� Holotype ��� at left margin and ���[male symbol] / Platycerus / depressus / cribripennis / Van Dyke���; e) ��� California Academy / of Sciences / Type / No. ���/ [handprinted] ���2533���; f) ��� Platycerus cribripennis / Van Dyke, 1928 / det. MJ Paulsen 2008. Description, male (n=7) . Length: 12.7-14.7 mm. Width at humerus: 4.1-4.6 mm. Color: Black (Fig. 3). Head: Surface strongly alutaceous (microgranulate), irregularly punctate; puncture size variable from moderate to coarse; coarse punctures near eyes larger and more dense than in P. oregonensis or P. marginalis. Male majors with mandibles longer than head, upcurved, not evenly rounded externally; strong lateral tooth present on exterior near base; apex acute dorsally and ventrally blade-like with reduced dentition (multidentate in P. marginalis) and with dorsal subapical tooth small, obtuse. Male minors not seen. Antennal club with 4 tomentose antennomeres, basal antennomere of club (7 th antennomere) nearly as long as antennomeres 8-10. Antennomere 6 also slightly produced internally. Pronotum: Surface strongly alutaceous, punctate; punctures irregularly spaced, moderate in size. Elytra: Surface alutaceous but more strongly shining than pronotum, densely punctate; punctures irregular (striae obscured, only sutural stria weakly evident); surface around punctures appearing raised, subrugose. Male Genitalia: (Fig. 2). Basal part of median lobe rounded, distal portion produced into two lobes. Male internal sac permanently partially everted, unsclerotized; flagellum present, sclerotized (not membranous). Description, female (n=1) . Length: 13.6 mm. Width at humerus: 4.8 mm. Differs from male as follows: Head: Surface with punctation dense, punctures larger. Mandibles shorter than head, not upcurved, lacking external tooth, instead tridentate with acute apex, dorsal, and ventral teeth. Antennal club with 4 antennomeres, basal antennomere glabrous and much shorter than remaining antennomeres. Female Genitalia: not examined. Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from other Nearctic Platycerus by the following combination of characters: Th e black coloration and strongly alutaceous and/ or opaque dorsal surface is distinctive; the densely punctate elytra with obsolete discal striae and subrugose surface between punctures will immediately distinguish this species. The oblique, external tooth at the base of the male mandibles is unique among Nearctic Platycerus. Additionally, the male mandibles have a blade-like apex, whereas the apex is multidentate in P. marginalis, P. depressus, and P. virescens (Fabricius) and simply dentate in P. oregonensis. Th e antennal club of male P. cribripennis has the basal club antennomere not reduced and nearly as long as the three distal antennomeres; in males of P. oregonensis and P. virescens the basal club antennomere is reduced. Distribution (Fig. 1). Platycerus cribripennis is known only from California���s coastal mountains. Benesh���s assertion that other specimens were present from Yosemite and Oregon is certainly an error based on his failure to examine Van Dyke���s type. Specimens examined (8). CALIFORNIA: KERN (1): Bear Trap Canyon, Tejon Ranch (DCCC). MONTEREY (3): Jolon (FMNH); Tassajara Road, 1 mi S of China Camp (CASC, EMEC). SAN LUIS OBISPO (1): Morro Bay (EMEC). SANTA BAR- BARA (3): Cold Spring Canyon, Los Padres National Forest (SBMN, California Beetle Project database numbers CBP0048052, CBP0049001, and CBP0049002). Remarks. Platycerus cribripennis is one of the most infrequently collected species of stag beetles in North America, being known from only a few specimens from five localities. Th ere may be a need to examine the species��� geographically limited distribution in greater detail to ascertain whether or not it warrants conservation status. Th is is especially true where the known distribution intersects planned or on-going development., Published as part of Paulsen, M. J. & Caterino, Michael, 2009, The Platycerus (Coleoptera, Lucanidae) of California, with the recognition of Platycerus cribripennis Van Dyke as a valid species, pp. 89-94 in ZooKeys 8 (8) on pages 91-93, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.8.118, http://zenodo.org/record/576445, {"references":["Van Dyke EC (1928) Notes and descriptions of new species of Lucanidae and Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) from western North America. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 4: 105 - 113.","Paulsen MJ, Hawks DC (2008) Platyceroidini, a new tribe of North American stag beetles (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae). Insecta Mundi 0058: 1 - 2."]}