1. A case-control study of risk factors for death from 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1): is American Indian racial status an independent risk factor?
- Author
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Hennessy, T. W., Bruden, D., Castrodale, L., Komatsu, K., Erhart, L. M., Thompson, David, Bradley, K., O'Leary, D. R., McLaughlin, J., Landen, M., Bentley, Steve, Keck, James, Kitka, Sassa, Thompson, Gail, Fearey, Donna, Redwood, Diana, Craig, Jessica, Provost, Ellen, Robinson, Keisha, Noble, Rhonda, Burnsed, Laurence, Dougherty, Kendra, Lee, Anthony, McDonald-Hamm, Christie, Smithee, Laura, Williams, Jean, McClinton, Reginald, Tran, Annie, Redd, John, Cheek, James, Bryan, Ralph, Jhung, Michael, Tarkhashvili, Nato, Danila, Richard, Leman, Richard, Wells, Eden, Lofy, Kathy, and Miller, Tracy
- Subjects
Adult ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Epidemiology ,Article ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Influenza, Human ,Pandemic ,Health care ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Risk factor ,Young adult ,Child ,Pandemics ,Aged ,030505 public health ,business.industry ,pandemic ,Medical record ,Infant, Newborn ,Pandemic influenza ,Case-control study ,Infant ,Middle Aged ,United States ,Infectious Diseases ,Immunization ,Case-Control Studies ,Child, Preschool ,Indians, North American ,influenza ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Infectious disease epidemiology ,Demography - Abstract
SUMMARYHistorically, American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations have suffered excess morbidity and mortality from influenza. We investigated the risk factors for death from 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) in persons residing in five states with substantial AI/AN populations. We conducted a case-control investigation using pandemic influenza fatalities from 2009 in Alaska, Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Wyoming. Controls were outpatients with influenza. We reviewed medical records and interviewed case proxies and controls. We used multiple imputation to predict missing data and multivariable conditional logistic regression to determine risk factors. We included 145 fatal cases and 236 controls; 22% of cases were AI/AN. Risk factors (P < 0·05) included: older age [adjusted matched odds ratio (mOR) 3·2, for >45 years vs.
- Published
- 2015
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