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Figure S1. TAC variability induced by individual AIF for model #4 and set parameters: K1 = 0.07 mL/g/min, k2 = 0.14 min-1, k3 = 0.05 min-1, vb = 0.10. YS: younger subjects, OS: older subjects. Figure S2 TAC generated using average AIF for model #4 and set parameters: K1 = 0.07 mL/g/min, k2 = 0.14 min-1, k3 = 0.05 min-1, vb = 0.10. (PDF 257 kb)

Comme l’indique le titre de cet article, il s’agira ici d’aborder la double question du territoire et du quartier par le biais du concept d’habiter. La notion de quartier — qui relève à la fois de l’urbanisme, de la sociologie, de l’architecture, de l’histoire, de la géographie, etc. —, sera donc convoquée ainsi que la pratique liée à la fréquentation du quartier ; en l’occurrence, il s’agit ici d’une pratique flâneuse d’inspiration géopoétique. Cet article propose donc quelques réflexions sur un territoire : le quartier, à partir de la double perspective d’écrivain flâneur et de citoyen de la terre. As the title of the article says, we will talk here of the environment and of the neighborhood through the concept of living. The notion of neighborhood which means at the same time town planning, sociology, architecture, history, geography, etc. will deal with of being familiar with the neighborhood ; in other words, it means in here wondering about the place in a geopoetic mood. So we have here a few thoughts about an environment : the neighborhood from both views of wandering writer and citizen of the world

International audience; The multidisciplinary integrated approach of the INTERREG CHARM project (CHannel integrated Approach for marine Resource Management), between France and England, offers decision makers a status report of the English Channel ecosystem and a range of tools based on scientific knowledge for the sustainable management of living marine resources. The English Channel supports a large number of economically significant human activities, such as maritime traffic, fisheries, exploitation of marine resources or mineral resources, wind farms. Due to its environmental characteristics, the English Channel is indeed a crucial area for the life cycle of many marine species: it supports important spawning and nursery grounds, as well as being a significant migration channel between the Atlantic and the North Sea. Some of the marine habitats and living resources in this area play a key environmental role. One of the actions of CHARM project phase III was to describe the structure, composition and distribution of benthic invertebrates in this area. The benthos is a biological compartment of the ecosystem susceptible to be adversely affected by several human activities and may serve as accurate indicators of benthic habitat quality status and sensitivity (Figure 6). The aim of the present study is to draw a benthic sensitive habitat map, based on the Kostylev approach and to complete it with a functional approach. This kind of information may be relevant to both mitigate potential impacts of present human activities and plan future activities in this area. It may also prove useful to better understand the factors affecting the distribution of fishes and predict their evolution.

The definition and treatment of glucose intolerance during pregnancy are matters of intense controversy. Our goal was to examine the value of the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in terms of its ability to predict birth weight percentile in a group of women with singleton pregnancies who received minimal treatment for their glucose intolerance.We reviewed the results of OGTTs performed between 24 and 28 weeks' gestation in a group of 300 consecutive high-risk women (mean age 29.5 years [95% confidence interval, CI, 28.9-30.1]; parity 1.5 [95% CI 1.4-1.7]) whose plasma glucose level 1 hour after a randomly administered 50-g glucose load was 8.0 mmol/L or above. These data were compared with results for a randomly selected control group of 300 women whose plasma glucose level 1 hour after a 50-g glucose load was less than 8.0 mmol/L (mean age 28.0 years [95% CI 27.4-28.6]; parity 1.5 [95% CI 1.3-1.6]).For 76 (25.3%) of the 300 high-risk women, the plasma glucose level 2 hours after a 75-g glucose load (confirmatory OGTT) was 7.8 mmol/L or more, but only 6 of these were treated with insulin, which emphasizes the low level of intervention in this group. Thirty (10.0%) of the neonates in this group were large for gestational age (LGA; adjusted weight at or above the 90th percentile). This proportion did not significantly differ from the proportion for the control group (25 or 8.3%). After exclusion of the 6 insulin-treated women, simple correlations between birth weight percentile and fasting or 2-hour plasma glucose levels were very weak (r = 0.23 and 0.16 respectively; p0.01). The correlation between birth weight percentile and fasting or 2-hour plasma glucose persisted in a multiple regression analysis that included the following maternal variables: age, prepregnancy weight, weight gain during pregnancy, parity and smoking. In the multivariate models, the standardized coefficients for fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose levels were low (r = 0.19 [p0.001] and r = 0.13 [p = 0.02] respectively). These multivariate models could not explain more than 22% of the total variability in birth weight percentile.In this population of pregnant, untreated diabetic women, plasma glucose levels (either fasting or after various glucose loads) were independently but poorly correlated with birth weight; no more than 3% to 5% of birth weight variability could be explained by changes in glucose tolerance. Fasting plasma glucose was consistently but marginally better than the plasma glucose level 2 hours after 75-g glucose load for predicting LGA neonates. We conclude that neonatal macrosomia is influenced by variables that are largely independent of plasma glucose concentrations.

Ifremer carries out a yearly bottom trawl survey named Channel Ground Fish Survey (CGFS) in order to collect essential biological data on major exploited fish species in the Eastern Channel. These data are also provided to feed the indispensable historic series to the yearly assessment of resources. This report presents results of the CGFS surveys for 1997 and 1998, under two aspects : a multispecific approach of the biological assemblages and integrating an interannual analysis, then a monospecific analysis of 7 species of commercial interest, as whiting, pout, cod, red gurnard, plaice, black bream, red mullet., L’Ifremer réalise chaque année une campagne expérimentale de chalutage appelée CGFS (Channel Ground Fish Survey), pour collecter les données biologiques essentielles sur les principales espèces commerciales exploitées en Manche orientale, afin d’alimenter les séries historiques indispensables à l’évaluation annuelle des ressources. Ce rapport présente les résultats des campagnes CGFS pour les années 1997 et 1998 sous deux aspects : une approche multispécifique abordant la richesse, l’abondance, les assemblages biologiques et intégrant une analyse interannuelle, puis une analyse monospécifique faisant le point sur 7 espèces d’intérêt commercial, comme le merlan, le tacaud, la morue, le grondin rouge, la plie, le griset et le rouget barbet.

Since 1988, the IFREMER Fisheries Resources Laboratory in Boulogne-sur-Mer is carrying out a pluriannual project in the Eastern Channel to estimate, directly and by age groups, the abundance and the recruitment of species of commercial interest. These data are obtained during an annual trawl survey (taking place in October) which gives indications about the fish populations distribution and allows to get biological informations needed for stock assessments. The present study aimed to analyse the distribution and the abundance of whiting (Merlangius merlangus). In the Channel, this species is one of the most exploited by the French small-scale fishery. The results showed that the whiting distribution was mainly restricted to shallow waters in October and abundance indexes, which showed the wide fluctuations of the recruitment, illustrated the usefulness of this survey to assess Channel stocks., Le laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques de l'lFREMER de Boulogne-sur-Mer mène, depuis 1988, en Manche orientale, un programme pluriannuel d'estimation directe du recrutement et des abondances par classe d'âge des espèces démersales d'intérêt commercial. Ces campagnes de chalutage de fond, toujours effectuées durant le mois d'octobre, ont permis de décrire la distribution des peuplements ichtyologiques et de collecter les informations biologiques indispensables à l'évaluation ds principaux stocks. Les résultats présentés portent sur la répartition géographique et l'abondance du merlan (Merlangius merlangus) qui réprésente l'une des principales espèces exploitées par la pêche artisanale française de la Manche. La distribution du merlan est très côtière en octobre, et les indices d'abondance font apparaître des variations importantes du recrutement, démontrant ainsi l'utilité des campagnes de chalutage pluriannuelles.

The eastern English Channel, which connects the Atlantic Ocean to the North Sea through the Dover Strait, is an area where numerous and often conflicting human activities take place. A cross-border multidisciplinary project called CHARM was initiated to provide knowledge and tools for planners and decision-makers to durably manage the shared marine living resources. One such tool was an atlas of fish spatial distributions and modelled habitats, which was used here to investigate ontogenic and seasonal shifts in fish spatial distribution and habitat through a case-study, the dab Limanda limanda. Survey data for several life-history stages (eggs, larvae, coastal nurseries, < and > 1 year old) and seasons were used to map spatial patterns (using geostatistics), and model potential habitats (using regression quantiles) based on environmental predictors. Habitat models were generally consistent with surveyed spatial patterns and helped explaining dab response to its environment. Dab response to hydrological parameters (e.g., temperature, salinity) was more variable (depending on the life stages and seasons considered) than response to physical parameters (e.g., depth, bed shear stress, seabed sediment type). The results of this work contribute to a better understanding of this species spatial ecology in the eastern English Channel.