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We present a review of the genus Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) of Mexico and Mesoamerica in which 11 species are recognized, including: X. clarionenis, X. fimbriata, X. frontalis, X. gualanensis, X. mexicanorum, X. nautlana, X. ocellaris, X. sonorina, X. wilmattae. Additionally, two new species are described, X. griswoldi sp. nov. with distribution in the United States and Mexico, and X. maya sp. nov. present in Mexico and Belize. Three species groups within the subgenus Neoxylocopa are recognized: frontalis, mexicanorum and sonorina. Identification keys are presented for identifying species groups and species. Furthermore, images of species and morphological structures as well as information regarding distribution are provided.

Background: Childhood cancer is a “stressful experience” for parents in their role as caregivers. The aim of this study is to analyze the needs of a group of parents who have children diagnosed with cancer. The assessment looks at all areas of their daily life using a qualitative content analysis approach. Methods: This study uses open questions designed to investigate the main problems faced by the parents of children with cancer. All the answers were analyzed using MAXQDA 20 software. The study was conducted according to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ). Results: The content analysis of the answers from 13 mothers and 7 fathers is presented. The main themes as priority areas of need were: “informal social support”, “coping”, “stressors/imbalances” and “health problems”. Dissatisfaction with the support provided from the informal network was detected. Although the participants expressed active coping, they also exhibited helplessness, as well as concerns regarding possible sequelae and the impact of this situation on the family’s economic/work context. Conciliation problems were a source of stress. All this is consistent with the participants suffering from a variety of health issues. Conclusions: the results show the effect of childhood cancer on different aspects of family life. They provide essential information for designing psychosocial interventions.

Myrmecophilous butterflies can establish complex symbiotic relationships with ants. A caterpillar wandering among the brood of the aggressive ponerine ant Neoponera villosa was found inside the core of a nest built in the myrmecophytic bromeliad Aechmea bracteata. This is the first caterpillar found living inside a ponerine ant nest. Its DNA barcode was sequenced, and an integrative approach was used to identify it as Pseudonymphidia agave, a poorly known member of the subtribe Pachythonina in the riodinid tribe Nymphidiini. The cuticle of the tank-like caterpillar lacks projections or tubercles and is covered dorsally by specialized flat setae that form an armor of small plates. Ant-organs potentially related to caterpillar-ant signaling, such as perforated cupola organs and tentacle nectary organs, are present. These morphological traits, together with evidence of social integration (direct contact with host brood, protective morphology, slow movement, no host aggressiveness), suggest that P. agave is a symbiotic, social parasite of N. villosa, preying on its host brood. However, several knowledge gaps remain, including oviposition site, dependence on bromeliad association, steps to colony integration, and larval diet through development. Carnivory has been reported in all known members of the subtribe Pachythonina (caterpillars prey on honeydew-producing hemipterans) suggesting a shift to myrmecophagy inside the ant nests as a possible evolutionary transition.

BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing intestinal urinary diversion (IUD) may have a higher risk of osteoporosis and risk of fractures due to metabolic acidosis and decrease of intestinal absorption surface. OBJECTIVE: We performed a systematic review of the available literature on the impact of IUD on bone demineralization. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed®, for original articles published before April 2020. Primary end points were the risk of fracture and loss of bone density. Secondary outcomes were the metabolic changes in biochemical and urine parameters related to calcium metabolism and histological changes. RESULTS: Our electronic search identified a total of 2417 articles. After a detailed review, we selected 11 studies that addressed the impact of IUD on bone health in 10369 patients. The risk of bone fracture was studied in 3 articles, showing a higher risk in the IUD population. Of the 9 articles evaluating the relation between intestinal urinary diversion and bone density, 5 did find a positive association. One article evaluated the bone metabolism at a cellular level after IUD showing a decrease in bone turnover in this population. Three of the eight studies reporting data on serum parameters related to calcium and phosphate metabolism showed differences. Finally, a correlation between concentration of pyridolines in urine and loss of bone density was found in two of the three studies. CONCLUSIONS: Although published data on BMD are contradictory, patients undergoing IUD seem to be at higher risk of bone fractures. Our finding support the need to implement accessible strategies on osteoporosis screening and prevention in IUD patients.

Initial reports of a clinical response in patients treated with the radioligand [177Lu]-PSMA-617 for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are promising, despite known inter- and intrapatient heterogeneity. In metastatic CRPC, we examined the association of baseline immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in a single lesion and responsiveness to [177Lu]-PSMA-617 therapy, measured as the PSMA maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax). Between 2015 and 2020, 19 patients with multiple metastases underwent single-lesion biopsy, [68Ga]-PSMA positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, and treatment with [177Lu]-PSMA-617. A monoclonal anti-PSMA antibody was used to semiquantitatively assess PSMA IHC in the biopsy specimen. Imaging evaluation of the biopsied single lesion and overall response was performed according to Positron Emission Tomography Response Criteria in Solid Tumors. The PSMA IHC histoscore correlated positively with pretreatment same-site PSMA SUVmax (rs = 0.6). Nine patients had imaging after three cycles of [177Lu]-PSMA-617 and were included in the lesion-specific analysis. Of these, five patients (55.6%) had an SUVmax response at the biopsy site, but three experienced overall progression. The histoscore was unable to predict the lesion-specific change in SUVmax (95% confidence interval [CI] −44.2 to 69.2) or PSA (95% CI−125.2 to 17.2). There was no correlation between single-lesion SUVmax and overall progression (rs = 0.1) on [68Ga]-PSMA PET imaging. Additional studies need to interrogate the clinical consequence of PSMA expression heterogeneity in metastases and the association with response to [177Lu]-PSMA-671. Patient summary Treatment with a radioactive binding molecule called [177Lu]-PSMA-617 for men with prostate cancer resistant to castration (CRPC) is showing promise. We investigated the association between the presence of PSMA protein in metastatic lesions at biopsy and response to [177Lu]-PSMA-617 among men with metastatic CRPC. We found that assessment of PSMA presence at biopsy is not a reliable predictor of response to [177Lu]-PSMA-617. Additional studies are needed to better determine which CRPC metastatic sites will respond to this therapy.

High diversity, complex topography and geological factors make the Neotropics an interesting region for the study of avian diversification. Phylogeography, in conjunction with ecological niche modeling, offers an interesting complementary approach to identify the tempo and mode of diversification in different species. In this work, we analyzed the genetic structure of Habia fuscicauda based on multilocus analyses using mtDNA (ND2 and ND4) and nuDNA (ACOI-I9 and ODC) sequences. Additionally, we transferred the optimal conditions for current distribution to the Mid-Holocene, Last Glacial Maximum and the Last Inter-Glacial in order to evaluate the shift in species distribution and compare with the genetic data. Our results indicate that H. fuscicauda comprises two clades: one with genetic correspondence to south-east Mexico to the Nicaragua Depression and the other from the south of the Nicaragua Depression to Central Panama. Within these clades, we identified genetic differentiation between populations across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Costa Rica—associated with the Talamanca Cordillera—and Central Panama. The two principal clades showed contrasting demographic histories, with the northern clade showing demographic changes and the southern clade demographic stasis. The ecological niche models identified areas as refugia for the northern clade fin Central America and for the southern clade in the Talamanca Cordillera and Central Panama, supporting the hypothesis that these clades were isolated from each other during the climate shifts of the Pleistocene.

Background: Childhood cancer is a disease with a psychosocial impact on parents who experience health problems and distress. Their reactions depend on the relationship of multiple factors. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the interrelationships between flourishing and the variables linked to the health and wellbeing of parents of children with cancer. Methods: Mothers/fathers of children with cancer participated in an exploratory study in response to a series of questionnaires. Likert-type scales were used to measure perceived health, wellbeing, flourishing, stress, coping, and social support. Results: Out of a total of 94 children, 138 parents (60 men/78 women) are represented. Participants show physical symptoms and an unstable coping pattern. A path analysis model is presented. As to the goodness of adjustment of the statistics used, good results were obtained. Flourishing tends to coexist with wellbeing, while flourishing coexists negatively with symptoms. There is an indirect relationship between flourishing and poor health. There is a positive relationship between flourishing and coping, as well as between flourishing and satisfaction with the support received (especially from sons/daughters). This support was negatively related to the subjective health report. Conclusions: Flourishing is shown as a healthy coping strategy. The results can enrich the development of psychosocial interventions aimed at promoting adequate adaptation.

Our research focuses on demonstrating the existence of cryptic species named under Biblis aganisa Boisduval. We used COI sequences to delimit Biblis species for Mexico using species delimitation analyses and examined phylogenetic relationships with sequences from Mexico, Costa Rica, Argentina, USA, and Guana Island using a Bayesian inference tree. We performed a discriminant analysis with quantitative traits using female and male wing and genitalia, and a tree of maximum parsimony based on 39 qualitative characters of wings, head, and male genitalia. The results were congruent in the three analyses. Three groups were formed based on DNA, ECO 01 + DHJ02, ECO 02 + DHJ01, and ECO 03. The characters that contributed over 50% separation were for wings: wing length, anal margin length, and distance from the band to the outer margin; for male genitalia, angle of the integument, uncus, and the length of the hypandrium, while for females, it was the angle of the anteapophysis and the length of the abdomen. For the analysis of qualitative characters, a tree of maximum parsimony was obtained where 20 characters were informative. We confirmed the existence of three cryptic Biblis species in Mexico, two not yet described, and one corresponding to B. aganisa (ECO 02), which is sympatric in Oaxaca and Sinaloa (ECO 03) and in the Yucatan Peninsula (ECO 01).

Myrmecophilous butterflies can establish complex symbiotic relationships with ants. An elusive symbiotic caterpillar wandering among the brood of the aggressive ponerine ant, Neoponera villosa, was found inside the core of a nest built in the myrmecophytic bromeliad Aechmea bracteata. This is the first caterpillar found in symbiosis with a species of the subfamily Ponerinae. Tissue sample was barcoded, and an integrative approach was used to identify it as Pseudonymphidia agave, a poorly known Pachythonina member in the riodinid myrmecophilous tribe Nymphidiini. The caterpillar has a general tank-like body morphology, without projections or tubercles, and is covered dorsally by specialized flat setae that form an armor of small plates. Ant-organs potentially related to the caterpillar-ant signaling, such as perforated cupola organs and tentacle nectary organs, are present. These functional traits, together with the stable social integration, suggest that P. agave is a specialized social parasite of N. villosa. However, several knowledge gaps remain, notably the oviposition site, dependence on bromeliad association, steps to colony integration, and the larval diet through ontogeny. Carnivory has been reported in all known members of the Pachythonina subtribe (caterpillars prey on honeydew-producing hemipterans), and a shift to myrmecophagy inside the ant nests is a possible evolutionary step.

In the Yucatan Peninsula, the ponerine ant Neoponera villosa nests almost exclusively in tank bromeliads, Aechmea bracteata. In this study, we aimed to determine the factors influencing nest site selection during nest relocation which is regularly promoted by hurricanes in this area. Using ants with and without previous experience of Ae. bracteata, we tested their preference for refuges consisting of Ae. bracteata leaves over two other bromeliads, Ae. bromeliifolia and Ananas comosus. We further evaluated bromeliad-associated traits that could influence nest site selection (form and size). Workers with and without previous contact with Ae. bracteata significantly preferred this species over others, suggesting the existence of an innate attraction to this bromeliad. However, preference was not influenced by previous contact with Ae. bracteata. Workers easily discriminated between shelters of Ae. bracteata and A. comosus, but not those of the closely related Ae. bromeliifolia. In marked contrast, ants discriminated between similar sized Ae. bracteata and Ae. bromeliifolia plants, suggesting that chemical cues and plant structure play an important role. Size was also significant as they selected the largest plant when provided two dissimilar Ae. bracteata plants. Nest site selection by N. villosa workers seems to depend on innate preferences but familiarization with plant stimuli is not excluded.

To evaluate the concordance rate of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and variant histology (VH) of transurethral resection (TUR) with radical cystectomy (RC) specimens. Furthermore, to evaluate the value of LVI and VH at TUR for predicting non-organ confined (NOC) disease, lymph node metastasis, and survival outcomes. Two hundred and sixty-eight patients who underwent TUR and subsequent RC were reviewed. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association of LVI and VH with NOC and lymph node metastasis at RC. Cox regression analyses were used to estimate recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). LVI and VH were detected in 13.8 and 11.2% of TUR specimens, and in 30.2 and 25.4% of RC specimens, respectively. The concordance rate between LVI and VH at TUR and subsequent RC was 69.8 and 83.6%, respectively. They were both associated with adverse pathological features such as lymph node metastasis and advanced stage. TUR LVI and VH were both independently associated with lymph node metastasis and TUR VH was independently associated with NOC. On univariable Cox regression analyses, TUR LVI was associated with RFS and CSS while TUR VH was only associated with RFS. Only TUR LVI was independently associated with RFS. Detection of LVI is missed in a third of TUR specimens while VH seems more accurately identified. TUR LVI and VH are associated with more advanced disease and LVI predicts disease recurrence. Assessment and reporting of LVI and VH on TUR specimen are important for risk stratification and decision-making.

In the Yucatan Peninsula, the ponerine ant Neoponera villosa nests almost exclusively in tank bromeliads, Aechmea bracteata. In this study, we aimed to determine the factors influencing nest site selection during nest relocation which is regularly promoted by hurricanes in this area. Using ants with and without previous experience of Ae. bracteata, we tested their preference for refuges consisting of Ae. bracteata leaves over two other bromeliads, Ae. bromeliifolia and Ananas comosus. We further evaluated bromeliad-associated traits that could influence nest site selection (form and size). Workers with and without previous contact with Ae. bracteata significantly preferred this species over others, suggesting the existence of an innate attraction to this bromeliad. However, preference was not influenced by previous contact with Ae. bracteata. Workers easily discriminated between shelters of Ae. bracteata and A. comosus, but not those of the closely related Ae. bromeliifolia. In marked contrast, ants discriminated between similar sized Ae. bracteata and Ae. bromeliifolia plants, suggesting that chemical cues and plant structure play an important role. Size was also significant as they selected the largest plant when provided two dissimilar Ae. bracteata plants. Nest site selection by N. villosa workers seems to depend on innate preferences but familiarization with plant stimuli is not excluded.

ObjetivoIdentificar los especímenes de un grupo problema a través de las secuencias del gen mitocondrial Citocromo Oxidasa I (COI), establecidos como los Códigos de Barras de la Vida a través de un análisis filogenético (Máxima Verosimilitud -MV-), un análisis de distancias por unión de vecinos (Neighbor Joining -NJ-) y mediante el cálculo de porcentajes de divergencia genética.

ObjetivoIdentificar los especímenes de un grupo problema a través de las secuencias del gen mitocondrial Citocromo Oxidasa I (COI), establecidos como los Códigos de Barras de la Vida a través de un análisis filogenético (Máxima Verosimilitud -MV-), un análisis de distancias por unión de vecinos (Neighbor Joining -NJ-) y mediante el cálculo de porcentajes de divergencia genética.

ObjetivoIdentificar los especímenes de un grupo problema a través de las secuencias del gen mitocondrial Citocromo Oxidasa I (COI), establecidos como los Códigos de Barras de la Vida a través de un análisis filogenético (Máxima Verosimilitud -MV-), un análisis de distancias por unión de vecinos (Neighbor Joining -NJ-) y mediante el cálculo de porcentajes de divergencia genética.

We studied the chorionic morphology of six species of Hamadryas , and together with previous studies, we compared our results with previously published phylogenies for the genus. Samples were obtained from 19 females collected between 2013 and 2017 whose abdomens were sectioned and preserved for later dissection. Eggs were extracted from those dissections and used for the descriptions and illustrations of the chorion. The Hamadryas egg is of the globose type; it is quasi-spheroidal and has multiple polygonal grids with differentiation in specific zones/regions, and knolls with macrocells in their summits that arise in the apical third. These characteristics are very different from those found in the majority of Biblidinae and for those reported in the literature for Batesia and Panacea , which belong to the same subtribe as Hamadryas (Ageroniina, now Ageroniini). Chorionic characters support a previously suggested division of the genus ( februa, feronia and laodamia groups) and they agree with the phylogenetic proposal based on morphological characters. Our study expands previous morphological work focused on this genus and compiles all the information available to date about the exochorion of Hamadryas, which now includes data for 10 species and that of Ectima thecla thecla, the putative sister group of Hamadryas .

Purpose of review Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) programs are multimodal and interdisciplinary protocols, which aim to accelerate patient recovery and improve surgical outcomes through standardized perioperative care. In this review, we summarized the items included in most currently utilized protocols for patients undergoing radical cystectomy and we discussed the reported outcomes after the implementation. Recent findings Current protocols are mostly extrapolated from the colorectal surgery literature, and solid evidence in radical cystectomy is limited. Moreover, the items included in the protocols differ between countries and institutions, which make it difficult to quantify the individual contribution of each intervention to the overall effect of the ERAS program. Length of hospital stay (LOS), commonly used as a surrogate outcome of perioperative recovery, is reported to be lower for patients who benefited from an ERAS protocol. Complications and readmission rates showed no benefit to the ERAS protocols in most studies. Summary Although randomized controlled trials are needed to determinate the effect of the different items on patient recovery and the overall impact of ERAS program, available data support these protocols for patients undergoing radical cystectomy leading to a shorter LOS without increasing readmission or complication rates.

5065 Background: The recent introduction of Lu-177 PSMA for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has been met with much excitement. Initial reports of clinical response are promising, despite known inter- and intra-patient molecular heterogeneity. In this study, we examined the utility of PSMA protein expression in metastatic tumor tissues as a predictor of lesion-specific response to Lu-177 PSMA therapy in men with CRPC. Methods: Between 2015-2020, 19 patients with metastases at multiple sites underwent metastatic lesion biopsy, Ga-68 PSMA PET imaging, and subsequent treatment with three cycles of Lu-177 PSMA. A monoclonal anti-PSMA antibody (EPITOMICS (USA), 1:50) was used to semi-quantitatively assess PSMA protein expression in the biopsy specimen. The histoscore (range 0-300) was derived from intensity and extent of the immunohistochemistry staining and was determined by experienced genitourinary pathologists. Imaging evaluation was performed according to the Positron Emission Tomography Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST) criteria. We assessed the association of the PSMA protein expression in metastatic tumor tissues and the lesion-specific response to Lu-177 PSMA therapy. Results: In 12 patients with biopsy specimens available for staining, PSMA expression correlated with enhancement (SUVmax) of the biopsy site on Ga-68 PSMA PET imaging (rs = 0.63). Of the nine patients with repeat imaging after Lu-177 PSMA therapy, five (55.6%) had a lesion-specific response at the site of biopsy. PSMA expression on immunohistochemistry was unable to accurately predict lesion-specific response in univariable analysis (p = 0.81, 95% CI 94.6-76.6). Among the five men with a lesion-specific response, three (60%) experienced overall progression based on PERCIST. There was no association between lesion-specific response and overall progression (p = 0.64). Conclusions: In patients with multiple metastases, PSMA protein expression from a single site biopsy was not predictive of site-specific Lu-177 PSMA response based on PERCIST. Additional studies are necessary to further interrogate the clinical consequence of PSMA expression heterogeneity in metastatic sites as well as the mechanisms underpinning resistance to Lu-177 PSMA in patients with CRPC.

DNA barcoding regions have been used for identifying organisms and delimiting species. Our research focused on butterflies belonging to the Enantia jethys species complex (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in Mexico, specifically to resolve the taxonomic problem of the number of species in the group. We used the standard segment of approximately 650 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Our study is the first to use DNA sequences to examine phylogenetic relationships of this complex species. Three phylogenetic inference methods used were parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference. Twospecies delimitation methods also were used: generalized mixed Yule-coalescent and Poisson tree process (bPTP). We used all the analyses to obtain 155 COI sequences and a persistent clade with four monophyletic groups: three corresponding to Enantia albania (Bates), Enantia jethys (Boisduval), and Enantia mazai Llorente, and a fourth corresponding to a new potential cryptic species, which must be described.

ResumenSe evaluó si la coloración de las Nymphalidae frugívoras es un indicador de las unidades del paisaje. Se consideraron 4 condiciones de matriz agropecuaria (vegetación secundaria madura, vegetación secundaria joven, pastizales y cercos vivos) comparadas con 4 unidades de bosque (referente ecológico), en Tenosique, Tabasco, México. En cada unidad de paisaje se establecieron 10 trampas Van Someren-Rydon durante 5 días, aplicando 4 repeticiones. Se identificaron 63 especies, 58 en la matriz agropecuaria y 42 en el referente ecológico. Treinta y siete especies son compartidas, 21 asociadas a áreas agropecuarias y 5 solo del referente ecológico. La estructura de la vegetación afectó la abundancia y composición, pero no la riqueza de mariposas. Las comunidades de la matriz agropecuaria difirieron>75% respecto al referente ecológico. Hubo correlación entre el color y el hábitat preferencial. Los patrones tigre y transparente (Danainae) se encontraron en el dosel cerrado. Con excepción de Adelpha (Limenitidinae) y las de color corteza (Biblidinae), las demás utilizan ampliamente el paisaje, destacando el tipo Hamadryas asociado a ambientes abiertos. El mosaico del paisaje estudiado de remanentes de bosque asociados a una matriz agropecuaria arbolada favorece la conservación del gremio de lepidópteros y mantiene una alta diversidad de las Nymphalidae frugívoras.AbstractWe evaluated the use of coloring of frugivorous Nymphalidae as an indicator of landscape units. Four environmental matrices were taken into consideration (old secondary vegetation, young secondary vegetation, pasture and live fences) and compared to four forest units (ecological reference), in Tenosique, Tabasco, México. In each landscape unit we set up 10 Van Someren-Rydon traps for 5 days, replicating the sampling 4 times. In total 63 species were identified, with 58 in the agricultural matrix and 42 in forested units. Of the total, 37 species were shared, 21 associated to agricultural areas and 5 to the forest units. The structure of the vegetation affected the species abundance and composition, but not the butterfly richness. The communities of butterflies in pasture lands and in fallows differ>75% of those of the forest units. There was correlation between color and preferential habitat. Tiger and transparent patterns (Danainae) prefer the closed canopy. Excepting Adelpha (Limenitidinae,) and those with bark colour (Biblidinae), all others are widely distributed in the landscape, particularly the Hamadryas type were associated with open environments. The landscape resulting from management, where forest remnants are mixed with agricultural plots and secondary vegetation in various stages of succession, seems to favor the conservation of Lepidoptera and to maintain a high diversity of frugivorous Nymphalidae.

Active surveillance (AS) seems to be a cost-effective strategy. However, most publications are based on simulation models of theoretical cohorts, and long-term implications are not usually considered. To assess the real cost differences of two cohorts of men with low-risk prostate cancer (PCa) treated with AS or laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) in a public health system. Patients diagnosed from 2005 to 2009 were included in an AS program (Group 1) or treated with LRP at diagnosis (Group 2), with a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Actual costs for each patient were calculated on an individual basis: Group 1: semiannual PSA measurements and repeat biopsies are scheduled every 1–3 years. Costs of outpatient clinic visits were calculated, as well as all tests required for monitoring or active treatment. Group 2: costs of the procedure, emergency visits, re-admissions and outpatient clinic visits were calculated, as well as costs of oncological salvage therapies or functional surgical procedures. Out of 151 men diagnosed with low-risk PC, 54 (35.8%) were included in an AS (Group 1) and 97 (64.2%) were submitted to LRP (Group 2). Mean follow-up for both groups was 6.5 years (SD 1.8) and 6.7 years (SD 1.4), respectively, p = 0.49. Group 1 had a total cost per patient of 2970.47€. Group 2 had a total cost per patient of 5694.06€. AS was associated with cost-saving over LRP. This cost reduction of AS in the management of low-risk PCa is based on the accounting of real costs of individual patients and confirms previously published estimation-based reports.

The interest in the study of flourishing is due to the fact that it has been proven that it contributes to a good adjustment to the demands of the environment, relating to indicators of health and well-being. There are many researches that have tried to find out what dimensions make it up. The goal of this study is to validate the Spanish Version of The Flourishing Scale (FS), being the first time it is applied to Spanish parents of children with cancer. A total of 138 parents of children with cancer participated in a semi-structured interview. Through IBM SPSS and Winsteps descriptive analyzes and the internal consistency of the FS were calculated. Rasch analysis was used to study the dimensionality of the scale, the adjustment of each one of the items, the reliability values for the items and for the people, the validity of the construct, the functioning of the response categories, and the differential item functioning (DIF). The external construct validity of the FS was examined with associated measures. Results found that parents indicated a flourishing attitude (M = 3.85; sd = 0.63). We confirm that the FS maintains an adequate internal consistency and a unidimensional structure. We observed a good alignment between the question and the person's abilities as soon as a high reliability for the items. Although the sample is large enough to corroborate the difficulty hierarchy of the items, the construct validity could be improved by introducing items of moderate and high difficulty. On the other hand, the answer category 3 overlaps with the 2 and 4, so we propose possible solutions. Regarding a possible DIF, this exists in relation to “gender,” “level of education” and “by the situation with respect to treatment.” Finally, the convergent validity of the FS is demonstrated, there being a significant correlation with well-being, satisfaction with social support and coping. In general, the results show adequate psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the FS, so we recommend integrating it in psychosocial interventions aimed at parents of children with cancer, in order to provide them with resources to deal with the disease.

ResumenEste estudio presenta la fauna de mariposas en la selva mediana subcaducifolia de la zona sur, municipio de Tzucacab, del estado de Yucatán. Durante la temporada de lluvias, entre mayo y octubre de 2012 se recolectaron mariposas en 18 sitios. Se obtuvo un total de 1,035 individuos pertenecientes a 6 familias, 82 géneros y 99 especies; 4 especies representan nuevos registros para Yucatán. La familia Nymphalidae fue la más diversa con el mayor número de especies (42), seguida de Hesperiidae (19), Lycaenidae (13) y Pieridae (13), mientras que Riodinidae y Papilionidae tuvieron menor número (7 y 5, respectivamente). Las mariposas presentaron principalmente el hábito alimenticio nectarívoro (41.4%) y en menor porcentaje el acimófago (19.2%) e hidrófilo (1%); el 38.3% presentaron más de un tipo de hábito alimenticio. La riqueza de mariposas encontrada en esta área de estudio corresponde al 28.5% de las especies registradas para Yucatán.AbstractA faunal butterfly study was conducted in a semi-deciduous tropical forest of Tzucacab, to the south of the state of Yucatán. During the rainy season, from May to October 2012, butterflies were collected at 18 sites. A total of 1,035 individuals belonging to 6 families, 82 genera and 99 species were obtained, of which 4 species are new records for the State of Yucatán. The family Nymphalidae was the most diverse with 42 species, followed by Hesperiidae (19), Lycaenidae (14) and Pieridae (13). The less diverse families were Riodinidae (7) and Papilionidae (5). The butterflies were mainly nectarivorous (41.4%), in less percentage yeast-feeding (19.2%) and mud-puddling (1%); 38.3% had more than one feed habit. Species richness of butterflies found in this area corresponds to 28.5% of the species recorded for Yucatán.

ResumenEl propósito de esta investigación es analizar las repercusiones psicosociales que genera el cáncer infantil en los progenitores. Para ello, se han estudiado variables ligadas a síntomas físicos y psicológicos y el papel del apoyo social percibido sobre la salud. La muestra está compuesta por 51 padres pertenecientes a una asociación de familias afectadas de Almería (España), que respondieron a un cuestionario semiestructurado enviado por correo postal. Aunque los progenitores manifiestan fundamentalmente síntomas de cansancio, dolores de cabeza y nerviosismo, no se observan valores especialmente negativos respecto a su salud percibida y su satisfacción con la vida. Existen relaciones significativas entre el estrés ante situaciones asociadas a la enfermedad y la salud y el bienestar de los participantes. El apoyo social percibido del núcleo familiar incide significativamente en la salud. Los análisis de regresión permiten contrastar la relevancia de las variables asociadas al estrés y el apoyo de la pareja y de los hijos sobre la percepción de síntomas y bienestar. Estos resultados destacan la importancia de seguir analizando los factores psicosociales que afectan a las familias afectadas con la finalidad de favorecer su adaptación a la enfermedad y minimizar el impacto que esta puede tener en la salud.AbstractThe purpose of this study is to analyze the psychosocial impact on parents generated by childhood cancer. An evaluation was carried out in variables related to physical and psychological symptoms, and the role of perceived social support in their health. The sample consisted of 51 parents that belonged to an association of affected families from Almeria (Spain), who answered a semi-structured questionnaire sent by post. Although these parents showed fatigue, headaches and nervousness, they did not particularly give negative scores for perceived health and satisfaction with life. There are significant differences between stressful situations related to this illness and health and well-being of participants. Perceived social support of the family unit has a significant impact on health. Regression analyses allow contrasting the relevance of the variables associated with stress and social support of the parents and children on the perception of symptoms and well-being. These results indicate the importance of continuing to analyze in depth the psychosocial factors that have an impact on the families affected, in order to facilitate their adaptation to the disease and minimize the impact it may have on health.

Mucormycosis is usually an acute angioinvasive infections, which leads to non-suppurative necrosis and significant tissue damage. It represents 1.6% of all the invasive fungal infections and predominates in immunosuppressed patients with risk factors. Incidence has been significantly increased even in immunocompetent patients. Due to finding a case of disseminated mucormycosis caused by Rhizomucor pusillus in a young immunocompetent patient, a systematic review was carried out of reported cases in PubMed of mucormycosis in immunocompetent adults according to the main anatomic locations, and especially in disseminated cases. A review of the main risk factors and pathogenicity, clinical manifestations, techniques of early diagnosis, current treatment options, and prognosis is presented. Taxonomy and classification of the genus Mucor has also been reviewed.

Introducción. El sexismo y las actitudes sexistas en la adolescencia pueden desencadenar en violencia de género. Resulta fundamental, por tanto, analizar estas variables a edades tempranas (aulas de Secundaria), cara a una futura intervención.Método. La muestra objeto de estudio está formada por 962 estudiantes de Enseñanza Secundaria. Los instrumentos de medida utilizados sirven al propósito de evaluar las variables objeto de estudio, tanto en la muestra de hombres como en la correspondiente a las mujeres.Resultados. Se han encontrado niveles medios-altos de sexismo tanto en chicos como en chicas. Además, los chicos manifiestan más actitudes sexistas que las chicas y son más proclives a diferenciar a las personas por roles de género.Discusión y Conclusión. Los resultados encontrados muestran la necesidad de llevar a cabo programas de educación no sexista. Así, la Escuela puede ser un elemento de cambio y con-tribuir a la transformación social en beneficio de la igualdad de género y la no-violencia hacia las mujeres.

Understanding patterns in plant and herbivorous insect diversity across spatial and temporal scales is fundamental to ecology, but comparative multi-taxonomic studies in tropical seasonally dry forests remain scarce. In 36 sites, distributed over three forest age classes (5–10 y, 10–30 y, >100 y) and three seasonal forest types (dry, intermediate, humid), we sampled plants of different stem diameter classes while caterpillars were sampled across vertically distributed forest layers during three seasons over the year. We recorded 299 plant species and 485 caterpillar morphospecies. For large woody plants, species numbers showed a gradually increasing trend with forest age in the intermediate and humid forest types, while the main portion of explained variation in overall species turnover was accounted for by the forest type × forest age interaction (21.3–23.1% of 44.4–48.7%). Ordinations and multivariate pairwise comparisons suggested a faster but also very distinct successional development of species diversity of large plants in the driest compared with humid and intermediate forest types. In contrast, highest species numbers of small plants in the undergrowth was often found in the 5–10 y-old vegetation across forest types, whereas forest type was the major factor in overall species turnover (contributing 24.2% of 48.7% explained variation). Caterpillar species turnover was most correlated to species turnover of small plants; however, variation in caterpillar species diversity appears to be mostly regulated by seasonal cues, and to a lesser extent by patterns of regional turnover and local diversity of undergrowth plant species.

Se describe e ilustra el exocorion de Detritivora barnesi con el empleo de las tecnicas de tincion de azul de metileno y el estereoscopio, asi como del microscopio electronico de barrido; los caracteres registrados se comparan con los de otros generos de Riodinidae americanos. El exocorion de Detritivora barnesi es de una forma hemidiscal o cuasiesferoidal deprimida y exhibe una estructura en forma de ‘crochet’ en la region corionica de transicion; muestra reticula hexagonal regular de cuatro hileras, cuyos poligonos presentan proyecciones cilindriformes cortas en sus vertices. Estas caracteristicas las comparten con Calephelis Grote & Robinson, considerado uno de los generos mas proximos a Detritivora Hall & Harvey. Tambien comparte varios caracteres con el genero Caria Hubner, ademas de la posicion de los aeropilos/hidropilos en el exocorion. No obstante, la trama reticular se asemeja con la del exocorion de Juditha, que pertenece a Lemoniadiina (Nymphidiini); aunque el grosor de las aristas difiere. Se sugiere una mayor exploracion del exocorion de otras Riodinidae, con el fin de analizar su utilidad taxonomica y filogenetica en esta familia.

The aim of this paper is to estimate the temporal of turnover pattern of moths species in relation to two environmental gradients: temperature (° C) and relative humidity(%). Using a light trap method, a community of moths were sampled for a period of 12 months, in the Kaxil Kiuic Biocultural Reserve located in Yucatan, Mexico. It was demonstrated that species turnover exhibits a strong temporal pattern in relation to temperature and relative humidity variation between climatic periods. The warm and dry period (March to July) had the highest dissimilatity in species composition, determined mainly by families: Noctuidae, Geometridae and Crambidae. This study provides information on the temporal pattern of temporal species turnover for families with high species richness of Neotropical moths. The results obtained have implications for conservation of moth biodiversity, since they allow a base line to be established, focused on detecting the effects of climatic variations on species composition.

The purpose of this article is focused on the development of a protocol designed to facilitate the monitoring process of the official degrees of a Spanish university. In response to the criteria and guidelines established in the Royal Decree 1393/2007, this proposal seeks to make available to the focus groups a useful and flexible tool, tailored to the different existing regulations, which assesses progress in the development of the curriculum, ensures the effective implementation of the degrees, and publishes the information available, relevant and appropriate. It also helps to identify weaknesses, potential improvements and best practices for dissemination. All this, with the ultimate aim of assuring the accreditation of Official Degrees. The monitoring protocol articulates the assessment, as a Check-List, in fulfillment of an annual series of indicators set out in the Academic Quality Assurance Systems (AQAS) included in the Proceedings of Degrees. Finally, the monitoring of new degrees comes up as a result of adaptation to the requirements of the European Higher Education Area.

The purpose of this article is focused on the development of a protocol designed to facilitate the monitoring process of the official degrees of a Spanish university. In response to the criteria and guidelines established in the Royal Decree 1393/2007, this proposal seeks to make available to the focus groups a useful and flexible tool, tailored to the different existing regulations, which assesses progress in the development of the curriculum, ensures the effective implementation of the degrees, and publishes the information available, relevant and appropriate. It also helps to identify weaknesses, potential improvements and best practices for dissemination. All this, with the ultimate aim of assuring the accreditation of Official Degrees. The monitoring protocol articulates the assessment, as a Check-List, in fulfillment of an annual series of indicators set out in the Academic Quality Assurance Systems (AQAS) included in the Proceedings of Degrees. Finally, the monitoring of new degrees comes up as a result of adaptation to the requirements of the European Higher Education Area.

Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto del manejo sobre la diversidad, estructura y composición de la flora arbórea nativa en un paisaje montañoso neotropical, se estudiaron 2 ecomosaicos: selva mediana y su matriz agropecuaria. Se inventariaron 96 parcelas registrando 172 especies. Los ecomosaicos difieren en riqueza, abundancia de especies y estructura como resultado del manejo del paisaje. La composición de los remanentes de selva se muestra como extrema de los potreros. En la vegetación secundaria madura se encontró la mayor riqueza (92 especies), mientras que los potreros fueron más pobres en especies. La flora arbórea de selva está representada en un 66% dentro de la matriz, particularmente en la vegetación secundaria; 27 especies son características de las unidades de paisaje, la mayor parte son zoocoras y están asociadas a comunidades maduras. Se encontró que hay complementariedad entre los ecomosaicos, la cual está relacionada con el hecho de que los campesinos mantienen áreas de reserva de selva, tanto en un núcleo compacto como en fragmentos distribuidos a lo largo del paisaje. Sin embargo, las tendencias indican que el sistema de acahuales tiende a desaparecer, lo que homogeneizará la matriz y aumentará el contraste entre ecomosaicos, comprometiendo la regeneración de la selva y de las especies asociadas al mismo.In order to evaluate the effect of management on diversity, structure and composition of native arboreal flora in a mountainous Neotropical landscape, we studied 2 ecomosaics: montane rain forest, and the surrounding agricultural matrix. We inventoried 96 plots, registering 172 species. As a result of management, the ecomosaics differed in species richness and abundance as well as in vegetation structure, with forest remnants and pastures as the 2 extremes. Mature secondary vegetation had the most tree species (92), and pastures the fewest. Two thirds of forest tree species were also represented in the surrounding matrix, especially in fallows. Twenty-seven species were characteristic of particular landscape units. Most of these were zoochores associated with mature forest. The actual landscape management maintains a certain proportion of conserved habitats and dispersed forest remnants which enrich the agricultural matrix. However the tendency toward less fallow area and more pasture indicates a transition toward a more homogeneous agricultural matrix, less forest regrowth and greater contrast between forest and agricultural ecomosaics. This will increase the contrast between the ecomosaics and threaten the regeneration of mature forest and its associated species.

Based on the superposition of 19 individual tracks of American species of the freshwater copepod genus Eucyclops, two generalized tracks were found. The Western Amazonian track (southern Peru, eastern Brazil, and central Colombia) corresponding to the Amazonian subregion and the South American Transition Zone, and the Mesoamerican-Northwestern South American track (central Colombia, Central America, and northeastern Mexico) corresponding to the Neotropical region, the Mexican Transition Zone, and the Nearctic region. One node was found in Colombia, an area where both generalized tracks intersect. The distributional patterns of Eucyclops apparently involve two cenocrons: one Holarctic, and another Paleotropical. The Western Amazonian generalized track can be correlated with the existence of rivers that function either as barriers or dispersal passageways, the uplift of the Andes, and the presence of the Miocene “Pebas lake/wetland system.” The Mesoamerican-Northwestern South American generalized track can be associated with climate changes resulting from the uplift of North American mountain ranges, the presence of marine barriers (Isthmus of Tehuantepec and Panama) and the uplift of mountains in southern Mexico and Central America. The closing of the marine barrier represented by the Isthmus of Panama seems to have been a key event in the northward and southward dispersal of Eucyclops in the Americas.

We have studied the origin of the Charaxinae lepidopteran fauna of the Yucatan Peninsula in a panbiogeographical analysis. The expectation was that this biota had a single origin (one generalized track) from Central America. A database was generated with worldwide distributional records of Charaxinae. The panbiogeographical analysis used the program Trazos2004, an extension for Arc View. A total of 22,124 records and 304 species were obtained, and 226 individual tracks were generated. Seventeen generalized tracks were obtained for the Americas; 2 of these penetrate into the Yucatan Peninsula. We conclude that the origin of the Yucatec Charaxinae fauna is tropical, following in America the Neotropical pattern, the so-called Mexican biogeographic “Y”. This fauna originates from 2 putative Mesoamerican invasions: an older one (perhaps Miocene), that penetrated across the “Sierrita de Ticul” (a low mountain range); the other one more recent (Pliocene), which invaded along the Caribbean coast.

The therapeutic armamentarium of parenteral anticoagulants available to clinicians is mainly composed by unfractionated heparin (UFH), low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), fondaparinux, recombinant hirudins (i.e. bivalirudin, desirudin, lepirudin) and argatroban. These drugs are effective and safe for prevention and/or treatment of thromboembolic diseases but they have some drawbacks. Among other inconveniences, UFH requires regular anticoagulant monitoring as a result of variability in the anticoagulant response and there is a risk of serious heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia (HIT). LMWH, fondaparinux and recombinant hirudins are mainly cleared through the kidneys and their use in patients with severe renal insufficiency may be problematic. LMWH is only partially neutralized by protamine while fondaparinux and recombinant hirudins have no specific antidote. Novel anticoagulants in development for parenteral administration include new indirect activated factor Xa (FXa) inhibitors (idrabiotaparinux, ultra-low-molecular-weight heparins [semuloparin, RO-14], new LMWH [M118]), direct FXa inhibitors (otamixaban), direct FIIa inhibitors (flovagatran sodium, pegmusirudin, NU172, HD1-22), direct FXIa inhibitors (BMS-262084, antisense oligonucleotides targeting FXIa, clavatadine), direct FIXa inhibitors (RB-006), FVIIIa inhibitors (TB-402), FVIIa/tissue factor inhibitors (tifacogin, NAPc2, PCI-27483, BMS-593214), FVa inhibitors (drotrecogin alpha activated, ART-123) and dual thrombin/FXa inhibitors (EP217609, tanogitran). These new compounds have the potential to complement established parenteral anticoagulants. In the present review, we discuss the pharmacology of new parenteral anticoagulants, the results of clinical studies, the newly planned or ongoing clinical trials with these compounds, and their potential advantages and drawbacks over existing therapies.

IMPORTANCE: Studies investigating the association of cigarette smoking with prostate cancer incidence and outcomes have revealed controversial results. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review and analyze the association of smoking status with biochemical recurrence, metastasis, and cancer-specific mortality among patients with localized prostate cancer undergoing primary radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy. DATA SOURCES: A systematic search of original articles published between January 2000 and March 2017 was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases in March 2017. STUDY SELECTION: Observational studies reporting Cox proportional hazards regression or logistic regression analyses were independently screened. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Available multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% CIs were included in quantitative analysis. A risk-of-bias assessment was completed for nonrandomized studies. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Prespecified outcomes of interest were biochemical recurrence, metastasis, and cancer-specific mortality. RESULTS: A total of 5157 reports were identified, of which 16 articles were selected for qualitative analysis and 11 articles were selected for quantitative analysis. All included studies were observational and nonrandomized and comprised a total of 22 549 patients. Overall, 4202 patients (18.6%) were current smokers. The overall median follow-up was 72 months. Current smokers had a statistically significantly higher risk of biochemical recurrence (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.18-1.66; P

Objetivos: a) Analizar los niveles de adherencia al tratamiento por parte de los trabajadores estudiados; b) determinar los factores relacionados con el incumplimiento terapéutico y, por ende, con la salud y el bienestar de los participantes en el estudio y c) sentar las bases para el diseño futuro de estrategias de intervención preventiva. Métodos: El estudio se llevó a cabo durante el año 2008 en el Servicio de Prevención de los Servicios Centrales del Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad Social. Para ello, se diseñó un cuestionario aplicado a cada paciente (trabajador) en el que se recogen, además de las variables sociodemográficas, el tipo de enfermedad, tipo de tratamiento, razones de incumplimiento, apoyo social, salud y bienestar subjetivo. Resultados: Los análisis muestran que la adherencia a la medicación se da en mayor medida que la relacionada con la dieta y/o ejercicio físico. Entre los motivos de incumplimiento se señala especialmente el olvido, seguido del temor a los efectos secundarios. Existen diferencias en salud y bienestar entre quienes siguen las recomendaciones y quienes no; aquélla son estadísticamente significativas en la dieta y el ejercicio físico. El apoyo social juega un papel importante en la adherencia, en la salud y el bienestar subjetivo. Conclusiones: El conocimiento de los factores relacionados con el incumplimiento terapéutico y su vinculación con la salud y el bienestar ayuda a planificar actuaciones encaminadas a la prevención de la enfermedad en el ámbito laboral.Objectives: a) to analyse the levels of adherence to treatment by the workers studied, b) to determine the factors related to therapeutic failure and thus to participants´ health and well-being and c) to make the design of future preventive strategies. Methods: The study was carried out during 2008 in the Prevention Service of Central Services, National Institute of Social Security. A questionnaire was designed and applied to each patient (employee). This instrument contains the type of disease, treatment, reasons for non-compliance, social support, health and subjective well-being, in addition to sociodemographic variables. Results: The analysis shows that adherence to medication is higher than adherence to diet and/or exercise. Among the reasons for non-compliance are oversight and the fear of side effects. There are differences in health and well-being between those who follow recommendations and those who don´t. These differences are significant statistically in diet and exercise. Social support plays an important role in adherence, health and subjective well-being. Conclusions: Knowledge of factors related to therapeutic failure and its relationship to health and well-being helps to plan actions to prevent the disease in the workplace.

The phenology of butterflies was analyzed in the Calakmul Region (CR) in the state of Campeche, Mexico, over the course of 3 years. Altogether, 60,662 individuals were recorded, consisting of 359 species in 207 genera, 18 subfamilies, 5 families, and 2 superfamilies. Greatest species diversity was recorded during Oct and Nov. Monthly fluctuation in diversity was defined by rare species. Hesperiidae (135 species) and Nymphalidae (111 species) were the most diverse families, and showed the greatest variation with respect to distribution of species richness throughout the year. Papilionidae showed the greatest species richness during the dry season. Pieridae, Nymphalidae, and Lycaenidae showed peaks of greatest species richness and relative abundance during the rainy season. Results were compared to faunal studies of the Sierra de Atoyac de Alvarez, in the state of Guerrero, and of the Sierra de Manantlan, in Jalisco and Colima. Important similarities were observed among phenological patterns in the...

Summary The phenomenon of immigration has led to an important increase in the number of social programmes and services for migrant populations in many European countries. However, some investigations have shown that the use of formal resources is extremely low in these groups. In contrast to the limited utilization of programmes and services, research in the field of social psychology has revealed that the primary source of help and support for immigrants is their own informal social network. After analysing the characteristics, advantages and limitations of formal and informal support systems, this paper presents a typology of social support interventions with migrant populations that integrates both types of support. Four levels are differentiated: dyadic interventions, social network interventions, mutual aid groups and community interventions. The development of programmes to strengthen the informal support system is emphasized as an alternative to integrating formal and informal resources in social work practice with migrant populations.

We collected 423 species of diurnal butterflies (Rhopalocera) during 250 days of observations from March 1997 through January 2000 in the region of Calakmul, Campeche, Mexico. We present a list of 428 species recorded for Calakmul. This is the first reported list of butterflies for the state of Campeche, and it includes 290 new records for the state, 374 new records for Calakmul, and 1 new record for Mexico: Monca telata. Museum records were found for 5 additional species: Caria melino, Cissia labe, Tmolus echion, Emesis lupina lupina, and Calephelis azteca. The accumulation curve of species estimates that 457 species should be present in Calakmul, which suggests the list presented is 93% complete. We found that medium, tropical, semi-evergreen forest is the richest (371 species); more than a quarter of the butterflies of the Calakmul region were found exclusively in this forest. We also found the southern area slightly more abundant in species (82%) than the northern area (79%). Additionally, a ...

Among the insects, lepidopterans form the second most diverse group, with over 155,000 described species. Research on Lepidoptera has a long tradition in several fields, including taxonomy, phylogeny, ecology, population genetics, evolutionary biology, speciation, physiology, development and gene regulation, host–plant and insect–parasite interactions, and, in recent decades, genomics. These studies and genomic resources for them are widely distributed and often widespread in various databases. In this chapter, we analyze the state of the art for genomic resources for Lepidoptera in GenBank for the following genes: elongation factor-1α, wingless, cytochrome c oxidase I, ribosomal DNA and RNA, and in general a number of other protein and enzyme entries; complete mitochondrial genomes; complete nuclear genomes; and published work on barcode methodology. This information will help researchers find gaps in the available resources and direct research efforts in these areas.

Los profesionales que desempeñan su labor en el ámbito sanitario son una población especial- mente vulnerable a los riesgos derivados de su trabajo. En general, el profesional sanitario conoce cuáles son los factores de riesgo más comunes a los que se expone en su entorno laboral así como las medidas protectoras que debe ejecutar para evitar la aparición de accidentes o enfermedades profesionales. Sin embargo, ese conocimiento por sí solo no es suficiente para instaurar una serie de hábitos comportamentales dirigidos al mantenimiento de la salud y la pre- vención de la enfermedad. Desde la Psicología social se han propuesto determinados modelos acerca del comportamiento arriesgado en los que el componente cognitivo se presenta como un factor clave para explicar por qué los individuos ejecutan determinadas conductas que ponen en peligro su integridad física o psicológica. En este trabajo se postula la necesidad de incluir otras variables de interés, de mayor implicación psicosocial, que permitan el diseño de intervencio- nes dirigidas a prevenir la ocurrencia de accidentes laborales en este grupo de población.

ResumenEl estudio del prejuicio y la discriminacion en situaciones publicas y diarias de interaccion entre grupos implicados en una cuestion de prejuicio etnico puede ser interesante. Los espacios publicos urbanos tienen niveles variables de estructuracion de las interacciones (guiones, normas, reglas del lugar) y podrian relacionarse con la expresion del prejuicio como comportamientos discriminativos. El metodo de estudio consiste en una simulacion de escenarios reales de un pueblo almeriense. Los respondentesdeben anticipar sus recorridos a traves de, y sus posiciones de estancia en los lugares. La presencia de inmigrantes y nativos es sistematicamete variada como situaciones posibles en los lugares (a solas, juntos o separados). Los resultados muestran la existencia de discriminacion: los residentes en el area de estudio, asi como los respondentes de alto prejuicio, siguen una norma de tipo descriptivo, en funcion de la posicion de otros almerienses en los lugares, cuando los inmigrantes estan tambien ...