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Full list of authors: Noda, C. Quintero; Schlichenmaier, R.; Bellot Rubio, L. R.; Lofdahl, M. G.; Khomenko, E.; Leenaarts, J.; Kuckein, C.; Gonzalez Manrique, S. J.; Gunar, S.; Nelson, C. J.; Rodriguez, J. de la Cruz; Tziotziou, K.; Tsiropoula, G.; Aulanier, G.; Aboudarham, J.; Allegri, D.; Alsina Ballester, E.; Amans, J. P.; Asensio Ramos, A.; Bailen, F. J.; Balaguer, M.; Baldini, V; Balthasar, H.; Barata, T.; Barczynski, K.; Barreto Cabrera, M.; Baur, A.; Bechet, C.; Beck, C.; Belio-Asin, M.; Bello-Gonzalez, N.; Belluzzi, L.; Bentley, R. D.; Berdyugina, S., V; Berghmans, D.; Berlicki, A.; Berrilli, F.; Berkefeld, T.; Bettonvil, F.; Bianda, M.; Bienes Perez, J.; Bonaque-Gonzalez, S.; Brajsa, R.; Bommier, V; Bourdin, P-A; BurgosMartin, J.; Calchetti, D.; Calcines, A.; Calvo Tovar, J.; Campbell, R. J.; Carballo-Martin, Y.; Carbone, V; Carlin, E. S.; Carlsson, M.; Castro Lopez, J.; Cavaller, L.; Cavallini, F.; Cauzzi, G.; Cecconi, M.; Chulani, H. M.; Cirami, R.; Consolini, G.; Coretti, I; Cosentino, R.; Cozar-Castellano, J.; Dalmasse, K.; Danilovic, S.; Ovelar, M. De Juan; Del Moro, D.; del Pino Aleman, T.; del Toro Iniesta, J. C.; Denker, C.; Dhara, S. K.; Di Marcantonio, P.; Baso, C. J. Diaz; Diercke, A.; Dineva, E.; Diaz-Garcia, J. J.; Doerr, H-P; Doyle, G.; Erdelyi, R.; Ermolli, I; Escobar Rodriguez, A.; Esteban Pozuelo, S.; Faurobert, M.; Felipe, T.; Feller, A.; Feijoo Amoedo, N.; Femenia Castella, B.; Fernandes, J.; Ferro Rodriguez, I; Figueroa, I; Fletcher, L.; Franco Ordovas, A.; Gafeira, R.; Gardenghi, R.; Gelly, B.; Giorgi, F.; Gisler, D.; Giovannelli, L.; Gonzalez, F.; Gonzalez, J. B.; Gonzalez-Cava, J. M.; Gonzalez Garcia, M.; Gomory, P.; Gracia, F.; Grauf, B.; Greco, V; Grivel, C.; Guerreiro, N.; Guglielmino, S. L.; Hammerschlag, R.; Hanslmeier, A.; Hansteen, V; Heinzel, P.; Hernandez-Delgado, A.; Hernandez Suarez, E.; Hidalgo, S. L.; Hill, F.; Hizberger, J.; Hofmeister, S.; Jagers, A.; Janett, G.; Jarolim, R.; Jess, D.; Jimenez Mejias, D.; Jolissaint, L.; Kamlah, R.; Kapitan, J.; Kasparova, J.; Keller, C. U.; Kentischer, T.; Kiselman, D.; Kleint, L.; Klvana, M.; Kontogiannis, I; Krishnappa, N.; Labrosse, N.; Lagg, A.; Degl'Innocenti, E. Landi; Langlois, M.; Lafon, M.; Laforgue, D.; Le Men, C.; Lepori, B.; Lepreti, F.; Lindberg, B.; Lilje, P. B.; Ariste, A. Lopez; Lopez Fernandez, V. A.; Lopez Jimenez, A. C.; Lopez Lopez, R.; Sainz, R. Manso; Marassi, A.; Marco de la Rosa, J.; Marino, J.; Marrero, J.; Martin, A.; Martin Galvez, A.; Martin Hernando, Y.; Masciadri, E.; MartinezGonzalez, M.; Matta-Gomez, A.; Mato, A.; Mathioudakis, M.; Matthews, S.; Mein, P.; Merlos Garcia, F.; Moity, J.; Montilla, I; Molinaro, M.; Molodij, G.; Montoya, L. M.; Munari, M.; Murabito, M.; Nunez Cagigal, M.; Oliviero, M.; Orozco Suarez, D.; Ortiz, A.; Padilla-Hernandez, C.; Paez Mana, E.; Paletou, F.; Pancorbo, J.; Pastor Canedo, A.; Yabar, A. Pastor; Peat, A. W.; Pedichini, F.; Peixinho, N.; Penate, J.; Perez de Taoro, A.; Peter, H.; Petrovay, K.; Piazzesi, R.; Pietropaolo, E.; Pleier, O.; Poedts, S.; Potzi, W.; Podladchikova, T.; Prieto, G.; Quintero Nehrkorn, J.; Ramelli, R.; Ramos Sapena, Y.; Rasilla, J. L.; Reardon, K.; Rebolo, R.; Regalado Olivares, S.; Reyes Garcia-Talavera, M.; Riethmuller, T. L.; Rimmele, T.; Rodriguez Delgado, H.; Rodriguez Gonzalez, N.; Rodriguez-Losada, J. A.; Rodriguez Ramos, L. F.; Romano, P.; Roth, M.; vander Voort, L. Rouppe; Rudawy, P.; Ruiz de Galarreta, C.; Rybak, J.; Salvade, A.; Sanchez-Capuchino, J.; Sanchez Rodriguez, M. L.; Sangiorgi, M.; Sayede, F.; Scharmer, G.; Scheiffelen, T.; Schmidt, W.; Schmieder, B.; Scire, C.; Scuderi, S.; Siegel, B.; Sigwarth, M.; Simoes, P. J. A.; Snik, F.; Sliepen, G.; Sobotka, M.; Socas-Navarro, H.; Sola La Serna, P.; Solanki, S. K.; Soler Trujillo, M.; Soltau, D.; Sordini, A.; Sosa Mendez, A.; Stangalini, M.; Steiner, O.; Stenflo, J. O.; Stepan, J.; Strassmeier, K. G.; Sudar, D.; Suematsu, Y.; Sutterlin, P.; Tallon, M.; Temmer, M.; Tenegi, F.; Tritschler, A.; Trujillo Bueno, J.; Turchi, A.; Utz, D.; van Harten, G.; VanNoort, M.; van Werkhoven, T.; Vansintjan, R.; Vaz Cedillo, J. J.; Vega Reyes, N.; Verma, M.; Veronig, A. M.; Viavattene, G.; Vitas, N.; Vogler, A.; von der Luhe, O.; Volkmer, R.; Waldmann, T. A.; Walton, D.; Wisniewska, A.; Zeman, J.; Zeuner, F.; Zhang, L. Q.; Zuccarello, F.; Collados, M.--This is an Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited., The European Solar Telescope (EST) is a project aimed at studying the magnetic connectivity of the solar atmosphere, from the deep photosphere to the upper chromosphere. Its design combines the knowledge and expertise gathered by the European solar physics community during the construction and operation of state-of-the-art solar telescopes operating in visible and near-infrared wavelengths: the Swedish 1m Solar Telescope, the German Vacuum Tower Telescope and GREGOR, the French Télescope Héliographique pour l’Étude du Magnétisme et des Instabilités Solaires, and the Dutch Open Telescope. With its 4.2 m primary mirror and an open configuration, EST will become the most powerful European ground-based facility to study the Sun in the coming decades in the visible and near-infrared bands. EST uses the most innovative technological advances: the first adaptive secondary mirror ever used in a solar telescope, a complex multi-conjugate adaptive optics with deformable mirrors that form part of the optical design in a natural way, a polarimetrically compensated telescope design that eliminates the complex temporal variation and wavelength dependence of the telescope Mueller matrix, and an instrument suite containing several (etalon-based) tunable imaging spectropolarimeters and several integral field unit spectropolarimeters. This publication summarises some fundamental science questions that can be addressed with the telescope, together with a complete description of its major subsystems. © C. Q. Noda et al. 2022., C.Q.N. was supported by the EST Project Office, funded by the Canary Islands Government (file SD 17/01) under a direct grant awarded to the IAC on ground of public interest. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under Grant Agreements No 739500 (PRE-EST) and 653982 (GREST). This project was supported by the European Commission’s FP7 Capacities Programme under Grant Agreements No 212482 (EST Design Study) and No. 312495 (SOLARNET). It was also supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 824135 (SOLARNET). This work has been partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through project RTI2018-096886-B-C51, including a percentage from FEDER funds, and through the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa grant SEV-2017-0709 awarded to the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía in the period 2018-2022. The EST preparatory phase was supported by a grant for research infrastructures of national importance from the Swedish Research Council (registration number 2017-00625). J.J. was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic through the EST-CZ project (LM2018095). C.K. acknowledges funding received from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 895955. Queen’s University Belfast acknowledges support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) under grant No. ST/V003739/1. This work was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the research grants [UID/FIS/04434/2019], UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/2020, UIDB/00611/2020 and UIDP/00611/2020. This work was partly funded by a grant of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): P 32958-N. J.C.R., C.J.D.B. and A.P.Y. gratefully acknowledge financial support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (SUNMAG, grant agreement 759548). J.A. was supported by Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES). G.A., M.C., L.F., V.H., A.O. and L.R.V.V acknowledge support by the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence scheme, project number 262622. L.B., M.B., R.R. acknowledge State Secretariat for Education, Research, and Innovation (SERI), Canton Ticino and Swiss National Science Foundation (grants 200020_184952, 200021_175997, CRSII5_180238) for the financial support. R. Brajša and D. Sudar acknowledge the support by the Croatian Science Foundation under project 7549 ‘Millimeter and submillimeter observations of the solar chromosphere with ALMA’. The NSO is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. The work of A.B. was partially supported by the programme ‘Excellence Initiative – Research University’ for years 2020–2026 for University of Wrocław, project no. BPIDUB.4610.15.2021.KP.B. E.S.C. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) through the Spanish State Research Agency, under Severo Ochoa Centres of Excellence Programme 2020-2023 (CEX2019-000920-S). L.F. and N.L. would like to acknowledge support from UK Research and Innovation Science and Technology Facilities Council grants ST/L006200/1 and ST/T000422/1. J.F. acknowledges visiting facilities at Rosseland Centre for Solar Physics (University of Oslo), in 2019. P. Gömöry, A.K. and J.R. were supported by the Science Grant Agency project VEGA 2/0048/20. I. Kontogiannis is supported by KO 6283/2-1 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). C.J.N. is thankful to the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), for support received through grant ST/T00021X/1, and ESA, for support as an ESA Research Fellow. K.P. was supported by the Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Fund (grants no. NKFI K-128384 and TKP2021-NKTA-64). P.J.A. Simões acknowledges support from CNPq (contract 307612/2019-8). J.T.B. acknowledges the funding received from the European Research Council (ERC) under de European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (ERC Advanced Grant Agreement No. 742265). M.V. is supported by VE 1112/1-1 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). L.Q.Z. acknowledges that this work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11727805, No. 1210030348). F.Z. acknowledges that this work was supported by the Italian MIUR-PRIN grant 2017APKP7T and by the Università degli Studi di Catania (Piano per la Ricerca Università di Catania 2020-2022, Linea di intervento 2).

Oil and natural gas (ONG) development can affect aquatic ecosystems through water contamination, water withdrawals and disturbance of soil and vegetation (surface disturbance) from infrastructure development. Research on how these potential sources of watershed and aquatic ecosystem impairment can affect fish assemblages is limited. Fish–habitat relationships were evaluated across stream sites experiencing differing levels of ONG development. Colorado River cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus (Cope), and mottled sculpin, Cottus bairdii Girard, presence and abundance were associated with habitat conditions predominantly found in the less disturbed streams, such as higher proportion of shrub cover, greater stream depths and gravel substrate. Mountain sucker, Catostomus platyrhynchus (Cope), appeared to be a habitat generalist and was able to persist in a wide range of conditions, including degraded sites. Natural resource managers can use habitat preferences of these fish species to establish the development plans that mitigate negative effects of ONG development by protecting the aquatic habitats they rely upon.

Historic, current, and future oil and natural gas development can affect water quality in streams flowing through developed areas. We compared small stream drainages in a semiarid landscape with varying amounts of disturbance from oil and natural gas development to examine potential effects of this development on surface water quality. We used physical, chemical, and biological approaches to assess water quality and found several potential avenues of degradation. Surface disturbance likely contributed to elevated suspended sediment concentrations and spill history likely led to elevated stream polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations. In combination, these environmental stressors could explain the loss of aquatic macroinvertebrate taxon at sites highly affected by oil and natural gas development. Our results provide insight into advantages and disadvantages of approaches for assessing surface water quality in areas affected by oil and natural gas development. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;00:000-000. © 2019 SETAC.

Context. The scattering polarization signal observed in the photospheric Sr i 4607 �� line is expected to vary at granular spatial scales. This variation can be due to changes in the magnetic field intensity and orientation (Hanle effect), but also to spatial and temporal variations in the plasma properties. Measuring the spatial variation of such polarization signal would allow us to study the properties of the magnetic fields at subgranular scales, but observations are challenging since both high spatial resolution and high spectropolarimetric sensitivity are required. Aims. We aim to provide observational evidence of the polarization peak spatial variations, and to analyze the correlation they might have with granulation. Methods. Observations conjugating high spatial resolution and high spectropolarimetric precision were performed with the Zurich IMaging POLarimeter, ZIMPOL, at the GREGOR solar telescope, taking advantage of the adaptive optics system and the newly installed image derotator. Results. Spatial variations of the scattering polarization in the Sr i 4607 �� line are clearly observed. The spatial scale of these variations is comparable with the granular size. Small correlations between the polarization signal amplitude and the continuum intensity indicate that the polarization is higher at the center of granules than in the intergranular lanes., 5 pages, 4 figures

Is it physically feasible to perform the chromospheric diagnosis using spatial maps of scattering polarization at the solar disk center? To investigate it we synthesized polarization maps (in 8542 Å) resulting from MHD solar models and NLTE radiative transfer calculations that consider Hanle effect and vertical macroscopic motions. After explaining the physical context of forward scattering and presenting our results, we arrive at the definition of Hanle polarity inversion lines. We show how such features can give support for a clearer chromospheric diagnosis in which the magnetic and dynamic effects in the scattering polarization could be disentangled

Exposing the polarization signatures of the solar chromosphere requires studying its temporal variations, which is rarely done when modelling and interpreting scattering and Hanle signals. The present contribution sketches the scientific problem of solar polarization diagnosis from the point of view of the temporal dimension, remarking some key aspects for solving it. Our time-dependent calculations expose the need of considering dynamics explicitly when modelling and observing scattering polarization in order to achieve effective diagnosis techniques as well as a deeper knowledge of the second solar spectrum., 5 pages, 4 figures, Solar Workshop Polarization 8

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The aims of this research were to develop a model of care that will deliver the aspirations of the policy document, ‘Making Every Young Person with Diabetes Matter’ and improve the care provision for children and young people with Type 1 diabetes in England. Children and young people with Type 1 diabetes, their families and professionals, in nine acute trusts throughout the Yorkshire and the Humber region, participated in talking group discussions and individual interviews to find out about their experiences of diabetes care provision. Findings show that there are certain aspects of the care pathway that need to be addressed. In particular, diabetes care, resources, education, psychological support, school/college and transition were found to be the main areas of concern. Recommendations have been made indicating how current practice needs to change if the care of children and young people with Type 1 diabetes is to improve.

Title Preface Part I : North and Central America Chapter 1 - Peter Bakker : Algonquian verb structure: Plains Cree Chapter 2 - Jan P. van Eijk : Typological aspects of Lillooet transitive verb inflection Chapter 3 - Hank Nater : Athabascan verb stem structure: Tahltan Chapter 4 - Grażyna J. Rowicka : The transitive linker in Upper Chehalis (Salish) Chapter 5 - Annette Veerman-Leichsenring : Valency-changing devices in Metzontla Popoloc Part II : South America Chapter 6 - Willem F.H. Adelaar : The vicissitudes of directional affixes in Tarma (Northern Junín) Quechua Chapter 7 - Eithne B. Carlin : The verbalizers in Trio (Cariban): a semantic description Chapter 8 - Mily Crevels : Verbal number in Itonama Chapter 9 - Simon van de Kerke : Object cross-reference in Leko Chapter 10 - Sérgio Meira : Stative verbs vs. nouns in Sateré-Mawé and the Tupian family Chapter 11 - Pieter Muysken & Katja Hannss : Verbs in Uchumataqu Chapter 12 - Stella Telles, , Leo Wetzels : Evidentiality and epistemic mood in Lakondê