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1. The electronics of the High-Energy Particle Detector on board the CSES-01 satellite

Author

Ambrosi, G, Bartocci, S, Basara, L, Battiston, R, Burger, Wj, Campana, D, Caprai, M, Carfora, L, Castellini, G, Cipollone, P, Conti, L, Contin, A, De Donato, C, De Persio, F, De Santis, C, Follega, Fm, Alini, C, Gebbia, G, Ionica, M, Iuppa, R, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lolli, M, Manea, C, Martucci, M, Masciantonio, G, Mergé, M, Mese, M, Osteria, G, Pacini, L, Palma, F, Palmonari, F, Panico, B, Parmentier, A, Patrizii, L, Perfetto, F, Picozza, P, Pozzato, M, Puel, M, Rashevskaya, I, Ricci, E, Ricci, M, Ricciarini, S, Sahnoun, Z, Scotti, V, Sotgiu, A, Sparvoli, R, Vitale, V, Zoffoli, S, Zuccon, P, Ambrosi G., Bartocci S., Basara L., Battiston R., Burger W.J., Campana D., Caprai M., Carfora L., Castellini G., Cipollone P., Conti L., Contin A., De Donato C., De Persio F., De Santis C., Follega F.M., Guandalini C., Gebbia G., Ionica M., Iuppa R., Laurenti G., Lazzizzera I., Lolli M., Manea C., Martucci M., Masciantonio G., Merge M., Mese M., Osteria G., Pacini L., Palma F., Palmonari F., Panico B., Parmentier A., Patrizii L., Perfetto F., Picozza P., Pozzato M., Puel M., Rashevskaya I., Ricci E., Ricci M., Ricciarini S., Sahnoun Z., Scotti V., Sotgiu A., Sparvoli R., Vitale V., Zoffoli S., Zuccon P., Ambrosi, G., Bartocci, S., Basara, L., Battiston, R., Burger, W. J., Campana, D., Caprai, M., Carfora, L., Castellini, G., Cipollone, P., Conti, L., Contin, A., De Donato, C., De Persio, F., De Santis, C., Follega, F. M., Guandalini, C., Gebbia, G., Ionica, M., Iuppa, R., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lolli, M., Manea, C., Martucci, M., Masciantonio, G., Merge, M., Mese, M., Osteria, G., Pacini, L., Palma, F., Palmonari, F., Panico, B., Parmentier, A., Patrizii, L., Perfetto, F., Picozza, P., Pozzato, M., Puel, M., Rashevskaya, I., Ricci, E., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S., Sahnoun, Z., Scotti, V., Sotgiu, A., Sparvoli, R., Vitale, V., Zoffoli, S., and Zuccon, P.

Subjects
Physics, Settore FIS/01, Satellite experiment, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), High energy particle, business.industry, Detector, Particle detector, Physics::Space Physics, Electronic, Detector techniques for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physic, Satellite, Electronics, Aerospace engineering, business, Instrumentation, Radiation hardening, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

CSES (China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite) is a Chinese–Italian scientific space mission dedicated to monitor the variations of the main parameters of the topside ionosphere (electric and magnetic fields, plasma parameters, charge particle fluxes) caused by either natural emitters – especially earthquakes – or artificial ones. The CSES satellite was successfully launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center located in the west of Inner Mongolia on February 2nd, 2018, and it is now orbiting under nominal conditions. The expected mission lifetime amounts to 5 years. CSES is the first element of a multi-satellite monitoring system; several satellites are scheduled for the next few years. The High-Energy Particle Detector (HEPD) is the main contribution of the Italian collaboration to the mission. It was designed and built in order to detect electrons in the energy range between 3 and 100 MeV, protons between 30 and 200 MeV, and light nuclei in the MeV energy window. The electronics of the detector was designed following stringent requirements on mechanical and thermal stability, power consumption, radiation hardness and double redundancy. The system successfully went through the space qualification tests. In this paper, we describe the HEPD electronics, the space qualification tests performed before launch, and the in-flight performance of the detector.

Published
2021

2. New results on protons inside the South Atlantic Anomaly, at energies between 40 and 250 MeV in the period 2018–2020, from the CSES-01 satellite mission

Author

Martucci, M, Bartocci, S, Battiston, R, Campana, D, Carfora, L, Conti, L, Contin, A, De Donato, C, De Santis, C, Follega, Fm, Iuppa, R, Marcelli, N, Masciantonio, G, Mergè, M, Oliva, A, Osteria, G, Palma, F, Parmentier, A, Perfetto, F, Picozza, P, Pozzato, M, Ricci, E, Ricci, M, Ricciarini, Sb, Sahnoun, Z, Scotti, V, Sotgiu, A, Sparvoli, R, Vitale, V, Zoffoli, S, and Zuccon, P

Subjects
Settore FIS/01
Published
2022
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3. Beam test calibrations of the HEPD detector on board the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite

Author

Ambrosi, G, Bartocci, S, Basara, L, Battiston, R, Burger, W, Campana, D, Carfora, L, Castellini, G, Cipollone, P, Conti, L, Contin, A, De Donato, C, De Persio, F, De Santis, C, F M, Follega, Guandalini, C, Ionica, M, Iuppa, R, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lolli, M, Manea, C, Martucci, M, Masciantonio, G, Mergé, M, Osteria, G, Pacini, L, Palma, F, Palmonari, F, Panico, B, Parmentier, A, Patrizii, L, Perfetto, F, Picozza, P, Piersanti, M, Pozzato, M, Puel, M, Rashevskaya, I, Ricci, E, Ricci, M, Ricciarini, S, Scotti, V, Sotgiu, A, Sparvoli, R, Spataro, B, Vitale, V, Zoffoli, S, Zuccon, P, Ambrosi G., Bartocci S., Basara L., Battiston R., Burger W.J., Campana D., Carfora L., Castellini G., Cipollone P., Conti L., Contin A., De Donato C., De Persio F., De Santis C., Follega F.M., Guandalini C., Ionica M., Iuppa R., Laurenti G., Lazzizzera I., Lolli M., Manea C., Martucci M., Masciantonio G., Merge M., Osteria G., Pacini L., Palma F., Palmonari F., Panico B., Parmentier A., Patrizii L., Perfetto F., Picozza P., Piersanti M., Pozzato M., Puel M., Rashevskaya I., Ricci E., Ricci M., Ricciarini S., Scotti V., Sotgiu A., Sparvoli R., Spataro B., Vitale V., Zoffoli S., Zuccon P., Ambrosi, G., Bartocci, S., Basara, L., Battiston, R., Burger, W. J., Campana, D., Carfora, L., Castellini, G., Cipollone, P., Conti, L., Contin, A., De Donato, C., De Persio, F., De Santis, C., Follega, F. M., Guandalini, C., Ionica, M., Iuppa, R., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lolli, M., Manea, C., Martucci, M., Masciantonio, G., Merge, M., Osteria, G., Pacini, L., Palma, F., Palmonari, F., Panico, B., Parmentier, A., Patrizii, L., Perfetto, F., Picozza, P., Piersanti, M., Pozzato, M., Puel, M., Rashevskaya, I., Ricci, E., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S., Scotti, V., Sotgiu, A., Sparvoli, R., Spataro, B., Vitale, V., Zoffoli, S., and Zuccon, P.

Subjects
Electromagnetic field, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cosmic ray, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Remote sensing, Physics, Settore FIS/01, Range (particle radiation), Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Data analysi, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, INTERNATIONAL STATION, RADIATION BELTS, SCINTILLATION COUNTERS, Satellite, Physics::Space Physics, 0210 nano-technology, Beam (structure)
Abstract

CSES (China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite) is a Chinese-Italian space mission dedicated to monitoring of variations of the electromagnetic field and waves, plasma parameters, and particle fluxes induced by natural sources and artificial emitters in the near-Earth space. The satellite was launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in the Gobi desert (Inner Mongolia, China) on 2, 2018. The expected mission lifetime amounts to 5 years. The Italian contribution to the mission includes the design and construction of the High-Energy Particle Detector (HEPD), aimed to detect electrons in the energy range between 3 and 100 MeV and protons between 30 and 200 MeV, as well as light nuclei in the MeV energy range. In this paper, we describe the calibration procedures applied to HEPD based on data acquired during two tests at accelerator laboratories, which were performed on HEPD Flight Model prior to the delivery to China for final integration. An additional acquisition of cosmic muons was performed in order to better characterize the detector response before launch.

Published
2020
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4. Control and data acquisition software of the high-energy particle detector on board the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite space mission

Author

Sotgiu, A, De Donato, C, Fornaro, C, Tassa, S, Scannavini, M, Iannaccio, D, Ambrosi, G, Bartocci, S, Basara, L, Battiston, R, Burger, Wj, Campana, D, Carfora, L, Castellini, G, Cipollone, P, Conti, L, Contin, A, De Persio, F, De Santis, C, Follega, Fm, Alini, C, Ionica, M, Iuppa, R, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lolli, M, Manea, C, Martucci, M, Masciantonio, G, Mergé, M, Osteria, G, Pacini, L, Palma, F, Palmonari, F, Panico, B, Parmentier, A, Perfetto, F, Picozza, P, Piersanti, M, Pozzato, M, Puel, M, Rashevskaya, I, Ricci, E, Ricci, M, Ricciarini, Sb, Scotti, V, Sparvoli, R, Spataro, B, Vitale, V, Zoffoli, S, Zuccon, P, Sotgiu, A., De Donato, C., Fornaro, C., Tassa, S., Scannavini, M., Iannaccio, D., Ambrosi, G., Bartocci, S., Basara, L., Battiston, R., Burger, W. J., Campana, D., Carfora, L., Castellini, G., Cipollone, P., Conti, L., Contin, A., De Persio, F., De Santis, C., Follega, F. M., Guandalini, C., Ionica, M., Iuppa, R., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lolli, M., Manea, C., Martucci, M., Masciantonio, G., Merge, M., Osteria, G., Pacini, L., Palma, F., Palmonari, F., Panico, B., Parmentier, A., Perfetto, F., Picozza, P., Piersanti, M., Pozzato, M., Puel, M., Rashevskaya, I., Ricci, E., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Scotti, V., Sparvoli, R., Spataro, B., Vitale, V., Zoffoli, S., and Zuccon, P.

Subjects
Settore FIS/01, Digital signal processor, High energy particle, Computer science, data acquisition, Control (management), Detector, Real-time computing, embedded software, Space (mathematics), Embedded software, Data acquisition, earthquake, Satellite, Software, digital signal processor
Abstract

The China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) space mission—also known as Limadou in Italian—is a scientific collaboration between China and Italy that aims to investigate the structure and dynamics of the iono/magnetosphere, and in particular to study the possible correlation of perturbations to the occurrence of high-magnitude seismic events. The Chinese satellite houses the Italian high-energy particle detector (HEPD), an apparatus composed of a silicon tracker and a calorimeter system, which detects electrons and protons in the energy ranges 3–100 and 30–200 MeV, respectively. The satellite was launched on February 2, 2018; after a commissioning phase dedicated to the setting of an optimal configuration, HEPD is fully operational since July 28, 2018. After a general overview of the CSES-Limadou mission, this article presents the structure of the HEPD apparatus and describes the design and implementation of the software for the embedded computer system that is responsible for HEPD management. The onboard software runs on the digital signal processors of two electronic boards (CPU and data acquisition), monitors system status, handles instrument data acquisition, performs periodic calibration of the subdetectors, performs data compression, and communicates with the satellite. An overview of HEPD in-flight operations and performance is given in the last section.

Published
2021

5. Galactic Cosmic-Ray Hydrogen Spectra in the 40–250 MeV Range Measured by the High-energy Particle Detector (HEPD) on board the CSES-01 Satellite between 2018 and 2020

Author

Bartocci, S, Battiston, R, Burger, W, Campana, D, Carfora, L, Castellini, G, Cipollone, P, Conti, L, Contin, A, De Donato, C, De Persio, F, De Santis, C, Diego, P, F M, Follega, Iuppa, R, Lazzizzera, I, Marcelli, N, Martucci, M, Masciantonio, G, Mergé, M, Osteria, G, Palma, F, Palmonari, F, Parmentier, A, Perfetto, F, Picozza, P, Piersanti, M, Pozzato, M, Rashevskaya, I, Ricci, E, Ricci, M, Ricciarini, S, Scotti, V, Sotgiu, A, Sparvoli, R, Spataro, B, Vitale, V, Zoffoli, S, Zuccon, P, Bartocci S., Battiston R., Burger W.J., Campana D., Carfora L., Castellini G., Conti L., Contin A., De Donato C., De Persio F., De Santis C., Diego P., Follega F.M., Iuppa R., Lazzizzera I., Marcelli N., Martucci M., Masciantonio G., Merge M., Osteria G., Palma F., Palmonari F., Parmentier A., Perfetto F., Picozza P., Piersanti M., Pozzato M., Rashevskaya I., Ricci E., Ricci M., Ricciarini S., Scotti V., Sotgiu A., Sparvoli R., Ubertini P., Vitale V., Zoffoli S., and Zuccon P.

Subjects
Settore FIS/01, Physics, Heliosphere, Cosmic rays, Cosmic ray detectors, Range (particle radiation), High energy particle, Hydrogen, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, dark matter, Spectral line, Heliosphere, Cosmic ray detectors, cosmic rays, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, Nuclear Experiment, antiprotons, Hydrogen spectral series, Cosmic rays
Abstract

The High-energy Particle Detector (HEPD) on board the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES-01)—launched on 2018 February 2—is a light and compact payload suitable for measuring electrons (3–100 MeV), protons (30–250 MeV), and light nuclei (up to a few hundreds of MeV). The Sun-synchronous orbit and large acceptance allow HEPD to measure cosmic-ray particles near the ±65° latitude limit for a fair amount of time per day. In this work, three semiannual galactic hydrogen energy spectra between ∼40 and 250 MeV are presented, including a comparison with theoretical spectra from HelMod, a 2D Monte Carlo model developed to simulate the solar modulation of cosmic rays throughout the heliosphere. To our knowledge, these are the first hydrogen energy spectra below 250 MeV measured at 1 au between 2018 and 2020.

Published
2020
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6. Control and Data Acquisition Software of the High-Energy Particle Detector on board the CSES Space Mission

Author

Sotgiu, A, De Donato, C, Fornaroy, C, Tassaz, S, Scannaviniz, M, Iannaccio, D, Ambrosi, G, Bartocci, S, Basara, L, Battiston, R, W J, Burger, Campana, D, Carfora, L, Castellini, G, Cipollone, P, Conti, L, Contin, A, De Persio, F, De Santis, C, F M, Follega, Guandalini, C, Ionica, M, Iuppa, R, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lolli, M, Manea, C, Martucci, M, Masciantonio, G, Mergé, M, Osteria, G, Pacin, L, Palma, F, Palmonari, F, Panico, B, Parmentier, A, Perfetto, F, Picozza, P, Piersanti, M, Pozzato, M, Puel, M, Rashevskaya, I, Ricci, E, Ricci, M, Ricciarini, S, Scotti, V, Sparvoli, R, Spataro, B, Vitale, V, Zoffoli, S, and Zuccon, P

Published
2021

7. Status and performance of the High Energy Particle Detector (HEPD) on-board the CSES-01 satellite

Author

Sotgiu, A, Ambrosi, G, Battiston, R, Bartocci, S, Basara, L, Burger, W, Campana, D, Carfora, L, Casolino, M, Castellini, G, Cipollone, P, Conti, L, Contin, A, De Donato, C, De Persio, F, De Santis, C, Di Ruzza, B, F M, Follega, Guandalini, C, Ionica, M, Iuppa, R, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lolli, M, Manea, C, Marcelli, L, Martucci, M, Masciantonio, G, Mergé, M, Osteria, G, Pacini, L, Palma, F, Palmonari, F, Panico, B, Parmentier, A, Patrizii, L, Perfetto, F, Picozza, P, Piersanti, M, Pozzato, M, Puel, M, Rashevskaya, I, Ricci, E, Ricci, M, Ricciarini, S, Scotti, V, Sparvoli, R, Spataro, B, Vitale, V, Zuccon, P, and Zoffoli, S

Published
2019

8. The august 2018 geomagnetic storm observed by the high-energy particle detector on board the cses-01 satellite

Author

Zouleikha Sahnoun, Giuseppe Osteria, Ester Ricci, Paolo Zuccon, Roberto Iuppa, Beatrice Panico, Marco Ricci, Livio Conti, M. Merge, L. Carfora, A. Parmentier, Roberto Battiston, F. Palma, William J. Burger, F. Palmonari, S. B. Ricciarini, Ignazio Lazzizzera, Mirko Piersanti, Simona Zoffoli, Andrea Contin, A. Oliva, F. Perfetto, Francesco Maria Follega, Piergiorgio Picozza, Matteo Martucci, Giulia D'Angelo, V. Vitale, D. Campana, Valentina Scotti, G. Masciantonio, M. Pozzato, G. Castellini, Cinzia De Donato, S. Bartocci, Alessandro Sotgiu, Roberta Sparvoli, Nadir Marcelli, Cristian De Santis, Palma F., Sotgiu A., Parmentier A., Martucci M., Piersanti M., Bartocci S., Battiston R., Burger W.J., Campana D., Carfora L., Castellini G., Conti L., Contin A., D'angelo G., De Donato C., De Santis C., Follega F.M., Iuppa R., Lazzizzera I., Marcelli N., Masciantonio G., Merge M., Oliva A., Osteria G., Palmonari F., Panico B., Perfetto F., Picozza P., Pozzato M., Ricci E., Ricci M., Ricciarini S.B., Sahnoun Z., Scotti V., Sparvoli R., Vitale V., Zoffoli S., Zuccon P., Palma, F., Sotgiu, A., Parmentier, A., Martucci, M., Piersanti, M., Bartocci, S., Battiston, R., Burger, W. J., Campana, D., Carfora, L., Castellini, G., Conti, L., Contin, A., D'Angelo, G., De Donato, C., De Santis, C., Follega, F. M., Iuppa, R., Lazzizzera, I., Marcelli, N., Masciantonio, G., Merge, M., Oliva, A., Osteria, G., Palmonari, F., Panico, B., Perfetto, F., Picozza, P., Pozzato, M., Ricci, E., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Sahnoun, Z., Scotti, V., Sparvoli, R., Vitale, V., Zoffoli, S., and Zuccon, P.

Subjects
LEO satellite, Technology, Geomagnetic storm, High energy particle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Space weather, QH301-705.5, QC1-999, Geomagnetic storms, Magnetosphere, Particle detectors, LEO satellites, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, Physics::Geophysics, 0103 physical sciences, Substorm, General Materials Science, Biology (General), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, QD1-999, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Settore FIS/01, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Physics, Process Chemistry and Technology, General Engineering, geomagnetic storms, Storm, Geophysics, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), particle detectors, Charged particle, Computer Science Applications, Chemistry, Physics::Space Physics, TA1-2040
Abstract

On 25 August 2018, a G3-class geomagnetic storm reached the Earth’s magnetosphere, causing a transient rearrangement of the charged particle environment around the planet, which was detected by the High-Energy Particle Detector (HEPD) on board the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES-01). We found that the count rates of electrons in the MeV range were characterized by a depletion during the storm’s main phase and a clear enhancement during the recovery caused by large substorm activity, with the key role played by auroral processes mapped into the outer belt. A post-storm rate increase was localized at L-shells immediately above ∼3 and mostly driven by non-adiabatic local acceleration caused by possible resonant interaction with low-frequency magnetospheric waves.

Published
2021

9. Trapped Proton Fluxes Estimation Inside the South Atlantic Anomaly Using the NASA AE9/AP9/SPM Radiation Models along the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite Orbit

Author

Piergiorgio Picozza, Roberto Battiston, F. Palma, Cinzia De Donato, G. Masciantonio, G. Castellini, S. Bartocci, Paolo Zuccon, Ignazio Lazzizzera, Ester Ricci, Nadir Marcelli, Giuseppe Osteria, William J. Burger, Matteo Martucci, Alessandro Sotgiu, Cristian De Santis, Beatrice Panico, Roberto Iuppa, Roberta Sparvoli, A. Parmentier, A. Oliva, F. Palmonari, V. Vitale, L. Carfora, Valentina Scotti, F. Perfetto, Marco Ricci, Francesco Maria Follega, S. B. Ricciarini, Mirko Piersanti, Andrea Contin, Livio Conti, M. Pozzato, M. Merge, Zouleikha Sahnoun, D. Campana, Simona Zoffoli, Martucci M., Sparvoli R., Bartocci S., Battiston R., Burger W.J., Campana D., Carfora L., Castellini G., Conti L., Contin A., De Donato C., De Santis C., Follega F.M., Iuppa R., Lazzizzera I., Marcelli N., Masciantonio G., Merge M., Oliva A., Osteria G., Palma F., Palmonari F., Panico B., Parmentier A., Perfetto F., Picozza P., Piersanti M., Pozzato M., Ricci E., Ricci M., Ricciarini S.B., Sahnoun Z., Scotti V., Sotgiu A., Vitale V., Zoffoli S., Zuccon P., Martucci, M., Sparvoli, R., Bartocci, S., Battiston, R., Burger, W. J., Campana, D., Carfora, L., Castellini, G., Conti, L., Contin, A., De Donato, C., De Santis, C., Follega, F. M., Iuppa, R., Lazzizzera, I., Marcelli, N., Masciantonio, G., Merge, M., Oliva, A., Osteria, G., Palma, F., Palmonari, F., Panico, B., Parmentier, A., Perfetto, F., Picozza, P., Piersanti, M., Pozzato, M., Ricci, E., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Sahnoun, Z., Scotti, V., Sotgiu, A., Vitale, V., Zoffoli, S., and Zuccon, P.

Subjects
South Atlantic Anomaly, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, AE9/AP9/SPM models, Radiation belts, Trapped particles, Magnetosphere, lcsh:Technology, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, lcsh:Chemistry, AE9/AP9/SPM model, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, lcsh:QH301-705.5, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Settore FIS/01, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Spacecraft, lcsh:T, Payload, business.industry, Process Chemistry and Technology, General Engineering, Radiation belt, lcsh:QC1-999, Computer Science Applications, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, lcsh:TA1-2040, Van Allen radiation belt, Physics::Space Physics, symbols, Orbit (dynamics), Environmental science, Satellite, radiation belts, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), business, lcsh:Physics
Abstract

The radiation belts in the Earth’s magnetosphere pose a hazard to satellite systems and spacecraft missions (both manned and unmanned), heavily affecting payload design and resources, thus resulting in an impact on the overall mission performance and final costs. The NASA AE9/AP9/SPM radiation models for energetic electrons, protons, and plasma provide useful information on the near-Earth environment, but they are still incomplete as to some features and, for some energy ranges, their predictions are not based on a statistically sufficient sample of direct measurements. Therefore, it is of the upmost importance to provide new data and direct measurements to improve their output. In this work, the AP9 model is applied to the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES-01) orbit to estimate the flux of energetic protons over the South Atlantic Anomaly during a short testing period of one day, 1 January 2021. Moreover, a preliminary comparison with proton data obtained from the High-Energy Particle Detector (HEPD) on board CSES-01 is carried out. This estimation will serve as the starting ground for a forthcoming complete data analysis, enabling extensive testing and validation of current theoretical and empirical models.

Published
2021
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10. Scientific Goals and In-orbit Performance of the High-energy Particle Detector on Board the CSES

Author

Roberto Battiston, P. Picozza, D. Campana, V. Vitale, Maria Ionica, Valentina Scotti, Marco Casolino, L. Patrizii, R. Sparvoli, Matteo Martucci, Ignazio Lazzizzera, L. Marcelli, M. Merge, S. Bartocci, M. Pozzato, M. Lolli, S. B. Ricciarini, I. Rashevskaya, Alessandro Sotgiu, F. Palma, Ester Ricci, Mirko Piersanti, F. Perfetto, Andrea Contin, Francesco Maria Follega, Bruno Spataro, G. Masciantonio, C. De Donato, S. Zoffoli, F. Palmonari, P. Cipollone, G. Castellini, L. Basara, C. Guandalini, Maria Antonietta Ricci, Livio Conti, G. Ambrosi, Beatrice Panico, C. Manea, A. Parmentier, L. Carfora, M. Puel, P. Zuccon, L. Pacini, G. Laurenti, W.J. Burger, C. De Santis, R. Iuppa, G. Osteria, Picozza, P., Battiston, R., Ambrosi, G., Bartocci, S., Basara, L., Burger, W. J., Campana, D., Carfora, L., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., Cipollone, P., Conti, L., Contin, A., De Donato, C., De Santis, C., Follega, F. M., Guandalini, C., Ionica, M., Iuppa, R., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lolli, M., Manea, C., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Masciantonio, G., Mergé, M., Osteria, G., Pacini, L., Palma, F., Palmonari, F., Panico, B., Parmentier, A., Patrizii, L., Perfetto, F., Piersanti, M., Pozzato, M., Puel, M., Rashevskaya, I., Ricci, E., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S., Scotti, V., Sotgiu, A., Sparvoli, R., Spataro, B., Vitale, V., Zuccon, P., Zoffoli, S., Picozza P., Battiston R., Ambrosi G., Bartocci S., Basara L., Burger W.J., Campana D., Carfora L., Casolino M., Castellini G., Cipollone P., Conti L., Contin A., De Donato C., De Santis C., Follega F.M., Guandalini C., Ionica M., Iuppa R., Laurenti G., Lazzizzera I., Lolli M., Manea C., Marcelli L., Martucci M., Masciantonio G., Merge M., Osteria G., Pacini L., Palma F., Palmonari F., Panico B., Parmentier A., Patrizii L., Perfetto F., Piersanti M., Pozzato M., Puel M., Rashevskaya I., Ricci E., Ricci M., Ricciarini S., Scotti V., Sotgiu A., Sparvoli R., Spataro B., Vitale V., Zuccon P., and Zoffoli S.

Subjects
Astroparticle physics, Physics, High energy particle, solar-terrestrial relation, business.industry, Settore FIS/04, Detector, astroparticle physic, Earth, telescopes, Astronomy and Astrophysics, solar-terrestrial relations, Physics::Geophysics, On board, astroparticle physics, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Aerospace engineering, Orbit (control theory), business
Abstract

The China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) aims to monitor electromagnetic, particle, and plasma perturbations in the iono-magnetosphere and inner Van Allen radiation belts originated by electromagnetic sources external and internal to the geomagnetic cavity, cosmic rays, and solar events. In particular, the objective of the space mission is to investigate lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling mechanisms (including the effects of lightning, earthquakes, volcanoes, and artificial electromagnetic emissions) that induce perturbations of the top side of the ionosphere and lower boundary of the radiation belts. To this purpose, the mission has been conceived to take advantage of a multi-instrument payload comprising nine detectors for the measurement of electromagnetic field components, plasma parameters, and energetic particles, as well as X-ray flux. The Italian team participating in the CSES mission has built one of these devices, the High-Energy Particle Detector (HEPD), for high-precision observations of electrons, protons, and light nuclei. During its trip along the orbit, and thanks to the large set of detectors operated on board, CSES completely monitors the Earth, acting as an excellent instrument for space weather. The satellite was launched on 2018 February 2, with an expected life span of 5 yr. This article describes the CSES mission with a particular focus on the HEPD apparatus and its in-flight performance.

Published
2019
Full Text
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11. The HEPD particle detector of the CSES satellite mission for investigating seismo-associated perturbations of the Van Allen belts

Author

F. Perfetto, Bruno Spataro, P. Cipollone, S. B. Ricciarini, L. Pacini, Roberta Sparvoli, Piergiorgio Picozza, Cinzia De Donato, Roberto Battiston, F. Palma, Vincenzo Vitale, S. Bartocci, M. Pozzato, Beatrice Panico, Giovanni Ambrosi, G. Laurenti, I. Lazzizzera, Valentina Scotti, L. Carfora, L. Patrizii, G. Masciantonio, G. Castellini, Cristina Guandalini, L. Marcelli, M. Ricci, Francesco Maria Follega, Ester Ricci, Andrea Contin, Irina Rashevskaya, Matteo Puel, F. Palmonari, Alessando Sotgiu, Roberto Iuppa, Livio Conti, Cristian De Santis, M. Merge, C. Manea, Laurent Basara, William J. Burger, G. Osteria, Maria Ionica, M. Lolli, Ambrosi, Giovanni, Bartocci, Simona, Basara, Laurent, Battiston, Roberto, Burger, William J., Carfora, Luca, Castellini, Guido, Cipollone, Piero, Conti, Livio, Contin, Andrea, De Donato, Cinzia, De Santis, Cristian, Follega, Francesco M., Guandalini, Cristina, Ionica, Maria, Iuppa, Roberto, Laurenti, Giuliano, Lazzizzera, Ignazio, Lolli, Mauro, Manea, Christian, Marcelli, Laura, Masciantonio, Giuseppe, Mergé, Matteo, Osteria, Giuseppe, Pacini, Lorenzo, Palma, Francesco, Palmonari, Federico, Panico, Beatrice, Patrizii, Laura, Perfetto, Francesco, Picozza, Piergiorgio, Pozzato, Michele, Puel, Matteo, Rashevskaya, Irina, Ricci, Ester, Ricci, Marco, Ricciarini, Sergio Bruno, Scotti, Valentina, Sotgiu, Alessando, Sparvoli, Roberta, Spataro, Bruno, Vitale, Vincenzo, Ambrosi, G., Bartocci, S., Basara, L., Battiston, R., Burger, W. J., Carfora, L., Castellini, G., Cipollone, P., Conti, L., Contin, A., De Donato, C., De Santis, C., Follega, F. M., Guandalini, C., Ionica, M., Iuppa, R., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lolli, M., Manea, C., Marcelli, L., Masciantonio, G., Mergé, M., Osteria, G., Pacini, L., Palma, F., Palmonari, F., Panico, B., Patrizii, L., Perfetto, F., Picozza, P., Pozzato, M., Puel, M., Rashevskaya, I., Ricci, E., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Scotti, V., Sotgiu, A., Sparvoli, R., Spataro, B., and Vitale, V.

Subjects
High energy particle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, seismic-precursor, space weather, Magnetosphere, Cosmic ray, ionosphere, Space weather, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, Physics::Geophysics, symbols.namesake, Engineering (all), cosmic rays, General Materials Science, Van Allen belts, cosmic ray, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, particle detector, Settore FIS/01, Physics, Van Allen belt, General Engineering, Astronomy, Charged particle, Van Allen radiation belt, earthquake, Physics::Space Physics, symbols, magnetosphere, seismic-precursors, Satellite, Materials Science (all)
Abstract

CSES (China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite) is a mission developed by CNSA (Chinese National Space Administration) and ASI (Italian Space Agency), to investigate the near-Earth electromagnetic, plasma and particle environment, for studying the seismo-associated disturbances in the ionosphere-magnetosphere transition zone. The anthropogenic and electromagnetic noise, as well as the natural non-seismic electromagnetic emissions is mainly due to tropospheric activity. In particular, the mission aims to confirming the existence of possible temporal correlations between the occurrence of earthquakes for medium and strong magnitude and the observation in space of electromagnetic perturbations, plasma variations and precipitation of bursts with high-energy charged particles from the inner Van Allen belt. In this framework, the high energy particle detector (HEPD) of the CSES mission has been developed by the Italian LIMADOU Collaboration. HEPD is an advanced detector based on a tower of scintillators and a silicon tracker that provides good energy and angular resolution and a wide angular acceptance, for electrons of 3-100 MeV, protons of 30-200 MeV and light nuclei up to the oxygen. CSES satellite has been launched on February 2nd, 2018 from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (China). © 2018, Science China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

Published
2018
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12. Status and performance of the High Energy Particle Detector (HEPD) on-board the CSES-01 satellite

Author

C. De Donato, Ignazio Lazzizzera, C. Guandalini, F. De Persio, M. Puel, Matteo Martucci, Maria Antonietta Ricci, L. Basara, B Di Ruzza, Francesco Maria Follega, Paolo Zuccon, L. Carfora, F. Palma, Ester Ricci, V. Vitale, S. Bartoccia, C. De Santis, P. Picozza, I. Rashevskaya, Alessandro Sotgiu, Valentina Scotti, W. J. Burger, G. Laurenti, G. Osteria, G. Masciantonio, G. Ambrosi, F. Perfetto, R. Iuppa, G. Castellini, Bruno Spataro, L. Marcelli, P. Cipollone, L. Pacini, Beatrice Panico, A. Parmentier, Andrea Contin, Maria Ionica, M. Merge, M. Lolli, L. Patrizii, R. Sparvoli, S. B. Ricciarini, Mirko Piersanti, F. Palmonari, D. Campana, Marco Casolino, Livio Conti, C. Manea, M. Pozzato, Simona Zoffoli, Roberto Battiston, Sotgiu, A., Ambrosi, G., Battiston, R., Bartocci, S., Basara, L., Burger, W. J., Campana, D., Carfora, L., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., Cipollone, P., Conti, L., Contin, A., de Donato, C., de Persio, F., de Santis, C., Di Ruzza, B., Follega, F. M., Guandalini, C., Ionica, M., Iuppa, R., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lolli, M., Manea, C., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Masciantonio, G., Merge, M., Osteria, G., Pacini, L., Palma, F., Palmonari, F., Panico, B., Parmentier, A., Patrizii, L., Perfetto, F., Picozza, P., Piersanti, M., Pozzato, M., Puel, M., Rashevskaya, I., Ricci, E., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S., Scotti, V., Sparvoli, R., Spataro, B., Vitale, V., Zuccon, P., and Zoffoli, S.

Subjects
Plastic scintillator, Physics, Settore FIS/01, Range (particle radiation), High energy particle, Calorimeter (particle physics), Charged particles, Electric and magnetic fields, Satellites, Detector, In-flight performance, Particle detectors, Charged particle, Particle identification, Cosmology, High-energy particles, Computational physics, Charged particles, Cosmic rays, Cosmology, Particle detectors, Charged particle flux, Electric and magnetic fields, High energy particle detectors, High-energy particles, In-flight performance, Operational conditions, Particle identifications, Plastic scintillator, Satellites, Charged particle flux, Particle identifications, High energy particle detectors, Satellite, Operational conditions, Cosmic rays, Space environment
Abstract

CSES-01 (China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite) is a space mission dedicated to the study of the ionospheric environment, searching for disturbances that can be correlated to seismic activity. For this reason, the satellite is equipped with several instruments to monitor various physical parameters including the Earth's electric and magnetic field, ionospheric plasma principal parameters (i.e. density, temperature, and ions composition) and high energy particle flux fluctuations. The High Energy Particle Detector (HEPD), built by the Italian CSES-Limadou collaboration, is designed to detect mostly electrons in the energy range between 3 MeV and 100 MeV and protons in the energy range between 30 MeV and 300 MeV. The detector is composed of a tracking system, a segmented layer of plastic scintillator (used for the trigger), a range calorimeter and a veto system. After CSES-01 launch (February 2, 2018), the apparatus underwent the commissioning phase where its configuration was adjusted in order to guarantee optimal operational conditions in the space environment. Now the satellite is in stable data-taking mode. In this work a description of the HEPD detector will be reported, focusing on the results of the electron and proton test beam calibrations. In addition, a particular relevance will be given to the presentation of the HEPD in-flight performance, such as its good capability in particle identification. The high statistic collected by HEPD, thanks to its large acceptance window, makes it perfectly suitable for the investigation of fluctuations in the charged particle fluxes.

13. Space-weather capabilities and preliminary results of the high energy particle detector (HEPD) on board the CSES-01 satellite

Author

L. Patrizii, R. Sparvoli, F. De Persio, Roberto Battiston, Andrea Contin, M. Pozzato, V. Vitale, Valentina Scotti, S. Bartocci, F. Perfetto, L. Pacini, Bruno Spataro, L. Marcelli, Ignazio Lazzizzera, D. Campana, F. Palmonari, P. Cipollone, M. Puel, G. Masciantonio, L. Basara, S. B. Ricciarini, Livio Conti, W. J. Burger, Marco Casolino, Mirko Piersanti, Paolo Zuccon, G. Castellini, C. De Santis, B Di Ruzza, Francesco Maria Follega, P. Picozza, F. Palma, C. Manea, Beatrice Panico, G. Laurenti, A. Parmentier, Maria Ionica, Simona Zoffoli, Ester Ricci, M. Merge, R. Iuppa, I. Rashevskaya, M. Lolli, Alessandro Sotgiu, L. Carfora, Maria Antonietta Ricci, G. Osteria, G. Ambrosi, C. De Donato, C. Guandalini, Matteo Martucci, Martucci, M., Ambrosi, G., Battiston, R., Bartocci, S., Basara, L., Burger, W. J., Campana, D., Carfora, L., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., Cipollone, P., Conti, L., Contin, A., de Donato, C., de Persio, F., de Santis, C., Di Ruzza, B., Follega, F. M., Guandalini, C., Ionica, M., Iuppa, R., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lolli, M., Manea, C., Marcelli, L., Masciantonio, G., Merge, M., Osteria, G., Pacini, L., Palma, F., Palmonari, F., Panico, B., Parmentier, A., Patrizii, L., Perfetto, F., Picozza, P., Piersanti, M., Pozzato, M., Puel, M., Rashevskaya, I., Ricci, E., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S., Scotti, V., Sotgiu, A., Sparvoli, R., Spataro, B., Vitale, V., Zuccon, P., and Zoffoli, S.

Subjects
Settore FIS/01, High energy particle, Detector, Space administration, Orbits, Particle detectors, Data analysis techniques, Italian Space Agency, Space weather, Galactic cosmic rays, Population statistics, Cosmology, On board, Cosmic rays, Cosmology, Ionosphere, Magnetosphere, Particle detectors, Population statistics, Data analysis techniques, Detection and discriminations, Different time scale, Galactic cosmic rays, High energy particle detectors, Italian Space Agency, Near-Earth environments, Space administration, Orbits, Detection and discriminations, Magnetosphere, Environmental science, High energy particle detectors, Satellite, Ionosphere, Near-Earth environments, Cosmic rays, Different time scale, Remote sensing
Abstract

CSES-01 (China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite) is a mission developed by CNSA (Chinese National Space Administration) and ASI (Italian Space Agency) to investigate the near-Earth electromagnetic, plasma and particle environment, focusing on the disturbances of the ionosphere-magnetosphere transition region. In this framework, the Italian High Energy Particle Detector (HEPD) on board CSES-01, is an advanced detector based on a tower of scintillators and a silicon tracker that provide good energy resolution as well as a wide angular acceptance for electrons of 3-100 MeV, protons of 30-200 MeV and light nuclei (up to Oxygen). The very good capabilities in both detection and discrimination of particles make the detector well suited for space-weather purposes; indeed HEPD is able to continuously monitor the magnetospheric environment with high precision and stability in time. Turbulent conditions in the near-Earth environment translate into modification of particles and magnetic/electric measurements at different time-scales. In this work, the data-analysis techniques and some preliminary results concerning the study of different proton populations encountered along CSES-01 orbit (galactic cosmic rays, re-entrant albedo etc.) are presented.

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