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Introduction De plus en plus d’études menées au Canada portent sur le lien entre le sommeil et la santé mentale. Cette recherche s’appuie sur ces travaux en étudiant les associations entre, d’une part, la durée et la qualité du sommeil et, d’autre part, une santé mentale positive ainsi que la maladie mentale et les idées suicidaires chez les jeunes et les adultes dans trois provinces canadiennes (l’Ontario, le Manitoba et la Saskatchewan). Methods À l’aide de données transversales recueillies auprès de répondants de 12 ans et plus (n = 18 683) ayant répondu à des questions au sujet de leur sommeil dans l’Enquête sur la santé dans les collectivités canadiennes de 2015 – Composante annuelle, nous avons réalisé des analyses de régression logistique non ajustées et des analyses de régression logistique ajustées en fonction des mesures autodéclarées sur la durée et la qualité du sommeil sous forme de variables indépendantes et d’un éventail d’indicateurs d’une santé mentale positive (par ex. une bonne santé mentale autoévaluée) et de maladie mentale ou d’idées suicidaires (par ex. un diagnostic de trouble de l’humeur) sous forme de variables dépendantes. Les analyses ont été réalisées au moyen des données des répondants ayant répondu à toutes les questions et elles ont été stratifiées selon le sexe et le groupe d’âge. Results Une bonne qualité de sommeil était associée à une probabilité plus élevée d’indicateurs d’une santé mentale positive (rapport de cotes ajusté [RCa] : 1,52 à 4,24) et à une probabilité plus faible d’indicateurs de maladie mentale et d’idées suicidaires (RCa : 0,23 à 0,47), et les associations sont demeurées significatives lorsque les analyses ont été stratifiées. Le respect des recommandations sur la durée du sommeil était associé positivement aux indicateurs d’une santé mentale positive (RCa : 1,27 à 1,56) et était associé négativement aux indicateurs de maladie mentale et d’idées suicidaires (RCa : 0,41 à 0,80), mais certaines associations ne sont pas demeurées significatives après la stratification. Conclusion Cette étude confirme les associations entre, d’une part, la durée et la qualité du sommeil et, d’autre part, les indicateurs d’une santé mentale positive ainsi que de maladie mentale et d’idées suicidaires. Les résultats peuvent orienter les futures activités de recherche et de surveillance visant à assurer le suivi des comportements en matière de sommeil et des indicateurs d’une santé mentale positive ainsi que de maladie mentale et d’idées suicidaires.

Background: Abiraterone acetate plus prednisolone (herein referred to as abiraterone) or enzalutamide added at the start of androgen deprivation therapy improves outcomes for patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Here, we aimed to evaluate long-term outcomes and test whether combining enzalutamide with abiraterone and androgen deprivation therapy improves survival. Methods: We analysed two open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trials of the STAMPEDE platform protocol, with no overlapping controls, conducted at 117 sites in the UK and Switzerland. Eligible patients (no age restriction) had metastatic, histologically-confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma; a WHO performance status of 0–2; and adequate haematological, renal, and liver function. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) using a computerised algorithm and a minimisation technique to either standard of care (androgen deprivation therapy; docetaxel 75 mg/m 2 intravenously for six cycles with prednisolone 10 mg orally once per day allowed from Dec 17, 2015) or standard of care plus abiraterone acetate 1000 mg and prednisolone 5 mg (in the abiraterone trial) orally or abiraterone acetate and prednisolone plus enzalutamide 160 mg orally once a day (in the abiraterone and enzalutamide trial). Patients were stratified by centre, age, WHO performance status, type of androgen deprivation therapy, use of aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, pelvic nodal status, planned radiotherapy, and planned docetaxel use. The primary outcome was overall survival assessed in the intention-to-treat population. Safety was assessed in all patients who started treatment. A fixed-effects meta-analysis of individual patient data was used to compare differences in survival between the two trials. STAMPEDE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00268476) and ISRCTN (ISRCTN78818544). Findings: Between Nov 15, 2011, and Jan 17, 2014, 1003 patients were randomly assigned to standard of care (n=502) or standard of care plus abiraterone (n=501) in the abiraterone trial. Between July 29, 2014, and March 31, 2016, 916 patients were randomly assigned to standard of care (n=454) or standard of care plus abiraterone and enzalutamide (n=462) in the abiraterone and enzalutamide trial. Median follow-up was 96 months (IQR 86–107) in the abiraterone trial and 72 months (61–74) in the abiraterone and enzalutamide trial. In the abiraterone trial, median overall survival was 76·6 months (95% CI 67·8–86·9) in the abiraterone group versus 45·7 months (41·6–52·0) in the standard of care group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·62 [95% CI 0·53–0·73]; pinteraction=0·71) or between-trial heterogeneity (I 2 p=0·70). In the first 5 years of treatment, grade 3–5 toxic effects were higher when abiraterone was added to standard of care (271 [54%] of 498 vs 192 [38%] of 502 with standard of care) and the highest toxic effects were seen when abiraterone and enzalutamide were added to standard of care (302 [68%] of 445 vs 204 [45%] of 454 with standard of care). Cardiac causes were the most common cause of death due to adverse events (five [1%] with standard of care plus abiraterone and enzalutamide [two attributed to treatment] and one (

Introduction L’isolement social et la solitude sont associés à une moins bonne santé mentale chez les aînés. Toutefois, on en sait moins sur la façon dont ces expériences sont associées de manière indépendante à une santé mentale positive pendant la pandémie de COVID-19. Méthodologie Nous avons analysé les données des cycles de 2020 et de 2021 de l’Enquête sur la COVID-19 et la santé mentale pour être en mesure d’estimer le degré d’isolement social (le fait de vivre seul), la solitude et divers indicateurs d’une santé mentale positive (bonne santé mentale autoévaluée, fort sentiment d’appartenance à la communauté locale et satisfaction moyenne à l’égard de la vie) chez les aînés en général (65 ans ou plus) et en fonction de divers groupes sociodémographiques. Nous avons également effectué des régressions logistiques et linéaires pour analyser séparément et conjointement la façon dont l’isolement social et la solitude sont associés à une santé mentale positive. Résultats Près de 3 aînés sur 10 ont déclaré vivre seuls, et plus du tiers ont déclaré éprouver un sentiment de solitude en raison de la pandémie. Analysés séparément, le fait de vivre seul et le sentiment de solitude ont été associés à une santé mentale positive plus faible. Dans l’analyse conjointe, le sentiment de solitude est demeuré un important facteur indépendant associé aux trois indicateurs de santé mentale positive (globalement et dans tous les groupes sociodémographiques), mais le fait de vivre seul ne s’est révélé un facteur important que dans le cas d’un fort sentiment d’appartenance à la communauté locale dans la population globale, pour les hommes et pour les 65 à 74 ans. Conclusion De manière générale, l’isolement social et la solitude ont été associés à un bien-être inférieur chez les aînés au Canada pendant la pandémie. La solitude est demeurée un facteur important associé à tous les indicateurs de santé mentale positive après ajustement pour l’isolement social, mais non l’inverse. Ces résultats montrent qu’il faut repérer et soutenir adéquatement les aînés qui souffrent de solitude pendant (et après) une pandémie.

The majority of active-duty service members obtain insufficient sleep, which can influence diagnostic evaluations for sleep disorders, including disorders of hypersomnolence. An incorrect diagnosis of hypersomnia may be career ending for military service or lead to inappropriate medical care. This study was conducted to assess the rates at which narcolepsy (Nc) and idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) are diagnosed by military vs civilian sleep disorders centers.This retrospective study utilized claims data from the Military Health System Data Repository. The analyses compared diagnostic rates of military personnel by provider type-either civilian provider or military provider-from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2019. Three diagnostic categories for Nc and IH: Nc or IH, Nc only, and IH only, were assessed with multivariate logistic regression models.We found that among service members evaluated for a sleep disorder, the odds ratios of a positive diagnosis at a civilian facility vs a military facility for Nc or IH was 2.1, for Nc only was 2.1, and IH only was 2.0 over the 4-year period.Civilian sleep specialists were twice as likely to diagnose central disorders of hypersomnolence compared to military specialists. Raising awareness about this discrepancy is critical given the occupational and patient care-related implications of misdiagnoses.Thomas CL, Vattikuti S, Shaha D, et al. Central disorders of hypersomnolence: diagnostic discrepancies between military and civilian sleep centers.

Canada, Uruguay, and 18 states in the U.S. have legalized the use of nonmedical (recreational) cannabis for adults, yet the impact of legalization on adolescent cannabis use remains unclear. This study examined whether cannabis legalization for adults predicted changes in the probability of cannabis use among adolescents aged 13-18 years.Data were drawn from 3 longitudinal studies of youth (spanning 1999-2020) centered in 3 U.S. states: Oregon, New York, and Washington. During this time, Oregon (2015) and Washington (2012) passed cannabis legalization; New York did not. In each study, youth average age was 15 years (total N=940; 49%-56% female, 11%-81% Black/African American and/or Latinx). Multilevel modeling (in 2021) of repeated measures tested whether legalization predicted within- or between-person change in past-year cannabis use or use frequency over time.Change in legalization status across adolescence was not significantly related to within-person change in the probability or frequency of self-reported past-year cannabis use. At the between-person level, youth who spent more of their adolescence under legalization were no more or less likely to have used cannabis at age 15 years than adolescents who spent little or no time under legalization.This study addresses several limitations of repeated cross-sectional studies of the impact of cannabis legalization on adolescent cannabis use. Findings are not consistent with changes in the prevalence or frequency of adolescent cannabis use after legalization. Ongoing surveillance and analyses of subpopulations are recommended.

A primary step toward assessing the time and size of future earthquakes is identifying earthquake recurrence patterns in the seismic record. The San Andreas fault (SAF) is one of the most studied active faults in the world. However, there is no unequivocal interpretation of paleoseismic data to determine the timing and rupture extent of the earthquakes that occurred prior to the historical 1857 and 1906 ruptures. The penultimate earthquake is the least well-dated earthquake along the Cholame, Carrizo, and Big Bend sections of the SAF. The main reason for this poor determination is because the past few hundred years have seen large natural fluctuations in atmospheric C14 concentration. These fluctuations mean that a single radiocarbon date may yield a calibrated age consisting of several possible age ranges. At sites along frequently rupturing faults with historical ruptures, such as the SAF and the North Anatolian fault in Turkey, determining the incision age of channels displaced only by the most recent earthquake can place a tighter minimum limit on the possible age range of the penultimate earthquake. In our study, we dated five sandy fill units with the post-infrared infrared-stimulated luminescence method on single feldspar grains of channel Sieh 31 in the Carrizo Plain. The data indicate the channel Sieh 31, offset ∼6 m during the 1857 earthquake, incised before ∼1740 ± 30 C.E. (1σ). This new result trims the age constraint of the penultimate earthquake that ruptured the Carrizo section of the SAF determined at the nearby Bidart Fan site from 1640–1857 to 1631–1745 C.E., tightening the age constraint by nearly 80 yr. The revised mean recurrence interval for surface rupturing earthquakes along the Carrizo section of the south-central SAF is 117 yr (95% confidence interval 62–255 yr). This approach can improve paleoearthquake age and slip-per-earthquake constraints.

Introduction Un sommeil suffisant et un sommeil de bonne qualité sont des composantes cruciales du développement sain des enfants. Si des recherches antérieures laissent entrevoir des associations entre le sommeil et une bonne santé mentale, peu d’études ont été menées chez les enfants canadiens. Méthodologie Cette étude se fonde sur les données de l’Enquête canadienne sur la santé des enfants et des jeunes de 2019. Des parents d’enfants âgés de 5 à 11 ans (N = 16 170) ont fait état des habitudes de sommeil et de la santé mentale de leurs enfants. Des statistiques descriptives ont servi à calculer les moyennes et les pourcentages des indicateurs du sommeil et de la santé mentale. Une régression logistique a été utilisée pour comparer les résultats en matière de santé mentale en fonction du respect des recommandations sur la durée du sommeil (9 à 11 heures de sommeil contre moins de 9 heures ou plus de 11 heures), la qualité du sommeil (difficulté à s’endormir) et l’application de règles relatives à l’heure du coucher. Résultats Dans l’ensemble, 86,2 % des enfants de 5 à 11 ans respectaient les recommandations sur la durée du sommeil (9 à 11 heures de sommeil), 90,0 % avaient un sommeil de grande qualité et 83,1 % avaient des règles à respecter concernant l’heure du coucher. Si 83,0 % des enfants avaient un niveau élevé de santé mentale générale, des diagnostics en matière de santé mentale ont tout de même été déclarés pour 9,5 % des enfants, et 15,8 % ont eu besoin de soins de santé mentale ou en ont reçus. Un sommeil de grande qualité a été systématiquement associé à une meilleure santé mentale, l’application de règles relatives à l’heure du coucher a été associée à certains effets négatifs sur la santé mentale et le respect des recommandations sur la durée du sommeil ne semble pas avoir d’incidence sur la santé mentale. Conclusion Cette étude révèle une forte association entre la qualité du sommeil et la santé mentale chez les enfants. Les recherches futures devraient se pencher sur les associations longitudinales entre le sommeil et la santé mentale des enfants canadiens.

Introduction Sufficient sleep and good quality sleep are crucial aspects of children’s healthy development. While previous research has suggested associations between sleep and positive mental health, few studies have been conducted in Canadian children. Methods This study used data from the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth. Parents of children aged 5 to 11 years (N = 16 170) reported on their children’s sleep habits and mental health. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate means and percentages for sleep and mental health indicators. Logistic regression was used to compare mental health outcomes by meeting sleep duration recommendations (9–11 hours of sleep vs. $lt; 9 or $gt; 11 hours of sleep), sleep quality (difficulties getting to sleep) and having enforced rules for bedtime. Results Overall, 86.2% of children aged 5 to 11 years met sleep duration recommendations (9–11 hours of sleep), 90.0% had high sleep quality and 83.1% had enforced rules for bedtime. While 83.0% of children had high general mental health, mental health diagnoses were reported for 9.5% of children, and 15.8% of children required or received mental health care. High sleep quality was consistently associated with better mental health, enforced rules for bedtime were associated with some negative mental health outcomes and meeting sleep duration recommendations tended not to be associated with mental health outcomes. Conclusion Sleep quality was strongly associated with mental health among children in this study. Future research should explore longitudinal associations between sleep and mental health in Canadian children.

To date, our knowledge of the effects of exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) on children's functioning via parenting have relied on individual approaches, effectively placing parents outside of a relationship context, and greatly neglecting to incorporate fathers. The present study addresses these gaps by utilizing a dyadic model to assess how mothers' and fathers' psychological and physical IPV perpetration in early childhood (age 5 years) predicts both their own and each other's parenting in midchildhood (age 7 years) and, in turn, children's social and scholastic competence in late childhood (ages 11-12 years). Such models reflect the current consensus that bidirectional IPV is the most common pattern among couples. The present study involved 175 children (87 females) of 105 mothers and 102 fathers who were originally in the Oregon Youth Study (OYS, N = 206). Simple mediation results suggest maternal involvement in parenting is an important mediational mechanism for the relation between maternal IPV as a perpetrator and victim and childhood competencies. Similarly, father's involvement with parenting served as a mediational mechanism for social competence but only for his own IPV perpetration. Dyadic actor-partner models with maternal and paternal parenting yielded few significant mediational pathways, which is likely partially due to strong shared variance across partners in both IPV and parenting, leaving little unique variance. Overall, results indicated that father's IPV perpetration adds valuable information in explaining child adjustment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

BackgroundPre-clinical models demonstrate that platelet activation is involved in the spread of malignancy. Ongoing clinical trials are assessing whether aspirin, which inhibits platelet activation, can prevent or delay metastases.MethodsUrinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (U-TXM), a biomarker of in vivo platelet activation, was measured after radical cancer therapy and correlated with patient demographics, tumour type, recent treatment, and aspirin use (100 mg, 300 mg or placebo daily) using multivariable linear regression models with log-transformed values.ResultsIn total, 716 patients (breast 260, colorectal 192, gastro-oesophageal 53, prostate 211) median age 61 years, 50% male were studied. Baseline median U-TXM were breast 782; colorectal 1060; gastro-oesophageal 1675 and prostate 826 pg/mg creatinine; higher than healthy individuals (~500 pg/mg creatinine). Higher levels were associated with raised body mass index, inflammatory markers, and in the colorectal and gastro-oesophageal participants compared to breast participants (P ConclusionsPersistently increased thromboxane biosynthesis was detected after radical cancer therapy, particularly in colorectal and gastro-oesophageal patients. Thromboxane biosynthesis should be explored further as a biomarker of active malignancy and may identify patients likely to benefit from aspirin.

To determine whether functional lung avoidance based onPatients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (or oligometastatic disease treated with curative intent) undergoing CCRT with at least a 10 pack-year smoking history were eligible. Patients underwent pretreatmentTwenty-seven patients were randomized before the trial was closed due to slower-than-expected accrual, with 11 randomized to the standard arm and 16 to the avoidance arm. Baseline patient characteristics were well-balanced. At 3 months post-RT, the mean ± SD LCS scores were 17.4 ± 2.8 versus 17.3 ± 6.1 for the standard and avoidance arms, respectively (P = .485). A clinically meaningful, prespecified decline of ≥3 points in the LCS score was observed in 50% (4/8) in the standard arm and 33% (4/12) in the avoidance arm (P = .648). Two patients in each arm developed grade ≥2 radiation pneumonitis, with no grade ≥4 toxicities.Although this trial did not reach full accrual, QOL scores were very similar between arms. Due to the scarcity of

The recovery of valuable bioactive compounds from the main underutilised by-products of the food industry is one of the greatest challenges to be addressed in circular economy. Potato peels are the largest waste generated during potato processing. However, they could be a potential source of valuable bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, that can be reused as natural antioxidants. Currently, environmentally benign enabling technologies and new types of non-toxic organic solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds may dramatically improve the sustainability of these processes. This paper focuses on the potential inherent in the valorisation of violet potato peels (VPPs) by recovering antioxidants using natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) under ultrasound (US)- and microwave (MW)-assisted extraction. Both the enabling technologies provided performances that were superior to those of conventional extractions in terms of antioxidant activity determined by the DPPH· (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. In particular, the most promising approach using NaDES is proven to be the acoustic cavitation with a Trolox eq. of 1874.0 mmolTE/gExtr (40 °C, 500 W, 30 min), vs. the 510.1 mmolTE/gExtr of hydroalcoholic extraction (80 °C, 4 h). The shelf-life of both hydroalcoholic and NaDES-VPPs extracts have been assessed over a period of 24 months, and found that NaDES granted a 5.6-fold shelf-life extension. Finally, the antiproliferative activity of both hydroalcoholic and NaDES-VPPs extracts was evaluated in vitro using the MTS assay on human tumour Caco-2 cells and normal human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT). In particular, NaDES-VPPs extracts exhibited a significantly more pronounced antiproliferative activity compared to the ethanolic extracts without a noteworthy difference between effects on the two cell lines.

Introduction A growing number of Canadian studies have examined the link between sleep and mental health. This research builds upon that work by investigating associations of sleep duration and quality with positive mental health (PMH) and mental illness and suicidal ideation (MI/SI) outcomes among youth and adults from three Canadian provinces (i.e. Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan). Methods Using cross-sectional data from respondents 12 years and older (n = 18 683) who were asked questions on their sleep in the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey – Annual Component, we conducted unadjusted and adjusted logistic regressions with self-reported measures of sleep duration and sleep quality as independent variables and a range of PMH (e.g. high self-rated mental health) and MI/SI indicators (e.g. mood disorder diagnosis) as dependent variables. Analyses were conducted of all complete cases and also stratified by sex and age group. Results Good sleep quality was associated with higher odds of PMH indicators (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.52–4.24) and lower odds of MI/SI indicators (aOR: 0.23– 0.47); associations remained significant when analyses were stratified. Meeting sleep duration recommendations was positively associated with PMH indicators (aOR: 1.27– 1.56) and negatively associated with MI/SI indicators (aOR: 0.41–0.80), but some associations did not remain significant when stratified. Conclusion This study provides support for associations between sleep duration and quality and indicators of PMH and MI/SI. Findings can inform future research and surveillance efforts that monitor sleep behaviours and indicators of PMH and MI/SI.

Purpose The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an intervention (Growing Resilience And CouragE; GRACE) on spiritual well-being, quality of life, and general well-being in women with metastatic cancers reporting existential or spiritual distress. Patients and Methods Prospective, randomized, wait-list control clinical trial. Women with metastatic cancer experiencing existential or spiritual concerns were randomized to GRACE or waitlist control. Survey data were collected at baseline, end of program, and 1-month follow-up. Participants included English-speaking women, 18 or older, with metastatic cancer, existential or spiritual concerns, and reasonable medical stability. Eighty-one women were assessed for eligibility; 10 were excluded (not meeting exclusion criteria, refusal to participate, and death). The primary outcome was spiritual well-being measured pre- and post-program. Secondary measures assessed quality of life, anxiety, depression, hopelessness, and loneliness. Results Seventy-one women (aged 47-72) were enrolled (GRACE n = 37, waitlist control n = 34). GRACE participants demonstrated significant improvements in spiritual well-being compared to control at end of program (parameter estimate (PE), 16.67, 95% CI, 13.17, 20.16) and 1-month follow-up (PE, 10.31, 95% CI, 6.73, 13.89). Additionally, significant improvements were demonstrated in quality of life at the end of program (PE, 8.51, 95% CI, 4.26, 12.76) and 1-month follow-up (PE, 6.17, 95% CI, 1.75, 10.58). GRACE participants also demonstrated improved depression and hopelessness at follow-up, as well as improved anxiety. Conclusions Findings suggest the value of evidence-based psychoeducational and experiential interventions for improving the well-being and quality of life of women with advanced cancer. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02707510.

INTRODUCTION: Social isolation and loneliness are associated with poorer mental health among older adults. However, less is known about how these experiences are independently associated with positive mental health (PMH) during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We analyzed data from the 2020 and 2021 cycles of the Survey on COVID-19 and Mental Health to provide estimates of social isolation (i.e. living alone), loneliness and PMH outcomes (i.e. high self-rated mental health, high community belonging, mean life satisfaction) in the overall older adult population (i.e. 65+ years) and across sociodemographic groups. We also conducted logistic and linear regressions to separately and simultaneously examine how social isolation and loneliness are associated with PMH. RESULTS: Nearly 3 in 10 older adults reported living alone, and over a third reported feelings of loneliness due to the pandemic. When examined separately, living alone and loneliness were each associated with lower PMH. When assessed simultaneously, loneliness remained a significant independent factor associated with all three PMH outcomes (overall and across all sociodemographic groups), but living alone was only a significant factor for high community belonging in the overall population, for males and for those aged 65 to 74 years. CONCLUSION: Overall, social isolation and loneliness were associated with poorer well-being among older adults in Canada during the pandemic. Loneliness remained a significant factor related to all PMH outcomes after adjusting for social isolation, but not vice versa. The findings highlight the need to appropriately identify and support lonely older adults during (and beyond) the pandemic.

Convergent plate boundaries show sharp variations in orogenic width and extent of intraplate deformation. Analysis of late Cenozoic contractile deformation along the Andean mountain front and adjacent foreland highlights the contrasting degrees of deformation advance toward the plate interior. The retroarc positions of the Andean topographic front (marked by frontal thrust-belt structures) and foreland deformation front (defined by isolated basement block uplifts) range from 300 to 900 km inboard of the trench axis. Over the ~8000 km arcuate length of the Andes (10°N to 55°S), four discrete maxima of inboard deformation advance are spatially co-located with the Peruvian (5°S–14°S) and Pampean (27°S–33°S) zones of flat slab subduction, the subducted Chile Ridge (45°S–48°S), and the anomalously thick Paleozoic stratigraphic wedge of Bolivia (17°S –23°S). The spatial correspondence of retroarc shortening with specific geodynamic configurations demonstrates the mechanical role of flat slab subduction, slab window development, and combined structural and stratigraphic geometries in shaping the orogenic architecture of Cordilleran margins, largely through lithospheric strengthening, weakening, and/or tectonic inheritance.

The identification of novel inhaled p38α/β mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) (MAPK14/11) inhibitors suitable for the treatment of pulmonary inflammatory conditions has been described. A rational drug design approach started from the identification of a novel tetrahydronaphthalene series, characterized by nanomolar inhibition of p38α with selectivity over p38γ and p38δ isoforms. SAR optimization of

[The Andean cordillera, the Himalayan collisionorogen, and the Apennine thrust belt are archetypes of different orogens associatedwith different sedimentary basins. Sediment storage capacity, maximum inforedeeps where slab retreat induces rapid subsidence of the downgoing plate, isminimum in broken retroarc basins where flat‐slab subduction leads to basininversion and uplift of basement blocks on the overriding plate. , Abstract Central Argentina from the Pampean flat‐slab segment to northern Patagonia (27°–41°S) represents a classic example of a broken retroarc basin with strong tectonic and climatic control on fluvial sediment transport. Combined with previous research focused on coastal sediments, this actualistic provenance study uses framework petrography and heavy‐mineral data to trace multistep dispersal of volcaniclastic detritus first eastwards across central Argentina for up to ca. 1,500 km and next northwards for another 760 km along the Atlantic coast. Although detritus generated in the Andes is largely derived from mesosilicic volcanic rocks of the cordillera, its compositional signatures reflect different tectono‐stratigraphic levels of the orogen uplifted along strike in response to varying subduction geometry as well as different character and crystallization condition of arc magmas through time and space. River sand, thus, changes from feldspatho‐litho‐quartzose or litho‐feldspatho‐quartzose in the north, where sedimentary detritus is more common, to mostly quartzo‐feldspatho‐lithic in the centre and to feldspatho‐lithic in the south, where volcanic detritus is dominant. The transparent‐heavy‐mineral suite changes markedly from amphibole ≫ clinopyroxene > orthopyroxene in the north, to amphibole ≈ clinopyroxene ≈ orthopyroxene in the centre and to orthopyroxene ≥ clinopyroxene ≫ amphibole in the south. In the presently dry climate, fluvial discharge is drastically reduced to the point that even the Desaguadero trunk river has become endorheic and orogenic detritus is dumped in the retroarc basin, reworked by winds and temporarily accumulated in dune fields. During the Quaternary, instead, much larger amounts of water were released by melting of the Cordilleran ice sheet or during pluvial events. The sediment‐laden waters of the Desaguadero and Colorado rivers then rushed from the tract of the Andes with greatest topographic and structural elevation, fostering alluvial fans inland and flowing in much larger valleys than today towards the Atlantic Ocean. Sand and gravel supply to the coast was high enough not only to promote rapid progradation of large deltaic lobes but also to feed a cell of littoral sediment transport extending as far north as the Rio de la Plata estuary.]

D’après les résultats de l’Enquête sur la COVID-19 et la santé mentale (ECSM) de 2020, la santé mentale positive chez les adultes au Canada était plus faible pendant la deuxième vague de la pandémie (automne 2020) qu’en 2019. Grâce aux données de l’hiver et du printemps 2021 de l’ECSM analysées dans cette étude, nous avons pu constater que la satisfaction moyenne à l’égard de la vie et la prévalence d’un niveau élevé de santé mentale autoévaluée, d’un fort sentiment d’appartenance à la communauté et d’une santé mentale perçue comme stable ou meilleure étaient encore plus faibles pendant la troisième vague de la pandémie que pendant la deuxième vague , à la fois dans l’ensemble de la population adulte et au sein de la plupart des groupes sociodémographiques.

Findings from the 2020 Survey on COVID-19 and Mental Health (SCMH) suggested that the positive mental health of adults in Canada was lower during the second wave of the pandemic (fall 2020) than in 2019. With 2021 SCMH data from winter/spring 2021, we find in the current study that average life satisfaction and the prevalence of high self-rated mental health, high community belonging and perceptions of stable/improved mental health were even lower during the third wave of the pandemic as compared to the second wave in the overall adult population and in most sociodemographic groups.D’après les résultats de l’Enquête sur la COVID-19 et la santé mentale (ECSM) de 2020, la santé mentale positive chez les adultes au Canada était plus faible pendant la deuxième vague de la pandémie (automne 2020) qu’en 2019. Grâce aux données de l’hiver et du printemps 2021 de l’ECSM analysées dans cette étude, nous avons pu constater que la satisfaction moyenne à l’égard de la vie et la prévalence d’un niveau élevé de santé mentale autoévaluée, d’un fort sentiment d’appartenance à la communauté et d’une santé mentale perçue comme stable ou meilleure étaient encore plus faibles pendant la troisième vague de la pandémie que pendant la deuxième vague , à la fois dans l’ensemble de la population adulte et au sein de la plupart des groupes sociodémographiques.Fewer adults in Canada reported high self-rated mental health in winter/spring 2021 (51.5%) compared to fall 2020 (59.9%). Fewer adults reported high community belonging in winter/spring 2021 (57.3%) compared to fall 2020 (63.7%). Rated from 0 (very dissatisfied) to 10 (very satisfied), average life satisfaction was lower in winter/spring 2021 (6.9) compared to fall 2020 (7.2). Fewer adults in winter/spring 2021 (58.1%) compared to fall 2020 (66.5%) reported that their mental health was better or about the same compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic.Le nombre d’adultes au Canada ayant fait état d’un niveau élevé de santé mentale autoévaluée s’est révélé moindre à l’hiver et au printemps 2021 (51,5 %) par rapport à l’automne 2020 (59,9 %). Le nombre d’adultes ayant fait état d’un fort sentiment d’appartenance à la communauté s’est révélé moindre à l’hiver et au printemps 2021 (57,3 %) par rapport à l’automne 2020 (63,7 %). Notée de 0 (très insatisfait) à 10 (très satisfait), la satisfaction moyenne à l’égard de la vie s’est révélée plus faible à l’hiver et au printemps 2021 (6,9) qu’elle ne l’était à l’automne 2020 (7,2). Le nombre d’adultes qui ont déclaré que leur santé mentale était meilleure ou à peu près la même qu’avant la pandémie de COVID-19 était moindre à l’hiver et au printemps 2021 (58,1 %) par rapport à l’automne 2020 (66,5 %).

BACKGROUND Sleep problems are common and costly in the U.S. military. There is a gross shortage of trained specialist providers to address sleep problems. Telehealth and mobile health represent promising approaches to increase access to high quality and cost-effective care. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to present preliminary data regarding patient engagement and provider perceived effectiveness gathered during a pilot study of a novel sleep telehealth platform that included a mobile app and integrated wearable sensors (i.e., a commercial off-the-shelf sleep tracker [Fitbit]). METHODS Patients with sleep problems were recruited from the Internal Medicine clinic at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center. Patients completed intensive remote monitoring assessments over ten days (baseline intake questionnaire, daily sleep diaries, 2x/daily symptom surveys), and wore a Fitbit. Following the remote monitoring period, patients received assessment results and personalized sleep education in the mobile app. Providers received a provisional patient-assessment report in editable electronic document format. Patient engagement was assessed via behavioral metrics, and providers completed an anonymous effectiveness survey. RESULTS Thirty-five patients with sleep problems participated in the study. Results indicated a high level of engagement with the sleep telehealth platform. Twenty-four primary care providers also participated. Survey responses indicated high levels of perceived effectiveness and identified several potential benefits from adopting a sleep telehealth approach throughout the U.S. military healthcare system. CONCLUSIONS Sleep telehealth approaches represent one potential pathway to increase access to evidence-based care in the U.S. military. Further evaluation of the novel sleep telehealth platform is warranted.

The proportion of people’s movement within Southeast Asia continues to rise with the UN estimating there are over ten million international migrants in the region. The causes of migration are varied and may be due to economic inequalities, environmental degradation, violent conflicts and other forms of human rights violations. Many of the richer countries in the region (where 96% of the region’s migrants are found) depend on human mobility to fill low-wage jobs in agriculture, tourism, construction, domestic help and their plight has been thrust into the spotlight by the COVID-19 pandemic. Forced, irregular and mixed migratory flows are all key trends in Southeast Asia. This chapter aims to explore the dynamics of these mixed migration flows by taking a theoretical approach to analysing migration in the region. The chapter concludes by assessing the effectiveness of existing policies and mechanisms in Southeast Asia in order to provide recommendations for a more rights-based regional approach to migration.

In Southeast Asia, the so-called phenomenon of independent child migration has received growing scholarly attention in the last decade or so. A common element of this body of literature is the questioning of the stereotypical adult-centred representation of children who migrate alone for work as passive victims of trafficking. Whilst not ignoring or downplaying that migrating children are especially vulnerable to abuse and exploitation, a number of scholars have emphasized that if we listen to these children’s voices, an alternative discourse and approach can be proposed. Refusing unidimensional interpretations of what is in fact a complex issue, this work has unveiled several conceptual shortcomings in the conflation of child trafficking and independent child migration. In so doing, increasing emphasis has been placed on the notions of children’s agency, capacities and “childhood as a social construction”. Though only at a nascent state, research has also focused on the often neglected perspective of children’s resilience.Based on a comprehensive literature review, this chapter shows that by looking at independent child migration through these lenses, adolescent migration for work can often be a constructive aspiration of young people’s search for the full realization of their rights and a better life.

Introduction Despite a high prevalence of sleep problems, there is a gross shortage of sleep clinicians within the military health system. To increase access to care, a novel telehealth platform was designed to empower patients and clinicians to make evidence-based sleep treatment decisions. Here, we present initial results from the implementation of this novel sleep telehealth platform in two military treatment facilities (MTFs). Methods Participants (N=305) with sleep complaints were recruited remotely and/or in-person from two MTFs. Participants were predominately men (53.4%), who self-identified as White (55.4%) or Black (24.1%) race and were retired or active-duty military servicemembers (69%). Average age was 45.9 (SD=13.3) years. Participants completed a baseline assessment including standardized research questionnaires via a mobile application (WellTap®). During a 10-day remote monitoring assessment, participants completed daily sleep diaries and twice-daily mood/daytime function surveys, while wearing a commercial-off-the-shelf device (Fitbit®). A personalized sleep report including evidence-based treatment recommendations was provided. Participants completed a satisfaction survey regarding the remote monitoring assessment. Results The most commonly reported sleep problems were difficulty staying asleep (65%), insufficient sleep (61%), and snoring (40%). Most participants described their sleep quality as “a little good” (51%) or “not at all good” (27%). Thirty-nine percent of participants reported moderate to severe insomnia complaints, 38% reported moderate to severe excessive daytime sleepiness, and 22% reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms. In terms of satisfaction, participants reported the sleep assessments were “easy” to complete (92%) and would consider sleep telehealth approaches in the future (95%). The vast majority of participants preferred to continue with sleep telehealth and preferred to combine a mobile app and remote monitoring with either virtual or face-to-face provider support. Conclusion Patients at two military treatment hospitals reported high levels of satisfaction with a novel 10-day intensive remote monitoring assessment including a mobile health assessment and wrist-wearable device. Future studies should evaluate the clinical and economic impact of sleep telehealth and remote monitoring in the U.S. military. Support (if any) Department of Defense (W81XWH1990006) via the Medical Technology Enterprise Consortium) to the University of Maryland, Baltimore (PI: EMW).

Introduction At the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) mobilized to rapidly conduct medical research to detect, prevent, and treat the disease in order to minimize the impact of the pandemic on the health and readiness of U.S. Forces. WRAIR’s major efforts included the development of the Department of Defense (DoD) COVID-19 vaccine candidate, researching novel drug therapies and monoclonal antibodies, refining and scaling-up diagnostic capabilities, evaluating the impact of viral diversity, assessing the behavioral health of Soldiers, supporting U.S. DoD operational forces overseas, and providing myriad assistance to allied nations. WRAIR personnel have also filled key roles within the whole of government response to the pandemic. WRAIR had to overcome major pandemic-related operational challenges in order to quickly execute a multimillion-dollar portfolio of COVID-19 research. Consequently, the organization learned lessons that could benefit other leaders of medical research organizations preparing for the next pandemic. Materials and Methods We identified lessons learned using a qualitative thematic analysis of 76 observation/recommendation pairs from across the organization. These lessons learned were organized under the Army’s four pillars of readiness (staffing, training, equipping, and leadership development). To this framework, we added organizing and leading to best capture our experiences within the context of pandemic response. Results The major lessons learned for organizing were: (1) the pandemic created a need to rapidly pivot to new scientific priorities; (2) necessary health and safety precautions disrupted the flow of normal science and put programs at risk of missing milestones; (3) relationships with partners and allies facilitated medical diplomacy and advancement of U.S. national military and economic goals; and (4) a successful response required interoperability within and across multiple organizations. For equipping: (1) existing infrastructure lacked sufficient capacity and technical capability to allow immediate countermeasure development; (2) critical supply chains were strained; and (3) critical information system function and capacity were suddenly insufficient under maximum remote work. For staffing and training: (1) successful telework required rapid shifts in management, engagement, and accountability methods; and (2) organizational policies and processes had to adapt quickly to support remote staffing. For leading and leadership development (1) engaged, hopeful, and empathetic leadership made a difference; and (2) the workforce benefitted from concerted leadership communication that created a shared understanding of shifting priorities as well as new processes and procedures. Conclusions An effective pandemic response requires comprehensive institutional preparedness that facilitates flexibility and surge capacity. The single most important action leaders of medical research organizations can take to prepare for the next pandemic is to develop a quick-reaction force that would activate under prespecified criteria to manage reprioritization of all science and support activities to address pandemic response priorities at the velocity of relevance.

Canadian surveys from spring/summer 2020 suggest the prevalence of some positive mental health (PMH) outcomes have declined compared to pre-pandemic levels. However, less is known about the state of PMH during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.We compared adults' self-rated mental health (SRMH), community belonging and life satisfaction in Fall 2020 versus 2019 in the overall population and across sociodemographic characteristics using cross-sectional data from the Survey on COVID-19 and Mental Health (September-December, 2020) and the 2019 Canadian Community Health Survey. We also conducted regression analyses to examine which sociodemographic factors were associated with reporting in Fall 2020 that one's mental health was about the same or better compared to before the pandemic.Fewer adults reported high SRMH in Fall 2020 (59.95%) than in 2019 (66.71%) and fewer reported high community belonging in Fall 2020 (63.64%) than in 2019 (68.42%). Rated from 0 (very dissatisfied) to 10 (very satisfied), average life satisfaction was lower in Fall 2020 (7.19) than in 2019 (8.08). Females, those aged under 65 years, those living in a population centre, and those absent from work due to COVID-19 had lower odds of reporting that their mental health was about the same or better in Fall 2020.The PMH of adults was lower during the pandemic's second wave. However, the majority of individuals still reported high SRMH and community belonging. The findings identify certain sociodemographic groups whose mental health appears to have been more negatively impacted by the pandemic. Continued surveillance is important in ensuring mental health builds back better and stronger in Canada after the pandemic.Des enquêtes canadiennes du printemps et de l’été 2020 ont fait état d’une diminution de la prévalence de certains résultats en matière de santé mentale positive par rapport aux niveaux d’avant la pandémie. Nous en savons moins sur la santé mentale positive pendant la deuxième vague de la pandémie de COVID 19.Nous avons comparé les données de l’automne 2020 à celles de l’année 2019 en ce qui concerne la santé mentale autoévaluée, le sentiment d’appartenance à la communauté et la satisfaction à l’égard de la vie chez les adultes, pour l’ensemble de la population et en fonction de caractéristiques sociodémographiques, en utilisant les données transversales de l’Enquête sur la COVID 19 et la santé mentale (de septembre à décembre 2020) et de l’Enquête sur la santé dans les collectivités canadiennes de 2019. Nous avons également effectué des analyses de régression pour déterminer quels facteurs sociodémographiques étaient associés au fait qu’une personne déclare à l’automne 2020 que sa santé mentale était à peu près la même ou meilleure qu’avant la pandémie.Moins d’adultes ont fait état d’un niveau élevé de santé mentale autoévaluée à l’automne 2020 (59,95 %) par rapport à 2019 (66,71 %) et d’un fort sentiment d’appartenance à la communauté à l’automne 2020 (63,64 %) par rapport à 2019 (68,42 %). La satisfaction moyenne à l’égard de la vie, mesurée sur une échelle de 0 (très insatisfait) à 10 (très satisfait), était plus faible à l’automne 2020 (7,19) qu’en 2019 (8,08). Les femmes, les personnes de moins de 65 ans, la population vivant en milieu urbain et les personnes n’étant pas au travail en raison de la COVID 19 étaient moins susceptibles d’affirmer que leur santé mentale était à peu près la même voire meilleure à l’automne 2020.La santé mentale positive des adultes s’est révélée plus faible pendant la deuxième vague de la pandémie. Cependant, la majorité des individus ont tout de même fait état d’un niveau élevé de santé mentale autoévaluée et d’un fort sentiment d’appartenance à la communauté. D’après nos résultats, la pandémie semble avoir nui davantage à la santé mentale de certains groupes sociodémographiques. Il est important d’assurer une surveillance continue pour veiller à améliorer et à renforcer la santé mentale de la population canadienne après la pandémie.Fewer adults in Canada reported high self-rated mental health in Fall 2020 (59.95%) than in 2019 (66.71%). Fewer adults reported high community belonging in Fall 2020 (63.64%) than in 2019 (68.42%). Average life satisfaction was lower in Fall 2020 (7.19) than in 2019 (8.08). Being female, being under 65 years old, living in a population centre and being absent from work due to COVID-19 were associated with a lower likelihood of reporting that one’s mental health was about the same or better in Fall 2020.Moins d’adultes au Canada ont fait état d’un niveau élevé de santé mentale autoévaluée à l’automne 2020 (59,95 %) par rapport à 2019 (66,71 %). Moins d’adultes ont fait état d’un fort sentiment d’appartenance à la communauté à l’automne 2020 (63,64 %) par rapport à 2019 (68,42 %). La satisfaction moyenne à l’égard de la vie s’est révélée plus faible à l’automne 2020 (7,19) qu’en 2019 (8,08). Les femmes, les personnes de moins de 65 ans, la population vivant en milieu urbain et les personnes n’étant pas au travail en raison de la COVID 19 étaient moins susceptibles d’affirmer que leur santé mentale était à peu près la même voire meilleure à l’automne 2020.

Introduction De nombreux Canadiens font état d’une détérioration de leur santé mentale depuis le début de la pandémie de COVID-19 et des inquiétudes ont été exprimées quant à une possible augmentation du nombre de suicides. Cette étude porte sur les répercussions potentielles de la pandémie sur les idées suicidaires des adultes. Méthodologie Nous avons comparé les idées suicidaires autodéclarées en 2020 par rapport à celles autodéclarées en 2019 en analysant les données de l’Enquête sur la COVID-19 et la santé mentale (du 11 septembre au 4 décembre 2020) et de l’Enquête sur la santé dans les collectivités canadiennes de 2019. Nous avons effectué une régression logistique pour caractériser les populations à risque plus élevé d’idées suicidaires pendant la pandémie. Résultats Le pourcentage d’adultes ayant fait état d’idées suicidaires depuis le début de la pandémie (2,44 %) n’est pas significativement différent du pourcentage d’adultes ayant fait état d’idées suicidaires dans les douze derniers mois en 2019 (2,73 %). De façon générale, il n’y avait pas non plus de différences significatives dans la prévalence d’idées suicidaires récentes en 2020 par rapport à 2019 dans les nombreux groupes sociodémographiques que nous avons examinés. Les facteurs de risque liés à la déclaration d’idées suicidaires pendant la pandémie étaient le fait d’être âgé de moins de 65 ans; d’être né au Canada; d’être un travailleur de première ligne; d’avoir déclaré une perte de revenu ou d’emploi en lien avec la pandémie; d’avoir fait état d’un sentiment de solitude ou d’isolement en lien avec la pandémie; de vivre ou d’avoir vécu une situation extrêmement stressante ou traumatisante au cours de sa vie et enfin d’avoir un revenu familial et un niveau d’études inférieurs. Conclusion Dans le cadre de notre recherche, nous n’avons généralement pas observé de preuve de changements dans les idées suicidaires en raison de la pandémie. Une surveillance continue du suicide et des facteurs de risque et de protection est nécessaire pour soutenir les efforts de prévention du suicide.

We conducted a preregistered multilaboratory project ( k = 36; N = 3,531) to assess the size and robustness of ego-depletion effects using a novel replication method, termed the paradigmatic replication approach. Each laboratory implemented one of two procedures that was intended to manipulate self-control and tested performance on a subsequent measure of self-control. Confirmatory tests found a nonsignificant result ( d = 0.06). Confirmatory Bayesian meta-analyses using an informed-prior hypothesis (δ = 0.30, SD = 0.15) found that the data were 4 times more likely under the null than the alternative hypothesis. Hence, preregistered analyses did not find evidence for a depletion effect. Exploratory analyses on the full sample (i.e., ignoring exclusion criteria) found a statistically significant effect ( d = 0.08); Bayesian analyses showed that the data were about equally likely under the null and informed-prior hypotheses. Exploratory moderator tests suggested that the depletion effect was larger for participants who reported more fatigue but was not moderated by trait self-control, willpower beliefs, or action orientation.

Basic research studies in the past 2 decades have established that conduct problems and antisocial behavior are associated across generations within families. The Fast Track study represents a major prevention effort with children showing higher levels of conduct problems in childhood, and the Rothenberg et al. (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2022) study sheds light on whether this intervention has beneficial effects on the family of procreation. In this commentary, we consider the implications of the major finding that such effects were found for women but not for men. We discuss evidence that men's parenting behavior is influenced by the parenting behavior and overall risk of their women partners, and thus preventive interventions in childhood may have beneficial influences on fathers through mothers.

Sufficient sleep and good quality sleep are crucial aspects of children's healthy development. While previous research has suggested associations between sleep and positive mental health, few studies have been conducted in Canadian children.This study used data from the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth. Parents of children aged 5 to 11 years (N = 16 170) reported on their children's sleep habits and mental health. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate means and percentages for sleep and mental health indicators. Logistic regression was used to compare mental health outcomes by meeting sleep duration recommendations (9-11 hours of sleep vs.9 or11 hours of sleep), sleep quality (difficulties getting to sleep) and having enforced rules for bedtime.Overall, 86.2% of children aged 5 to 11 years met sleep duration recommendations (9-11 hours of sleep), 90.0% had high sleep quality and 83.1% had enforced rules for bedtime. While 83.0% of children had high general mental health, mental health diagnoses were reported for 9.5% of children, and 15.8% of children required or received mental health care. High sleep quality was consistently associated with better mental health, enforced rules for bedtime were associated with some negative mental health outcomes and meeting sleep duration recommendations tended not to be associated with mental health outcomes.Sleep quality was strongly associated with mental health among children in this study. Future research should explore longitudinal associations between sleep and mental health in Canadian children.Un sommeil suffisant et un sommeil de bonne qualité sont des composantes cruciales du développement sain des enfants. Si des recherches antérieures laissent entrevoir des associations entre le sommeil et une bonne santé mentale, peu d’études ont été menées chez les enfants canadiens.Cette étude se fonde sur les données de l’Enquête canadienne sur la santé des enfants et des jeunes de 2019. Des parents d’enfants âgés de 5 à 11 ans (N = 16 170) ont fait état des habitudes de sommeil et de la santé mentale de leurs enfants. Des statistiques descriptives ont servi à calculer les moyennes et les pourcentages des indicateurs du sommeil et de la santé mentale. Une régression logistique a été utilisée pour comparer les résultats en matière de santé mentale en fonction du respect des recommandations sur la durée du sommeil (9 à 11 heures de sommeil contre moins de 9 heures ou plus de 11 heures), la qualité du sommeil (difficulté à s’endormir) et l’application de règles relatives à l’heure du coucher.Dans l’ensemble, 86,2 % des enfants de 5 à 11 ans respectaient les recommandations sur la durée du sommeil (9 à 11 heures de sommeil), 90,0 % avaient un sommeil de grande qualité et 83,1 % avaient des règles à respecter concernant l’heure du coucher. Si 83,0 % des enfants avaient un niveau élevé de santé mentale générale, des diagnostics en matière de santé mentale ont tout de même été déclarés pour 9,5 % des enfants, et 15,8 % ont eu besoin de soins de santé mentale ou en ont reçus. Un sommeil de grande qualité a été systématiquement associé à une meilleure santé mentale, l’application de règles relatives à l’heure du coucher a été associée à certains effets négatifs sur la santé mentale et le respect des recommandations sur la durée du sommeil ne semble pas avoir d’incidence sur la santé mentale.Cette étude révèle une forte association entre la qualité du sommeil et la santé mentale chez les enfants. Les recherches futures devraient se pencher sur les associations longitudinales entre le sommeil et la santé mentale des enfants canadiens.

Background: It is known that sleep disturbance is associated with increased suicidal thinking. Moreover, completed suicides, when adjusted for the proportion of the populace that is awake at a given time, are more probable during the late night/early morning hours. Despite these concerns, no studies have examined the role of trait-like individual differences in vulnerability to suicidal ideation during sleep deprivation or insomnia. In two separate studies, we examined whether the trait of extraversion is predictive of changes in suicidal thinking following two nights of sleep deprivation and among individuals meeting the criteria for insomnia.Methods:Study 1: Twenty-five healthy military personnel (20 males), ages 20–35 completed the NEO-PI-R Extraversion scale and the Suicidal Ideation (SUI) scale of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). Participants completed 77 h of continuous sleep deprivation. After 56 h of sleep deprivation, participants completed the SUI scale a second time. We predicted a change in SUI scores from baseline extraversion. Study 2: 2,061 adults aged 18–79 (900 males) were divided into two groups based on the clinical threshold (≥ 10) on the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and completed measures of extraversion and depression, including the suicide item of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ9).Results:Study 1: After controlling for the caffeine group and changes in PAI Depression, Extraversion scores were used to predict changes in SUI scores using stepwise multiple linear regression. Higher Extraversion was significantly associated with increased non-clinical suicidal ideation following sleep loss, β = 0.463, partial r = 0.512, p = 0.013. Study 2: After controlling for depression, the effect of insomnia on suicidal ideation was moderated by trait extraversion (p < 0.0001). Overall, the presence or absence of insomnia had little effect on individuals low in trait extraversion (i.e., introverts), but insomnia was associated with significantly higher suicidal ideation among high trait extraverted individuals.Conclusions: Higher trait extraversion was associated with increased vulnerability to suicidal ideation between rested baseline and total sleep deprivation and was associated with greater suicidal ideation among those meeting criteria for clinically severe insomnia. These findings point to a potential trait-like vulnerability factor that may further our understanding of sleep disruption in the phenomenology of suicide.

During evolution, plants have faced countless stresses of both biotic and abiotic nature developing very effective mechanisms able to perceive and counteract adverse signals. The biggest challenge is the ability to fine-tune the trade-off between plant growth and stress resistance. The Antarctic plant