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Objective To explore the association between DLL3 expression and chemosensitivity of advanced SCLC patients to cis-platinum/etoposide therapy, and to evaluate the prognostic value of DLL3. Methods We selected 64 patients diagnosed as stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ SCLC. Protein levels of DLL3 were examined by immunohistochemistry. χ2 test was used to analyze the relation between DLL3 expression and chemotherapy efficacy. Kaplan-Meier and Cox multivariate analysis were used to investigate the impacts of DLL3 and other factors on PFS and OS of advanced SCLC patients. Results DLL3 was detected in 84.1% (54/64) of the samples and not associated with gender, age, smoking history or stage (P > 0.05). The response rate(RR) and disease control rate in DLL3-high group were lower than those in DLL3-low group (P < 0.05); PFS of patients with low DLL3 expression were better than those with high DLL3 expression (P < 0.05). DLL3 expression, tumor stage and tumor diameter were independent prognostic factors for PFS, and tumor stage was an independent prognostic factor for OS of advanced SCLC patients. Conclusion DLL3 is related to the response rate of EP chemotherapy and PFS. It may become a biomarker for predicting chemosensitivity. DLL3 has no predictive value for long-term prognosis of patients with advanced SCLC.

Additional file 1. Supplementary research data of human placental exosomes induce maternal systemic immune tolerence by reprogramming circulating monocytes.

Background. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex class of endocrine disorders with insulin resistance, compensatory hyperinsulinemia, and obesity. However, the pathogenesis and therapies of PCOS have not been fully elucidated. Exosomal miRNAs have the potential to serve as biomarkers and therapies for a wide range of medical conditions. Method. We collected follicular fluid from 5 PCOS patients and 5 healthy people. High-throughput sequencing technology to identify differentially expressed miRNAs and untargeted metabolome identify differential metabolites in follicular fluid exosomal. RT-qPCR and AUC analysis were performed. Result. miRNA high-throughput sequencing identified 124 differential miRNAs. RT-qPCR analysis confirmed the sequencing results. These differential miRNA target genes are mainly involved in metabolic pathways. Metabolomics studies identified 31 differential metabolites. miRNA and lncRNA coexpression networks in metabolic pathways rigorously screened 28 differentially expressed miRNAs. This network would identify miRNA signatures associated with metabolic processes in PCOS. Meanwhile, the area under curve of receiver operating characteristic revealed that hsa-miR-196a-3p, hsa-miR-143-5p, hsa-miR-106a-3p, hsa-miR-34a-5p, and hsa-miR-20a-5p were potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of PCOS. Conclusion. Collectively, these results demonstrate the potential pathogenesis of PCOS, and follicular fluid exosomal miRNAs may be efficient targets for the diagnosis and treatment of PCOS in long-term clinical studies.

The concept of spread through air spaces (STAS) has been described as a new form of invasion in the lung in the 2015 WHO classification of Lung Tumors, namely invasion through alveolar spaces. STAS is a prognostic factor independent of growth pattern and tumor stage, and it is also an independent risk factor for unfavorable prognosis of stage I lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and stage I lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The pathological characteristics are different between ADC and SCC. STAS is not reported as routine, so setting a unified pathological reading standard, and hunting for STAS as a regular reading process is urgently advocated. We write this review to investigate the research progress of STAS and its effects on the prognosis of lung cancer.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Table S2. Figure S1. Figure S2. Figure S3. Figure S4. Figure S5. Figure S6.

In modern transportation, pavement is one of the most important civil infrastructures for the movement of vehicles and pedestrians. Pavement service quality and service life are of great importance for civil engineers as they directly affect the regular service for the users. Therefore, monitoring the health status of pavement before irreversible damage occurs is essential for timely maintenance, which in turn ensures public transportation safety. Many pavement damages can be detected and analyzed by monitoring the structure dynamic responses and evaluating road surface conditions. Advanced technologies can be employed for the collection and analysis of such data, including various intrusive sensing techniques, image processing techniques, and machine learning methods. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art of these three technologies in pavement engineering in recent years and suggests possible developments for future pavement monitoring and analysis based on these approaches.

At present, the pavement performance detection to realize the unification and standardization, but as a result of intelligent information needs to be improved, the road detection coverage is small, less frequency and real-time performance. This study aims to use of smartphones as a means, research and development the APP that the smartphone detection driving vibration. This paper through the analysis of vibration data to get condition of pavement performance. In this paper, research has shown that the smartphone APP can compare gathers the real road driving vibration. Vibration data could recognize vehicle deceleration and acceleration and different road surface characteristics. Synthetic acceleration index can be used to solve the problem of mobile phone placing position uncertainty. In this paper, preliminary studies suggest that still needs to carry out a large number of experimental studies to establish relationship between vibration acceleration and pavement performance, in order to meet the practical needs.

Bone tissue engineering scaffolds for the reconstruction of large bone defects should simultaneously promote osteogenic differentiation and avoid postoperative infection. Herein, we develop, for the first time, Ag-loaded MgSrFe-layered double hydroxide/chitosan (Ag-MgSrFe/CS) composite scaffold. This scaffold exhibits three-dimensional interconnected macroporous structure with a pore size of 100-300 μm. The layered double hydroxide nanoplates in the Ag-MgSrFe/CS show lateral sizes of 200-400 nm and thicknesses of ∼50 nm, and the Ag nanoparticles with particle sizes of ∼20 nm are uniformly dispersed on the scaffold surfaces. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) present good adhesion, spreading, and proliferation on the Ag-MgSrFe/CS composite scaffold, suggesting that the Ag and Sr elements in the composite scaffold have no toxicity to hBMSCs. When compared with MgFe/CS composite scaffold, the Ag-MgSrFe/CS composite scaffold has better osteogenic property. The released Sr2+ ions from the composite scaffold enhance the alkaline phosphatase activity of hBMSCs, promote the extracellular matrix mineralization, and increase the expression levels of osteogenic-related RUNX2 and BMP-2. Moreover, the Ag-MgSrFe/CS composite scaffold possesses good antibacterial property because the Ag nanoparticles in the composite scaffold effectively prevent biofilm formation against S. aureus. Hence, the Ag-MgSrFe/CS composite scaffold with excellent osteoinductivity and antibacterial property has a great potential for bone tissue engineering. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 863-873, 2018.

The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of phenylethanol glycosides (PhGs) on H2O2- and β-amyloid peptide (Aβ)1-42-induced injury of PC12 cells as an in vitro model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The optimal induction conditions were established through screening of various incubation times and concentrations. PC12 cells were treated with 0.5 µM Aβ1-42 and H2O2 in the presence of PhGs for 24 h and the cell viability was then evaluated by an MTT assay; lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were also measured. The optimal conditions for establishing the AD model were the treatment of PC12 cells with 0.5 µM Aβ1-42 for 48 h, or with 25 µM H2O2 dissolved in DMEM with PBS. PhGs at concentrations of 5, 25 and 50 µg/ml increased the viability and decreased LDH and MDA release by PC12 cells injured with Aβ1-42 or H2O2. In conclusion, the model of Aβ1-42- and H2O2-induced PC12 cell injury was successfully established. PhGs were shown to have a significant neuroprotective effect against Aβ1-42- or H2O2-induced cell injury.

Dandan Cao,1,2 Jun Sha,1,2 Rui Cui,1,2 Shuhua Han1 1Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, South-East University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 2Medicine Department of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Shuhua HanDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Ding Jia Qiao No. 87, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail hanshuhua0922@126.comAbstract: The concept of spread through air spaces (STAS) has been described as a new form of invasion in the lung in the 2015 WHO classification of Lung Tumors, namely invasion through alveolar spaces. STAS is a prognostic factor independent of growth pattern and tumor stage, and it is also an independent risk factor for unfavorable prognosis of stage I lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and stage I lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The pathological characteristics are different between ADC and SCC. STAS is not reported as routine, so setting a unified pathological reading standard, and hunting for STAS as a regular reading process is urgently advocated. We write this review to investigate the research progress of STAS and its effects on the prognosis of lung cancer.Keywords: lung cancer, STAS, pathological characteristics, prognosis

Genus Homalota Mannerheim, 1830 Type species: Aleochara plana Gyllenhal, 1810. Diagnosis: Homalota is distinguished by the following combination of characters: 1) body strongly to moderately flattened dorsoventrally, parallel-sided; 2) head almost as wide as pronotum; 3) eye moderate in siZe, slightly protruding outwards; 4) infraorbital carina well developed, complete; 5) labial palpus with two palpomeres, ligula bifid in apical half; 6) scutellum posteromedially round; 7) tarsal formula 4-4-5, the first metatarsomere elongate or usually shorter (Yang, 1982); 8) mesocoXae narrowly separated, isthmus present, less than about half of mesocoXae length; 9) posterior margin of tergite VIII with processes in males (most species) or in both seXes (some species) (Kim & Ahn, 2014)., Published as part of Cao, Dandan, Wei, Jianrong, Liu, Shuwen, Zhao, Zhengping, Wang, Liping & Ji, Baozhong, 2018, A new species of Homalota Mannerheim, 1830 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) from Nanjing, China, pp. 327-332 in Zootaxa 4444 (3) on page 328, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4444.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/1309723, {"references":["Mannerheim CG (1830) Precis d'un nouvel arrangement de la famille des brachelytres, de l'ordre des insectes coleopteres. Privately published, St. Petersbourg, 87 pp.","Gyllenhal, L. (1810) Insecta Suecica descripta. Classis I. Coleoptera sive Eleuterata. Tomi I. Pars II. L. J. Leverentz, Scaris, 660 pp.","Yang, J. K. (1982) The key to the genera of Staphylinidae in India Burma. Natural Enemies of Insects, 4, 61 - 72. [in Chinese]","Kim, Y. H. & Ahn, K. J. (2014) Taxonomy of the genus Homalota Mannerheim in Korea (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). ZooKeys, 447, 109 - 123. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 447.7728"]}

Cao, Dandan, Wei, Jianrong, Liu, Shuwen, Zhao, Zhengping, Wang, Liping, Ji, Baozhong (2018): A new species of Homalota Mannerheim, 1830 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) from Nanjing, China. Zootaxa 4444 (3): 327-332, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4444.3.7

Homalota nanjingensis Cao, Ji & Liu, sp. nov. Type locality: China, Jangsu rpovince, Nanjing Zijin Mountain. Type materials: HOLOTYPE &male;: China, Jiangsu province, Nanjing Zijin Mountain National Forest Park, 15 August 2013, coll. S. W. Liu & D. D. Cao. PARATYPES: 3&female;, China, Jiangsu province, Nanjing, 8 July 2013, coll. Z. P. Zhao & D. D. Cao. 4&male;, China, Jiangsu province, Nanjing, 12 September 2013, coll. L. P. Wang & D. D. Cao. All type specimens are deposited in the Insect Museum of Hebei University, Baoding, China. Description: Body length about 1.5–2.0 mm. Body strongly flattened dorsoventrally, parallel-sided; slightly pubescent; yellowish brown, head, elytra, and abdominal tergite VI dark brown (Fig. 1). Head: Subquadrate (HL = 0.29± 0.02 mm; HW = 0.27± 0.01 mm; HW/HL = 1.11); eyes moderate in siZe, and slightly protruding outwards (Fig. 2), between ommatidia with sparse setae; antenna with 11 segments, 1–3 elongate, 4–10 transverse, moniliform (Fig. 3). Mouthparts: Labrum transverse, with 8 pairs of macrosetae symmetrically arranged on the two sides of longitudinal midline.α-sensillum with a setose process, c- and γ-minute and conical, &epsi; with a short setose process, distinctly shorter than α (Fig. 4); the molar region of the mandibles dorsal surface with small denticles, right mandible with small median tooth, prostheca well developed (Fig.5); labial palpi with sparse setae, labium with ligula moderate in length and bifid at half, a little shorter than labial palpomere 1, labial palpomere 1 longer than 2, two medial setae present on prementum, contiguous, side by side, median field of prementum narrow and with pseudopores, mentum slightly marginated in anterior margin (Fig. 6); maXillary palpomere 2 and 3 dilated distally, 4 without small spines at apeX (Fig. 7-8). Thorax: Pronotum transverse, about 1.29 times wider than long (PW = 0.35± 0.01 mm; PL = 0.27± 0.01 mm; PW/PL = 1.29), posterior margin straight. Elytra slightly wider than pronotum, postero-laterally slightly sinuate. Elytra (Fig. 10) longer than wide (EL = 0.34± 0.02 mm; EW = 0.18± 0.03 mm; EL/EW = 1.91), slightly longer than pronotum (EL/PL = 1.35), hind wings developed, 1-1.5 times than body length. Scutellum postero-medially round. MesocoXae narrowly separated (Fig. 9). Tarsomere 1 as long as 2 in front and middle leg, but longer than 2 in hind legs. Empodial setae present. Abdomen: Tergites III-?transversely impressed, with clear basal transverse lines; behind them uniformly covered with dense setae. Female: Posterior margin of female tergite VIII slightly sunk in middle part (Fig. 11); sternite? (Fig. 12) broadly rounded apically. Spermatheca simple and elongate, spermathecal tube slightly curved (Fig. 13). Male: Posterior margin of male tergite VIII with twao long and acute lateral processes, median area with 4 short and broad processes (Fig. 14); sternite VIII narrowly protruding medially (Fig. 15); aedeagus (Fig. 16) median lobe elongate, bulbous at base, apical process slightly longer than basal bulb (Fig. 17), flagellum well sclerotiZed and short (Fig. 19); the apical lobe of parameres long and nearly fusiform, the middle part dilated (Fig. 18), with two setae per paramere (Fig. 20), and approXimately equal in length. Habitat and distribution: The specimens were collected in Nanjing Zijin Mountain National Forest Park (Nanjing, China). We found this new species under bark of dead pine trees (P. massoniana) that had been killed by nematode B. xylophilus, but we did not find this new species beneath the bark of completely rotten timber. Larvae of H. nanjingensis usually occurred between May and August. In contrast, based on three years of the investigation (2011-2013), adults were found throughout the year, indicating that H. nanjingensis may overwinter as adults. With the secondary invasion of other insects (e.g. Scolytidae and Cerambycidae) and microorganisms, the number of staphylinid species increased correspondingly. There was a spatial-temporal niche overlap between Staphylinidae (H. nanjingensis was the dominant species) and wood borer pests (Cao et al. 2013b), but whether H. nanjingensis interacts with these wood borers remains unknown. In addition, feeding habits of Aleocharinae beetles are compleXed (Cao et al. 2013a), research on biology and behavior of H. nanjingensis will be continued. Etymology: In our study, all samples of this species were collected from the Zijin Mountain National Forest Park, in the east of Nanjing City. The specific name is derived from the name of the type locality, Nanjing. Comparative remarks: Kim and Ahn (2014) revised the Korean species of Homalota, and provided detailed descriptions of five species and a key. Homalota nanjingensis can be distinguished from all species known in China by the following combination of characters: body strongly flattened dorsoventrally, parallel-sided, slightly pubescent; head slightly narrower than pronotum, posterior margin of pronotum relatively straight; male tergite? with two elongate lateral teeth, and with two setae per paramere. The key of species recorded in China was enclosed (AppendiX 1).

Background: This analysis assessed, on a group level, whether there is a long-term advantage for early RA patients treated with adalimumab (ADA) + MTX vs those initially treated with placebo (PBO) + MTX who either responded to therapy or added ADA following inadequate response (IR). Methods: OPTIMA was a 78- week, randomized, controlled trial of ADA + MTX vs PBO + MTX in MTX-naïve early (

Locoweeds are perennial herbaceous plants included in Astragalus spp. and Oxytropis spp. that contain the toxic indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine. The livestock that consume locoweed feeding can suffer from a type of toxicity called "locoism." There are aliphatic nitro compounds, selenium, selenium compounds and alkaloids in locoweed. The toxic component in locoweeds has been identified as swainsonine, an indolizidine alkaloid. Swainsonine inhibits lysosomal α-mannosidase and mannosidase II, resulting in altered oligosaccharide degradation and incomplete glycoprotein processing. As a result, livestock that consume locoweeds exhibit several symptoms, including dispirited behavior, staggering gait, chromatopsia, trembling, ataxia, and cellular vacuolar degeneration of most tissues by pathological observation. Locoism results in significant annual economic losses. Recently, locoweed populations have increased domestically in China and abroad, resulting in an increase in the incidence of poisoning. Therefore, in this paper, we review the current research on locoweed, including on species variation, pathogenesis, damage and poisoning prevention measures.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) demonstrates high heritability and familial clustering, yet the genetic causes remain only partially understood as a result of extensive clinical and genomic heterogeneity. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) shows promise as a tool for identifying ASD risk genes as well as unreported mutations in known loci, but an assessment of its full utility in an ASD group has not been performed. We used WGS to examine 32 families with ASD to detect de novo or rare inherited genetic variants predicted to be deleterious (loss-of-function and damaging missense mutations). Among ASD probands, we identified deleterious de novo mutations in six of 32 (19%) families and X-linked or autosomal inherited alterations in ten of 32 (31%) families (some had combinations of mutations). The proportion of families identified with such putative mutations was larger than has been previously reported; this yield was in part due to the comprehensive and uniform coverage afforded by WGS. Deleterious variants were found in four unrecognized, nine known, and eight candidate ASD risk genes. Examples include CAPRIN1 and AFF2 (both linked to FMR1, which is involved in fragile X syndrome), VIP (involved in social-cognitive deficits), and other genes such as SCN2A and KCNQ2 (linked to epilepsy), NRXN1, and CHD7, which causes ASD-associated CHARGE syndrome. Taken together, these results suggest that WGS and thorough bioinformatic analyses for de novo and rare inherited mutations will improve the detection of genetic variants likely to be associated with ASD or its accompanying clinical symptoms.