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While large left atrial mural thrombi are frequently occurred in moderate and severe mitral stenosis, left atrial thrombi are rarely seen in mild mitral stenosis. In this report we presented a case of 71-year-old woman with rheumatic mild mitral valve stenosis but had a giant left atrial thrombus derected by echocardiography., Orta ve ileri mitral darlığında büyük sol atriyal trombüs sık görülmekte iken hafif mitral darlığında sol atriyal trombüs nadirdir.Bu makalede, biz 71 yaşında bir bayanda hafif romatizmal mitral darlığı olmasına rağmen ekokardiyografi ile sol atriyumda dev trombüs tespit edilen bir olgu sunduk.

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is identified in approximately 27% of healthy individuals undergoing routine autopsy and in 25% of the general population on transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). PFO generally considered benign, but has been associated with stroke, migraine and diving decompression sickness. We presented a 49-year-old woman in which a thrombus was entrapped in a patent foramen ovale., Rutin otopsiye giden sağlıklı bireylerin yaklaşık %27'sinde, transesofageyal ekokardiyografi yapılan genel popülasyonun % 25 sinde patent foramen ovale tepit edilir. PFO genelde benign bir durum olup, ancak inme, migren ve dalgıç ekompresyon hastalıkları ile ilişkili olduğuda düşünülmektedir. Biz 49 yaşında PFO lu foramen ovaleye yerleşik trombüsü olan bir olgu sunduk.

This work has been financially supported by Tubitak-Bideb 2232 Program (Project No 114C069). Ontologies have often been recommended for E-learning systems, but few efforts have successfully incorporated student data to represent knowledge conceptualizations. Defining key concepts and their relations between each other establishes the backbone of our E-learning system. The system guides an individual student through his/her course by evaluating their progress and suggesting instructional material to review based upon their answers. Three main tasks are performed within this framework: building ontologies for the course, measuring a student's understanding level for the concepts, and making personal suggestions to create an individualized learning environment. This paper presents: the integration of ontologies, assisted with student data, together with an intelligent Recommendation Module for the development of an E-learning system; the comparison and correction adaption of ontology from students' mind maps; and the assessment of students' actual weaknesses in comparison to what Recommendation Module suggests. The sample of 127 students, five classrooms, was conveniently selected among seventh grade students of a demographically average school in a major city in Turkey. The students' achievement was assessed and the scores for different questions were investigated for associations with concepts made in the students' minds. The results provided significant correlations among scores, and a fit model for the concepts represented by questions. The student suggested model slightly differed from the ontology map from the experts. Based on the data-supported model, the Recommendation Module more accurately determined the students' learning deficiencies and suggested concepts to be reviewed. Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) 114C069

Ontologies play a significant role on Semantic Web based E-learning systems. This paper presents the development of an ontology editor. The main function of the editor is to create concept maps integrated with a ranking tool enabling running mathematical queries on the maps. An E-learning system built on ontology maps and semantic web tools offers unique capabilities such as evaluating the level of student's understanding and making content suggestions. In order to achieve this ultimate goal the first step is to create an ontology editor. While developing the editor, there are challenges that need to be explored in this study: Which concepts should be suggested when a subject is not understood? Is it possible to create mathematical models to determine concepts? What are the technical requirements to implement mathematical models in ontology maps? What are the advantages and disadvantages of storing concept maps in different environments such as XML and Graph Database? What is the feasibility of using query tools such as SPARQL, SQL and Cypher to integrate mathematical models with concept maps? This paper explores the answers to these questions and includes some examples with future directions.

Coronary-cameral fistula (CCF) is an anomalous connection between a coronary artery and cardiac chamber. Most of CCFs are discovered incidentally during angiographic evaluation for coronary vascular disorder. We report a case of CCF with angina pectoris. Selective coronary arteriography revealed diffuse CCF involving the left anterior descending artery (LAD) emptying into left ventricle (LV) and showed significant two-vessel coronary artery stenosis.

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an eponym for a heterogeneous group of immune-mediated peripheral neuropathies. We describe a case of GBS in a patient who recieved intravenous streptokinase therapy for acute anterior myocardial infarction. Clinical symptoms are thought to result from streptokinase-antibody complex mediated damage to the local blood-nerve barrier. Patient was treated with 5-days course of intravenous gammaglobulin and his outcome was good.