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Formic acid (HCOOH) as an inexpensive and versatile reagent has gained broad attention in the field of green synthesis and chemical industry. Formic acid acts not only as a convenient and less toxic CO surrogate, but also as an excellent formylative reagent, C1 source and hydrogen donor in organic reactions. Over the past decades, many exciting contributions have been made which have helped chemists to understand the mechanisms of these reactions. The review will examine recent advances in the utilization of formic acid as an economical, practical and multipurpose reactant in synthetic transformations.

Building an information-based rural economic supply chain is an effective way to implement the rural revitalization strategy. The construction of China’s agricultural product logistics market is still very backward, mainly including imperfect information system and high cost of intermediate circulation links. How to optimize the supply chain of agricultural products, ensure the normal supply of agricultural products quality and quantity in the market, improve people’s living standards, and achieve the purpose of improving benefits is an important topic to be studied today. Aiming at the problems of traditional agricultural products supply chain, the application of Internet of Things technology in supply chain can be effectively solved. Therefore, this paper proposes the research on the environmental effect evaluation of rural economic supply chain based on Internet of Things technology and proposes to build a wireless sensor network for agricultural products for the collection and exchange of agricultural products information. At the same time, RFID (radio-frequency identification) electronic tags integrated with sensors are applied in other links of the supply chain. The experimental results show that the construction of the rural economic supply chain system based on Internet of Things technology can effectively optimize the rural economic supply chain, realize efficient information sharing, improve the quality of agricultural products, reduce the cost of each link of the supply chain, improve the competitiveness of rural supply chain, and promote the good development of rural agricultural products and rural economic supply chain environment.

AIM:To evaluate the effect of monocular rectus surgery for adult sensory exotropia. METHODS: Totally 76 cases of adult sensory exotropia of degree -15△ to -160△(-68.36△±30.77△)examined through Krimsky method were included into this study. A total of 16 cases, 37 cases and 23 cases with different degrees of strabismus were treated separately with routine amount monocular lateral rectus recession, routine amount monocular medial rectus resection plus lateral rectus recession, and exceed constant amount monocular medial rectus resection plus lateral rectus recession. Follow-up was performed at 1d, 1wk, 1, 3 and 6mo after operation. The eye position, monocular movement, intraocular pressure(IOP), slit lamp, and fundus of these patients were examined. RESULTS:After surgery, 67 cases(88%)were positive and 9 cases(12%)were undercorrection. The postoperative intraocular pressure of operative eye at 1wk was equal to preoperative(P=0.090), and IOP decreased to a valley value at 1mo(PP=0.092), and no significant difference in intraocular pressure between 6mo and 3mo(P=0.123). And 2 cases(3%)had inflammatory reaction induced by anterior segment ischemia at 1d and 1wk postoperative visits, and they recovered at 1mo follow-up visit; 4 cases(5%)experienced an external dysfunction at the 1, 3 and 6mo follow-up. CONCLUSION:Monocular rectus surgery has a good therapeutic effect on adult patients with sensory exotropia; the decrease in intraocular pressure secondary to the detached rectus is worth the attention of the surgeon; the incidence of complications after detaching monocular of two rectus muscles is comparable low. Exceed constant amount rectus strabismus surgery for sensory exotropia may result in limited function of postoperative ocular hyperextension.

Talents is the core and most competitive resource for the private colleges being in a invincible position in the competitive market. How to effectively make good use of the talents is an artistic topic, and what is the most complex and difficult is how to stimulate the talents with a fair compensation system. The success of the sustainable development of private colleges to a large degree depends on a reasonable and effective compensation management system, and fundamentally guaranteeing human competitive advantage, thus shifting it to competition advantage in the market. The construction of faculty compensation system is an important content of the system construction in private colleges. This paper firstly puts forward the main problems existing in the faculty compensation system of private colleges nowadays, and then illustrates some principles of compensation system construction, and lastly proposes some suggestions for the construction of faculty compensation system in private colleges from the four aspects of compensation level, compensation structure, compensation relationship and compensation growth mechanism. With the further development of our country’s higher education, private higher education as a new force, has become an important part of higher education in our country, since it has made an indelible contribution to the development of education. In recent years, under the guidance of favorable national macro policy, private colleges have gained sustainable and healthy development. During the developing process of private colleges, the middle-aged and young teachers as the backbone of the construction of the private colleges, play an important role. Their work enthusiasm directly affects the healthy development of private colleges. Besides the success we have made, we should notice the restraining factors during the developing process of private colleges. And one of the restraining factors is the work enthusiasm, therefore, how to stimulate their work enthusiasm becomes the focus of private colleges. There are many factors which can arouse the enthusiasm of private colleges teachers, salary system as the key factors, should cause our enough attention. For the faculty compensation system of private colleges this paper unfold some thoughts in order to put forward some valuable suggestions.

The thermal fatigue behaviors of traditional Al-Si-Mg casting alloy and optimized Al-Si-Mg casting alloys at different thermal fatigue temperatures were investigated. Fatigue cracking appeared on the surface of traditional Al-Si-Mg alloy after 450 thermal cycles at 300 °C thermal fatigue temperature. However, the fatigue cracking was not found on the surface of optimized Al-Si-Mg alloy at the limited thermal fatigue cycles (less than 4450 times). Moreover, the optimized Al-Si-Mg alloy only occurred to elastic deformation and could not emerge in irreversible deformation. The grain refinement in the optimized Al-Si-Mg alloy could make the thermal fatigue cracking appeared much later and propagated much slowly. These results showed that the thermal fatigue resistance of optimized Al-Si-Mg alloy was superior to that of traditional Al-Si-Mg alloy.

This article overviews the general condition of roads and cement concrete in Hengshui City; Summarizes the characteristics of cement concrete pavement; Analyses the causes of current route status. Take the cement concrete pavement of Hengde Highway Jingzhou Connecting Line as an example, the article introduces the cement concrete pavement construction technology, construction quality control measures and effects, and the changes of construction quality two years after opening to traffic.

AIM: To detect the mutations in two candidate genes, myocilin (MYOC) and cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1), in a Chinese family with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).METHODS: The family was composed of three members, the parents and a daughter. All members of the family underwent complete ophthalmologic examinations. Exons of MYOC and CYP1B1 genes were screened for sequence alterations by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct DNA sequencing. RESULTS: The mother was the proband, she was diagnosed as POAG in both eyes. Her daughter was diagnosed as juvenile-onset POAG. The father was asymptomatic. One MYOC heterozygous mutation c.1150 G>A (D384N) in exon 3 was identified in the mother, another MYOC heterozygous variation c.1058 C>T (T353I) in exon 3 was identified in the father, and the daughter inherited both of the variations. Meanwhile, three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP1B1 gene were found in the family. CONCLUSION: The D384N mutation of MYOC has been reported as one of disease-causing mutations in POAG, whereas T353I variation of MYOC was thought as a high risk factor for POAG. The two variations of MYOC were first reported in one juvenile-onset POAG patient who presented with more severe clinical manifestations, suggesting that T353I polymorphism of MYOC may be associated with the severity of POAG.

Being compared with traditional wear resistant materials, the corrosion resistance of high boron iron-based alloy at 25°Cand at 60°Care researched respectively. The results show that the corrosion resistance of wear-resistant alloys decline at high temperature. At 25°C and at 60°C, though the corrosion resistance of high chromium cast iron is a little higher than that of high boron iron-based alloy in acid medium (PH=3), high boron iron-based alloy’s corrosion resistance is the best among these three materials in neutral medium (PH=7) and in alkaline medium (PH=12).

In recent years, with the development of economic, trades between countries become more frequent. So, the status of international freight forwarders becomes more and more important in terms of international trade. The economic globalization promotes the reintegration of international freight forwarding industry. Qingdao is a large port city of China, how to seize the opportunity and reintegration when fully open in the freight forwarding agent in China market to get the status in the international market. In this paper, we puts forward some development strategy for future development for Qingdao area forwarding market development bottleneck problems. In recent years, Because of the important geographical location and import & export trade with the rapid economic development, Qingdao region forwarder has sprung up. So far there are about more than 3000 freight enterprise in Qingdao, it presents prosperity. But on the other hand, forwarding industry expansion makes the enterprise competition more and more fierce with the obvious development bottleneck. Therefore, this paper studies the development bottleneck first, then puts forward the development strategy of Qingdao forwarder market(1).

The field emission scanning electron microscope is applied in this paper to analyze the surface topography of diamond crystal synthesized at high pressure and high temperature. The research shows that parallel steps, jagged steps, hexagonal hills exist on (111) plane of diamond. The topography has a relation to the growth way of diamond. The (111) planes of diamond crystal mainly grow in layer mode.

The microstructure of catalyst discs and fracture topography of boron-doped diamond blocks are analyzed in this paper. The results show that boron can promote or inhibit the growth of diamond crystal. The battens of metal carbides in catalyst are the main carbon source in the nucleation and growth of diamond. Crystal nucleus can absorb the carbon atoms from metal carbide in catalyst disc, and continually grow. It is resulted that the carbon atoms around the diamond grains in catalyst disc reduce, and the battens of metal carbides are thin. The more diamond grains are produced, the thinner battens of metal carbides in catalyst disc are formed.

A Detailed Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) Study Has Been Made of the Ageing Hardening Behavior of the γ1-Ti4Nb3Al9Precipitation Phase in the γ-TiAl Matrix in Ti-Al-Nb System. it Is Revealed that the γ1-Ti4Nb3Al9Precipitate, which Is Formed by a Normal Quench at 1473k and Ageing Treatment at 1073K, Takes Needle-Like Morphology with a Growing Axis Parallel to [001] Direction of the Matrix. the Needle-Like Precipitates Act as Barrier Grid to Inhibit Dislocation Moving on the Slipping Plane {111} of the γ-TiAl Matrix, which Helps to Improve the Strength of the Alloy. the Effects of the Third Element Niobium to the Strengthen of High Nb Containing TiAl Alloys Lie in Not only Solid Solution, but Also Ageing Hardening. the Interfaces between Precipitate and Matrix Are Also Investigated.

The mechanical properties and microstructure of high boron alloy (HBA) with different content of boron and carbon were investigated using Taguchi method for obtaining the optimized composition. In addition, the effect of modification with different RE content and the effect of heat treatment on the alloy were studied as well. Results show that the optimized chemical compositions of the HBA are as follows: 0.5% C、3.0% B、1.0% Si、1.0% Mn、1.0% Cu、1.5% Cr、0.5% V and the rest is Fe, and the best content of the RE are 0.8%-1.0%. After the modification and the heat treatment, the mechanical properties of alloy improve significantly. This is because that the matrix of alloy is changed from pearlite to martensite, and the network of boride is broken up and distributed more evenly to form an isolated and discontinuous distribution. The alloy with this composition has been successfully used for anode claw in aluminum smelter, which greatly improves the wear resistance.

The effect of copper addition on microstructures and mechanical properties of in situ TiC particulates reinforced Fe-based composites was investigated. The results demonstrated that copper was an expanding austenite element which could move eutectoid point to the left in Fe–C equilibrium diagram and result in the refinement of pearlite interlamelar spacing. Copper could effectively prevent the transition and deposition from carbon to graphite and also improve the activity of Ti and C element which was beneficial to synthesize more of TiC particulates. The Fe-based composites with a copper content of 1.5 wt% resulted in the best mechanical properties.

The conical spiral tube bundle is a new type of heat transfer elements used to enhance heat transfer through flow-induced vibration. The effect of the external fluid flow on the transverse vibration of the conical spiral tube bundle is investigated with a mathematical method proposed in this article. Firstly, the natural vibration of the tube bundle is obtained by the hammering excitation method and the mode shapes of the transverse vibration are discussed. Then the effect of the external fluid flow on the transverse vibration of tube bundle is analyzed by a combination of experimental data, empirical correlations and FEM. The results show that in the frequency range from 0 Hz to 50 Hz, there exist six transverse vibrations. The external fluid flow has a significant effect on the frequency of the tube's transverse vibration, which are decreased by about 18% to 24% when the external fluid flow speed is 0.3 m/s.

The growth process of synthetic diamond single crystals under high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) was investigated using acoustic emission (AE) technique. And AE parameters corresponding to growth process were analyzed. However, the AE features of diamond growth are relativelyweak and easily obscured by other AE sources. So the fast Fourier transformation (FFT) was used to calculate the frequency spectra of AE signals for identifying different AE sources. The results showed that the variation of AE counts and energy is in a good agreement with the formation process of synthetic diamond crystals. And the AE signals pronounced from diamond growth are concentrated in the frequency range from 100 to 250 kHz. Thus, AE technique is an effective way to monitor and study the diamond growth, and the frequency analysis can be a useful way to identify different AE sources.

TiC particles reinforced Fe matrix composites (TiCp/Fe) with different TiC volume fractions were prepared by in situ reaction synthesis process in conventional melting and casting route. The impact wear resistance and wear mechanism of the TiCp/Fe composites under casting and normalizing conditions were investigated using optical microscopy, SEM and a specially designed impact-abrasive wear device. Results showed that the impact wear of the TiCp/Fe composites occurred through microcutting, microploughing, and partly microcracking. With the increase of TiC volume fraction, the wear resistance of TiCp/Fe composites increased. The normalizing treatment greatly improved the impact wear resistance of the particle-reinforced composite due to formation of the fine secondary TiC particles.

Heat transfer enhancement is achieved by flow-induced vibration in elastic tube bundles heat exchangers. For a further understanding of heat transfer enhancement mechanism and tube structure optimization, it is of importance to study the vibration characteristics of fluid-structure interaction of tube bundles. The finite element method is applied in the study of fluid-structure interaction of a new type elastic heat transfer element, i.e., the dimensional conical spiral tube bundle. The vibration equation and element matrix for the tube are set up by the regulation of different helical angles and coordinate transformation, together with the simplification of the joint body of the two pipes. The vibration characteristics of conical spiral tube bundle are analyzed at different velocities of the tube-side flow, and the critical velocity of vibration buckling is obtained. The results show that the natural frequency of the tube bundle decreases as the flow speed increases, especially for the first order frequency, and the critical velocity of vibration buckling is between 1.2665 m/s–1.2669 m/s. The vibration mode of conical spiral tube bundle is mainly z-axial, which is feasible to be induced and controlled.

Boron-doped diamond single crystals were synthesized with Fe-Ni-C-B System catalysts which content of boron carbide (B4C) were different, and their crystallographic features were tested with electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), X-rays diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The experimental results showed that doped boron in the diamond could result in the changes of its crystallographic features. There were different X-ray peak intensities in the different boron-doped diamond crystals, and the intensities were changed with the content of B4C in the catalysts. With the increase of boron content in the diamond, the boron atoms resulted in the change of growing rate in different crystalline face of the diamond. The quality of diamond synthesized with catalyst which contained 0.2 w.t.% boron carbide was worse than others.

AIM: To observe the image difference of dimensional CT monocular superior oblique palsy form the patient's eyes.METHODS: Clinical cross-sectional study included of 30 cases which clinically diagnosed monocular congenital superior oblique palsy for dimensional CT. CT values were measured at the position of coronal oblique maximum cross-sectional area at patient eyes.RESULTS: Ocular and non-ocular paralysis of superior oblique muscle belly maximum cross-sectional area were 4.52±1.49, 8.80±1.42mm2,respectively. CT values were 11.57±22.88 and 35.13±9.74. Paralysis of eye muscles abdominal oblique maximum cross-sectional area and CT values were significantly less than those of the non-paralyzed eye. The difference had statistical significance.CONCLUSION: The results of dimensional CT scan shows that the CT value of patients with monocular congenital superior oblique palsy superior oblique eye muscle paralysis abdominal cross-sectional area is significantly higher than that of the non-paralyzed eye on the oblique abdominal muscle cross-sectional area.

The vapor and gas permeabilities of the polyethylene films, casting polypropylene films and nylon films were tested in the paper. The keeping fresh performances were analyzed. It was found that the life time of vegetable packaged by films with high gas permeability is longer. The films with high vapor permeability reduce the accumulation of water droplets, but the leaves of vegetable change from green to yellow for lack of oxygen. It shows that the gas permeability of the film is more important than its vapor permeability for the vegetable storage. The family should choose the films with high gas permeability and appropriate vapor permeability to store vegetables.

Emergency logistics is a new research field in recent years. At present, disaster accidents occur frequently. It caused huge losses to people's lives, property and social economy, so research on emergency logistics management ability has great theoretical and practical significance. Based on the analysis of emergency logistics, emergency management and other basic theory to find out problems existing in emergency logistics management and put forward the improvement proposal, in order to achieve the purpose of enhancement of our country's emergency logistics management ability.

By using the MSS images in 1976, TM images in 1989 and 2010, and ETM+ images in 2000, in combining with GIS and landscape ecological methods, this paper analyzed the changes of land use/cover and landscape patterns in Yumen County at the middle reaches of Shule River from 1976 to 2010. In the study period, the major patterns of land use change in the County were the conversions from grassland and Gobi to farmland, from farmland to construction land, and from grassland to Gobi. Such a land use change underwent a process of 'slow - tremendous - obvious', during which, the landscape density increased, the largest path index decreased after an initial increase, the weighted area index increased, and the landscape shape became irregular. In the meantime, the nearest distances between patches and the separation among different patches decreased, the patches became more complex, and the landscape diversity and evenness increased after an initial decrease. The increased landscape diversity and fragmentation also showed that the land uses became more complex. The growth of agricultural population and the development of economy were the most direct driving forces of the land use/cover change in Yumen City, whereas the climatic and policy factors also had important effects on the land use change in the study area.

Na2SO4: Dy3+ phosphors were prepared by heating pure natural thenardite (Na2SO4) with DyF3 at 900 degrees C for 25 min in air studied the Luminescence properties of Na2SO4: Dy3+ were studied by synchrotron radiation. Their photoluminescence (PL) spectra were also investigated under vacuum ultraviolet-ultraviolet (VUV-UV) at room temperature. According to the emission spectra, the yellow-blue ratio (Y/B) is different under different concentrations of Dy3+ and the position of excitation. And the excitation spectrum is consisted of strong bands assigned to the 4f9--4f8 5d transition at 172 nm, the O(2-)- Tm3+ charge transfer band at 165 nm and weak bands assigned to host absorption (138, 245 nm) and the 6 H15/2--4D7/2, 6H15/2--6P3/2, and 6H15/2--6P7/2 transition at 299, 325 and 351 nm respectively.

To analyze mutations in transforming growth factor beta-induced (TGFBI) gene in a Chinese pedigree with Reis-Bücklers corneal dystrophy (RBCD, also known as GCD3).In a five-generation Chinese family, eight members were identified with RBCD and the rest were unaffected. All members of the family underwent complete ophthalmologic examinations. Exons of TGFBI were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, sequenced, and compared with a reference database.A single heterozygous CT (R124C) point mutation was found in exon 4 of TGFBI in all the affected members of the pedigree, but not in the unaffected members.R124C which was a known mutation for lattice corneal dystrophy type I, segregated with the RBCD in this pedigree. This elucidated the correlation between genotype and phenotype in a Chinese family of RBCD.

The Na2 SO4 : Tm3+ phosphor was synthesized by the high temperature solid state reaction method in air. The crystalline structure was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Narrow bands observed in emission spectra were well identified with the electronic transitions within the 4f12 configurations of Tm3+, and the excitation spectrum is consisted of strong bands assigned to the 4f12 --4f11 5d transition at 183 nm, the O(2-)-Tm3+ charge transfer band at 170 nm and weak bands assigned to host absorption (130, 223 and 258 nm). In addition, the authors also found that the content of Tm3+ in the 8-16 mg concentration range caused quenching.

We have reported that the posterior pituitary hormone, oxytocin (OT), known for its effects in inducing parturition, lactation and social bonding, is also a skeletal hormone. Here, we demonstrate that OT plays a key role in enabling maternal skeletal mobilization during pregnancy by enhancing the formation of bone resorbing osteoclasts. Osteoclast formation ex vivo is thus diminished in pregnant mothers with genetic OT-deficiency. OT(-/-) pups at day E20 also show a defect in trabecular bone. microCT measurements reveal normal bone volume, but increased trabecular numbers, suggesting that trabeculae in OT(-/-) pups are hypomineralized. We suggest that OT facilitates intergenerational transfer of calcium ions from a pregnant mother to the pups.

AIM: To measure the abnormality of the inferior oblique tendon in patients with congenital superior oblique muscle paralysis.METHODS: In this cross-sectional, self-control designed study, the tensity of the inferior oblique tendon of both the paralytic and nonparalytic eye were measured during the operations in 30 patients who were diagnosed with exotropia(including intermittent exotropia and constant exotropia )accompanied with single superior oblique muscle paralysis. The tensity of the tendon was measured as the maximal distance of which the inferior oblique tendon could be lifted from the scleraRESULTS: Inferior oblique had different degrees of thickness, but was tougher and tighter than that of nonparalytic eye. There was a significant difference(PCONCLUSION: The inferior oblique tendon is stronger and less relaxant in the paralytic eyes.