Search

Peng Guo,1 Rui Li,2 Tie Hua Piao,3 Chun Lan Wang,3 Xiao Lu Wu,3 Hong Yan Cai3 1College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Changchun, 130000, People’s Republic of China; 2Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100000, People’s Republic of China; 3Pulmonology Department, The First Clinical Hospital of Jilin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Hong Yan Cai, The First Clinical Hospital of Jilin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, People’s Republic of China, Email 774009408@qq.comAbstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and small airway obstruction. Incompletely reversible airflow limitation, inflammation, excessive mucus secretion and bronchial mucosal epithelial lesions are the main pathological basis of the disease. The prevalence of COPD is increasingly worldwide, which has caused the burden on individuals and society. This paper summarizes the pathogenesis of COPD and clarifies the effect and mechanism of the latest targeted drugs for COPD. Besides, we focus on NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 inflammasome (NLRP3 inflammasome). NLRP3 can promote production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). NLRP3 is an important factor in the migratory aggregation of macrophages and neutrophils and the generation of oxidative stress. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome indirectly blocks the inflammatory effects of IL-1β and IL-18, which may be regarded as an ideal target for COPD treatment.Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pathogenesis, targeted drugs, NLRP3

In the field of electric appliances’ reliability, the constant-stress accelerated-life-test is commonly used to test the reliability of electric appliances. A new analysis method based on constructed data is introduced to analyze the constant-stress accelerated-life-test data of electric appliances under Weibull distribution. The correlation between shape parameter and characteristic life is took into account and the estimated value of characteristic life is modified, which increase the model fitting optimization and improve the analysis precision. Moreover, the method avoids table lookup and is easy to be realized by computer software in the application of reliability engineering for electric appliances.

A new electrical heating method is applied to corrugating machine hot plates instead of the conventional steam heating method in order to save energy, reduce emission and in turn improve the efficiency of heat conversion. A corresponding temperature control system with fuzzy control adopting MC68HC1148 of MOTOROLA MCU as a core is presented. It can realize constant-heating-rate control and constant temperature control according to the measured corrugated paperboard thickness. The system structure, parameter design and hardware circuit are described in detail. Practice shows that the reformed heating system achieves satisfactory results, high precision, easy operation, as well as huge amounts of saved energy.

Objective To observe the cardiovascular functions of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) within the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) and to explore its mechanisms in rats. Methods Sixty-seven male SD rats were employed in present study. Among them, 34 rats were randomized into control group (aCSF, 100 nL, n = 6), NaHS group (sodium hydrosulfide, NaHS, 2, 20 or 200 pmol, n = 7 for each dose), S-ademetionine (SAM, 10 nmol, n = 7). In 33 rats, hydroxylamine (HA, n = 7), kynurenic acid (KYN, n = 7) or glibenclamide (GLI, n = 7) were prior applied before NaHS (20 pmol) was microinjected into the CVLM. Results Unilateral microinjection of NaHS (2 to 200 pmol), a H2S donor, into the CVLM caused the transient and dose-dependent hypotension and bradycardia (P Conclusion These data support the hypothesis that endogenous H2S produces cardiovascular inhibition functions in the CVLM, mainly mediated by KATP channels opening mechanism.

Objectives To explore the effects of Cardiac Shock Wave Therapy (CSWT) on the Microvolt-T-wave alternans (MTWA) of CAD Patients. Methods A total of 87 patients with old myocardial infarction (OMI) were enrolled in this study who received treatment in Department of Cardiology, 1 st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from October 2008 to January 2011, 68 male and 19 female, aged from 43 to 80 years (66.80 ± 8.41 years). The patients were divided into different group, Group A enrolled 32 cases (24 male, 8 female, 68.31 ± 8.72 years), Group B enrolled 30 cases (24 male, 6 female, 65.67 ± 8.33 years). Patients in Group A received 9 spots treatment of each ischaemia target region (-1, 0, +1 pairs), patients in Group B received 25 spots treatment of each ischaemia target region (-2, -1, 0, +1, +2 pairs), 200 shocks/spot, 3 times/week, during the first week of each month on the first, third, and fifth day for 3 months for a total of 9 therapies per patient. And 25 patients were in the control group (Group C, 20 male, 5 female, 66.24 ± 8.14 years). Group C treated with the same procedures but without the shock wave energy by using randomised single-blind method. Before the CSWT (0 month) and the follow-up of 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, all patients received time-domain way MTWA examination by Treadmill, meanwhile measuring the heart rate (HR) when the maximam MTWA occurred, MTWA/HR and the exercise time, compared the above mentioned parameters of patients in different groups to evaluate the effect of CSWT. Results Before the CSWT there was no significant difference for each assessing parameter include MTWA, HR, MTWA/HR and Exercise time among three groups (P > 0.05). After CSWT, Compared the MTWA, HR, MTWA/HR and Exercise time in Group A and B, all the above mentioned parameters improved significantly at 3 months, 6 months, 12 months follow-up than 0 month (P 0.05); but the above mentioned parameters of Group A and B compared with Group C improved significantly (P 0.05). Conclusions 1. CSWT can lower the measured value of MTWA, So CSWT can lower the risk of CAD patients occurred ventricular arrhythmia and SCD, 2. can obviously improve the variable function of heart, and can significantly increase the threshold of frequency which causes TWA.

Objectives To explore the effects of Cardiac Shock Wave Therapy (CSWT) on the angiogenesis Related Cytokine of CAD Patients. Methods A total of 87 patients with old myocardial infarction (OMI) were enrolled in this study who received treatment in Department of Cardiology, 1 st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from October 2008 to January 2011, 68 male and 19 female, aged from 43 to 80 years (66.80 ± 8.41 years). The patients were divided into different group, Group A enrolled 32 cases (24 male, 8 female, 68.31 ± 8.72 years), Group B enrolled 30 cases (24 male, 6 female, 65.67 ± 8.33 years). Patients in Group A received 9 spots treatment of each ischaemia target region (-1, 0, +1 pairs), patients in Group B received 25 spots treatment of each ischaemia target region (-2, -1, 0, +1, +2 pairs), 200 shocks/spot, 3 times/week, during the first week of each month on the first, third, and fifth day for 3 months for a total of 9 therapies per patient. And 25 patients were in the control group (Group C, 20 male, 5 female, 66.24 ± 8.14 years). Group C treated with the same procedures but without the shock wave energy by using randomised single-blind method. Before the CSWT (0 month) and the follow-up of 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, all patients collected 5 ml fasting in peripheral venous blood, then centrifugate the blood within 2 hours (3000 r/min,15 min), collected serum then stored in -80° freezer for using. Used ELISA method to test the serum concentration of eNOS, bFGF, SDF–1, CXCR4 for patients. Results Before the CSWT there was no significant difference for each assessing parameter include serum eNOS, bFGF, SDF–1, CXCR4 among three groups (P > 0.05). Follow–up to 3 months, the above mentioned parameters of patients in Group A and B compared with 0 month respectively improved significantly (P 0.05), for bFGF compared with 0 month, 3 months, 6 months improved significantly (P 0.05). In the follow–up, the above mentioned parameters of Group B improved significantly compared with the same period of Group A (P Conclusions CSWT can promote the expression of eNOS,bFGF, SDF–1and its receptor CXCR4. 25 points expanding the range treatment of CSWT can be more continuously and effectively promote the expression of eNOS, bFGF, SDF–1 and its receptor CXCR4 than 9 points treatment.

Objectives To evaluate the security and efficiency of extracorporeal cardiac shock wave therapy (CSWT) for treatment of coronary artery disease. Methods A total of 45 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) were included in this study (Male 36, Female 9, mean age 67 years old). patients were randomly divide into Shock wave therapy group (25 patients were treated with the shock wave energy, 200 shots/spot at 0.09 mJ/mm 2 for 9 spots, amount to 9 times within 3 month) and control group (20 patients were not treated with shock wave energy). The testing time points of patients in shock wave therapy group were before shock wave therapy (0 month), the end of nine times of shock wave therapy (3 month), and the corresponding testing time points of patients in control group were the time of enrolment, 3 months follow-up. Patients in both groups were subjected to cardiac double-nuclide single photon emission CT (SPECT) examinations using 99 Tc m -methoxyisobutylisonitrile ( 99 Tc m - MIBI), 18 F-fluro-deoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) and microvolt T wave alternans (MTWA) examination, and their Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) angina grading, New York Heart Assosiation (NYHA) cardiac function grading, Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) scoring, nitroglycerin dosage, 6 min walk test (6MWT), Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were evaluated at the time ponits above. During of clinical follow-up was not less than 3 months, changes of mortality, myocardial re-infarction rate, readmission rate, myocardial perfusion, myocardial metabolism and cardiac function of pations in the two groups were compared. Results All 45 patients completed follow-up. After treatment of CSWT, the total score of myocardial perfusion imaging and myocardial metabolism imaging, NYHA cardiac function grading, CCS angina grading, nitroglycerin dosage, SAQ scoring, 6MWT, LVEF and MTWA of patients in shock wave therapy group at the time points of 3 months were all significantly improved when compared to those at the time point of 0 month (28.16±4.63 score vs 33.72±5.84 score, 22.88±3.17 score vs 28.28±4.89 score, 1.48±0.65 vs 2.16±0.69, 1.46±0.58 vs 2.72±0.46, 1.00±0.73 times/week vs 2.35±0.86 times/week, 76.40±8.65 score vs 65.96±11.78 score, 427.92±63.32 m vs 339.44±83.37 m, 56.16±6.38% vs 51.88±7.18%, 37.88±9.54 µV vs 44.80±12.24 µV, p all 0.05). During follow-up, no death and myocardial re-infarction was found in shock wave therapy group after treatment. 1 patient died in control group because of SCD and 1 patient suffered from AMI. Eleven person-time suffered from readmission, 3 person-time of the shock wave therapy group, 11 person-time of the control group (p Conclusions Extracorporeal cardiac shock wave therapy is a safe, non-invasive and effective therapeutic option for CAD.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility, security and efficiency of extracorporeal cardiac shock wave therapy (CSWT) for treatment of coronary artery disease. Methods A total of 25 patients with old myocardial infarction (OMI without thrombolysis or PCI or CABG) were included in this study (mean age 65 years old). According to random digits table, using the method of Double-Blind, patients were divided into the experimental group (14 patients were treated with the shock wave energy, 200 shots/spot at 0.09 mJ/mm 2 for 9 spots, amount to 9 times within 3 month) and the placebo control group (11 patients were treated with the same procedures but without the shock wave energy). Before and after treatment, all patients received the examinations include the 99m Tc-MIBI myocardial perfusion SPECT and the 18F-FDG myocardial metabolism SPECT, Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) class sores, NYHA, Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ), 6 min walk test (6MWT), Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), the use of nitroglycerin and so on. compare the mortality, rehospitalisation, myocardial perfusion and myocardial metabolism before and after shock wave therapy and so on, in placebo control group and experimental group during follow-up (8.40±1.84) months. Results 25 patients completed the therapy based on the method of double-blind, without procedural complications or adverse effects. There was no mortality in the placebo control group, but 1 patient died in the experimental group (p>0.05). 7 patients suffered from rehospitalisation, 2 from the experimental group, 5 from the placebo control group (p>0.05). After treatment of CSWT, the NYHA, CCS class sores and the use of nitroglycerin were less than pretherapy in the experimental group (P all 0.05). Conclusion Extracorporeal cardiac shock wave therapy is a safe, non-invasive and effective therapeutic option for CAD.