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One of the horticulturally most popular cultivars of Kalanchoe, K. ‘Margrit’s Magic’, (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) in southern Africa was derived from a hybrid between K. blossfeldiana and K. manginii, two Malagasy species. This nothospecies is here described as K. ×oberlanderi. Reference is made to cultivars that likely have been based on K. ×oberlanderi.

Heavy metal tolerance and accumulation potential are the two characteristics most important for plant use in phytoremediation technologies. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to characterize the tolerance of Hylotelephiummaximum from coastal drift line vegetation against the biogenous heavy metals Cu, Zn, and Mn and its metal accumulation potential in controlled conditions. Plants were propagated vegetatively and cultivated in an automated greenhouse in a vegetative state (Experiment 1; Cu, Zn, and Mn) and in flowering-inducing conditions (Experiment 2; Mn gradient). In Experiment 1, total shoot biomass was negatively affected only by Mn at 1.0 g L−1, but root growth was significantly inhibited by all metals at this concentration. Plants accumulated 250 mg kg−1 Cu, 3200 mg kg−1 Zn, and >11,000 mg kg Mn−1 in their leaves. In Experiment 2, only new shoot growth was significantly suppressed at 0.5 g L−1 Mn. At the highest concentrations, shoot biomass progressively declined at the level of inhibition of flower and stem growth. Visual toxicity symptoms of Mn appeared 2 weeks after full treatment on leaves of 2.0 g L−1 treated plants as black dots along the main veins and spread over the leaf surface with time. The maximum Mn accumulation capacity was reached in leaves (15,000 mg kg−1), together with a high translocation factor and bioconcentration factor. The obtained results suggest that the particular accession of H. maximum has very good potential for practical phytoremediation purposes.

Phedimus individuals from Mt. Daeam, once referred to as Phedimus sikokianus, exhibit certain morphological characters that are unique within the genus. Phedimus is one of the most notorious groups for taxonomic problems due to the high morphological variation found in leaf shape, stem numbers, phyllotaxis and seed structure. Taxa in Phedimus also easily hybridize, further leading to taxonomic confusion. To carefully confirm the identity of the putative new species from Mt. Daeam, we examined morphological characters from ~100 herbarium sheets of six closely related Phedimus species. A molecular phylogenetic approach was also employed to delimit the species boundary and infer the phylogenetic relationships among the seven Phedimus species, including the species from Mt. Daeam. Both morphological and molecular phylogenetic results indicated that the species found on Mt. Daeam is a new species that is more closely related to P. middendorffianus and P. takesimensis than to the remaining four Phedimus species. Here, we provided a full description of the new species P. daeamensis as well as an updated key for the seven Phedimus species examined.

Smith, Gideon F., Figueiredo, Estrela (2023): Kalanchoe krigeae (K. subg. Kalanchoe; Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new, small-growing species from northeastern South Africa split off from K. rotundifolia. Phytotaxa 603 (3): 280-288, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.3.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN

Key to distinguish among Kalanchoe decumbens, K. krigeae, and K. rotundifolia 1. Leaf consistency soft; adaxial surface of corolla lobes uniformly vividly deep red to orange-red; corolla lobes ± ovate to elliptic........................................................................................................................................................................... Kalanchoe decumbens 1’. Leaf consistency firm; adaxial surface of corolla lobes uniformly apricot-orange, bright orange, or red, sometimes orange-infused if red; corolla lobes generally narrowly elliptic.................................................................................................................................2 2. Leaves lanceolate-cymbiform to narrowly oblong-terete; corolla lobes often sigmoidally down- and upcurved, apically roundedacute to acute......................................................................................................................................................... Kalanchoe krigeae 2’. Leaves oblong-elliptic to elliptic-obovate to round; corolla lobes ± flat, straight, apically attenuate-acute............................................................................................................................................................................................................... Kalanchoe rotundifolia

Kalanchoe krigeae Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo, sp. nov. (Fig. 2A–E). Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Mpumalanga province.—2430 (Pilgrim’s Rest): near Pilgrim’s Rest, towards Bourke’s Luck (– DB), in rocky patches in savanna, ca. 1100 m above sea level [asl]. 12 May 2023. Gideon F . Smith 1207 (holotype PRU). Diagnosis:—The overall colour of the leaves and stems of K. krigeae is light green to very light glaucous, while those of K. rotundifolia are glaucous to dull light yellowish green, and those of K. decumbens are generally uniformly light green. Leaves of K. krigeae and K. rotundifolia are firm while those of K. decumbens are soft-textured. Kalanchoe krigeae has lanceolate-cymbiform to narrowly oblong-terete leaves while those of K. decumbens are narrowly oblong to somewhat clavate, and those of K. rotundifolia are round to oblanceolate to obovate. The adaxial surface of the corolla lobes of K. krigeae is uniformly apricot-orange to bright orange to red to sometimes orange-infused, that of K. decumbens is uniformly vividly deep red to orange-red, and that of K. rotundifolia is uniformly red to dull orange. Description:—Annual, perennial, or biennial, few-leaved, unbranched or sparsely branched from base, glabrous, low-growing, small succulent, with erect to leaning to creeping stems, 5–15(–30) cm tall when not in flower. Stems one to few arising from the rootstock or slightly higher up, light green, bluish purple-infusion lacking, usually simple or sometimes producing obovate-leaved branchlets near base, main stems very rarely branched higher up, thin, ± herbaceous. Leaves (15–)20–45(–50) × (5–) 6–8 mm, light green to very light glaucous, with slight bloom, generally not finely purple-dotted except when young, opposite-decussate, sessile, erectly spreading at a 30–45° degree angle, sparsely carried throughout; petiole absent; blade succulent, obovate when young, lanceolate-cymbiform to narrowly oblong-terete at maturity, often involute, then appearing channelled above, usually straight; apex rounded-obtuse or slightly pointed; base gradually tapering to a narrow insertion on the stem; margins entire. Inflorescence a corymbose cyme, (5–)10–30(–35) cm tall, with leaf-like bracts at nodes, bracts increasingly smaller upwards, floriferous only at the top, erect or leaning, apically sparsely branched, 1- to few- to several-flowered, branches opposite or sometimes with only a single branch at a node, subtended by small, persistent leaf-like bracts, leafy branchlets rarely developing in axils, axis light green, generally lacking slight waxy bloom; pedicels slender, 4–6(–18) mm long. Flowers 12–14 mm long, erect; calyx dull green, distally reddish-infused, covered with slight bloom; sepals 4, ± 1.00 × 0.75–1.00 mm, ± separate, basally very slightly fused, deltoid-triangular, often blunt-tipped to rounded-acute, hardly to slightly contrasting against basal part of corolla; corolla 11–13 mm long, prominently enlarged basally around carpels, distinctly and tightly anti-clockwise-twisted apically after anthesis; corolla tube 10–12 mm long, distally consistently dull orangegreen, bluish purple infusion lacking, more strongly green-infused around ovaries, light green basally at level of sepals, 4-angled, narrowly urceolate, strongly globose basally to 4-angled when viewed from below, narrowing above carpels; lobes 5–6 × 1.5–2.0 mm, spreading at 45–90° angle to sigmoidally down- and upcurved, usually uniformly apricot-orange to bright orange to red, if red, sometimes orange-infused, slight yellowish-infusion in centre generally lacking, narrowly elliptic, rounded-acute to acute apically, then minutely apiculate, margins apically in-rolled, showing diurnal movement. Stamens inserted in two ranks near mouth of corolla tube, included; filaments 1–2 mm long, thin, yellow; anthers 0.25–0.30 mm long, yellow. Pistil consisting of 4 carpels; carpels ± 5 mm long, uniformly mid-green, distinct purple-infusion lacking; styles 0.75–1.00 mm long, yellowish green; stigmas very slightly capitate, yellowish green; scales 2.0– 2.5 mm long, linear, light yellow. Follicles 5–8 mm long, light green at first, enveloped in dry, whitish remains of corolla, eventually brittle, grass spikelet-like with remains of corolla then light brownish white. Seed 0.50–0.75 mm long, very faintly striated, ellipsoid to more rarely somewhat banana-shaped, dark brown. Chromosome number: unknown. Distribution and habitat:— Kalanchoe krigeae occurs naturally in the vicinity of Pilgrim’s Rest and Bourke’s Luck in northeastern Mpumalanga at an elevation of 1000–1100 m asl, with its distribution range petering out further south in the direction of Mbombela and Eswatini, and unconfirmed reports also places it further north. In contrast, K. decumbens is restricted to the southeastern border area between Eswatini, the northeastern parts of South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal province, and possibly also occurs in adjacent southwestern Mozambique, at an elevation of only about 600 m asl. Kalanchoe rotundifolia occurs sympatrically with both K. decumbens and K. krigeae and is widely dispersed in an extensive natural geographical distribution range through eastern-southern and south-tropical Africa, further north to eastern Africa and the Indian Ocean island of Socotra. Plants of K. krigeae grow in the dappled shade of a range of different grasses, shrubs, and (often deciduous) trees, often in thin soils that accumulate in depressions in rock sheets. Virtually the entire known natural geographical distribution range of K. krigeae, much of it along the northern Drakensberg escarpment, falls within the Wolkberg Centre of Endemism, to which it accordingly is near-endemic (Van Wyk & Smith 2001: 120–125). At least two other kalanchoes, K. winteri Gideon F.Sm., N.R.Crouch & Mich.Walters in Crouch et al. (2016: 219) and K. crouchii Smith & Figueiredo (2018b: 87), are endemic to the Wolkberg Centre of Endemism. The natural geographical distribution range of K. krigeae additionally overlaps with that of K. sexangularis Brown (1913: 120). Although these species to a large extent flower simultaneously during the winter months, hybrids or intermediate forms have yet to be observed. Tölken (1985: 62–64, Fig. 7), when discussing and illustrating forms of a broadly conceived K. rotundifolia, noted material here described as K. krigeae under his Figure 7(c). At species rank, Kalanchoe is most diverse in Madagascar, but with significant secondary centres of high species diversity present in southern, southwestern south-tropical, and eastern Africa.As the genus is presently understood, the number of species indigenous to the Near, Middle, and Far East are much lower than in Madagascar and Africa. The largest diversity of southern African Kalanchoe species is found in eastern southern Africa where 22 of the indigenous subcontinental species occur east of the Drakensberg massif, from south-central KwaZulu-Natal in the south in a broad sweep to the Limpopo River in the north (Smith & Figueiredo 2021: 207–208, Smith 2022a: 164–167). Eponymy:— Kalanchoe krigeae is named for Alicia Krige (born Welkom, Orange Free State [now the Free State] province, South Africa, 26 June 1982 –) (Fig. 2F). Alicia graduated from the University of Pretoria with a B.Sc. degree in 2004 and a B.Sc. (Hons) degree in 2005, both specialising in Botany. Her B.Sc. (Hons) project involved a study of the silver vegetation at the interface of the grassland and savanna (bushveld) biomes in the Broederstroom area, Gauteng province, South Africa (see Krige & Van Wyk 2005). In 2012 Alicia was awarded a M.Sc. degree, also by the University of Pretoria, for a taxonomic study of the legume genus Elephantorrhiza Bentham (1841: 344) (see for example Grobler & Van Wyk 2010). In 2006, after serving a brief stint as an intern in the South African National Biodiversity Institute’s National Herbarium (Herb. PRE), Pretoria, she was appointed as curator of the legume collection in the same institution. In 2010 she moved to the Institute’s Publications Section as a scientific editor, a post she still holds.

Kalanchoe × oberlanderi Gideon F.Sm. nothospec. nov. (Fig. 2A–F). Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Gauteng province —2528 (Pretoria): Tshwane, (– CA), ex hort., 03 September 2022, G. F . Smith 1199 (PRU holotype). Parentage:— Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Von Poellnitz (1934: 159) × K. manginii Hamet & Perrier de la Bâthie (1912: 370). Diagnosis:— Kalanchoe × oberlanderi is a few- to many-leaved and -branched, very finely pubescent or more rarely glabrous, tuft-forming succulent that in both vegetative and reproductive morphological characters is intermediate between its parents, K. blossfeldiana and K. manginii. The stems and branches of K. × oberlanderi are thin and somewhat brittle woody, like those of K. manginii, while K. blossfeldiana is a small, herbaceous-shrubby species. The generally obovate to orbicular to cordate leaves of K. × oberlanderi are smaller than the ovate-oblong to oblong ones of K. blossfeldiana, but usually larger than the obovate to spathulate ones of K. manginii. The bright crimson red to lighter red to pinkish corolla tube of K. × oberlanderi is slightly enlarged above the middle, i.e., widening towards the mouth, with that of K. blossfeldiana being light green and red-infused and gradually urceolate, and that of K. manginii being orange-red to deep crimson red and campanulate. Description:—Perennial, few- to many-leaved, few- to multi-branched from base, very finely pubescent or more rarely glabrous, tuft-forming succulent, to 600 mm tall. Stems few, brittle-woody, brown to reddish brown, older internodes with longitudinal light brownish or greenish lines, unbranched or sparsely branched, erect to leaning, sometimes creeping, rooting along the way, leaning branches sometimes developing short, near-woody stilt-like roots, nodes thickened, round; sterile and reproductive stems finely pubescent to, rarely, glabrous. Leaves oppositedecussate, subsessile to distinctly petiolate, light to mid-green to variously infused with red, succulent, lower older ones spreading to horizontal to decurved, upper younger ones ± vertical, papery on drying; petiole to 10 mm long if present, channelled above, not clasping the stem; blade 10–30 × 10–20 mm, obovate to orbicular to cordate or somewhat oblong, flat, sometimes curved upwards towards margin; apex rounded-obtuse; base ± cuneate; margins weakly crenate to entIre especIally In upper ⅔, pubescent. Inflorescence a terminal, branched, erect, apically sparse to dense, few- to many-flowered, flat-topped cyme with several dichasia, 180–200 mm tall, rounded when viewed from above, branches opposite, erectly spreading, subtended by very small leaf-like bracts, lacking leafy branchlets in axils, without bulbils; peduncle generally bright red, minutely white-hairy; pedicels slender, 8–10 mm long. Flowers tetramerous, 19–21 mm long, erect to erectly spreading to pendent; calyx light to dark reddish green, strongly infused with small red spots especially towards sepal margins; sepals 4, ± separate, basally fused for ± 1 mm, 4–6 × 3–4 mm, triangular-lanceolate, acute-tipped, hardly contrasting against light green basal part of corolla tube, minutely white-hairy, not adnate to lower part of corolla tube; corolla 18–20 mm long, slightly enlarged above the middle, not twisted apically after anthesis, minutely white-hairy, drying purple-red; corolla tube 16–18 mm long, ± to distinctly 4- angled-cylindrical, box-shaped-square when viewed from below, bright crimson red, sometimes lighter red to pinkish, light green lower down ± at level of calyx, minutely white-hairy; lobes 4.5–5.0 × 4.5–5.0 mm, bright crimson red, sometimes lighter pinkish red, ovate to suborbicular, rounded at apex, apiculate. Stamens 8, inserted at about the middle of the corolla tube, ± included; filaments 6–7 mm long, thin, yellow, ± adnate to corolla tube; anthers 0.5 mm long, arrowhead-shaped, purplish brown when pollen shed. Pistil consisting of 4 carpels; carpels 6–7 mm long, light green, sometimes slightly red-infused; styles 8–9 mm long; stigmas capitate, whitish yellow; nectar scales 1.5–2.0 mm long, ribbon-like-linear, slightly tapering upwards, light yellowish green. Follicles 6–7 mm long, dull whitish green, brittle, grass spikelet-like, enveloped in dry, purplish remains of corolla. Seed 0.50–0.75 mm long, light brown. Chromosome number: unknown. [Chromosome numbers of parents: K. manginii 2 n = 34 and K. blossfeldiana 2 n = 34, see Smith 2022d: 158 and 161, respectively]. Flowering period:—Like most kalanchoes, K. × oberlanderi is a short-day plant that flowers mainly in the winter months, but as is the case with K. blossfeldiana, one of its parents, material can be manipulated to bloom at other times of the year (see Smith et al. 2019: 97–98 for a discussion). Eponymy:— Kalanchoe × oberlanderi is named for Dr Kenneth Carl Oberlander ([George, Western Cape, South Africa] 16 September 1978 –) (Fig. 3). Kenneth completed his Ph.D. at the University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, after which he completed post-doctoral appointments at that University, and in Prague, Czech Republic. He is at present a senior lecturer in the Department of Plant Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa, and Head of the University’s H.G.W.J. Schweickerdt Herbarium [Herb. PRU]. Dr Oberlander’s research interests are principally in plant systematics, with specific emphasis on polyploidy and its evolutionary effects, and in phylogenetics and biogeography. He is an authority on Oxalis Linnaeus (1753: 433) and recently participated in a survey of the conservation status of Kalanchoe in southern Africa., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F., 2023, Kalanchoe × oberlanderi (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a horticulturally successful nothospecies with the Malagasy K. blossfeldiana and K. manginii as parents, pp. 64-72 in Phytotaxa 594 (1) on pages 67-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7868925, {"references":["Von Poellnitz, [J.] K. [L. A.]. (1934) XV. Kalanchoe Blossfeldiana. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. Centralblatt fur Sammlung und Veroffentlichung von Einzeldiagnosen Neuer Pflanzen 35: 159 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / fedr. 19340350803","Smith, G. F. (2022 d) A review of the cytotaxonomy of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) with reference to evolutionary trends in the genus. Phytotaxa 560 (2): 153 - 185. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 560.2.2","Smith, G. F., Figueiredo, E. & Van Wyk, A. E. (2019) Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) in southern Africa. Classification, biology, and cultivation. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, London, San Diego, Cambridge (USA), and Oxford, 328 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / C 2017 - 0 - 00602 - X"]}

Rosales-Martínez, C. Santiago, Hernández-Campos, J. Daniel (2023): Echeveria flammigera (Crassulaceae), a new name and status for E. pringlei var. parva. Phytotaxa 592 (2): 99-108, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.592.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN

Echeveria pringlei var. longisepala :— MEXICO. Jalisco: below and E of the mesa of San Andrés Cohamiata, on rocky SE ledge, Mezquitic, ca. 1800 m, 28 October 1987, J. Bauml & G. Voss 1932 (HNT!, MICH!)., Published as part of Rosales-Martínez, C. Santiago & Hernández-Campos, J. Daniel, 2023, Echeveria flammigera (Crassulaceae), a new name and status for E. pringlei var. parva, pp. 99-108 in Phytotaxa 592 (2) on page 106, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.592.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7840417

Echeveria multicaulis:— MEXICO. Guerrero: collected by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman near Omiltemi, May 1903 (flowered in Washington in December 1903), Rose 628 (F!, GH!, US!); about 10 km west of Camotla, 2500 m, 1 December 1963, C. Feddema et al. 2798 (MICH!); an 8 km al NE de Puerto del Gallo camino a Filo de Caballo, 3000 m, 15 April 1982, E. Martínez 910 (MEXU!); Sierra de Campo Morado 5 km SW of Filo de Caballo, at jct. of roads to Chilpancingo and Atoyac, 18 January 1983, D. Neill 5356 (MEXU!); 15 km SO de Jilguero, 3100 m, 4 June 1983, T. P. Ramamoorthy et al. 4243 (MEXU!); Cerro Teotepec, 26 km al SO de El Jilguero, 3130 m, 17 August 1985, J. C. Soto & S. Román 10049 (MEXU!); a 200 m de Carrizalillo, 1 km al SO de Filo de Caballo, 2360 m, 2 December 1988, A. García et al. 4106 (MEXU!); Parque Omiltemi, 2514 m, 17°33’07.43”N 99°43’09.33”W, 27 August 2010, J. Reyes 6635 (MEXU!). Jalisco: ca. 6 km al S de Canutillo, sobre brecha a Mexiquillo, Tecalitlán, 2000 m, 21 October 1989, J. Villa et al. 117 (IBUG!); San Miguel de la Sierra, 35 km al oeste de Ayutla, alrededores de la cascada Salto de Roma, Ayutla, 2050 m, 20°06’30”N 104°36’08”W, 2 April 2011, A. Castro et al. 2395 (IBUG!). Michoacán: 500 m al NE de Dos Aguas, antena de microondas Chiqueritos, Aguililla, 2400 m, 1 November 2009, J. González et al. 404 (IBUG!)., Published as part of Rosales-Martínez, C. Santiago & Hernández-Campos, J. Daniel, 2023, Echeveria flammigera (Crassulaceae), a new name and status for E. pringlei var. parva, pp. 99-108 in Phytotaxa 592 (2) on page 105, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.592.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7840417

Echeveria pringlei var. pringlei :— MEXICO. Jalisco: dry shaded ledges of the barranca near Guadalajara, 28 November 1888, C. G. Pringle 1853 (F!, GH!, MEXU!, MICH!, NY!, PH!, RSA!, US!); Barranca de Guadalajara, 28/29 September 1903, J. N. Rose 870 (GH!, MEXU!); Barranca de Oblatos a ½ km de la entrada por el camino que conduce a los baños, Guadalajara, 1370 m, 14 November 1992, S. Guerrero et al. 473 (MEXU!, MICH!); Barranca de Colimilla, en cañada antes de la presa, Tonalá, 1300 m, 27 October 1993, M. Negrete et al. 65 (IBUG!, MEXU!); Barranca de Colimilla, en cañada antes de la presa, Tonalá, 1300 m, 6 November 1993, M. Negrete et al. 78 (TEX!, WIS!); Cañón de Matatlán, 3.3 km en línea recta al NO de Matatlán, Vereda de Las Cruces hacia El Agua Caliente, Zapotlanejo, 1400 m, 20°44’16”N 103°09’43”W, 11 July 2017, P. Carrillo et al. 8603 (IBUG!)., Published as part of Rosales-Martínez, C. Santiago & Hernández-Campos, J. Daniel, 2023, Echeveria flammigera (Crassulaceae), a new name and status for E. pringlei var. parva, pp. 99-108 in Phytotaxa 592 (2) on page 106, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.592.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7840417

Echeveria flammigera:— MEXICO. Durango: near Tayoltita, San Dimas, R. Spencer s.n. (HNT!); La Desmontada, 4.5 km al S, por el camino a Mala Noche, San Dimas, 2150 m, 7 March 1990, M. González 2388 (MEXU!)., Published as part of Rosales-Martínez, C. Santiago & Hernández-Campos, J. Daniel, 2023, Echeveria flammigera (Crassulaceae), a new name and status for E. pringlei var. parva, pp. 99-108 in Phytotaxa 592 (2) on page 105, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.592.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7840417

Sedum kawaraense Takuro Ito & Kanemitsu, sp. nov. (Figs. 2 & 3) Type:— JAPAN. Kyushu, Fukuoka: Tagawa-gun, Kawara-machi, Mt. Kawara-dake, 16 May 2021, Hironobu Kanemitsu 4170 (holotype TUS!). Diagnosis:— Sedum kawaraense differs from its close relatives (Table 2) in life history, rosulate and cauline leaf morphology, presence of stolons and bulbs at the leaf axil, flowering stem extension pattern, length, number of flowers, and habitat. Among these species, S. kawaraense is morphologically most similar to S. lipingense in the monocarpic life cycle, presence of rosette during anthesis and spatulate-oblanceolate cauline leaves, absent bulbs and stolons, and flowering stem extending from the rosette center and leaf axil, but differs in having larger spatulate rosulate leaves and more flowers per flowering stem (Table 2). Description:—Winter annual or biennial herbs, fleshy, glabrous. Rarely forms bulbils on leaf axils for vegetative propagation. Roots, fibrous, partially lignified. Rosettes 1.5–4.7 cm across; rosulate leaves alternate, reddish or greenish, sessile, thick, spatulate, entire, apex obtuse, base attenuated and shortly spurred, 0.7–2.4 cm long, 0.1–0.7 cm wide. Stem, single shoot emerging from rosette center, other shoots from the rosulate leaf axils, reddish or greenish, erect, 2.2–5.8 cm tall; cauline leaves mostly alternate, reddish or greenish, sessile, thick, spatulate to oblanceolate, entire, apex obtuse, base attenuated and shortly spurred, 0.3–1.6 cm long, 0.1–0.7 cm wide.; Flowering stems 1 to 7, fleshy, 2.0– 8.2 cm tall, base ca. 0.2 cm broad, reddish or greenish, erect. Inflorescences terminal, cymes, 2 to 3 branched, each branch usually 2–6 flowered. Bracts leaf-like, oblanceolate, apex obtuse, 0.3–1.6 cm long, 0.1–0.5 cm wide. Sepals 5, free, green, fleshy, subequal, lanceolate, 1–3 mm long, 0.8–1.2 mm wide, base shortly spurred, apex obtuse. Petals 5, blight yellow, lanceolate 4.5–6.5 mm long, 1.6–2.2 mm wide, apex acuminate, base slightly connate. Stamens 10, shorter than petals, 3.5–5.2 mm long, erect at flowering, 2–whorled; anthers oblong, ca. 0.5 mm long, red before dehiscence. Carpels 5, free, ascending, connate at the base, gibbous ventrally, 3.2–4.5 mm long. Fruits starshaped, follicle, ascending, 5.0– 6.5 mm long. Flowering in May to June. This new species is categorized in sect. Sedum due to the presence of adaxially gibbous carpels (Fu & Ohba 2001)(Fig. 3). Etymology:—Epithet refers to the Japanese name of the type locality, Kawara-dake. Distribution and habitat:—Endemic to Kawara-dake and its adjacent areas, Kyushu, Japan, on shady and mossy limestone rock. Japanese common name:—Kawara-mannen-gusa (nov.). Additional specimens examined (paratype):— JAPAN. Kyushu, Fukuoka: Tagawa-gun, Kawara-machi, Mt. Kawara-dake, Hironobu Kanemitsu 1121, 4163, 4164, 4165 (TUS), Hironobu Kanemitsu 4166, 4173 (TNS), Miyakogun, Miyako-machi, Ryu-ga-hana, Takuro Ito 7715, 7716, 7717 (TUS). Conservation. IUCN Red List category:—Critically Endangered (CR). The distribution of S. kawaraense is restricted to limestone areas S. kawaraense qualifies as a CR. However, based on Criterion D1, S. kawaraense is qualified as NT because the populations in the two localities amount to ca. 2,400 mature individuals (ca. 1500 individuals in Kawara-dake and ca. 900 individuals in Ryu-ga-hana). Criterion B2 was adopted based on the precautionary principle., Published as part of Ito, Takuro, Kanemitsu, Hironobu, Hoson, Taishi & Yahara, Tetsukazu, 2023, A new species of succulent plant discovered in limestone areas of Kyushu, Japan: Sedum kawaraense (Crassulaceae), pp. 149-160 in Phytotaxa 587 (2) on page 154, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.587.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7731904, {"references":["Fu, K. T. & Ohba, H. (2001) Crassulaceae. In: Editorial Committee of Flora of China (ed.) Flora of China 8. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 244 - 401.","IUCN (2022) The IUCN Red list of the threatened species, version 2022 - 1. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org (accessed: 22 July 2022)."]}

Diagnostic key of S. kawaraense and related species 1. Carpels 3........................................................................................................................................................................... S. tricarpum – Carpels 5............................................................................................................................................................................................ 2 2. Perennial, a stolon present, rosulate leaves absent during flowering.................................................................................... S. subtile – Annual or biennial, a stolon absent, rosulate leaves present during flowering..................................................................................3 3. Bulb present at leaf axils................................................................................................................................................ S. bulbiferum – Bulb absent at leaf axils......................................................................................................................................................................4 4. Flowering stem extends only from rosette center...............................................................................................................................5 – Flowering stem extends from rosette center and leaf axils................................................................................................................6 5. Cauline leaves obovate to spatulate, 0.7–1.2× 0.3–0.6 cm..................................................................................... S. erythrospermum – Cauline leaves narrowly obovate to spatulate-oblong, 2.0–3.0× 0.3–0.7 cm............................................................. S. hangzhouense 6. Flowers 2–6, rosulate leaves broadly obovate................................................................................................................. S. lipingense – Flowers 4–16, rosulate leaves spatulate........................................................................................................................ S. kawaraense, Published as part of Ito, Takuro, Kanemitsu, Hironobu, Hoson, Taishi & Yahara, Tetsukazu, 2023, A new species of succulent plant discovered in limestone areas of Kyushu, Japan: Sedum kawaraense (Crassulaceae), pp. 149-160 in Phytotaxa 587 (2) on page 158, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.587.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7731904

Diagnostic key of S. kawaraense and related species 1. Carpels 3........................................................................................................................................................................... S. tricarpum – Carpels 5............................................................................................................................................................................................ 2 2. Perennial, a stolon present, rosulate leaves absent during flowering.................................................................................... S. subtile – Annual or biennial, a stolon absent, rosulate leaves present during flowering..................................................................................3 3. Bulb present at leaf axils................................................................................................................................................ S. bulbiferum – Bulb absent at leaf axils......................................................................................................................................................................4 4. Flowering stem extends only from rosette center...............................................................................................................................5 – Flowering stem extends from rosette center and leaf axils................................................................................................................6 5. Cauline leaves obovate to spatulate, 0.7–1.2× 0.3–0.6 cm..................................................................................... S. erythrospermum – Cauline leaves narrowly obovate to spatulate-oblong, 2.0–3.0× 0.3–0.7 cm............................................................. S. hangzhouense 6. Flowers 2–6, rosulate leaves broadly obovate................................................................................................................. S. lipingense – Flowers 4–16, rosulate leaves spatulate........................................................................................................................ S. kawaraense

An unknown species of the genus Sedum was discovered in Kawara-dake and Ryu-ga-hana, limestone mountains in Kyushu, Japan. The present study aimed to clarify the taxonomic status of the unknown Sedum species through morphological and ecological comparisons and molecular phylogenetic analysis using ITS sequences based on comprehensive taxon sampling of sect. Sedum in East Asia. Morphologically and ecologically, the unknown species was most similar to S. lipingense in China, but was distinguished by having larger spatulate rosulate leaves and more flowers per flowering stem. Phylogenetically, it belonged to a clade with four Chinese endemics including S. lipingense and two other species widely distributed in East Asia. The clade showed polytomy at the base, but the unknown species was genetically differentiated from the other species. Therefore, we describe the unknown species from Kawara-dake as a new species, S. kawaraense.

Sedum jinglanii, a new species of Crassulaceae from Mount Danxia in Guangdong, China, is described and illustrated. Phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nrDNA suggests that the new species belongs to S. sect. Sedum sensu Fu and Ohba (2001) in the “Flora of China”, and is sister to a clade comprising S. alfredi and S. emarginatum with high support values (SH-aLRT = 84, UFBS = 95) but is distantly related to S. baileyi. The new species is morphologically similar to S. alfredi but it can be distinguished from the latter in its opposite leaves (vs. alternate leaves), its usually wider leaves (0.4–1.2 cm vs. 0.2–0.6 cm), its usually shorter petals (3.4–4.5 mm vs. 4–6 mm), its shorter nectar scales (0.4–0.5 mm vs. 0.5–1 mm), its shorter carpels (1.5–2.6 mm vs. 4–5 mm), and its shorter styles (0.6–0.9 mm vs. 1–2 mm). The new species can be easily distinguished from S. emarginatum which both have opposite leaves by its short, erect or ascending rhizome (vs. long and prostrate rhizome in the latter), shorter petals (3.4–4.5 mm vs. 6–8 mm) and shorter carpels (1.5–2.6 mm vs. 4–5 mm). It can also be easily distinguished from S. baileyi by its short, erect or ascending rhizome (vs. long and prostrate rhizome) and its shorter style (0.6–0.9 mm vs. 1–1.5 mm).

Smith, Gideon F. (2023): A reassessment of combinations previously proposed or published for Kalanchoe subg. Alatae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), and its valid publication at the rank of subgenus. Phytotaxa 585 (1): 61-66, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.585.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.585.1.7

3.1 Kalanchoe eriophylla Kalanchoe eriophylla Hils. & Bojer ex Tulasne (1857: 149). Type:—[MADAGASCAR.] Hab. in monte Antoungoun provinc. Emerinae., s.d., M. [W.] Bojer s.n. (holotype P P00374105, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00374105). Heterotypic synonym:— Cotyledon pannosa Baker (1881:269). Type:— MADAGASCAR. Ankaratra Mountains, 1879, L. Kitching s.n. (holotype K K000232849, http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000232849, not seen). Taxonomic status of K. eriophylla :— Kalanchoe eriophylla is an accepted species. Notes on the holotype of the name K. eriophylla :—As part of the protologue of the name K. eriophylla, Tulasne (1857: 149) cites a single gathering, “ Provenit, BOJERIO docente, in monte Antoungoun provinciae Emirnensis (Herb. mus. par.)”. Boiteau & Allorge-Boiteau (1995: 168) state that the “ Type ” of the name K. eriophylla is “ Bojer s. no, Mt Antogona, Imerina. Holo-P.” Since there is a single specimen at Herb. P, MNHN-P-P00374105, we concur that this specimen is the holotype of the name K. eriophylla, under Turland et al. (2018: Art. 9.1). At Herb. BM a specimen annotated “ Madagascar. Hilsenberg and Bojer ” with the handwritten label “ Calanchoe eriophylla nob. Hab. in monte Antoongoon prov. Emerinae ” is likely part of the same gathering and is a better quality specimen than the one deposited at Herb. P, but in the absence of a collecting number or date it cannot be considered a duplicate of the holotype (isotype). Notes on the type of the name Cotyledon pannosa :— Baker (1881: 269) seemingly did not cite any specimens in the protologue of the name C. pannosa. However, he clearly indicated (Baker 1881: 264) that the collector was Langley Kitching (1835–1910) and that the collection was made in Madagascar in 1879. Kitching was in Madagascar from June to November 1879 (Dorr 1997: 240–241). In the protologue, the locality of the collection is given as “Ankaratra mountains”. Under the name C. pannosa, Herb. K holds the specimen L. Kitching s.n. [http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/ K000232879], of which an image is not accessible online. Hamet (1908: 30 [46]) referred to the specimen, “ L. Kitching [s.n.]”, as “échantillon authentique” for the name C. pannosa, these two words are not equivalent to “type”; they only refer to a representative specimen and, in this case, also the only material cited by Baker (1881). Boiteau & Allorge-Boiteau (1995: 168) apparently overlooked Baker’s (and Hamet’s) reference to Kitching as the collector of the material cited in the protologue and erroneously state that, for the name C. pannosa, the “Type” is “s. nom de coll., massif de l’Ankaratra (prob. Baron 1032, iso-P)”, suggesting that a specimen of Baron 1032 might be the holotype, with an isotype extant at Herb. P. It is known that Baker was provided with large volumes of often undescribed plant material that was collected in Madagascar by Reverend Richard Baron (8 September 1847, Kendal, Westmorland, United Kingdom — 12 October 1907, Morecambe, Lancashire, United Kingdom) (see for example Smith & Figueiredo 2021: 195). Over a period of several years in the 1880s, Baker described many new genera and species represented by Baron’s specimens (Smith & Figueiredo 2021, 2022b, 2023). Nevertheless, in this case there is no doubt that the original material of C. pannosa was collected by Kitching, and not by Baron, as is clearly stated by Baker (1881: 264)., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F. & Figueiredo, Estrela, 2023, Names validly published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Louis-René ' Edmond' Tulasne in 1857, with reference to names proposed in sched. by Hilsenberg and Bojer for two Malagasy species, and with notes on the type of the name K. tubiflora, pp. 275-284 in Phytotaxa 584 (4) on page 278, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7663478, {"references":["Tulasne, L. - R. [' Edmond']. (1857) Florae madagascariensis. Fragmenta scripsit collectave digessit. Fragmentum alterum (1). Passifloreas, Homalineas, Chailletieas, Hippocrateaceas, Celastrineas, Ilicineas, Rhamneas, Pittosporeas, Hamamelideas, Crassulaceas et Saxifragaceas exhibens. [Crassulaceae. I. Bryophyllum. II. Calanchoe (sic, Kalanchoe) on pp. 147 - 150.] Annales des Sciences Naturelles; Botanique ser. 4, 8: 44 - 163. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 129817 # page / 151 / mode / 1 up]","Baker, J. G. (1881 [21 February]) Notes on a collection of flowering plants made by L. Kitching, Esq., in Madagascar in 1879 (Plates VII. & VIII.). Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 18: 264 - 281. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 8373 # page / 271 / mode / 1 up]","Boiteau, P. & Allorge-Boiteau, L. (1995) Kalanchoe (Crassulacees) de Madagascar. Systematique, ecophysiologie et phytochimie. ICSN, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, Editions Karthala, Paris, 252 pp.","Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. - H., Li, D. - Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. [Regnum Vegetabile 159], 254 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018","Dorr, L. J. (1997) Plant collectors in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. A biographical and bibliographical guide to individuals and groups who have collected herbarium material of algae, bryophytes, fungi, lichens, and vascular plants in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. The Trustees, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 524 pp.","Hamet, R. (1908) Monographie du genre Kalanchoe. Suite et fin. Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier, ser. 2, 8: 17 - 48. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 104945 # page / 31 / mode / 1 up]","Smith, G. F. & Figueiredo, E. (2021) The taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe streptantha Baker (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Bradleya 39: 195 - 201. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 39.2021. a 20"]}

Kalanchoe × sampsonii Gideon F.Sm., nothospec. nov. (Fig. 2A–F) Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Gauteng province —2528 (Pretoria): Tshwane, (–CA), ex hort., 17 May 2022, G .F. Smith 1184 (holotype PRU). Parentage:— Kalanchoe × hankeyi Smith (2020d: 93) × Kalanchoe sexangularis Brown (1913: 120). Diagnosis:— Kalanchoe × sampsonii is a medium-sized, perennial nothospecies that is intermediate between its parents, K. × hankeyi and K. sexangularis, but with several characters enhanced so yielding material with improved horticultural potential. It differs from K. × hankeyi by its leaves usually being larger, especially in width, longitudinally folded as in K. sexangularis, rather than ± flat, and generally distinctly red-infused, but less so than in K. sexangularis. In terms of reproductive morphology, K. × sampsonii differs from both K. × hankeyi and K. sexangularis by its inflorescences being much more densely branched and the branches have a wider spread. The flowers of K. × sampsonii are larger than those of K. × hankeyi and K. sexangularis, but generally smaller than those of K. longiflora, one of the parents of K. × hankeyi. In K. × sampsonii the corolla tube and corolla lobes are more intensely yellow than in either of its parents, where especially the tube colour is variously subdued by greenish infusion. Description:—Perennial, many-leaved, usually densely branched, glabrous, medium-sized to succulent shrublets, (0.2–) 0.3–0.5 m tall when not in flower. Stems and branches mid- to light green to somewhat to strongly red-infused, erect to leaning under weight of branches, often with several lengthwise running ridges especially when young, 4- angled in sterile shoots and higher up in stem-peduncle transition, thickened at internodes, leaf scars obvious, whitish grey. Leaves opposite-decussate, petiolate, mid-green, often red-infused, succulent, erectly spreading, recurved, coriaceous and papery on drying; petiole (15–)20(–30) mm long, channeled above, leaves not clasping stem, very slightly thickened where attached to stems and branches; blade 120–135(–150) × (65–)80–90(–100) mm, generally broadly elliptic, somewhat folded lengthwise, recurved in upper half; base narrowly triangular to cuneate throughout; apex rounded-obtuse, usually with soft tip; margins undulate-crenate into distinct, rounded, harmless, tooth-like crenations in upper ¾ to ⅞, teeth becoming smaller to obsolescent towards leaf base and tip. Inflorescence 0.5–0.8 m tall from base of peduncle, robust, multi-branched, erect to leaning, apically dense, many-flowered, ± flat- to roundtopped thyrse consisting of several dense dichasia, round to rather ellipsoid in outline when viewed from above, branches opposite, erectly ascending at an angle of 30–45°, subtended by strongly red-infused leaf-like bracts that are initially persistent but eventually shed, without, or very rarely with, leafy branchlets in axils, axis light to mid-green to red-infused; pedicels 5–9(–10) mm long, slender. Flowers erect, bright yellow-tipped in bud, copiously nectariferous; calyx shiny, uniformly light green, not contrasting against corolla base, sepals 2.0 × 1.5 mm, triangular-deltoid, ± separate, basally adnate to fused for ± 1 mm, acute-tipped; corolla 16–19 mm long, enlarged lower down (not inflated), not twisted apically after anthesis, tube 14–17 mm long, greenish yellow, distinctly 4-angled, box-shaped-square when viewed from below, longitudinally fluted above, lobes 4.0–4.5 × 3.5–4.5 mm, uniformly bright yellow, ovate to subcircular, ± rounded at apex, apiculate, slightly to distinctly recurved. Stamens 4, inserted in two distinct ranks well above middle of corolla tube; filaments 2–3 mm long, thin, greenish yellow; anthers 0.50–0.75 mm long, light yellow before anthesis, turning yellowish grey post-anthesis, slightly exserted. Pistil consisting of 4 carpels; carpels 7–8 mm long, light green; styles 5.5–7.0 mm long; stigmas distinctly capitate, whitish yellow; scales ± 3.0– 3.5 mm long, linear, gradually tapering upwards, yellow. Follicles 9–11 mm long, initially light green, later brittle, grass spikelet-like, enveloped in dry, light brown to grey remains of corolla. Seeds 0.50–0.75 mm long, reddish brown to dark brown, tapering to both ends, oval to banana-shaped curved in outline, faintly striated. Chromosome number: unknown. Eponymy:— Kalanchoe × sampsonii is named for Mr Jason David Stephan Sampson (10 February 1979, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa –) (Fig. 2H). Mr Sampson grew up in Roodepoort in central Gauteng on South Africa’s West Rand and after matriculating read for a B.Sc. degree in Botany and Earth Sciences at the Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, now the Potchefstroom campus of the North-West University. He is currently enrolled for a Master’s degree in Horticulture at the University of Pretoria. In 2010, Jason assumed the curatorship of the Manie van der Schijff Botanical Garden of the University of Pretoria where he has developed several large-scale, waterwise projects such as the rainwater harvesting garden and the cremnophyte-based green walls of the new Plant Science building (see Smith & Figueiredo 2020: 253). Several of Mr Sampson’s projects have received industry awards. Jason has a longstanding interest in xeriscaping, especially with a range of succulents (Sampson 2018: 10). He has introduced a large number of aloes and kalanchoes, including material of K. × estrelae Smith (2020a: 225) (Fig. 2H), to cultivated beds on the Hatfield campus of the University of Pretoria. Flowering time:— Kalanchoe ×sampsonii flowers mainly in the autumn and winter months, (March–)April to August in the southern hemisphere. Horticulture:— Kalanchoe × sampsonii responds well to cultivation and once material propagated through stem cuttings is rooted virtually no after care is required. The horticultural appeal of K. × sampsonii is centred on its more intensely reddish-infused leaves and peduncles, the extensive branching and spread of the inflorescences, and larger and more intensely coloured (bright yellow) corolla tube and corolla lobes. In addition, K. × sampsonii attracts a range of birds and insects to a garden (Smith 2022g) and does not show any invasive tendencies (see Smith et al. 2021c)., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F., 2023, Kalanchoe × sampsonii [K. × hankeyi × K. sexangularis] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a horticulturally successful nothospecies from South Africa with enhanced vegetative and reproductive characters, pp. 293-300 in Phytotaxa 584 (4) on pages 295-297, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7663502, {"references":["Smith, G. F. (2020 d) Kalanchoe × hankeyi [= K. longiflora × K. sexangularis] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new nothospecies from South Africa. Phytotaxa 451 (1): 93 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 451.1.9","Smith, G. F. & Figueiredo, E. (2020) Aloe × engelbrechtii (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae), a new South African nothospecies with A. arborescens and A. hardyi as parents. Phytotaxa 464 (3): 252 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 464.3.8","Sampson, J. D. S. (2018) Aloes as ambassadors for water-wise gardening at the University of Pretoria, 2010 to present. Aloe 54 (1): 10 - 16.","Smith, G. F. (2020 a) Kalanchoe × estrelae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): a new nothospecies for the hybrid between K. luciae and K. sexangularis. Phytotaxa 441 (2): 225 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 441.2.11","Smith, G. F. (2022 g) A review of the ecology and natural history of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) in southern Africa. Bradleya 40: 161 - 184. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 40.2022. a 15","Smith, G. F., Shtein, R., Klein, D. - P., Parihar, B., Almeida, A., Rodewald, S. & Kadereit, G. (2021 c) Special Review. Sexual and asexual reproduction in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): a review of known and newly recorded strategies. Haseltonia 28: 2 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.2985 / 026.028.0101"]}

3.2 Kalanchoe miniata The taxonomy and nomenclature of K. miniata was comprehensively discussed by Smith & Shtein (2021: 123–124) and resolve as follows, with two further varieties, apart from the autonymic one, recognised: Kalanchoe miniata Hils. & Bojer ex Tulasne (1857: 149–150). Type:—[MADAGASCAR.] [Antananarivo] Hab: in motibus saxocis [likely intended to have been “montibus saxosis”], prov. Emirna, s.d., M. [W.] Bojer s.n. (holotype P P00374227, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00374227). Epitype:—[MADAGASCAR.] [Antananarivo region] Angavo, Est Imerina, s.d. [received at Herb. P on 10 October 1928], H. Perrier de la Bâthie 13205 (epitype P P00443860, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00443860), designated by Smith & Shtein (2021: 123– 124). Kalanchoe miniata Hils. & Bojer ex Tul. var. miniata. Type:—as for K. miniata. Kalanchoe miniata var. andringitrensis (Perrier de la Bâthie 1924:22) Perrier de la Bâthie (1928:19). Basionym:— Kalanchoe miniata ‘race’ andringitrensis Perrier de la Bâthie (1924: 22). Type:—[MADAGASCAR.] De mon jardin de Tananarive. Prov (?) Massif d’Andringitra, s.d., H. Perrier de la Bâthie 14780 (lectotype P P00443884, http://coldb. mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00443884), lectotype designated by Smith & Shtein (2021: 123–124). Kalanchoe miniata var. anjirensis Perrier de la Bâthie (1928: 19). Type:—[MADAGASCAR.] Rocailles dénudées, vers 900 m. alt., près d’Anjiro, Avril 1924, H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16708 (lectotype P P00443889, http:// coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00443889), lectotype designated by Smith & Shtein (2021: 123–124). Taxonomic status of K. miniata :— Kalanchoe miniata is an accepted species.

3.4 Kalanchoe pinnata The taxonomy and nomenclature of K. pinnata was comprehensively discussed by Smith & Figueiredo (2018a: 220– 223) and Smith et al. (2019: 263–267), and resolve as follows: Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Persoon (1805: 446) (Fig. 1). Type:—[MAURITIUS]. s.l., s.d., M. [P.] Sonnerat s.n. (holotype P P00297646, https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/p00297646). See Wickens (1987: 27) and Smith & Figueiredo (2018a: 222). Basionym:— Cotyledon pinnata Lamarck (1786: 141). Homotypic synonyms:— Vere [i] a pinnata (Lam.) Sprengel (1825: 260). Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken (1841: 1966). Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Kurz (1871: 52) [later isonym under Turland et al. (2018: Note 2 under Art. 6.3)]. Taxonomic status of K. pinnata :— Kalanchoe pinnata is an accepted species., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F. & Figueiredo, Estrela, 2023, Names validly published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Louis-René ' Edmond' Tulasne in 1857, with reference to names proposed in sched. by Hilsenberg and Bojer for two Malagasy species, and with notes on the type of the name K. tubiflora, pp. 275-284 in Phytotaxa 584 (4) on page 280, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7663478, {"references":["Smith, G. F. & Figueiredo, E. (2018 a) Nomenclatural notes on Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. (Crassulaceae). Bradleya 36: 220 - 223. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 36.2018. a 18","Smith, G. F., Figueiredo, E. & Van Wyk, A. E. (2019) Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) in southern Africa. Classification, biology, and cultivation. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, London, San Diego, Cambridge (U. S. A.), and Oxford, 328 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / C 2017 - 0 - 00602 - X","Persoon, C. H. (1805 [1 April - 15 June]) Synopsis plantarum, seu enchiridium botanicum, complectens enumerationem systematicam specierum hucusque cognitorum. Pars prima. Apud Carol. Frid. Cramerum, Parisiis lutetiorum [Paris] et apud J. G. Cottam, Tubingae [London], 546 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 638","Wickens, G. E. (1987) Crassulaceae. In: Polhill, R. M. (Ed.) Flora of Tropical East Africa: Crassulaceae. Published on behalf of the East African Governments by A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 66 pp.","Lamarck, J. (1786 [16 October 1786]) Encyclopedie methodique. Botanique 2 (1). Panckoucke, Paris & Plomteux, Liege, 774 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 824","Sprengel, C. (1825) Systema vegetabilium. Editio decima sexta. Volumen II. Sumtibus Librariae Dieterichianae, Gottingae, 939 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 822","Oken, L. (1841) Allgemeine Naturgeschichte fur alle Stande, von Professor Oken. Vol. 3 (3). Hoffmann'sche Verlags-Buchhandlung, Stuttgart, pp. 1459 - 2142; Index (\" Register \"): pp. 1 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 100031","Kurz, W. S. (1871) On some new or imperfectly known Indian Plants, continuation from Journal, Vol. XXXIX, Part II, pp. 61 - 91. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. [Part 2. (Natural History, & c.)]. Calcutta 40 (2): 45 - 78. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 110241 # page / 63 / mode / 1 up]","Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. - H., Li, D. - Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. [Regnum Vegetabile 159], 254 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018"]}

3.2 Kalanchoe miniata The taxonomy and nomenclature of K. miniata was comprehensively discussed by Smith & Shtein (2021: 123–124) and resolve as follows, with two further varieties, apart from the autonymic one, recognised: Kalanchoe miniata Hils. & Bojer ex Tulasne (1857: 149–150). Type:—[MADAGASCAR.] [Antananarivo] Hab: in motibus saxocis [likely intended to have been “montibus saxosis”], prov. Emirna, s.d., M. [W.] Bojer s.n. (holotype P P00374227, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00374227). Epitype:—[MADAGASCAR.] [Antananarivo region] Angavo, Est Imerina, s.d. [received at Herb. P on 10 October 1928], H. Perrier de la Bâthie 13205 (epitype P P00443860, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00443860), designated by Smith & Shtein (2021: 123– 124). Kalanchoe miniata Hils. & Bojer ex Tul. var. miniata. Type:—as for K. miniata. Kalanchoe miniata var. andringitrensis (Perrier de la Bâthie 1924:22) Perrier de la Bâthie (1928:19). Basionym:— Kalanchoe miniata ‘race’ andringitrensis Perrier de la Bâthie (1924: 22). Type:—[MADAGASCAR.] De mon jardin de Tananarive. Prov (?) Massif d’Andringitra, s.d., H. Perrier de la Bâthie 14780 (lectotype P P00443884, http://coldb. mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00443884), lectotype designated by Smith & Shtein (2021: 123–124). Kalanchoe miniata var. anjirensis Perrier de la Bâthie (1928: 19). Type:—[MADAGASCAR.] Rocailles dénudées, vers 900 m. alt., près d’Anjiro, Avril 1924, H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16708 (lectotype P P00443889, http:// coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00443889), lectotype designated by Smith & Shtein (2021: 123–124). Taxonomic status of K. miniata :— Kalanchoe miniata is an accepted species., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F. & Figueiredo, Estrela, 2023, Names validly published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Louis-René ' Edmond' Tulasne in 1857, with reference to names proposed in sched. by Hilsenberg and Bojer for two Malagasy species, and with notes on the type of the name K. tubiflora, pp. 275-284 in Phytotaxa 584 (4) on pages 279-280, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7663478, {"references":["Shtein, R., Smith, G. F. & Ikeda, J. (2021) Aspects of the taxonomy of the Kalanchoe daigremontiana species complex (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and associated interspecific hybrids in southern Madagascar, with the description of a new nothospecies, K. × descoingsii (= K. laetivirens × K. tubiflora). Phytotaxa 524 (4): 235 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 524.4.2","Tulasne, L. - R. [' Edmond']. (1857) Florae madagascariensis. Fragmenta scripsit collectave digessit. Fragmentum alterum (1). Passifloreas, Homalineas, Chailletieas, Hippocrateaceas, Celastrineas, Ilicineas, Rhamneas, Pittosporeas, Hamamelideas, Crassulaceas et Saxifragaceas exhibens. [Crassulaceae. I. Bryophyllum. II. Calanchoe (sic, Kalanchoe) on pp. 147 - 150.] Annales des Sciences Naturelles; Botanique ser. 4, 8: 44 - 163. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 129817 # page / 151 / mode / 1 up]","Perrier de la Bathie, [J. M.] H. [A.] (1924 [1922 - 1923]) Les Crassulacees Malgaches. [Observations sur quelques especes du genre Kalanchoe, pp. 21 - 24; Crassulacees Malgaches nouvelles, pp. 24 - 26; Stations et distribution geographique, pp. 26 - 28; Synopsis des Crassulacees Malgaches pp. 29 - 36.] Bulletin de l'Academie Malgache [Nouvelle serie Tome VI] 6: 21 - 36. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 50784 # page / 80 / mode / 1 up]","Perrier de la Bathie, [J. M.] H. [A.] (1928 [Fevrier]) Observations nouvelles sur le genre Kalanchoe. Archives de Botanique II, Bulletin Mensuel. Caen 2 (2): 17 - 31."]}

3.3 Kalanchoe floribunda The taxonomy and nomenclature of K.floribunda resolve as follows: Kalanchoe floribunda Tulasne (1857: 150), nom. illeg. (Turland et al. 2018: Art. 53.1). Type:—[COMORO ISLANDS.] Iles Comores, Angazija, 1847–1852, M. [Louis-Hyacinthe] Boivin s.n. (lectotype P P00431004, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00431004), here designated as lectotype. Notes on the lectotype:— In the protologue of the name K. floribunda, Tulasne (1857: 150) stated: “Crescit in planitie Angazijae Comorarum maioque floret (BOVINII [Boivin] Herb.).” [English: “It grows in the plains / flat areas of Angazija [Ngazidja / Grande Comore, Comoro Islands] and is very floriferous (the Herbarium of [Louis-Hyacinthe] Boivin.”). Herb. P holds two specimens that bear printed labels with the wording: “Herb. Mus. Paris Iles Comores () M. Boivin 1847–1852. No.” that have the name “ Calanchoe [sic, Kalanchoe] floribunda ”, along with reference to Tulasne (1857: 150), written on them in black ink. Both specimens are available for examination online. On the specimen with the barcode P00431003 (available at http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00431003), the place name “ Angazija ” was added between the round brackets, but this was not done on P00431004, where “ Angazija ” was rather written in black ink on a separate, folded paper capsule. The specimen with barcode P00431003 carries the date “mai, 1850” on a separate label, but the specimen with the barcode P00431004 is undated. In the upper left corner of the printed labels “1]” (on P00431003,) and “2]” (on P00431004) were added in pencil to the two specimens, but under Turland et al. (2018: Art. 8.3) there is no indication that this is a specimen mounted as two preparations. These two specimens are therefore syntypes. The specimen with barcode P00431004 is more complete—it has vegetative and reproductive material attached to it—and is here designated as lectotype. Taxonomic status of K. floribunda :—The illegitimate name K. floribunda Tulasne (1857: 150) is most often included in the synonymy of K. adelae or, perhaps somewhat counterintuitively, sometimes treated as a synonym of a broadly conceived K. lanceolata (Forsskål 1775: CXI & 89) Persoon (1805: 446)., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F. & Figueiredo, Estrela, 2023, Names validly published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Louis-René ' Edmond' Tulasne in 1857, with reference to names proposed in sched. by Hilsenberg and Bojer for two Malagasy species, and with notes on the type of the name K. tubiflora, pp. 275-284 in Phytotaxa 584 (4) on page 280, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7663478, {"references":["Tulasne, L. - R. [' Edmond']. (1857) Florae madagascariensis. Fragmenta scripsit collectave digessit. Fragmentum alterum (1). Passifloreas, Homalineas, Chailletieas, Hippocrateaceas, Celastrineas, Ilicineas, Rhamneas, Pittosporeas, Hamamelideas, Crassulaceas et Saxifragaceas exhibens. [Crassulaceae. I. Bryophyllum. II. Calanchoe (sic, Kalanchoe) on pp. 147 - 150.] Annales des Sciences Naturelles; Botanique ser. 4, 8: 44 - 163. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 129817 # page / 151 / mode / 1 up]","Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. - H., Li, D. - Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. [Regnum Vegetabile 159], 254 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018","Forsskal, P. (1775) Flora AEgyptiaco-Arabica. Sive descriptiones plantarum, Quas per AEgyptum inferiorem et Arabiam felicem detexit […]. Ex officina M ˆ lleri, aulae Typographi. Prostat apud Heineck et Faber, Hauniae, 220 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6625","Persoon, C. H. (1805 [1 April - 15 June]) Synopsis plantarum, seu enchiridium botanicum, complectens enumerationem systematicam specierum hucusque cognitorum. Pars prima. Apud Carol. Frid. Cramerum, Parisiis lutetiorum [Paris] et apud J. G. Cottam, Tubingae [London], 546 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 638"]}

The nomenclature of K. tubiflora was discussed by Figueiredo & Smith (2017: 771). Kalanchoe tubiflora (Harv.) Hamet (1912: 44) (Fig. 2). Type:—[MOZAMBIQUE or, possibly, MADAGASCAR]. s.l. s.d., s.c. / leg. ign. s.n. (holotype S S-G-10717, https://herbarium.nrm.se/specimens/S-G-10717/image/). Basionym:— Bryophyllum tubiflorum Harvey (1862: 380). Note on the holotype:—In the protologue of the basionym of this species, Harvey (1862: 380) cited a single collection made by John Forbes in Delagoa Bay, a region today regarded as the area around Maputo in southern Mozambique. Harvey (1862) added that the collection was kept at the Sonder Herbarium. This refers to the same collection that was earlier cited by Ecklon & Zeyher (1837) as being a single and mutilated example (“exemplum unicum et mutilum”) of K. delagoensis Ecklon & Zeyher (1837: 305) collected and presented by “Cel Commodore Owen”, i.e. Capt. William Fitz William Owen. Herb. S acquired the major part of the South African, i.e., Flora capensis, herbarium of Sonder. The specimen cited by Ecklon & Zeyher (1837: 305) and by Harvey (1862: 380) is kept at Herb. S (S-G-10717), it consists of two flowers and a stem fragment and it has no label information. The plant could have originated from Madagascar where Owen’s expedition called, and could have been collected by Owen or Forbes (see Figueiredo & Smith 2022). Taxonomic status of K. tubiflora :— Kalanchoe tubiflora is an accepted species., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F. & Figueiredo, Estrela, 2023, Names validly published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Louis-René ' Edmond' Tulasne in 1857, with reference to names proposed in sched. by Hilsenberg and Bojer for two Malagasy species, and with notes on the type of the name K. tubiflora, pp. 275-284 in Phytotaxa 584 (4) on pages 280-281, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7663478, {"references":["Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G. F. (2017) (56) Request for a binding decision on the descriptive statement associated with Kalanchoe delagoensis (Crassulaceae). Taxon 66 (3): 771. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / 663.37","Hamet, R. (1912) Observations sur le Kalanchoe tubiflora nom. nov. Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt 29: 41 - 44. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 4986270 # page / 523 / mode / 1 up]","Harvey, W. H. (1862) Order LIII. Crassulaceae, D. C. VIII. Kalanchoe, Adans. In: Harvey, W. H. & Sonder, O. W. (Eds.) Flora capensis [being a systematic description of the plants of the Cape Colony, Caffraria, & Port Natal] 2. L. Reeve & Co., Ltd, Kent, pp. 378 - 380. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 15233 # page / 386 / mode / 1 up]","Ecklon, C. F. & Zeyher, C. (1837) Enumeratio plantarum Africae australis extratropicae. Publication info: Sumtibus auctorum. Prostat apud Perthes & Besser, Hamburgi, 400 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 48","Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G. F. (2022) Notes on the itinerary, fleet, and collectors of botanical specimens during the 1822 - 1826 expedition of William Fitz William Owen to South and East Africa, and beyond. Phytotaxa 568 (2): 170 - 190. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 568.2.3"]}

Smith, Gideon F. (2023): Kalanchoe ×sampsonii [K. ×hankeyi × K. sexangularis] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a horticulturally successful nothospecies from South Africa with enhanced vegetative and reproductive characters. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 293-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.6

3.1 Kalanchoe eriophylla Kalanchoe eriophylla Hils. & Bojer ex Tulasne (1857: 149). Type:—[MADAGASCAR.] Hab. in monte Antoungoun provinc. Emerinae., s.d., M. [W.] Bojer s.n. (holotype P P00374105, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00374105). Heterotypic synonym:— Cotyledon pannosa Baker (1881:269). Type:— MADAGASCAR. Ankaratra Mountains, 1879, L. Kitching s.n. (holotype K K000232849, http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000232849, not seen). Taxonomic status of K. eriophylla :— Kalanchoe eriophylla is an accepted species. Notes on the holotype of the name K. eriophylla :—As part of the protologue of the name K. eriophylla, Tulasne (1857: 149) cites a single gathering, “ Provenit, BOJERIO docente, in monte Antoungoun provinciae Emirnensis (Herb. mus. par.)”. Boiteau & Allorge-Boiteau (1995: 168) state that the “ Type ” of the name K. eriophylla is “ Bojer s. no, Mt Antogona, Imerina. Holo-P.” Since there is a single specimen at Herb. P, MNHN-P-P00374105, we concur that this specimen is the holotype of the name K. eriophylla, under Turland et al. (2018: Art. 9.1). At Herb. BM a specimen annotated “ Madagascar. Hilsenberg and Bojer ” with the handwritten label “ Calanchoe eriophylla nob. Hab. in monte Antoongoon prov. Emerinae ” is likely part of the same gathering and is a better quality specimen than the one deposited at Herb. P, but in the absence of a collecting number or date it cannot be considered a duplicate of the holotype (isotype). Notes on the type of the name Cotyledon pannosa :— Baker (1881: 269) seemingly did not cite any specimens in the protologue of the name C. pannosa. However, he clearly indicated (Baker 1881: 264) that the collector was Langley Kitching (1835–1910) and that the collection was made in Madagascar in 1879. Kitching was in Madagascar from June to November 1879 (Dorr 1997: 240–241). In the protologue, the locality of the collection is given as “Ankaratra mountains”. Under the name C. pannosa, Herb. K holds the specimen L. Kitching s.n. [http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/ K000232879], of which an image is not accessible online. Hamet (1908: 30 [46]) referred to the specimen, “ L. Kitching [s.n.]”, as “échantillon authentique” for the name C. pannosa, these two words are not equivalent to “type”; they only refer to a representative specimen and, in this case, also the only material cited by Baker (1881). Boiteau & Allorge-Boiteau (1995: 168) apparently overlooked Baker’s (and Hamet’s) reference to Kitching as the collector of the material cited in the protologue and erroneously state that, for the name C. pannosa, the “Type” is “s. nom de coll., massif de l’Ankaratra (prob. Baron 1032, iso-P)”, suggesting that a specimen of Baron 1032 might be the holotype, with an isotype extant at Herb. P. It is known that Baker was provided with large volumes of often undescribed plant material that was collected in Madagascar by Reverend Richard Baron (8 September 1847, Kendal, Westmorland, United Kingdom — 12 October 1907, Morecambe, Lancashire, United Kingdom) (see for example Smith & Figueiredo 2021: 195). Over a period of several years in the 1880s, Baker described many new genera and species represented by Baron’s specimens (Smith & Figueiredo 2021, 2022b, 2023). Nevertheless, in this case there is no doubt that the original material of C. pannosa was collected by Kitching, and not by Baron, as is clearly stated by Baker (1881: 264).

Smith, Gideon F., Figueiredo, Estrela (2023): Names validly published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Louis-René 'Edmond' Tulasne in 1857, with reference to names proposed in sched. by Hilsenberg and Bojer for two Malagasy species, and with notes on the type of the name K. tubiflora. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 275-284, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.4

Sinocrassula jiaozishanensis, a new species from China, is described and illustrated. Molecular analysis and morphological comparisons were carried out. The new species can be easily distinguished from other Sinocrassula species by its basal leaves opposite, not rosulate, turquoise with apex red, flowering stems terminal, and nectar scales oblong to kidney-shaped.

The Sierra de las Nieves National Park, declared by the Spanish Government in July 2021, is part of the Serranía de Ronda (Western Baetic mountains), which is considered one of the main centres of biodiversity and endemicity of the southern Iberian Peninsula (Andalusia, Spain) and the Mediterranean Basin. The park and its surroundings have an important diversity of vascular plants, mainly due to the orographic, climatic and geological diversity of the area, which is divided into three biogeographical sectors: Rondeño sector (limestones, dolomites and clays), Bermejense sector (peridotites and serpentines) and Aljíbico sector (gneisses and micaschists). This contribution presents the first catalogue of the vascular flora of this national park and its surrounding area, with 1,387 taxa distributed in 104 families and 542 genera. An amount of 79 taxa are endemic to Andalusia and 57 are endangered: 4 are Critically Endangered (CR), 17 are Endangered (EN) and 36 are Vulnerable (VU).

According to our previous investigation the total methanol extract from Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther demonstrates a significant inhibitory effect on herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). To clarify what causes this inhibitory activity on HSV-1, a metabolic profile of the plant was performed. Three main fractions: non-polar substances, polar metabolites and phenolic compounds were obtained and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was carried out. Since it is well known that phenolic compounds show a significant anti-herpes effect and that viral DNA polymerase (DNApol) appears to play a key role in HSV virus replication, we present a docking and quantum-chemical analysis of the binding of these compounds to viral DNApol amino acids. Fourteen different phenolic acids found by GC-MS analyses, were used in molecular docking simulations. According to the interaction energies of all fourteen ligands in the DNApol pockets based on docking results, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed on the five optimally interacting with the receptor acids. It was found that hydroxybenzoic acids from phenolic fraction of Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther show a good binding affinity to the amino acids from the active site of the HSV DNApol, but significantly lower than that of acyclovir. The mode of action on virus replication of acyclovir (by DNApol) is different from that of the plant phenolic acids one, probably.

Phenacoccus solani Ferris, 1918 and Vryburgia distincta (De Lotto, 1964) are herein reported occurring on succulent plants (Echeveria spp.) in South Korea. Both species have not been documented from South Korea except for quarantine inspection reports. In this study, diagnoses, descriptions, and photographs of the two species are provided with general information about their host plants and distributions.

In this study, the systematic status of Messageria Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1904 is discussed. It is recognized as an alycaeid genus, rather than as a subgenus or a junior synonym of Helicomorpha Möllendorff, 1890 (Diplommatinidae) as previously thought. Additionally, a new species, Messageria sinica n. sp. from Guizhou, and a new subspecies, Messageria scalarioides donghiana n. ssp. from Guangxi are described. Messageria scalarioides donghiana n. ssp. is morphologically different from the nominate subspecies by the larger shell and wider lower whorls and umbilicus. Messageria sinica n. sp. is morphologically different from the type species by having larger shell and distinct intermediate ribs.

In our continuous study for some African plants as a source for antitrypanosomally and cytotoxic active drugs, nine different plants belonging to the Crassulaceae family have been selected for the present study. Sedum sieboldii leaves extract showed an antitrypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma brucei with an IC50 value of 8.5 µg/mL. In addition, they have cytotoxic activities against (HCT-116), (HEPG-2) and (MCF-7), with IC50 values of 28.18 ± 0.24, 22.05 ± 0.66, and 26.47 ± 0.85 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the extract displayed inhibition against Topoisomerase-1 with an IC50 value of 1.31 µg/mL. It showed the highest phenolics and flavonoids content among the other plants’ extracts. In order to identify the secondary metabolites which may be responsible for such activities, profiling of the polar secondary metabolites of S. sieboldii extract via Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to High-Resolution QTOF-MS operated in negative and positive ionization modes, which revealed the presence of 46 metabolites, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, anthocyanidins, coumarin, and other metabolites.

Smith, Gideon F., Figueiredo, Estrela (2022): Kalanchoe ×sogae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) derived from Kalanchoe lateritia × K. sexangularis, with notes on the inheritance of hairiness and resistance against phytophagous insects in Kalanchoe hybrids. Phytotaxa 572 (1): 97-106, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.7

Kalanchoe × sogae Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo, nothospec. nov. (Fig. 2A–F) Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Gauteng province —2528 (Pretoria): Tshwane, (– CA), ex hort., 28 June 2022, G . F. Smith 1185 (holotype PRU). Parentage:— Kalanchoe lateritia Engler (1894: 19) × Kalanchoe sexangularis Brown (1913: 120). Diagnosis:—Like one of its parents, K. sexangularis, K. × sogae has strongly red-infused leaves, so differing from the other parent, K. lateritia, which has light green to yellowish or brownish green leaves. Kalanchoe sexangularis is completely glabrous, while K. lateritia has a pubescent vestiture; K. × sogae is puberulous and intermediate between its two parents. In K. × sogae the sepals are prominent and ± as long as those of K. lateritia, while the sepals of K. sexangularis are very small. The corolla tube of K. lateritia is light green and orangey yellow-infused, that of K. sexangularis is uniformly yellowish green, while that of K. × sogae is light green with strongly orange-infused angular sections. The corolla lobes of K. × sogae are obovate to nearly round while those of K. lateritia are obovate to lanceolate-obovate and those of K. sexangularis are ovate to subcircular. Description:—Perennial through sprouting from the base, but individual rosettes annual or biennial, dying after flowering, rather few-leaved, unbranched, puberulous throughout, succulent, to 0.5–1.0 m tall when in flower. Stems one to several, erect or leaning, light to intensely dark red, densely puberulous above, reddish brown, less puberulous lower down especially where leaves shed, often ± leafless at fruiting, round in cross-section throughout, leaf scars obvious, white. Leaves decussate, petiolate, light to intensely dark red, succulent, spoon-like longitudinally folded upwards, erectly-spreading to spreading to often floppy, caducous when inflorescence develops, somewhat papery when dry, densely puberulous throughout, hairs whitish or very light brownish white; petiole 10–20 mm long, slightly grooved above, puberulous, somewhat stem-clasping; blade (50–)60–90(–100) × 30–50 mm, elongated-elliptic to ovate to ovate-spathulate; base attenuate to cuneate; apex obtuse, round, not indented, rarely somewhat acute; margins variably crenate or dentate in upper ¾–⅞, entire towards petiole. Inflorescence consisting of contracted cymes forming dense corymbs, 0.30–0.75 m tall, terminal, erect, many- and apically dense-flowered, generally rounded, sometimes flat-topped, branches opposite, growing upwards at a ± 30º angle, subtended by small leaf-like bracts, small leafy shoots in axils usually absent, puberulous throughout; peduncle light green to strongly red-infused; pedicels 1–2 mm long, stout. Flowers 17–18 mm long, erect to slanted sideways, never pendent, bright orange-red in bud apically, conspicuously to densely puberulous throughout except adaxial corolla lobe surface; calyx consisting of 4 sepals, prominent, light green, strongly orange-infused throughout, slightly fleshy; sepals 7–9 × 2.0– 2.5 mm, basally fused into a short tube 1.0– 1.5 mm long, separate above, narrowly triangular-lanceolate, acute, ± clasping the corolla, obscuring and contrasting against light green, swollen portion of corolla tube where covered by calyx, drying reddish brown; corolla (16–) 17–18 mm long, distinctly enlarged basally, slightly twisted apically after anthesis; tube (15–) 16– 17 mm long, light green especially basal swollen part, distinctly 4-angled-fluted, rounded when viewed from below, gradually narrowly cylindrical apically, angles distinctly and strongly orange-infused to yield striped appearance; lobes 5–6 × 4–5 mm, bright yellow to strongly bright orange-infused towards margins and apical ⅓, obovate to nearly round, gradually acuminate towards apex, apiculate-mucronate. Stamens 8, inserted in ± two ranks at about the middle of the corolla tube, well included; filaments 2.5–3.0 mm long, thin, flimsy, light yellow; anthers 0.5–1.0 mm long, yellowish grey, oval to oblong. Pistil consisting of 4 carpels; carpels 5–6 mm long, light green; styles 1–2 mm long; stigmas very slightly capitate, whitish; scales (2.0–)2.5(–3.0) mm long, linear to linear-ribbon-like to very slightly linear to oblong to tapering to apex, yellowish green. Follicles not seen. Seeds not seen. Chromosome number: unknown. Eponymy:— Kalanchoe × sogae is named for Dr Jotello Festiri Soga (born near Stutterheim, Eastern Cape province, South Africa, 1865–died Amalinda near East London, Eastern Cape province, South Africa, 6 December 1906), the first South African to have qualified as a veterinary surgeon. He studied in Scotland and thereafter worked for the then Cape Department of Agriculture (Hammel 2020: 54). He had an interest in ethnobotany and is known to have liaised with his botanical contemporaries Peter MacOwan and Andrew Smith (Gunn & Codd 1981: 327, Figueiredo & Smith 2021: 291–292). He inter alia studied krimpsiekte, also called nenta poisoning, a chronic form of heart glycoside poisoning, especially among small livestock (Soga 1891). Krimpsiekte is caused by a range of representatives of the Crassulaceae, including by kalanchoes (Smith et al. 2019a: 43, 52, 108), with nentabos being one of the Afrikaans vernacular names of K. rotundifolia (Haworth 1824: 188) Haworth (1825: 31). Flowering time:— Kalanchoe ×sogae flowers mainly in the mid-winter months, June to August in the southern hemisphere. Notes:—Several biennial, multiannual, and perennial species of Kalanchoe are variously and virtually throughout pubescent or tomentose, or are squamulose (finely scale-like covered). This applies especially to the medium-sized to large shrubs and small trees with woody stems that are included in the ‘woody clade’ of K. subg. Kalanchoe that is naturally restricted to Madagascar (see for example Smith et al. 2021c, d and Smith & Figueiredo 2019, 2022a, b, 2023b). Species that have most of the external surfaces of their organs so adorned include the widely cultivated K. beharensis Drake del Castillo (1903: 41) (see Smith et al. 2021d), K. millotii Hamet & Perrier de la Bâthie (1912: 374) (see Smith & Figueiredo 2019, Smith et al. 2019b, Smith 2020 f, and Smith et al. 2021e), and K. tomentosa Baker (1882: 110) (see Smith 2020g). Similarly, nothospecies of which these species are variously the parents, for example K. × edwardii Smith & Shtein (2020: 120) [K. beharensis × K. tomentosa] (see Smith 2022d); K. × gildenhuysii Smith & Figueiredo (2020: 43) [K. millotii × K. tomentosa]; and K. × hummeliae Smith (2020f: 91) [K. beharensis × K. millotii] (see Smith 2022d: 155), are variously hairy. Therefore, where two variously pubescent- or tomentose-leaved species hybridise, the offspring is invariably hairy to varying degrees. The opposite also holds true: where two glabrous Kalanchoe species are hybridised, the offspring is glabrous (see K. × gunniae Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo in Smith et al. 2019c: 147). A hairy vestiture is not restricted to some Malagasy Kalanchoe species; species from Africa and other parts of the distribution range of the genus also show this trait [see for example Smith et al. 2019a: 170–176 with reference to K. lanceolata (Forsskål 1775: CXI & 89) Persoon (1805: 446), where onset of the reproductive phase yields hairy peduncles, bract-like leaves, and flowers]. Further, a hairy vestiture is not restricted to the vegetative parts of these, and some other, species of Kalanchoe; in many instances the stem-peduncle continuum, inflorescence branches, and flowers (usually excepting the adaxial corolla lobe surface) too can be variously and often very densely hairy (Weryzko-Chmielewska & Chernetskyy 2005). Horticultural material of the intensely red-infused K. sexangularis, an endemic southern and south-tropical African species, has for long been popular in outdoor cultivation in mild-climate regions of the world. This species has also been combined with reddish purple-leaved forms of K. luciae to yield horticulturally successful, strikingly red- to purplish red-leaved material that was described as K. × estrelae, as well as giving rise to orange-leaved material described as K. × leistneri Smith (2021c: 250), following combination with K. winteri Gideon F.Sm., N.R.Crouch & Mich.Walters in Crouch et al. (2016: 219). Kalanchoe sexangularis, as well as K. × estrelae, can act as hosts of, and are sometimes severely attacked by, the kalanchoe weevil, Sternuchopsis sedi (Marshall 1938) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae: Mecysolobini) (Fig. 3A–B). The weevil deposits its eggs in the stems where the hatched larvae feed on the internal tissues, usually leaving only a hollowed out and very much weakened and tube-like stem that will easily snap off. The weevil can also incite stem galls and both larvae and adults can cause substantial damage to kalanchoe populations. However, to date, likely given its puberulous vestiture, K. × sogae has not been observed as acting as a host of S. sedi. It has been long-known that variously hairy representatives of the Crassulaceae are less prone to attacks by phytophagous insects than glabrous species [see for example Smith et al. 2019a: 80 on the hairy form of Cotyledon barbeyi Schweinf. ex Baker (1893: 624)]. Kalanchoe × sogae responds well to cultivation and once material propagated through stem cuttings is rooted very little aftercare is required. With red, yellow, and orange, the predominant leaf and flower colours of K. × sogae, which are so-called related colours on the landscaping colour wheel (Calhoun 2009: 118), this nothospecies, material of which has thus far entered the horticultural trade in limited volumes, is an excellent addition to material suitable for waterwise, even no-irrigation, gardening in mild climates (Smith 2020a –d, 2021a, Smith & Hankey 2021, Smith & Shtein 2021)., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F. & Figueiredo, Estrela, 2022, Kalanchoe × sogae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) derived from Kalanchoe lateritia × K. sexangularis, with notes on the inheritance of hairiness and resistance against phytophagous insects in Kalanchoe hybrids, pp. 97-106 in Phytotaxa 572 (1) on pages 99-102, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7305747, {"references":["Engler, A. (1894) Uber die Gliederung der Flora Usambaras und der angrenzenden Gebiete. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Berlin. 1894: 1 - 86. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 92793 page / 55 / mode / 1 up]","Brown, N. E. (1913) 1436. Kalanchoe sexangularis. In: XVII - Diagnoses Africanae LIII. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Kew 1913 (3): 120 - 121. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 43726 page / 125 / mode / 1 up]","Hammel, T. (2020) African farmers and medicinal plant experts. In: Drayton, R. & Dubow, S. (eds.) Shaping natural history and settler society. Mary Elizabeth Barber and the nineteenth-century Cape [corrected]. Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series. Palgrave Macmillan, and imprint of Springer Nature, Cham, Zug, Switzerland, pp. 39 - 74, the whole work 360 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 030 - 22639 - 8 _ 2","Gunn, M. [D.] & Codd, L. E. [W.] (1981) Botanical exploration of southern Africa. An illustrated history of early botanical literature on the Cape flora. Biographical accounts of the leading plant collectors and their activities in southern Africa from the days of the East India Company until modern times. A. A. Balkema, Cape Town, 400 pp.","Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G. F. (2021) Women in the first three centuries of formal botany in southern Africa. Blumea 66 (3): 275 - 307. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / blumea. 2021.66.03.10","Soga, J. F. (1891) Disease ' Nenta' in goats. Agricultural Journal of the Cape of Good Hope 3: 140 - 142.","Smith, G. F., Figueiredo, E. & Van Wyk, A. E. (2019 a) Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) in southern Africa. Classification, biology, and cultivation. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, London, San Diego, Cambridge (USA), and Oxford, 328 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 814007 - 9.00003 - 7","Haworth, A. H. (1824 [September]) XXXI. Decas novarum Plantarum Succulentarum. (\" Mr Haworth's Decade of new Succulent Plants. \"). The Philosophical Magazine and Journal [: comprehending various branches of science, the liberal and fine arts, agriculture, manufactures, and commerce] 64: 184 - 191. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14786442408644582","Haworth, A. H. (1825 [06 July]) III. Decas quarta novarum Plantarum Succulentarum (\" Mr Haworth's Fourth Decade of new Succulent Plants. \"). The Philosophical Magazine and Journal [: comprehending various branches of science, the liberal and fine arts, agriculture, manufactures, and commerce] 66: 27 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14786442508673917","Smith, G. F., Shtein, R., Klein, D. - P., Parihar, B., Almeida, A., Rodewald, S. & Kadereit, G. (2021 c) Sexual and asexual reproduction in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae): a review of known and newly recorded strategies. Haseltonia 28: 2 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.2985 / 026.028.0101","Drake del Castillo, E. (1903) Note sur les plantes recueillies par M. Guillaume Grandidier dans le sud de Madagascar, en 1898 et 1901. (A suivre). Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle 9: 35 - 46. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 42893852 page / 45 / mode / 1 up]","Smith, G. F., Figueiredo, E. & Walker, C. C. (2021 d) Kalanchoe beharensis. Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae. Madagascar. Flowering Plants of Africa 67: 50 - 59, plate 2365.","Hamet, R. & Perrier de la Bathie, J. M. H. A. (1912) Contribution a l'etude des Crassulacees malgaches. Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Botanique, ser. 9, 16: 361 - 377. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 24564 page / 771 / mode / 1 up]","Smith, G. F., Figueiredo, E. & Bernhard, S. (2019 b) Notes on the taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe brevisepala (Humbert) L. Allorge and its basionym, K. millotii Raym. - Hamet & H. Perrier subsp. brevisepala Humbert, and Kalanchoe dinklagei Rauh (Crassulaceae). Bradleya 37: 87 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 37.2019. a 31","Smith, G. F. (2020 f) Kalanchoe × hummeliae Gideon F. Sm.: the hybrid between K. beharensis Drake and K. millotii Raym. - Hamet & H. Perrier (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Bradleya 38: 89 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 38.2020. a 12","Smith, G. F., Figueiredo, E. & Crouch, N. R. (2021 e) Kalanchoe millotii. Crassulaceae: Kalanchooideae. Madagascar. Flowering Plants of Africa 67: 80 - 89, plate 2368.","Baker, J. G. (1882) Contributions to the flora of central Madagascar (to be continued). Journal of Botany, British and Foreign. London 20: 109 - 114. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 35873 page / 125 / mode / 1 up]","Smith, G. F. (2020 g) Nomenclature of the partial infrageneric classification proposed for Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Rene C. J. E. Maire in 1976. Phytotaxa 468 (2): 231 - 235. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 468.2.8","Smith, G. F. & Shtein, R. (2020) Kalanchoe × edwardii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a nothospecies derived from K. beharensis and K. tomentosa. Phytotaxa 475 (2): 117 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 475.2.6","Smith, G. F. (2022 d) Identity of Kalanchoe ' Fang' and K. ' Rose Leaf', two cultivars derived from K. × edwardii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), with notes on aspects of interspecific hybridisation in the genus. Bradleya 40: 151 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 40.2022. a 14","Smith, G. F. & Figueiredo, E. (2020) Kalanchoe × gildenhuysii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new nothospecies derived from K. millotii and K. tomentosa. Phytotaxa 442 (1): 43 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 442.1.8","Smith, G. F., Figueiredo, E., Loureiro, J. & Crouch, N. R. (2019 c) Kalanchoe × gunniae Gideon F. Sm & Figueiredo (Crassulaceae), a new South African nothospecies derived from Kalanchoe paniculata Harv. × Kalanchoe sexangularis N. E. Br. Bradleya 37: 141 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 37.2019. a 9","Forsskal, P. (1775) Flora AEgyptiaco-Arabica. Sive descriptiones plantarum, Quas per AEgyptum inferiorem et Arabiam felicem detexit […]. Ex officina Molleri, aulae Typographi. Prostat apud Heineck et Faber, Hauniae, 220 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6625","Persoon, C. H. (1805 [1 April - 15 June]) Synopsis plantarum, seu enchiridium botanicum, complectens enumerationem systematicam specierum hucusque cognitorum. Pars prima. Apud Carol. Frid. Cramerum, Parisiis lutetiorum [Paris] et apud J. G. Cottam, Tubingae [London]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 638","Weryzko-Chmielewska, E. & Chernetskyy, M. (2005) Structure of trichomes from the surface of leaves of some species of Kalanchoe Adans. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica 47 (2): 15 - 22.","Crouch, N. R., Smith, G. F., Walters, M. & Figueiredo, E. (2016) Kalanchoe winteri Gideon F. Sm., N. R. Crouch & Mich. Walters (Crassulaceae), a new species from the Wolkberg Centre of Endemism, South Africa. Bradleya 34: 217 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 34.2016. a 9","Marshall, G. A. K. (1938) XX. New Curculionidae (Col.) from southern Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History ser. 11, 1 (2): 178 - 195. [https: // www. tandfonline. com / doi / abs / 10.1080 / 00222933808526755]","Baker, J. G. (1893 [27 May]) New or noteworthy plants. Cotyledon barbeyi, Schweinf. ined. * The Gardeners' Chronicle. [A weekly illustrated journal of Horticulture and Allied Subjects], 3 rd ser., XIIII (No. 335): 624 - 625. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 83804 page / 646 / mode / 1 up]","Calhoun, S. (2009) The hot garden. Landscaping design for the desert southwest. Rio Nuevo Publishers, Tucson, Arizona, 192 pp.","Smith, G. F. (2020 a) Kalanchoe × estrelae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): a new nothospecies for the hybrid between K. luciae and K. sexangularis. Phytotaxa 441 (2): 225 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 441.2.11","Smith, G. F. & Hankey, A. (2021) Kalanchoe × forbesiae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) derived from K. lubangensis × K. sexangularis: towards improved horticultural material. Phytotaxa 528 (5): 290 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 528.5.3"]}

The natural geographical distribution range of Sedum rubens in continental Portugal is reassessed. Based on the Flora iberica provinces recognised for the country, the occurrence of the species in Ribatejo is confirmed but it is thus far excluded from Beira Alta.

Several related yellow-flowered houseleek species which occur on the Balkan Peninsula are divided into two complexes: Sempervivum ciliosum (S. ciliosum, S. jakucsii, S. klepa, S. octopodes, and S. galicicum) and the S. ruthenicum complex (S. ruthenicum, S. leucanthum, S. kindingeri, and S. zeleborii). Due to strong phenotypic plasticity and a limited number of studies, it is difficult to assert at this point whether all the above species are well defined in the taxonomic sense. Detailed studies of the epidermal structures have not been conducted for any of the species in either complex. The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of variability of the epidermal structures together with their potential usefulness for the taxonomic characterization of the species studied. A total of 18 quantitative characters of the epidermal structures of the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the rosette leaves were analysed within 16 populations. In all species, the epidermal cells are polygonal or irregularly shaped, with straight or sinuous anticlinal walls, while the rosette leaves are amphistomatic with anisocytic stomata. Simple biseriate multicellular glandular trichomes were found on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces and the margins of the rosette leaves. The results of the descriptive statistics, univariate (ANOVA) and multivariate statistical analysis (CDA, AHC) showed low to high variability in the epidermal cells, guard cells and trichomes. The multivariate analysis showed diversification among the complexes and species. The length of the marginal and apical trichomes of the rosette leaves contributed most to diversification. Balkansko poluostrvo nastanjuje nekoliko sličnih, žutocvetnih vrsta čuvarkuća svrstanih u dva kompleksa: Sempervivum ciliosum (S. ciliosum, S. jakucsii, S. klepa, S. octopodes, S. galicicum) i S. ruthenicum (S. ruthenicum, S. leucanthum, S. kindingeri, S. zeleborii). Usled izrazite fenotipske plastičnosti trenutno je teško utvrditi da li su sve vrste pomenutih kompleksa dobro definisane u taksonomskom smislu. Detaljna istraživanja epidermalnih struktura do sada nisu sprovedena ni za jednu od navedenih vrsta. Cilj ove studije bio je da se ispita stepen varijabilnosti epidermalnih struktura i mogućnost njihove primene u taksonomskoj karakterizaciji navedenih vrsta. Ukupno 18 kvantitativnih osobina epidermalnih struktura adaksijalne i abaksijalne površine listova rozete je analizirano na nivou 16 populacija. Kod svih vrsta, epidermalne ćelije su poligonalnog ili nepravilnog oblika, sa ravnim ili vijugavim antiklinalnim zidovima, dok su listovi amfistomatični sa anizocitnim tipom stoma. Prosti biserijatni višećelijski žlezdani trihomi pronađeni su na adaksijalnoj i abaksijalnoj površini, kao i na marginama listova rozete. Rezultati deskriptivne statistike, univarijantnih (ANOVA) i multivarijantnih statističkih analiza (CDA, AHC) ukazuju na nizak do visok stepen varijabilnosti epidermalnih ćelija, ćelija zatvaračica i trihoma. Multivarijantne analize ukazuju na raznolikost kompleksa i vrsta, dok dužine marginalnih i apikalnih trihoma listova u najvećoj meri doprinose njihovoj različitosti.

Echeveria kristenii is described as a new species from Sierra Azul, Mezquital, Durango. The new species belongs to a sub-group of northwestern Mexican taxa within ser. Gibbiflorae. Within the series it is most similar to E. dactylifera and E. novogaliciana in its acaulescent habit, sessile, farinaceous and somewhat narrowed leaves, paniculate inflorescences with short cincinni, and the presence of finger-like appendages at the base of the epipetalous filaments. Characters that distinguish it from those species include the size of the rosette, the shape, color, and size of the leaves, and the color of the styles and nectary scales. Additionally, three diagnostic nucleotide characters were found in rbcL, matK and ITS2, three standard DNA barcoding regions, that differentiate the new species not only from its closest relatives, but from all other taxa of ser. Gibbiflorae.

The primary goal of this study is to offer preliminary data for drug discovery research using Kalanchoe pinnata a heavenly plant that has a broad variety of active chemicals, including alkaloids, Phenols, Phenylpropanoids, Flavanoids, Triterpenoids, steroids, organic Salts. This plant was discovered to have a variety of pharmacological properties, including Antihypertensiveactivity, Hepatoprotective activity, Antimutagenic activity, Anti-ulcer activity, Uterine Contractility, Antidiabetic activity, Wound-healing activity, Antioxidant activity, Antitumour activity, Antiviral activity, Antimicrobial activity, Antileishmanial activity, Insecticidal activity, Antipyreticactivity, Antilithiatic activity, Neuropharmacological Immunosuppressive antibacterial activity, Cytotoxicity of testis. This study provides phytoconstituents and pharmacological activity of K. pinnata, a medicinal plant that may help researchers conduct more advanced qualitative research. Keywords: Kalanchoe pinnata, Phytoconstituents, Names, Traditional use, Pharmacological activities.

The 25 names, mostly at the rank of species, which were jointly published by Raymond-Hamet (1890–1972) and Henri Perrier de la Bâthie (1873–1958) in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) between 1912 and 1915, with a final name appearing in 1948, are catalogued. The current taxonomic status of the taxa, to which these names are applied, is provided and where necessary the names are typified or previous typifications are corrected or superseded if these were not effective.

A new species of Crassula (Crassulaceae subfam. Crassuloideae), C. stylesii that belongs in C. sect. Rosulares, is described from the Maputaland-Pondoland Region of Endemism in KwaZulu-Natal in southeastern South Africa. Crassula stylesii shows similarities with the autonymic varieties of C. setulosa and C. obovata. However, it grows taller than both these species, and pseudo-rosettes do not develop basally in the case of C. stylesii, but are characteristically present in both C. setulosa and C. obovata, particularly the former. Crassula stylesii is illustrated and differences among the three species are tabulated.

The nomenclature that Perrier de la Bâthie and Boiteau & Mannoni successively published for the Malagasy K. miniata (Crassulaceae subfam Kalanchooideae) in the 1920s and 1940s, respectively, is analysed. New synonyms are recorded for K. miniata and designations not validly published are noted. The infraspecific names published in K. miniata by Perrier de la Bâthie and Boiteau & Mannoni are interpreted as referring to material that belong to three species, namely to K. miniata, K. pseudocampanulata, and K. pubescens. Several names are typified and a new combination, K. pubescens var. tsinjoarivensis, based on K. miniata var. tsinjoarivensis, is published.

Bryophyllum constitutes a subgenus of succulent plants that have been widely employed worldwide in traditional medicine. Micropropagation is required to optimize their growth and reproduction for biotechnological purposes. The mineral composition of culture media is usually an underestimated factor in the design of the in vitro culture protocols of medicinal plants. Universal and highly cited media mineral formulations, such as the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, are generally employed in plant tissue culture studies, although they cause physiological disorders due to their imbalanced mineral composition. In this work, neurofuzzy logic is proposed as a machine-learning-based tool to decipher the key factors (genotype, number of subcultures, and macronutrients) that are involved in the establishment of the Bryophyllum sp. in vitro culture. The results show that genotype played a key role, as it impacts both vegetative growth and asexual reproduction in all of the species that were studied. In addition, ammonium was identified as a significant factor, as concentrations above 15 mM promote a negative effect on vegetative growth and reproduction. These findings should be considered as the starting point for optimizing the establishment of the in vitro culture of Bryophyllum species, with large-scale applications as biofactories of health-promoting compounds, such as polyphenols and bufadienolides. Agencia Española de Investigación | Ref. EQC2019-006178-P Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431E 2018/07 Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431D R 2017/018

Twenty-two flavonoids were isolated from the leaves and stems of

5. Kalanchoe winteri Gideon F.Sm., N.R.Crouch & Mich.Walters in Crouch et al. (2016: 219) (Fig. 5) Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Limpopo province —2430 (Pilgrim’s Rest): Wolkberg, Thabakgolo Escarpment, Sedibeng sa Lebese Mountain, west of Strasburg, (– AD), 10 September 2000, P. J . D. Winter 4430 (holotype PRE!). Treated in:— Smith et al. (2019a: 62–69) and Smith et al. (2019b: 239–243)., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F., 2022, Of paddles, soup plates, and clubs: the taxonomy of the southern and southtropical African Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe) and its constituent species, pp. 8-26 in Phytotaxa 568 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.568.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7184224, {"references":["Crouch, N. R., Smith, G. F., Walters, M. & Figueiredo, E. (2016) Kalanchoe winteri Gideon F. Sm., N. R. Crouch & Mich. Walters (Crassulaceae), a new species from the Wolkberg Centre of Endemism, South Africa. Bradleya 34: 217 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 34.2016. a 9","Smith, G. F., Figueiredo, E. & Crouch, N. R. (2019 a) Kalanchoe winteri. Crassulaceae. South Africa. Flowering Plants of Africa 66: 62 - 69, plate 2348. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 37.2019. a 9","Smith, G. F., Figueiredo, E. & Van Wyk, A. E. (2019 b) Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) in southern Africa. Classification, biology, and cultivation. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, London, San Diego, Cambridge (USA), and Oxford, 328 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 814007 - 9.00003 - 7"]}

1. Kalanchoe thyrsiflora Harvey (1862: 380) (Fig. 1) Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Likely Eastern Cape Province, Katrivier near Philipstown, Ecklon & Zeyher 1953 (lectotype S S-G-10758!; isolectotype SAM SAM0036022 -0! pro parte) designated by Tölken (1985: 69). Treated in:— Smith et al. (2019b: 233–238) and Smith & Figueiredo (2021c: 218)., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F., 2022, Of paddles, soup plates, and clubs: the taxonomy of the southern and southtropical African Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe) and its constituent species, pp. 8-26 in Phytotaxa 568 (1) on page 20, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.568.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7184224, {"references":["Harvey, W. H. (1862) Order LIII. Crassulaceae, D. C. VIII. Kalanchoe, Adans. In: W. H. Harvey & O. W. Sonder, Flora capensis [being a systematic description of the plants of the Cape Colony, Caffraria, & Port Natal], Vol. 2. L. Reeve & Co., Ltd, Kent, pp. 378 - 380. Available from: https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 15233 page / 386 / mode / 1 up (accessed 6 October 2022)","Tolken, H. R. (1985) Crassulaceae. 3166, 4. Kalanchoe. 3166 a, 5. Bryophyllum. In: O. A. Leistner (ed.) Flora of Southern Africa 14. Botanical Research Institute, Department of Agriculture and Water Supply, place of publication not stated, likely Pretoria, pp. 61 - 74.","Smith, G. F., Figueiredo, E. & Van Wyk, A. E. (2019 b) Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) in southern Africa. Classification, biology, and cultivation. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, London, San Diego, Cambridge (USA), and Oxford, 328 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 814007 - 9.00003 - 7","Smith, G. F. & Figueiredo, E. (2021 c) The floristics and phytogeography of Kalanchoe Adans. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) in the Waterberg Biosphere Reserve, northern South Africa. Bradleya 39: 207 - 220. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 39.2021. a 22"]}

4.1 Kalanchoe aleurodes Stearn (1931a: 164), nom. utique rej. prop. Type:— ZIMBABWE [Southern Rhodesia]. About 27 km north of Harare [Salisbury], raised from seed collected by Mr S. G. Arden at or near the area or village Dombashawa [Domboshaw[v]a] in the province of Mashonaland East and cultivated in the Cambridge Botanic Garden [“ex Hort. Bot. Cantab.” (Stearn 1931a: 164)], Stearn s.n. (holotype CGE, not seen [see discussion below]; isotype Herb. BM barcode BM000649720!, specimen annotated as “co-type”). Notes on the type of the name K. aleurodes :—When publishing the name K. aleurodes, Stearn (1931a: 164) provided the following information only about the type: “ Typus in Herb. Univ. Cantab.”, i.e., that it is kept in the Cambridge University Herbarium (Herb. CGE). No responses have been received to enquiries about the existence, or to see an image, of this specimen at Herb. CGE, which on their website (https://www.museums.cam.ac.uk/research/ cambridge-university-herbarium) states that it is “…especially rich in ‘type’ specimens […] (numbering an estimated 50,000 individual specimens)”. The “co-type” specimen—it is, in fact, an isotype—that Stearn kept in his personal herbarium is stamped “Herb. W. T. Stearn.” with the stamp prefixed by “ex” written in ink, so indicating that the material originated from Stearn. “Co-type” is an obsolete term no longer in use in plant nomenclature that generally meant syntype, but also paratype and isotype (Hawksworth 2010: 55). Additional information about the material that was used when the description was drawn up, and presumably preserved in Herb. CGE and in Stearn’s personal collection, now at Herb. BM, is provided by Tutin (1931: 9)., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F., 2022, Of paddles, soup plates, and clubs: the taxonomy of the southern and southtropical African Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe) and its constituent species, pp. 8-26 in Phytotaxa 568 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.568.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7184224, {"references":["Stearn, W. T. (1931 a [15 June]) Notes from the University Herbarium, Cambridge. I. A new Rhodesian Kalanchoe. The Journal of Botany, British and Foreign LXIX [69]: 164 - 165.","Hawksworth, D. L. (Comp.) (2010) Terms used in bionomenclature. The naming of organisms (and plant communities). Including terms used in botanical, cultivated plant, phylogenetic, phytosociological, prokaryote (bacteriological), virus, and zoological nomenclature. Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Copenhagen, 215 pp. Available from: https: // books. google. com. au / books? id = Qky 7 _ 6 - Uc QQC & pg = PA 68 & lpg = PA 68 v = onepage & q & f = false (accessed 6 October 2022)","Tutin, F. (1931 [4 July]) Kalanchoe aleurodes. Gardeners' Chronicle [: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects] 3 rd ser., XC [90]: 9."]}

7. Kalanchoe benbothae Smith & Crouch (2021: 109) (Fig. 7) Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. KwaZulu-Natal province —2731 (Louwsburg): Vaalbank, (– CA), rocky grassland to the northeast of the town, sterile material collected in February 2017, flowered in cultivation in Durban, 2 June 2021, B . S. [Ben] Botha 1 (holotype PRU!). Treated in:—Smith & Crouch (2021: 109)., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F., 2022, Of paddles, soup plates, and clubs: the taxonomy of the southern and southtropical African Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe) and its constituent species, pp. 8-26 in Phytotaxa 568 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.568.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7184224

3. Kalanchoe montana Compton (1967: 295) (Fig. 3) Type:— ESWATINI [Swaziland]. Near Devil’s Bridge—2531 (Komatipoort): Pigg’s Peak district, Emlembe Mountains, altitude 5500’ [ca. 1676 m] above sea level, (–CC), 27 February 1967, Compton 29471 (lectotype NBG!, designated by Tölken 1978: 89; lectotype narrowed down to NBG0099565-0 in a second-step lectotypification by Smith et al. 2016: 70). Homotypic synonym:— Kalanchoe luciae subsp. montana (Compton) Tölken (1978: 89). Treated in:— Smith et al. (2016: 69) and Smith et al. (2019b: 195–200)., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F., 2022, Of paddles, soup plates, and clubs: the taxonomy of the southern and southtropical African Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe) and its constituent species, pp. 8-26 in Phytotaxa 568 (1) on page 20, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.568.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7184224, {"references":["Compton, R. H. (1967) Plantae novae Africanae. Series XXXII. Journal of South African Botany 33: 293 - 304.","Tolken, H. R. (1978) Two new species and a new combination in the genus Kalanchoe. Journal of South African Botany 44: 89 - 91. Available from: https: // archive. org / stream / journalofsouthaf 44 unse page / 90 / mode / 2 up (accessed 6 October 2022)","Smith, G. F., Crouch, N. R. & Figueiredo, E. (2016) Reinstatement of Kalanchoe montana Compton (Crassulaceae), a distinctive species from the Barberton Center of Endemism, eastern southern Africa. Haseltonia 22: 64 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.2985 / 026.022.0112","Smith, G. F., Figueiredo, E. & Van Wyk, A. E. (2019 b) Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) in southern Africa. Classification, biology, and cultivation. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, London, San Diego, Cambridge (USA), and Oxford, 328 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 814007 - 9.00003 - 7"]}