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This paper describes and analyzes a series of paradigmatic oppositions between N’ constructions in the P-Celtic languages (Welsh, Breton, Cornish) which serve to code expressive pragmatics of adjectives. The paper considers both paradigmatic and syntagmatic aspects of these constructions, and shows that asymmetric interaction of constructions in paradigms influences their purely formal syntagmatic interactions. A typology of expressive categories is built to serve as a framework for comparison between constructions. It is argued that a view of grammar that includes both formal and functional dimensions (‘the coding view’) also provides valuable insight in matters of purely formal constructional interaction.

This study identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that affect the body weight of chickens. Analysis of body weight showed that the Cornish breed had the highest body weight, and the Korean native chicken (Gray Brown) had the lowest body weight. TSH is composed of an α-subunit and a β-subunit, and the TSH-β gene encoding the β-subunit has been reported to be associated with obesity. In chickens, it is located on chromosome 26 and is reported to be associated with growth. The calcium-sensing receptor gene (CaSR) plays a role in the regulation of extracellular calcium homeostasis and is responsible for calcium absorption in the urinary tract, which affects the eggshell quality in poultry. It was shown that TSH-β was strongly correlated with weight in Cornish and Korean native (Gray Brown) chickens, particularly in those with the CC trait. However, CaSR showed no association with body weight in poultry; it was associated with calcium and the eggshell. Thus, selection for TSH-β can be used to produce individuals with more favorable traits in terms of body weight.

This year marks several anniversary milestones of an eminent Australian and Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) recipient, Dr Geoffrey James Cornish MBBS, abbreviated as GC throughout this letter. GC is especially renowned for a long and esteemed career in medicine, and for playing an integral, real-life role as a prisoner-of-war (POW) in World War II’s tragic "Great Escape", upon which the popular 1963 movie is based. Several journalistic and literary works (cited later) that celebrate and underscore GC’s remarkable life/professional career have previously been published through or in association with: the Aircrew Association, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Australian ex-POW Associations, the Australians at war film archive, an authorised biography, a community radio interview of a Cornish Family member, a historiographer’s (class) treatise, the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), various newspapers, and 60 Minutes Australia. The esteemed medical career of GC includes, but is certainly not limited to, innovations in cardiac rehabilitation and anaesthetics, as well the establishment of vital Red Cross blood banks throughout regional Australia, all having significant community impact. Indeed, GC’s life of service, that extended into his eighties, contains many other dimensions and achievements of distinction which this letter briefly summarises. Additionally, original to this letter are ten short audio messages of inspiration from GC that the first Author recorded almost 20 years ago and which to best knowledge have until now never been publically released. While other more formal audio recordings of GC are available online (e.g., award acceptance speech, interview), the audio recordings of this letter are unique in their manner of personal articulation, especially towards those within his famed walking program, and the manner in which they exude the optimism and warmth that were synonymous with GC. Along with the aforementioned life summary and audio recordings, the letter also contains memoirs and photographs donated by the Cornish Family (via the second Author, daughter of GC), and subtly explores the spirituality of the quietly determined and modest man that was GC. The primary GC milestone falling in 2021 is the 100th year birthday (June) anniversary, but this year also coincides with 80th and 75th year anniversaries of respective capture as a POW whilst a Captain in the Royal Air Force (RAF), and returning to Australia to commence medical studies. Perhaps fittingly, the 100th year birthday anniversary is shared with the 2021 service centenary of the RAAF which in 1939 processed GC’s service application on behalf of the RAF. However, this socially significant letter in no way aims to glorify its unavoidable war aspect, but instead glorifies faith and humanity, as well as the strength of a man constituted by caring and generosity towards others, found within the confines of such conflict and other adversities. In a perfectly succinct narrative, journalist Tara Brown of 60 Minutes Australia describes in [1] GC’s life as a touching and inspirational story of humble heroism and enduring spirit resembling an adventure novel, but being far more fascinating than any work of fiction.

In 2019 a collection of letters from the nineteenth-century natural philosopher Robert Were Fox was discovered in his home at Penjerrick in Cornwall. Fox came to the attention of scientific audiences for experimentally establishing that temperature increases with depth beneath the Earth's surface, and later secured fame for his magnetic dipping needle, developed to measure terrestrial magnetic phenomena. The newly uncovered Penjerrick letters constitute a valuable archival discovery with important historical ramifications for our understanding of Fox's work and its place within nineteenth-century science. As well as highlighting the central role of networking in promoting provincial science, the letters reveal the prominence of the Cornish mine as a site of experiment within British scientific culture. These venues presented Fox with unique spaces in which to scrutinize nature, but such philosophical investigations were unverifiable within a laboratory and appeared susceptible to inaccuracies arising from the working conditions of this uncontrollable environment. Nevertheless, the Cornish mine was crucial to the development of Fox's dipping needle, which became the premier device for making magnetic observations at sea in the 1840s. In this article, I demonstrate the epistemologically problematic nature of the mine as an experimental space that was to take on a central role in the worldwide magnetic survey that historians have described as the ‘Magnetic Crusade’.

Four Cornish buildings with base-cruck trusses are described, part of a distinctive group that share the feature of having the blades passing the tiebeams to clasp the arcade plates. They have been...

Cornish is the vernacular language of Cornwall, the most South-Western part of Great Britain. It is widely believed the language died out in the eighteenth century with the death of Dolly Pentreath, the so-called last speaker of the language. What caused the language to become extinct, and why do minority languages fall into disuse? After the subsequent Cornish language revival at the beginning of the twentieth century, what lessons can the language community learn from linguists who have researched language extinction and revival?

This study examines ways in which loss can lead to individual experiences of change: the transformational face of loss. It is specifically interested in how loss can be experienced, recalled, and integrated as part of the journey towards what Kübler-Ross (1973) calls “acceptance” or Kessler (2019) calls “meaning”. This paper draws on the recollections of five miners who lost both their job and community when the mine they worked in closed in 1996. The heuristic approach (Moustakas, 1990) adopted in this research helped the researcher and participants tap back into their lived experience of loss, enabling a new experiencing and documenting that was both data-driven and creative. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted, recorded, and transcribed as an expression of their journey towards change. Participants were asked questions about their sensory and emotional responses to their jobs in the mine environment, how it felt to lose those jobs, both then and twenty years on from the pit closure. Themes emerged that were common to all participants. Those explored in this paper relate to camaraderie and environment. Differences were found in the time participants took to accept the loss and the ways in which they found new purpose.

The aim of this paper is to determine how people value species for conservation and apply it to policymaking. This paper is the first attempt to value one of the UK´s rarest birds specifically; the redbilled chough (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax). Classical economic theory struggles to assign value to resources that are not a product of markets, such as endangered wildlife. The contingent valuation method will be used to gauge how P pyrrhocorax is valued in Cornwall via a questionnaire method, eliciting responses to how much individuals are willing to pay to preserve this rare species. The methodology requires diligent questionnaire design, implementation and regression analysis. It was found that the average willingness to pay was £23.60 to mitigate habitat damage to this endangered and iconic bird. Economic valuation has a large role to play in determining policy for species conservation. However, there are other more complex and non-orthodox forms of valuation occurring such as aesthetic, intrinsic bequest and relational values that cannot be accounted for by direct valuation.

This article returns Rule Britannia to its own political, geographical and biographical context at a time when Daphne Du Maurier’s last novel has achieved a kind of afterlife in post-2016 Brexit referendum discourse. Vanishing Cornwall (1967) and The House on the Strand (1969) drew on visions of the past in a decade when the growing tourist industry was exploiting historical representations of the peninsula, but Rule Britannia (1972) was a new departure, marking a reorientation of Du Maurier’s relationship to contemporary Cornwall. The decision to take Britain into the European Common Market and the rise of Celtic nationalism had a clear bearing on the book. So too did Daphne’s move from Menabilly to Kilmarth, her personal relationship to Cornish people, and her continuing need for Cornwall as she faced her retirement from writing fiction. Cet article replace Rule Britannia dans son contexte politique, géographique et biographique alors que le dernier roman de Daphne du Maurier trouve désormais de nouvelles résonnances dans les discours sur le Brexit à la suite du référendum de 2016. Alors que Vanishing Cornwall (1967) et The House on the Strand (1969) étaient tournés vers le passé au cours d’une décennie où l'industrie touristique en plein essor exploitait les représentations historiques de la péninsule, Rule Britannia (1972) représente un infléchissement nouveau dans la relation que du Maurier entretient avec la Cornouailles contemporaine. La décision de faire entrer la Grande-Bretagne dans le marché commun européen et la montée du nationalisme celte eurent une incidence majeure sur le roman. Il en fut de même, sur le plan autobiographique, de son déménagement de Menabilly à Kilmarth, ainsi que de sa relation personnelle avec les Cornouaillais ou avec son pays d’adoption, alors qu’elle était sur le point de cesser d’écrire des œuvres de fiction.

The study of English legal history has been greatly enhanced and brought up-to-date with the publication of a new edition of this seminal text. The publication in 1989 of William Cornish's Law and ...

At the twenty-fifth Anniversary celebration of the BIAPT, the association invited reflections on a number of areas. One that struck me as interesting, although deficient, was around the notion of h...

Dudley Shaw Ashton’s flamboyant 1953 portrait of the sculptor Barbara Hepworth, Figures in a Landscape, quite literally lifts Hepworth and her sculptures from the spaces of critical reception and creative process associated to the museum, gallery or studio, to audaciously place the artist and her work in the Cornish landscape amongst its beaches, megalithic standing stones and tin mines. This chapter explores how Shaw Ashton’s use of film technology to explore scale, distance and proximity between artist, sculpture and the contours of the landscape, proposed ways of depicting the artist and the creative process on film which were at odds with contemporary art documentaries of the immediate post war period. Reinforced further through the accompanying narration scripted by the archeologist Jacquetta Hawkes, Shaw Ashton seeks instead to inscribe Hepworth’s creative process within a pre-modern landscape and to present the artist and her sculptures as the embodiment of a materially located mythic and historic continuity. Made shortly after the 1951 Festival of Britain, and funded by the British Film Institute’s Experimental Film Fund, was Shaw Ashton’s disavowal of Hepworth’s modernist credentials reflective of a transitional and short lived moment in Britain’s post war culture? When an historical turn might be seen to presage new ways forward in cultural representation?

Railways have contributed to the complex mosaic of Cornish identity in three ways. First, as a holiday destination promoted from late Victorian times until the Second World War by companies such as the Great Western Railway, London and South Western Railway and Southern. Initially marketing its mild climate and health benefits as an alternative to holidaying abroad evolved, from the 1920s, into an enduring tourist gaze of romantic landscapes, myth and legend. Second, structural changes in the Cornish economy in association with a decline in metal mining precipitated large-scale emigration which continued until the start of the First World War. Railways represented the initial phase of the emigrant journey and the volume of migration was such that their role has become part of a cultural text signifying both loss and opportunity. Lastly, their physical presence and contribution to the landscape adds a further layer of social and cultural significance to Cornish identity.

This visual essay appraises the film charts (shooting diagrams) used in the production of The Cornish Knitting Pattern Series in 2016. The film charts are a surprising key element arising from this period of film practice, being as they were a pragmatic part of the preproduction planning. However, through analysis of my films after production the charts have become a major source of visual thinking, notation, documentation and a significant aid to reflection on the work carried out. The Cornish Knitting Pattern Series is a collection of 16mm animation landscape films that use a single frame production technique to translate Guernsey knitting patterns into film, and in doing so set up a structural relationship between that of a knitted stitch and a frame of film ‐ drawing out analogies between both forms of production. In this visual essay the charts' roles will be considered in the translation of the Guernsey knitting patterns in terms of preproduction visualization of the knitting patterns; notation documentation during the pro-filmic event; and retrospectively as a record of processes and production. To do it will illuminate the film practice relationship to mistakes, and the location as the editing system process that is a key aspect of the film series processes ‐ wherein gesture, landscape and film are 'knitted together' in the film as a material object.

In the search for effective means of representing and conveying the urgency of the environmental crisis facing humanity in the coming decade, not all images hit the mark with the same forcefulness. Al Gore's phrase "An Inconvenient Truth", for instance, strikes one's imagination far less than the "house on fire" metaphor popularized by French President Jacques Chirac and Swedish activist Greta Thunberg. Another powerful image is to be found in Daphne Du Maurier's allegorical novella "The Birds" (1952), which focuses on a small Cornish community's fight for survival when organised hosts of winged creatures take to killing humans in the wake of a sudden climate change. Not only is that story visionary in its suggestion that self-sufficiency and degrowth are more viable or sustainable than current economic systems, but it offers us today a striking metaphor for the catastrophic backlash that humanity needs to avoid. Du Maurier thus creates a frightful tale of animal retribution in which preys are suddenly turned into predators, and human beings need to face the implacable anger they have aroused if they wish to prevent a sort of Silent Spring (Rachel Carson) in reverse., Quand on cherche un moyen efficace de représenter et de communiquer l'urgence de la crise environnementale à laquelle l'humanité va être confrontée dans la décennie qui s'annonce, il apparaît que toutes les images ne se valent pas en termes de puissance évocatrice. Ainsi, la « vérité qui dérange » d'Al Gore saisit beaucoup moins l'imaginaire que la métaphore de la « maison qui brûle », popularisée par Jacques Chirac et la militante suédoise Greta Thunberg. Une autre image puissante se trouve dans la nouvelle allégorique de Daphne du Maurier, « Les oiseaux » (1952), qui met en scène le combat pour la survie d'une petite communauté cornouaillaise attaquée par des armées de volatiles meurtriers à la suite d'un brusque changement climatique. Non seulement cette nouvelle est visionnaire dans sa démonstration que l'autosuffisance et la décroissance sont plus viables que les systèmes économiques actuels, mais elle nous offre aujourd'hui une métaphore saisissante des catastrophes naturelles auxquelles l'humanité va être confrontée. Du Maurier crée ainsi un récit effrayant de vengeance animale, où les proies se muent en prédateurs et où l'humanité doit faire face à la colère implacable qu'elle a suscitée si elle veut empêcher une sorte de Printemps silencieux (Rachel Carson) à rebours.

Πως γίνεται μια μειονοτική γλώσσα που ακολουθεί φθίνουσα πορεία να παρουσιάσει αύξηση στους ομιλητές της; Μέσα από το παράδειγμα της διαλέκτου Cornish, μιας κέλτικης διαλέκτου της Κορνουάλης, που εξαφανίστηκε στα τέλη του 18ου αιώνα και κατάφερε να αναβιώσει και να παρουσιάζει διαρκή πρόοδο στον αριθμό των ομιλητών της, μπορούν να αντληθούν ιδέες υποστήριξης διαλέκτων ανάλογων δημογραφικών χαρακτηριστικών. Αναφέρεται περιληπτικά το εικοσαετές πρόγραμμα της στρατηγικής για την διάσωση της διαλέκτου Cornish καθώς και τεχνικές ενίσχυσης της προβολής και της χρήσης μιας μειονοτικής γλώσσας. Η παρούσα δημοσίευση αποτελεί μέρος μεταδιδακτορικής έρευνας που έχει ως κύριο στόχο τη δημιουργία ενός οδηγού αξιοποίησης της ευρωπαϊκής γλωσσικής πολιτικής για τη διάσωση της ελληνόφωνης πολιτιστικής κληρονομιάς της Απουλίας στη νότια Ιταλία (Griko dialect). Μέσω της εφαρμογής συγκριτικής μελέτης επιτυχημένων δράσεων που ακολούθησαν άλλες ευρωπαϊκές διάλεκτοι θα πραγματοποιηθούν εφαρμόσιμες προτάσεις για τον σχεδιασμό μια μακροπρόθεσμης στρατηγικής υποστήριξης της griko. Η μεταδιδακτορική έρευνα φιλοδοξεί να αποτελέσει μια ακόμη προσπάθεια υποστήριξης των ελληνόφωνων διαλέκτων της νότιας Ιταλίας., iNTERCULTURAL tRANSLATION iNTERSEMIOTIC, Vol 10, No 1 (2021)

John Couch Adams was one of the leading mathematical astronomers in the country and at a very young age (27 in 1846) and a junior Fellow in his college, was a pivotal figure in the hotly disputed discovery of Neptune. Born within one of the more remote areas of England, Cornwall, the region of his birth and his Cornish upbringing were fundamental in understanding the circumstances which would frame his life. His parents were tenant farmers living through a period of decline in rural England and the family income had to stretch to accommodate a burgeoning large family. During his early years Adams attended a local village school, where it was quickly evident that he had mathematical talent. Bookish in nature, he outstripped his tutors’ abilities and was sent to a family run school in Plymouth to further his education during his teenage years. It was clear to the family and close acquaintances that Adams should attend Cambridge University, the leading centre for mathematical studies in Britain and that in itself held challenges due to the expense involved. The large and impecunious family drew together and unstintingly utilised every possible source of income they could to invest in his future by making Cambridge possible for him.

The Kernewek (Cornish) language revival movement's goal of creating a community of fluent users remains out of reach despite a century of revival and despite success in establishing a language ideology valuing it as an ethnic symbol. The language is widespread in signage and other written uses and was accepted for official use by the UK in 2003. This chapter explores this situation as an example of an employment ethnolinguistic infusion (Benor in The Routledge Companion to the Work of John R. Rickford, Routledge, 2020) in the construction of metalinguistic community (Avineri in Journal of Jewish Languages 5:174–199, 2017). I draw evidence from business and government signage, formulaic expressions, and adoption of Kernewek words into English. I expand the theoretical discussions by examining the trifurcated nature of ethnolinguistic infusion, with varying uses oriented towards enthusiasts, a wider in-group of Cornish and towards English decisionmakers.

Aswan is an ancient city in Egypt; it has many potential issues to be a sustainable and advanced city in its region. On the other hand, it has many environmental problems according to the sustainability criteria such as air and water pollution, noisy, and unsatisfied transportation systems. So, this research aims to solve these problems and tries to keep the environment clean and increase the public satisfaction by promoting new and advanced transportation systems and enhancing the infrastructures in Aswan city without compromising the city heritage. The paper case study is renovating the main city Cornish and the ancient touristic market through studying the existing case and presenting a proposed renovation processes which included new public transportation systems according to public questionnaire results. The proposed renovation process is compared with Curitiba and Masdar city throughout their sustainable urban programs especially public transport and mobility systems. These systems will serve the Aswan people and tourists which reduces the people suffering and preserves the city heritage and touristic places.

Opportunity theories of crime are concerned with situational predictors of crime and include what Jacques and Wright refer to as the “theoretical siblings”: Cornish and Clarke’s rational choice perspective and Cohen and Felson’s routine activity approach. Routine activity approach posits that crimes take place when a motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian intersect in space and time. Once presented with a crime opportunity, rational choice perspective suggests that an offender weighs the costs associated with engaging in crime against the potential benefits. Such “rational” decision-making is bounded by one’s life circumstances and the available information. Super Mario Bros. is side-scrolling videogame and cultural phenomenon released on the Nintendo Entertainment System in 1985. The central protagonist of the game, Mario is tasked with making his way through the Mushroom Kingdom to rescue Princess Toadstool from her captor, Bowser, King of the Koopa. Along the way, Mario collects coins and various power-ups, and must avoid pitfalls and eliminate enemies. Mario is motivated to collect such targets by his need to survive and complete his mission. Many targets are difficult to reach due to environmental hazards and game enemies serving as guardians over the desired rewards. This chapter provides an explanation of opportunity theory and several theoretical offshoots. Perspectives are applied to Super Mario Bros., and policy implications and empirical evidence of opportunity theories of crime are presented.

The reproductive performance of broiler breeder chickens noticeably decreases toward the end of their commercial lives. Herein, we determined the effects of vitamin E and selenium dietary supplementation on semen traits, egg fertility (defined as fertilization and hatching rates) of adult (49-week-old) and older (63-week-old) Red Cornish breeders. We found that both vitamin E and selenium were concentrated in the liver and adipose tissue of adult and older Red Cornish breeders, and were transferred to the semen and egg yolk, respectively, in proportion to the level of supplementation. Vitamin E supplementation, in particular, improved ejaculate volume, total sperm count, sperm motility, and viability in both adult and older roosters, whereas selenium improved sperm motility and viability in the adult roosters. Egg fertility increased following supplementation with either vitamin E or selenium. The hatching rate also improved by both supplements in proportion to the level of supplementation. No significant synergistic effects of vitamin E and selenium were found. The levels of egg fertility and sperm trait improvements diminished with the age of the birds and depended on vitamin E and/or selenium doses. Thus, as dietary vitamin E and selenium supplements improved semen quality and egg fertility in these older Red Cornish broiler breeders, such birds could be maintained in flocks to prolong their reproductive output.

UIDB/03213/2020 UIDP/03213/2020 This study proposes to broaden the theoretical discussion about referencing by analyzing opinion articles dealing with themes associated with violence, published in the media in Portugal and Brazil. In the theoretical perspective, topics related to the co-referentiality and inferentiality necessary for the identification of speech objects will be discussed, following the theoretical support of Text Linguistics and other researches with textual-discursive bias, such as Fonseca (1992), Fuchs (1992), Apotheloz and Reichler-Béguelin (1995), Koch and Marcuschi (1998), Mondada and Dubois (2003), Cornish (2011) Maalej (2011), Pecorari (2015), Cabral and Santos (2016), among others. We also invoke some assumptions about argumentation, basing the reflectionon the studies of Ducrot (1988), Charaudeau (2008) and Amossy (2008), 2009). Our purpose is to describe the behavior of anaphora as axiological markers of the argumentative conduction of politically themed texts, polarizing the complex power network. Therefore, we intend to collaborate in the interface studies between referencing and textual genre, specifically in the case of textual genres to which readers have easy access via the web, demonstrating how anaphora and deixis can help to ideologically mark the text. publishersversion published

After over twenty years of debate over Cornish orthographies, recognition by the UK government according to the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in 2003 led to the creation of what was initially intended as a “single written form” for use in official contexts. However, the inevitable impossibility of finding a compromise that pleased opposing groups of speakers with differing ideologies meant that the eventual Standard Written Form (SWF) was pluricentric, comprising two “main forms”. While these were initially stated to be of equal status, this has been hard to maintain since the SWF’s implementation: with more speakers using Middle Cornish forms, the Late Cornish forms are less visible and commonly believed to be subsidiary. Drawing on such perceptions, along with learning materials and other resources, this paper examines the status of the SWF today and offers some reflections on this unsuccessful attempt at pluricentricity in a minoritised language.

An assessment of the visual output of the eugenicist geographer and landscape heritage activist Vaughan Cornish (1862-1948) constitutes a void in scholarly studies by geographers and histor...

Reflection is considered a dominant concept and fundamental competence in teacher education programs (Allas, Leijen, & Toom, 2017; Beauchamp, 2015; Beauchamp & Thomas, 2010; Cornish & Jenkins, 2012...

Donna Haraway has recently stressed the importance of “making kin.” She says: “Who and whatever we are, we need to make-with, become-with, compose-with—the earth-bound.”1 I sense that “making kin” is an integral animating force in what Jeffrey Cohen refers to as engendering a “lithic ecomateriality” where “mutuality” and narratives of “companionship and concurrency” are always possible and, I would argue, increasingly necessary and deeply desirable. With slowness, dithering, and intensity, this essay offers a poetic cartography of making with extra/ordinary objects on a Cornish beach.

Interventions are increasingly being designed to disrupt ongoing criminal activity rather than identify crimes that have already been committed (Innes & Sheptycki, 2004). The emerging emphasis on disrupting organised criminal groups can be contrasted with older enforcement led approaches, which were resource intensive and limited in their success (Kirby & Nailer, 2013). Rational choice theory (Cornish & Clarke, 1986) assumes that individuals adopt a rational perspective when engaging in illicit activity and can therefore be diverted away if the cost of doing so outweighs the benefits. This holds some premise for the disruption of organised criminal groups, providing that the complexities of this phenomena are better understood. Organised criminal networks are heterogenous and operate at varying levels (Kirby & Nailer, 2013), engage with other known associates and diversify into different types of crime (Galeotti, 2005); making assessment of their strategies problematic. There is a common understanding, nevertheless, that criminal groups are ultimately driven by profit with violence, intimidation and coercion administered to further their criminal purpose and obstruct the policing response to them (Dean, Fahsing & Gottschalk, 2010; Stelfox, 1996). Yet, it is this behaviour that makes members of organised criminal groups visible and susceptible to intervention, thereby making disruption viable. The chapter will expand on this approach, defining organised crime before identifying a number of multi-agency strategies adopted to tackle behaviours, such as violence, often thought to be a vessel for maximising criminal entrepreneurship. There will be a focus on organised crime manifesting in the United Kingdom (UK), solely making reference to other countries for comparison purposes.

This article considers the case of Cornish, a Celtic language that was in decline in the south-west of Great Britain from the early medieval era until the end of the eighteenth century, when its last recorded native speakers died out. At the point when a language under pressure eventually succumbs to forces of language shift, its role in representations of a distinct sociocultural identity might be expected to die with the medium itself. Yet a sense of cohesion at the group level has been observed to endure long after a shift to another language has occurred, with the obsolescent variety retaining a role in the maintenance of group boundaries. In situations of language shift, the meanings of such social constructions can change considerably, and the obsolescent variety may retain ideological associations with the group as an iconized symbol of identity. The analysis presented in this paper is based on an examination of the historical record as well as a synthesis of recent sociological research on Cornish. Attention will be drawn specifically to the manner in which the language has functioned as an icon of identity since the nadir of its decline as a spoken vernacular, through the ‘Cornish Revival’ of the twentieth century to the present day.

This work has received funding from the FWO (Research Foundation—Flanders) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement (665501). Accurately dating the creation and development of earthwork features is a long-standing problem for archaeologists. This article presents results from Bosigran (Cornwall, UK), where boundary banks believed to be prehistoric in origin are assessed using optically stimulated luminescence profiling and dating (OSL-PD). The results provide secure construction dates for different boundaries in the Bronze and Iron Ages, as well as chronologies for their early medieval and later development. The research demonstrates not only the prehistoric origins of these distinctive Cornish field systems, but also a practical and cost-effective methodology suitable for dating earthworks around the world. Publisher PDF

Historians have rarely considered the political views of electorates in small constituencies with strong proprietorial interests, or ‘pocket’ boroughs. However, through a detailed case study of the Cornish borough of Mitchell, this article reveals a rural settlement with a multifaceted and divided community, which experienced a high degree of partisan conflict during the later Stuart period as its inhabitants engaged in an ongoing struggle over the nature of the franchise. A group of often‐disenfranchised inhabitants launched a sustained and independent assault on the lord of the borough's limited franchise, in favour of an inhabitant‐based vote; they were opposed by a group which oscillated between loyalty to the borough's patron and attempts to secure its own influence. Party allegiances and political ideologies can occasionally be identified on both sides, but the franchise dispute did not always align with these divisions. The article argues that while partisan conflict occurred in ‘pocket’ boroughs, it took extraordinary circumstances for this to boil over and facilitate change – in Mitchell's case, these circumstances were the frequent elections to the Exclusion Parliaments, and the patron's self‐imposed exile in France. Yet even once a popular inhabitant‐based vote was established, the widened electorate still found it difficult to determine the outcome of elections, as the borough's patron and local gentry families soon reasserted their authority. Therefore, while the electorates of boroughs such as Mitchell were not supine or monolithic, their ability to actively participate in the electoral process was ultimately fragile.

This article investigates the capacity of radio to develop heritage narratives around migrant musical cultures in their new homelands. It focuses on two series of national radio broadcasts of Cornish Christmas carols made in the 1940s by a carol choir based in Grass Valley, California. Combining a close reading of the surviving scripts and recordings of these broadcasts with archival research, it examines how the choir (historically comprised of Cornish migrants), and their carols were portrayed to American listeners. Utilising Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett's theorisation of heritage as a ‘value added’ process, it shows that the radio scripts developed particular values around the musical material and performers that became very important for local perspectives of the tradition, and eventually permeated scholarly perceptions of the choir and its repertoire. The article thus addresses how a specific migrant music culture was recoded for an American radio audience, and explores how radio disseminati...

Cornish Path-moss is one of the world’s rarest bryophytes, presently known from just three sites, former copper mines in the UK and Ireland. Covering the two UK sites, for the first time this study...

Professor Wade Madsen has been teaching at Cornish College of the Arts since 1985. This article serves as a window into his educational approach to teaching advanced choreography.