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2 results on '"COMPARATOR COUNTRIES"'

1. Myanmar : Ending Poverty and Boosting Shared Prosperity in a Time of Transition

Author

World Bank

Subjects
MARKET ACCESS, WIDESPREAD POVERTY, GROWTH RATES, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EXTREME POVERTY, DURABLE GOODS, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, EXCHANGE RATES, FINANCIAL ASSETS, TRUST FUND, HIGH POVERTY, FARM LABOR, SUBSISTENCE, FINANCIAL SECTOR, NATIONAL ACCOUNTS, POOR, CIVIL SOCIETY, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, INCOME, MEDIUM TERM, POVERTY RATES, RETURNS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, CHANGES IN POVERTY, GINI COEFFICIENT, HEALTH EXPENDITURE, GOVERNMENT CAPACITY, RAPID GROWTH, FARMERS, SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, TRANSPARENCY, REAL EXCHANGE RATE, REDUCING POVERTY, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, CONSUMPTION BASKET, DEVELOPMENT REPORT, BALANCE OF PAYMENTS, COMPARATOR COUNTRIES, HOLDING, LAND OWNERSHIP, CREDITORS, ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, INTERNATIONAL MARKETS, SANITATION, POVERTY PROFILE, COMMERCIAL BANK BRANCHES, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, RURAL AREAS, ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY, EXTERNAL DEBT, SELF-EMPLOYMENT, BALANCE SHEET, DIMENSIONS OF POVERTY, REFORM PROGRAM, POVERTY REDUCTION, PUBLIC SECTOR, STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION, MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT, DURABLE, HUMAN RIGHTS, MATERNAL MORTALITY, GOVERNMENT POLICIES, OPIUM POPPY, RURAL LIVELIHOODS, INEQUALITY, ETHNIC MINORITY GROUPS, SAFEGUARDS, SIGNIFICANT IMPACT, TARGETING, DATA ISSUES, INVESTMENT CLIMATE, MACROECONOMIC POLICIES, STATE ENTERPRISES, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, IMPACT ON POVERTY, MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT, MACROECONOMIC STABILITY, OPIUM, ACCOUNTING, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, COMMERCIAL BANK, GOVERNMENT REVENUES, INCOME POVERTY, ACCESS TO INFORMATION, FOOD SECURITY, INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, ETHNIC MINORITY, POVERTY DIAGNOSTIC, DECENTRALIZATION, POVERTY ESTIMATES, ACCESS TO SERVICES, OPIUM CULTIVATION, EXCHANGE RATE, HUMAN CAPITAL, PRIVATE INVESTORS, DISADVANTAGED GROUPS, YIELD DATA, CROP LOSS, DIVERSIFICATION, POPULATION SHARE, NEGATIVE IMPACT, INCIDENCE OF POVERTY, INTERNATIONAL MARKET, ABSOLUTE POVERTY, MOBILE PHONE, SKILLED LABOR, EXPENDITURES, GROWTH RATE, COMMERCIAL BANKS, MICRO-ENTERPRISES, POOR GOVERNANCE, POVERTY RISK, MICROFINANCE, ECOLOGICAL ZONES, AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT, DEVELOPMENT BANK, CONFLICT, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS, NON-INCOME DIMENSIONS, TRADING, RURAL, POVERTY LINE, LABOR FORCE, VULNERABILITY TO POVERTY, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, URBAN AREAS, FOREIGN CURRENCY, GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS, POVERTY RATE
Abstract

Myanmar is going through a critical transformation in its development path - from isolation and fragmentation to openness and integration; and from pervasive state control, exclusion, and individual disengagement, to inclusion, participation, and empowerment. This dual shift is happening against a backdrop of broader political reforms that started in 2011 when a new administration took office. The country’s transition after the planned elections in 2015 will be a major test of the progress on political reforms. There remain risks of political instability, policy discontinuity, and stalled reforms due to vested interests.

Published
2014

2. Chilean Growth through East Asian Eyes

Author

Kharas, Homi, Leipziger, Danny, Maloney, William, Thillainathan, R., and Hesse, Heiko

Subjects
RESEARCH WORKERS, ACTION PLANS, GROWTH RATES, COUNTRY RISK, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, MATHEMATICS, EXTERNALITIES, EMPLOYMENT, POLICY MAKERS, AGGREGATE LEVEL, INCOME, EXPORT GROWTH, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, COMPETITIVENESS, PCS, PER CAPITA INCOME, EXTERNALITY, IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY, SOCIAL SERVICES, MEDIUM ENTERPRISES, LABOR COSTS, DEVELOPMENT PRACTITIONERS, OUTSOURCING, SKILLED WORKERS, TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE, AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY, POLITICAL PROCESS, FINANCIAL MARKETS, COLLECTIVE BARGAINING, COMPARATOR COUNTRIES, BUDGET ALLOCATIONS, DIGITAL DIVIDE, POLICY CHANGE, BUSINESS CYCLE, BUSINESS LEADERS, GLOBAL ECONOMY, VALUE CHAIN, INTANGIBLE ASSETS, PROPERTY RIGHTS, DEREGULATION, MANPOWER PLANNING, PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, REFORM PROGRAM, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, POVERTY REDUCTION, INCOME LEVELS, GLOBAL CONDITIONS, LABOR DEMAND, GOVERNMENT POLICIES, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, WORK FORCE, ANNUAL GROWTH, FINANCIAL SERVICES, BUSINESS CLIMATE, HIGH GROWTH, GROWTH POLICIES, RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION, SIGNIFICANT IMPACT, FEMALE EMPLOYMENT, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, POLICY INTERVENTIONS, GDP, FEMALE LABOR FORCE, GROWTH SUCCESSES, DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, BEST-PRACTICE, POLITICAL ECONOMY, RESULT, DISPLACEMENT, EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION, AVERAGE GROWTH, EXPORTS, CAPITAL MARKETS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, EBUSINESS, BENCHMARKS, RISK PREMIUM, NETWORKS, FISCAL POLICY, BUSINESS PLAN, DIVERSIFICATION, BUSINESS INDICATORS, PUBLIC PROGRAMS, PER CAPITA GROWTH, SKILLED LABOR, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, FEMALE LABOR, MARKET SHARE, TARGETS, MARKET FAILURES, GOVERNMENT SUBSIDY, GLOBALIZATION, BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES, TRAINING REQUIREMENTS, ECONOMICS, TECHNICAL PROGRESS, RESULTS, GROWTH PATH, CAPITAL FORMATION, BUSINESSES, MANPOWER, PUBLIC INVESTMENT, CAPITAL EXPENDITURE, NEW TECHNOLOGIES, COMPUTER TRAINING, MARKET ECONOMY, BENCHMARKING, FACTOR ACCUMULATION, TRANSACTION, KNOWLEDGE WORKERS, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE, CAPITAL FLOWS, VALUATION, ECONOMIC GROWTH, TRADE UNIONS, PACE OF INNOVATION, AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY LEVELS, COMMODITY, TRANSACTION COSTS, DRIVERS, INNOVATION POLICIES, BEST PRACTICE, INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS, NEXT GENERATION, PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS, PRODUCTIVITY, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, FINANCIAL CRISIS, INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES, LICENSES, R&D, COUNTRY REGRESSIONS, RELIABILITY, PROCUREMENT, E-MAIL, RAPID GROWTH, LEVELS OF OUTPUT, LIVING STANDARDS, TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY, CAPITAL INVESTMENT, SOCIAL ISSUES, COUNTRY SPECIFIC, HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT, BUSINESS CYCLES, WAGES, GROSS OUTPUT, GROWTH PERFORMANCE, GROWTH STRATEGY, ORGANIZED LABOR, INSTITUTION, LABOR MARKET, EMPIRICAL WORK, FLEXIBLE LABOR MARKETS, GDP PER CAPITA, PUBLIC SECTOR, MACRO STABILITY, WORKER PRODUCTIVITY, ECONOMIC BENEFITS, EXPECTED VALUE, GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, CENTRAL BANK, TELEPHONE, INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, RENTS, INNOVATION, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, FREE TRADE, INVESTMENT CLIMATE, MACROECONOMIC POLICIES, DEVELOPMENT AGENCY, TFP, MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION, ACTION PLAN, BUSINESS SECTOR, PRIVATE SECTORS, RAW DATA, FOREIGN EXCHANGE, DEVELOPMENT GOALS, MANUFACTURING, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY, GROWTH POTENTIAL, COUNTRY CASE, BROADBAND, GROWTH STRATEGIES, KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY, ECONOMETRIC MODELING, REAL INTEREST RATES, USES, PHYSICAL DISTANCE, BEST PRACTICES, HUMAN CAPITAL, MARGINAL PRODUCTS, RATE OF RETURN, RETAIL TRADE, PRIVATE SECTOR, TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS, BARGAINING, LOTTERY, ECONOMIC POLICY, PUBLIC POLICY, SECURE PROPERTY RIGHTS, INNOVATIONS, GROWTH RATE, GROWTH REGRESSION, PUBLIC POLICIES, PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT, FISCAL POLICIES, STATE OF KNOWLEDGE, DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS, JOB CREATION, LEGAL FRAMEWORK, CAPITAL ACCUMULATION, NATURAL RESOURCES, LABOR FORCE, PRODUCTION FUNCTION, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY, QUERIES, ICT, POLICY CHANGES, HUMAN RESOURCE
Abstract

Chile could well have space to increase its growth potential by 2 percentage points of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per year. To do this, it would need to pay more attention to new sources of growth in natural resources, manufacturing, and services. In an increasingly globalized world, first-mover advantages have become more numerous and larger. Chile risks losing out, as a few recent high-profile cases suggest. Chile's total factor productivity growth can be raised by driving within-firm technological change closer to the global best-practice frontier more rapidly, especially in manufacturing. This would encourage the diversification of exports and boost Chile's supply response to global demand changes. Chile confronts obstacles in its processes of innovation, human capital accumulation, and investment. To overcome them, deep institutional changes are needed to develop a national innovation system, stronger and more equitable educational achievement, more flexible labor markets, and focused public investments that crowd in private business. Such an inclusive growth strategy is likely to yield better social outcomes than a strategy that attempts to confront social inequities head-on through more equitable access to public services without paying adequate attention to the demand for labor and generation of income. Chile could also try a new policy towards innovation, but it would need to be bolder in terms of the institutional design to maximize the chances of success.

Published
2008

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