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This paper examines the variety of agrarian classes of labour and the challenges they face in organizing and pursuing their interests. By taking the cotton sector in Burkina Faso as a case study, it analyses how various ‘classes of labour’ organize and mobilize for collective action to raise their claims: poor cotton farmers and workers in the cotton factories. Poor and middle farmers recently came to the fore when they boycotted cotton production in large numbers. The study focusses on the boycott campaign, and more broadly on class struggle and collective action by farmers and workers, on interclass alliances, and on capital's attempts to play the classes of labour against one another. The boycott campaign provides an outstanding case to analyse the interests of the various classes of labour and of opportunities for rural–urban mobilization and alliances across classes of labour. I argue that poor farmers and factory workers along the chain of cotton production can be considered as various classes of labour that are not necessarily antagonistic to one another but, first and foremost, to capital. In order to achieve radical transformation in the agrarian context, what is needed are networks and organizations to establish interclass solidarity and alliances.

This presentation focuses on the differences between social classes with regard to egalitarian values and attitudes, including attitudes toward the redistribution of wealth, causes of poverty and the importance of individual effort in achieving well-being. The presentation demonstrates how these value orientations and attitudes are structured by class positions and other socio-demographic and socio-economic factors .

Forum - Teorijska bilješka, Forum - Theoretical Note

This article analyzes the relationships between the material conditions and the subjective well-being of 3,716 children (50.5% girls) between 10 and 12 years of age (M = 11.4) in Chile and Brazil. These are the two Latin American countries that took part in the third wave of the Children’s Worlds research. The material conditions of the children were assessed using latent classes. A multivariate analysis of covariance was done next in order to test the influence of material conditions over the children's subjective well-being and interpersonal relationships. The association between gender and country variables of the children was also studied. The results showed that although the average subjective well-being scores of the children were high in general, the class analysis showed significant differences between the results for children with better material conditions than those with poorer material conditions. The latter group presented lower subjective well-being levels. MANCOVA was used to analyze the mean differences in subjective well-being levels and interpersonal relationships controlling variables of gender and country of residence. This showed that children with greater access to better material conditions showed significantly higher levels of subjective well-being levels and had a more positive view of their interpersonal relationships in all areas assessed compared to those who reported worse material conditions. These results are discussed in view of the high indices of material deprivation that exist in Latin America during childhood as well as how these findings may help better understand the well-being of children living in Latin American countries.

In this paper, I examine a Chinese family’s oral history, which revolves around their tumultuous life transformations under the impact of China’s communist movement between 1940 and 1977. Using interviews with four siblings who have distinctive personalities and life narratives, I focus on how they apply fatalistic thinking—a phenomenon popular among ordinary Chinese but is rarely analyzed by scholars—to make sense of the vicissitudes of the fates of the family members. I position the Chinese family’s oral history in macro and micro contexts. In the macro context, since the land reform in 1940s, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) had attempted to replace peasants’ fatalistic thinking with class analysis to explain the roots of hardships in their lives. As the communist movement and class struggle receded, fatalistic thinking—which has never been eradicated—revived. In the micro context, fatalistic thinking is expressed through distinctive memories and narratives, which are linked to personalities and identities. I argue that fatalistic thinking is a mean of self-construction that people consciously or unconsciously resort to when facing absurdity. By using fatalistic thinking, people develop narratives about the self and create a sense of mental balance.

Informal workers in Africa are very often portrayed as primarily self-employed entrepreneurs and unemployed individuals largely excluded from capitalism, and thus insulated from class analysis and ...

Background: Substance use motives refer to an individual's reasons for engaging in substance use. Although the respective alcohol and cannabis literatures have linked specific substance-use motives to indices of use, less is known about motives in concurrent users, particularly examination of cross-motives (e.g., cannabis motives predicting alcohol use). Methods: The present work examined motives for use in a sample of concurrent users to assess relations between motives and alcohol and cannabis outcomes (quantity, frequency, and use disorder symptoms) using both variable- and person-centered approaches. Finally, the present work aimed to discern the impact of timeframe selection for defining concurrent use (i.e., past year, past two weeks). Participants (N = 524) consisted of individuals that endorsed having used both alcohol and cannabis in the past year with subsample (N = 192) of individuals endorsing past two-week concurrent use. Results: Univariate linear regression analyses revealed small to medium positive relations between all alcohol motives and alcohol outcomes and small to medium positive relations between cannabis social, coping, enhancement, and expansion motives and cannabis use. Regressions examining cross-motives and multivariate models revealed wide variability in relations. Mixture analyses revealed a three-class solution (i.e., High Motives, Positive Alcohol, and Low Conformity) for past year concurrent users and a two-class solution (i.e., Low Motives and High Motives) for past two-week concurrent users. Discussion: Examination of motive classes revealed differences in substance, particularly cannabis, outcomes as a function of class membership. Findings are useful in classifying concurrent users' motives and highlight the importance of timeframe selection.

PurposeThis research article addresses the role of processes of normative regulation, driven by distinct approaches to collective action and underlying narratives of social change, in the construction of “solidarity economy” initiatives as parallel spatialities to that of the mainstream economy.Design/methodology/approachThis article is based on a comparative case study analysis, informed by aspects of the Grounded Theory and Extended Case Study methods, of an ecovillage, an alternative commercialization network and an “integral cooperative”. The analysis is illustrated with fieldwork data on food production, commercialization and consumption, given its centrality in the construction of human livelihoods and lifeworld.FindingsThe resulting conceptual framework identifies three methodologies of normative regulation: Prefigurative social technologies and capitalizing upon power and reputation to exert influence over other economic actors; being part of a wider class-based emancipatory political project; mobilizing online peer-to-peer platforms and community currencies to construct an alternative institutionality.Research limitations/implicationsThis article constitutes an exploratory analysis. Further research, based on the application of mixed methodologies to larger samples, will further expand the setup and applicability of these concepts.Practical implicationsThis analysis will allow scholars and practitioners alike to gain a deeper understanding of how different approaches to collective action, based on distinct structural standpoints and narratives of change, constitute alternative economic spatialities to those of the mainstream economy.Social implicationsThe comparative approach used in this article, as well as the resulting concepts, have the potential of contributing to the convergence of “solidarity economy” strategies between initiatives and movements with different approaches to collective action, therefore contributing to improve their capacity to exercise influence upon incumbent institutional regimes, as well as promote socio-economic change.Originality/valueThis article aims to bridge a significant gap in the understanding of how “solidarity economy”-based parallel spatialities emerge and coexist with the mainstream economy: It analyses how processes of normative regulation result from narratives of change with distinct approaches to collective action, based on the standpoint of actors located differently within structural power relations.

Drawing on a case study of algorithmically controlled manual labour in German manufacturing and delivery logistics, this article develops the concept of cybernetic proletarianization. It does so by joining an empirical analysis of labour processes with theoretical class analysis. Thus, it reconstructs Marx’s understanding of technical proletarianization as a dialectic between expulsion and reintegration of living labour in production processes. In the cases researched here, a qualitative and quantitative expulsion of living labour could be observed in different forms: First, deskilled flexibilization via digital instructions on working steps; second, a cybernetic mode of work intensification that is based on a permanent digital evaluation of the labour process; third, data-based automation, which builds on the data collected from the labour processes. This expulsion is counterweighted by a process of reintegration of devaluated living labour due to new highly labour-intensive forms of production and distribution, which are enabled by algorithmic work control. However, these processes are highly conflictual, resulting in different ‘technopolitics from below’, in which workers influence or even disrupt the processes of cybernetic proletarianization.

The current study examined patterns of Black adolescent boys' socioemotional competence (SEC) in the midst of racial (in)congruence of their neighborhood and school contexts and the associations of these patterns with self- and teacher-reported social adjustment. Data collected from 417 Black adolescent boys in 7th-11th grade were analyzed using a multilevel class analysis to derive student-level classes of SEC and neighborhood racial composition and school-level classes of school racial composition. Class associations with social adjustment were examined via analysis of variance and analysis of covariance among a subsample of 258 Black males. Four patterns of SEC-neighborhood racial composition and two patterns of school racial composition were identified; the former were associated with self- and teacher-reported social adjustment. Interactive patterns of SEC-neighborhood racial composition classes and school racial composition classes were associated with teachers' reports of negative social adjustment. Study findings suggest that considering SEC within racialized contexts is important for understanding Black adolescent boys' adjustment.

Morgan, Stephen L. 2017. “A Coding of Social Class for the General Social Survey.” GSS Methodological Report No. 125, National Opinion Research Center, Chicago, Illinois.

The article engages in a discussion with Martin Müller’s article In Search of a Global East through the categories of class and class distinction. While recognizing the potential political value of the “Global East” project, the author questions the ideological mechanisms which naturalize the stereotype of “Eastness as forsakenness.” As she points out, one of the effects of the “political and epistemological pro-ject” of the North–South divide (as well as stereotypical categorizations of the East) is obscuring the internal class dynamics of Northern, Southern and Eastern societies. In contrast, introducing class analysis – which includes exami-ning such practices as producing and buying counterfeits of original, luxury-brand commodities – allows us to uncover similar patterns of class distinction and reproduction across global capitalist societies of the North, South and East, and perhaps also to forge solidarities amongst classes which are regularly oppressed by the dominant global capitalist order.

Religious attendance is sometimes associated with better health outcomes, although the link between religion and cognitive ageing is inconclusive. We aimed to assess differences in cognitive performance trajectories by religious affiliation and religious attendance. We further sought to test possible mechanisms for an association.Data from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), a nationally representative study of the over 50 s population in Ireland, was used. We identified latent class trajectories of Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) performance over five waves using Latent Growth Class Analysis (LGCA) on data from 7325 individuals. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the likelihood of membership to each trajectory class by religious affiliation or non-affiliation, and by religious attendance and importance. Finally, we tested possible behavioural, psychological and social mechanisms. LGCA identified three trajectory classes, a ‘high start’ class, a ‘medium start’ class and a ‘low start’ class. There were no differences in class membership by religious affiliation or non-affiliation. Women who attended religious services were less likely to be in the low declining MMSE class. This effect was mediated by depressive symptoms, social network and smoking. Women who said religion was very important were more likely to be in the medium performing class, and this was not mediated. The cognitive trajectories of the over 50 s in Ireland vary. Variation was not influenced by religious affiliation. Religious attendance and importance had mixed effects on women’s cognition trajectories. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10433-020-00597-0.

A theory of the state presupposes the conceptual demarcation between “internal” and “external” actors to the state. In Resnick and Wolff’s theory of the state, the contestation between “external” a...

This article provides a theoretical discussion on the possibilities of conjunction of gender analysis and class analysis for the sociological study of mobility and social reproduction. Reviewing a tradition that has resulted in the separation of those fields and the lack of consideration of gender as a relevant factor in classical studies of social mobility, it presents the possibilities for a conceptual net capable of supporting empirical studies that articulate gender and social origin as explanatory sources of social inequality. That, moreover, has been fuelled by the proliferation in recent decades in Europe and Latin America of researches on mobility that, when including both men and women, convey that conclusions about social reproduction become more complex.

Zusammenfassung In dem Beitrag wird die kultursoziologische Klassenkonzeption von Andreas Reckwitz diskutiert. Es werden drei Kritikpunkte vorgebracht. Der erste bezieht sich auf die Gruppe prekarer Akademiker. Ihre Stellung in Reckwitz' Klassenschema bleibt unklar. Zweitens wird argumentiert, dass eine moderne Klassentheorie neben kulturellen Faktoren nach wie vor die gesellschaftliche Struktur von Positionen und Lebenschancen berucksichtigen muss. Drittens wird fur eine starker handlungstheoretische Fundierung der Klassenanalyse pladiert, die politische Konflikte an Formen der politischen Reprasentation im politischen Feld und politische Mobilisierungen koppelt. Schlieslich wird diskutiert, dass man zur Erklarung der gegenwartigen politischen Spannungen diese nicht nur als kulturelle Konflikte, sondern auch als Konflikte um Autoritat begreifen muss. Abstract The article discusses Andreas Reckwitz's cultural conception of class. Three points of criticism are raised. The first relates to the group of precarious academics. Their position in Reckwitz's class scheme remains unclear. Secondly, it is argued that a modern theory of class must still take into account the social structure of positions and life chances in addition to cultural factors. Thirdly, it argues for a stronger action-theoretical foundation of class analysis, linking political conflicts to forms of political representation in the political field and political mobilizations. Finally, it is discussed that in order to explain the current political tensions, they must be understood not only as cultural conflicts, but also as conflicts over authority.

Under klassanalysens storhetstid 1970–1985 var alla klassbegrepp förankrade i Marx’ värdeteori. Det gjordes dock efter hand olika tolkningar av värdeteorin och därmed uppstod två huvudspår i utvecklingen av klassbegreppet. De som företrädde den tolkning som kallades arbetsvärdeteorin övergav efterhand värdeteorin och utvecklade ett klassbegrepp med fokus på det människor har, inte på vad de gör. Det har kommit att bli den dominerande definitionen av klassbegreppet. I sin artikel vill Mikael Stigendal istället visa på bruksvärdet av det andra huvudspårets klassbegrepp, det som håller fast vid Marx’ värdeteori men utifrån en annan tolkning. Bara ett sådant klassbegrepp kan tillgodose det stora behov som finns av en klassanalys som inte bara kategoriserar människor utan därigenom också säger något om samhällets ekonomiska drivkrafter, vad människor kan förväntas göra och vad detta kan förväntas göra med dem, och då utifrån en fokusering på vad människor gör, särskilt i förhållande till produktionen och tillägnandet av mervärdet. During the heydays of class analysis in 1970-85, all class concepts were rooted in Marx's value theory. Gradually, however, different interpretations of the value theory were made and on that basis, two main tracks emerged in the development of the class concept. Those who represented the interpretation called the labour theory of value gradually abandoned value theory and developed a class concept focusing on what people have, not on what they do. That has become the dominant definition of class. In contrast, this article wants to highlight the use-value of a class concept drawing on the second main track, that which adheres to Marx's value theory but from a different interpretation. Only such a class concept can meet the great need for a class analysis that not only categorizes people but thereby also says something about society's economic driving forces, what people can be expected to do and what this can be expected to do to them, based on a focus on what they do, particularly in relation to the production and appropriation of surplus value.

This article offers an initial analyses the mass protests that began in Belarus following the presidential elections of August 2020. Written ‘in the heat of events’ it has the character of preliminary observations. The authors begin with the background and context of events and the outcomes of the economic and social development of the Republic of Belarus during the 25 years of rule by Lukashenko. A preliminary analysis of the social and class make-up both of the protesters and of those who at the time of writing remained a ‘silent majority’ is situated in the context of the contradictions within the Belarusian ‘power elite’. We attempt to distinguish the main factors behind the developments in Belarus and point to initial lessons of these events for social and humanitarian-oriented networks and organisations.

This article presents an exercise in ‘cognitive class analysis’ by tackling the question of when young children first develop the ability to perceive and judge stereotypical representation of class identity. With the aid of a specifically designed visual methodology, 82 children aged 5 to 12, were asked to combine a series of figures into a set of ‘class families’, to assign different amounts of money to these families, to attribute an occupational status to the parents of each family and to indicate their most and least likeable family. Results show that children prove capable of perceiving and judging class stereotypes at a younger age than previous studies have suggested. A considerable number of 5- and 6-year-olds already demonstrate the ability to classify people on the basis of differences in dress and appearance and effectively recognize these classifications as based on differences in class position. In addition, visible markers of class-status also appear to play a role in shaping children’s preferences for different types of families and playmates.

Chinese cyberspace is vibrant with new expressions created and disseminated by Internet users. Generally light in tone, they have been viewed by numerous media scholars as constituting a playful an...

This essay responds to “Money as Art: The Form, the Material, and Capital” by the Marxist economist Costas Lapavitsas with reference to the triple manifestation of crisis in the United States during the spring months of 2020 By triangulating the role of money in the COVID-19 pandemic, the ensuing mass unemployment, and the historical nationwide revolt in response to the police murder of George Floyd predicated on a counterfeit twenty-dollar bill, Nicholas Huber makes a three-part claim First, that acceptance of the Marxist theory of fetishism forecloses the possibility of conceiving of capitalist money as art in the sense developed by Lapavitsas, insofar as the latter tends toward transhistorical concepts of both art and money Following from this, any aesthetic function of money in the capitalist mode of production is inseparable from its total social function;that is, capitalist money is at once an economic, political, cultural, and aesthetic mediation unlike any other Finally, Huber draws on Louis Marin's typology of the frame in correspondence with Erik Olin Wright's integrated class analytic framework to argue that the question of whether money is art or not leads us to a dead end Huber suggests that a crisis such as the one unfolding in 2020 raises instead the more challenging question of what social system must come into being, such that a theory of capitalist money as art becomes intelligible © 2020 Institute of Aesthetic Studies All rights reserved

Erik Olin Wright’s scholarship is often considered to be formed by two entirely disjoint projects represented by his early work on class analysis and his later writings on “real utopias.” This essay uses Michael Burawoy’s recent formulation of the “two Marxisms” thesis as a foil to argue for the continuities rather than discontinuities in the body of work produced by Wright. More particularly, the critical spirit of the real utopias project infused Wright’s work on class analysis from its inception. It is further argued that the limitations Wright encountered in realizing those critical aims directly seeded the search in his later work for institutional design principles and an explicit articulation of normative values that could undergird alternatives to capitalism.

Recent methodological work at the intersection of culture, cognition, and computational methods has drawn attention to how cultural schemas can be 'recovered' from social survey data. Defining cultural schemas as slowly learned, implicit, and unevenly distributed relational memory structures, researchers show how schemas—or rather, the downstream consequences of people drawing upon them—can be operationalized and measured from domain-specific survey modules. Respondents can then be sorted into 'classes' on the basis of the schema to which their survey response patterns best align. In this article, we extend this 'schematic class analysis' method to text data. We introduce concept class analysis (CoCA): a hybrid model that combines word embeddings and correlational class analysis to group documents across a corpus by the similarity of schemas recovered from them. We introduce the CoCA model, illustrate its validity and utility using simulations, and conclude with considerations for future research and applications.

How do we make sense of the ways in which COVID-19 has developed and been responded to in the United States? How can nondeterminist class analysis help us to understand why the pandemic has impacte...

The relevance of workers’ mobilisations in the 2011 Arab uprisings and – more recently – in the Algerian movement for democracy and social justice has encouraged a renewed interest in labour–state relations in the region. This article presents a class-based perspective on labour institutions, taking Morocco as a case study. In contrast to institution-based approaches, this research argues that it is problematic to treat the trade unions as analytical proxies for the working class, because this heuristic move conceals how class struggles – from below and from above – can transcend and transform labour institutions. The article proposes a framework to study labour–state relations, highlighting the relative autonomy of union officials from workers and vice versa. In this way, it shows how, in the neoliberal phase, the Moroccan state increased inducements to the unions while decreasing those to the workers and maintaining significant constraints on workplace organising. To use a simplified formulation, the regime included the unions to exclude the workers. In such a context of low union representativeness, the dangers of reducing the working class to the trade unions emerge clearly.\ud \ud

Existing parenting research in sociology is dominated by a class analysis approach, which assumes a strong relationship between family resources and parenting behaviours. This relationship, however, is found to be weak in contexts such as China. In this study, I propose a theoretical model that takes account of parental valuation of children and explore its implications for parenting practices. Using this theoretical model, I analyse data from the 2014 survey of the China Family Panel Study and report the following findings. First, Chinese parents predominantly value a child figure who is “emotionally priceless and educationally achieving”. Second, parents who report higher emotional value and achievement value of their children are also significantly more likely to adopt intensive parenting practices. Last, family socioeconomic resources and parents’ valuation of children are complementary in affecting different dimensions of parenting: whereas family SES is positively correlated with parents’ investment in children’s education, parents’ perceived values of children (particularly the emotional value) exert strong effects on parental involvement in various ways to boost children’s academic performance. I conclude the article by ruminating on the theoretical and policy implications of this study.

Talent if not planned it will be in vain its capabilities. Not yet marketed a place for fostering sports achievement at the junior high school level. This study analyzes and looks at the urgency of the Special Sports Class is believed to have completed the discussion. Location of research in Semarang City with qualitative research. Data collection techniques by observation, interview, documentation and triangulation. Not yet optimal results in student sports, athlete students still rely on general subjects, difficulty in getting dispensation and coordination is not optimal is a strategic problem. The results of the SWOT analysis in general are: increasing cooperation, improving the quality of sports coaching through the use of science and technology, and utilizing the quality of human resources to support the strengthening and aspirations of the community. In terms of urgency: Local governments work together to formulate relevant requirements and policies so that athlete systems improve quality. Semarang City's research results were able to realize the program. Policy is the first step to start a special pathway as a form of practical implementation of the Semarang City Regional Regulation on Sports Organization. Semarang city. Special Sports Classes in the near future. The Special Sports Class not only discusses students' interests and talents in sports, but also encourages students to excel in sports. Special sports classes that are fully managed adequately improve the quality of Semarang city.

Las transformaciones del trabajo de las últimas décadas, caracterizadas por la precariedad y la flexibilización, suponen un desafío para el análisis de clase y para el análisis de raíz marxista. El objetivo de este artículo es construir, en debate con Marx, una propuesta de análisis que permita abordar estos cambios sociales. Para ello se revisan el concepto de clase de Marx, complejizándolo, y aproximaciones contemporáneas que hacen uso de esa concepción en el análisis de la sociedad actual. Marx ofrece una concepción de clase interesante y útil pues enmarca el proceso de construcción de la clase social en un marco relacional de lucha política, económica y cultural. Consideramos que los procesos de transformación del trabajo hacen que cobren un mayor interés los análisis de clase centrados en las relaciones sociales de dominación y explotación.

The paper conducts a class analysis of the human experience of migration during the Partition of India using a dataset constructed from 1,000 recently published oral narratives by migrants from acr...

The increase in traffic flows on the roads causes an increase in road accidents. The study of the road safety deals on how to reduce the related phenomenon to non-pathological levels; to be able to operate correctly, much different information are needed. For some different levels of investigation of the phenomenon, only the incidental statistics may be necessary. To plan the interventions it needs information on the single incidents that occur in some areas. Each incident has some evolution characteristics that are repeated in a non-random manner, and these recurrences must be highlighted and studied to obtain effective countermeasures. The study methodologies of the road accidents maybe not only on their typology and imply the possibility of reconstruction, even if approximate, of the incident and its temporal phases of development. In some cases, it may also be necessary to evaluate the impact speed between vehicles. Some incident reconstruction techniques allow obtaining reliable speed values before the impact starting from the evidence left on the roadway. If these are not present, it is possible to use methodologies that provide speed values starting from the deformations of the vehicles as a relationship to the structural stiffness coefficients. Some databases are available: these concerning the coefficients obtained for a number of passenger cars and others concerning sister cars: these are used with a reasonable degree of approximation in forensic engineering works. A road safety engineer may not need values with a high degree of approximation but may wish to proceed more quickly with some stiffness coefficients that are not exactly those of a single model of car but only for those of car that has similar characteristics, not equal, with the full advantage of the speed of accident reconstruction. In research work, different stiffness coefficients for passenger cars were analysed and grouped for displacement classes, length and pitch.

The paper presents a critique of the discourse of precarity that assumes that regulated era labor relations in advanced capitalist economies represent the norm, while ‘irregular work’ represents a ...

This contribution links the study of populism as a stylistic repertoire with Bourdieusian class analysis. The starting point is Ostiguy and Moffitt's observation that the populist repertoire draws on symbols of the 'sociocultural low' and 'the popular' produced in non-political fields like food and leisure. Borrowing from Lévi-Strauss and Bourdieu, the article proposes to view these elements as metaphors for positions in vertical and horizontal class relations. Metaphorical signification rests on homologies between the symbolic sphere ('culture') and politics grounded in the divisions of social space ('the class structure'). This perspective allows us to situate the populist repertoire in social structure and analyze its entanglement in struggles over the classification of groups, or symbolic class struggles.

This article explores the practice of neonaticide – the killing of an infant at the moment of birth – in Manchester during the first decades of the industrial revolution. Using a set of previously unexamined pre-trial witness statements, the author makes the case that newborn-killing was practised by working-class women in the town as a known and even accepted form of birth control. There is quite suggestive evidence that women had a language for this practice, shielded other women from having it reported, and in certain circumstances, assisted one another in carrying it out. This finding resonates with similar moral frameworks that have been studied from high-medieval England to early colonial Mexico. Nonetheless, it has also been well established that middle-class people throughout the nineteenth century in Britain abhorred infant killing, associated it strongly with stigmatized stereotypes of working-class maternity, and sought to suppress it using the punitive weight of the law. Period diaries and publications show that this ‘moral panic’ was as potent in Manchester as anywhere else. Taking these contrary patterns together, the author suggests that neonaticide and practices like it allow historians to observe the profound cultural divisions and frictions along class lines which structured life in the early industrial city.

Recent archaeological investigations conducted at Penns Neck, a community originally established by the descendants of Dutch immigrants in northern Mercer County, New Jersey, revealed evidence of prosperous late-colonial and post-revolutionary family networks extending from the mid eighteenth to the twentieth century. The presence of domestic residences and family-owned farming operations at Penns Neck, including those at the Schenk-Jewell farmhouse and the Covenhoven-Silvers-Logan house, provide the opportunity to examine the development of late eighteenth and nineteenth century rural communities, particularly with Dutch-heritage backgrounds, and to help explore the nuanced link between traditions utilized by farming households and larger institutional and socio-economic systems that operated within these farming communities. The research question addressed by this thesis is: what were the traditional elements of cultural identity embraced by Dutch communities, especially at Penns Neck, and how were traditions changed and adapted to the pursuit of capitalistic enterprises and ideologies. Using a Marxist approach coupled with ideas from world systems theory, analysis of consumption patterns, landscape design, and class relations can peer into the economic and social realities transpiring at these sites exposing ties to larger governing, and invisible, networks of power expressed within the community. Patterns of consumption, wealth distribution, and labor relations at Penns Neck show an intermeshing of traditional values and ideas that both resist and sway to general socio-economic pressures and circumstances emerging across the region. Spatial and temporal analysis of artifacts, architectural forms, and landscape development show clear attempts by the capitalist farmers to naturalize/solidify their place within the social-economic order, in which symbols supporting capitalistic ideologies were ingrained in the landscape. This contrasts with earlier community members that used social institutions outside the farm to raise social and political capital, rather than solely economic capital, in the community to climb and hold positions of the social hierarchy. Despite the profound changes occurring on the landscape during the occupation of the site by the Schenck and Jewell families, some traditions remain, including the use of value systems and institutions, material culture by type, and symbols that reflect the family’s Dutch ethnic heritage. At large, the study follows Wurst and Mrozowski (2016) that capitalism in not a fixed entity, but a dynamic and multi-faceted totality that both shapes and conforms to the society that embraces it, even at the community level; the cultural expression of agrarian families on the Penns Neck landscape help depict and provide an example of the dynamic nature of capitalism from the eighteenth to the twentieth century and the nuanced experience that emerging capitalistic institutions and pursuits had on the day-to-day lives of the community members. The archaeological data collected for the analysis was largely acquired during the Phase II site evaluation of the Schenk-Jewell Farm Site (28ME408), Covenhoven-Silvers-Logan House Site (28ME410), and Lower Harrison Street Domestic Site (28ME413) by the Ottery Group during the summer and winter of 2021, which yielded an artifact assemblage dating as early as the mid-eighteenth century extending across multiple family generations up to the twentieth century. The archaeological investigation revealed evidence of the original location of the main houses and multiple structural features associated with the former outbuildings in the adjacent work yards. Historical documentation, including state land records, census and tax records, deeds and wills, maps and aerials, and historic photos, were analyzed, to contextualize the archaeological data and the family histories in a way that addresses the themes of this thesis. Archaeological sites, located in both Old World and New World contexts, that were identified during the literature review were compared in an attempt to identify Dutch-American cultural patterns present across the sites. While the analysis was successful in tracing certain elements of Dutch cultural continuity, that is in the occurrence of ceramic types and architectural forms, of the early families settling at Penns Neck, these traditions were challenged and refitted to accommodate the needs of emerging farming operations, which attempted to capitalize on the connection of Penns Neck into a wider regional economy during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Two years after Erik Olin Wright���s death, this article rereads one of his most famous works, Class Counts. This book, published in 1997, can be considered at the same time a contemporary classic of scientific Marxism and the manifest of neo-Marxist class analysis. The objectives of the article are manifold. Firstly, it contextualizes the author���s theoretical contribution in his biography, emphasizing his complicated relationship with sociology as a Marxist. Then, it focuses on the book���s specific contribution in terms of conceptual work, also looking at the theoretical implications of the empirical results. Finally, it reflects on the resilience of the heuristic capacity of Wright���s categories to understand social inequalities in contemporary society., Cambio. Rivista sulle Trasformazioni Sociali, Vol. 11 No. 21 (2021): Il paradigma dell'informale nel capitalismo contemporaneo

Neo-liberal epoch is often characterized as a market society, where everything serves the interests of global market (or, better to say, trans-national corporations, that subdued the global market). Although we stand on the basis of class analysis of modern capitalism (as we showed while investigating the question of mass intellect control), these cases lead us to an attempt to apply the general framework of the world-system analysis with its division among the core, semi-periphery and periphery to the development of general intellect [9]. In the following paper we attempt to discuss in what sense this may have some kernel of truth, although taking the Marxist position we can’t defend the very idea of such replacing. So, we see our target as following: we need to analyze what happens with the social conscious and wider – with intellect itself – in modern epoch and what consequences the changes may bring, cause our main aim was of course focus on Russia and its mass intellect control special aspects.

Modeling bicycle traffic assignment requires consideration of the various factors and criteria that could play a role in a cyclist’s route decision-making process. However, existing studies on bicycle route choice analysis tend to overlook the less tangible or measurable aspects of cyclist route decision-making, such as a cyclist’s cognitive understanding of the network and a cyclist’s biking experience. This study explores the applicability of space syntax as a route cognitive attribute in a bicycle traffic assignment model. Since space syntax is a tool that links urban spatial layout to human movement, the results of a space syntax model can be used as a cognitive attribute for modeling bicycle movements with explicit consideration of the cognitive complexities of navigating through the environment. In developing a bicycle traffic assignment model, we considered relevant attributes such as route cognition, distance, and safety and integrated multiple user class analysis to reflect different biking experience levels. Numerical experiments using the Winnipeg network are conducted to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed bicycle traffic assignment model with one or more user classes.

International audience; ObjectiveVery preterm born children are at risk for impairments in multiple neurodevelopmental domains, but outcomes vary between individuals. The present study aimed to distinguish subgroups with distinct profiles of functioning across motor, cognitive, behavioral, and psychosocial domains. These profiles were related to neonatal and social/environmental factors.MethodThe sample included 1977 children born very preterm (

Neste trabalho apresentamos a análise de uma aula com enfoque histórico e investigativo na qual buscamos identificar normas e práticas científicas estabelecidas na sala de aula. Essa aula foi desenvolvida em uma turma da primeira série do ensino médio em uma escola de tempo integral da rede estadual do Espírito Santo e teve como foco o desenvolvimento de um debate sobre duas correntes de pensamento sobre o movimento dos corpos (pensamento aristotélico e galileano). Os dados foram produzidos por meio da gravação em áudio e vídeo da aula e anotações em diário de campo. Para análise utilizamos as categorias propostas por Nascimento e Sasseron (2019) que elencam uma série de características da cultura cientifica que podem ser incluídas em um contexto escolar. Os resultados indicam a presença de características importantes, como a argumentação, a receptividade crítica, a realização de perguntas e a construção de explicações. Além disso, foi possível estabelecer a constituição de uma igualdade moderada pela natureza da atividade didática que contemplava maior envolvimento dos estudantes na construção das ideias na sala de aula.

This article contends that the arguments developed within and beyond Development and Globalization: A Marxian Class Analysis are vital to the project of building twenty-first century socialism. My ...

In this rejoinder, I respond to four essays on my book, Development and Globalization: A Marxian Class Analysis, by focusing on the following main themes: the contingency of theory, reading for cla...

This paper discusses the epistemological status and potential scope of the discipline of sociology based on the writings of Ludwig von Mises. More specifically, it presents his epistemological distinction between theory and history, and argues that sociology can be integrated in this framework as a historical discipline. As such, it must be a praxeologically guided study of general or specific social phenomena that already occurred or are likely to occur. Additionally, this paper addresses the general insights provided by Mises to questions of interest to the field of sociology—the division of labor and the evolution of society, the social effects of socialism and capitalism, class analysis, and the role of ideas in social change—in order to infer from it the general tasks that sociology, as a historical discipline, can accomplish in its study of social phenomena.

Purpose While migrant women entrepreneurs (MWE) have been studied extensively through the lenses of gender and ethnicity, social class, as an axis of difference, received scant attention in entrepreneurship and migrant enterprise literature. The purpose of this paper is to make an intersectional analysis on migrant women’s cultural capital development processes on the basis of not only gender and ethnicity, but also class relations. Design/methodology/approach The study draws on empirical insights generated through listening to the life story narratives of 17 women entrepreneurs from Turkey. This is a small, yet diverse group consisting of women who followed their male kin who have migrated to Sweden in the late 1960s as a labour force, and of highly educated political refugee women who have migrated to Sweden following the military coup in Turkey in the 1980s. Findings By linking pre-migration and post-migration lives through Bourdieusian class analysis, the analysis yielded three distinct types of habitus of the women-intersectional identity constructed through interweaving of certain historical and cultural practices and conditions, labelled as women (immigrant) entrepreneurs, migrant (women) entrepreneurs and hybrid entrepreneurs. Life stories demonstrated the ways the MWE relationally defined, and in turn, contested being the right kind of entrepreneur drawing on their type of habitus and forms of cultural capital within the rules of the game in the specific context of entrepreneurship. Originality/value This study shows how MWE generate diverse, yet at times similar, but historically and culturally conditioned responses in actively shaping the relationship between entrepreneurial resources and context-specific structural powers and aspects. This way, the study calls for enriching the extant debate on migrant women entrepreneurship in two ways. First, it suggests that the strategic fit between resources and opportunities does not entail an automatic and arbitrary process. Rather, it takes an effort and contestation carried out by the entrepreneurial actors, among whom the individual entrepreneur is the primary actor. In particular, it draws attention to the conditions of possibilities for agency as a result of struggle and intersectional power relations: social class, ethnicity and gender, which provide a differential degree of powers to the individual entrepreneur.

The main aim of this research, reappraisal the restoration of class importance and economic-class analysis in socio-political sciences literature with emphasis on two theories of street politics and sub-politics by using of theories of famous sociologists such as Antony Gidens and Asef Bayat. In this research, the author has been tried to answer to this question by analytical- explanative method and objective examples in the field of social movements: what have been the important efficient factors on restoration of class importance in two last decades in socio-political sciences? The finding of research that are same the hypothesis is that due to factors such as economic- commercial globalization and universalize and mal- decision making of governments especially in developing countries has been led to intensification of internal and international inequality between north-south countries, unemployment, increased injustice and poorness, much decrease in welfare life standards. Increase the expenditures of social services and so on. In the context of increased distrust to political parties, the social movements has been challenged the macro national and international polices by engagement and mobilization of economic dissatisfied professionals groups in public streets and fields by emphasis on the principal of ethic- social justice. In meanwhile, the demands od religious- ethnic identities and actors has been interrelated with economic- class dimensions. Although the class has been important but is not deterministic as the age of cold war.

In Western European countries, studies on the relationship between class position and political outlooks so far have a limited understanding of the relevance of class analysis, while in semiperipheral countries, like Croatia, research on class-related mechanisms and political behavior is modest, with a clear deficit of empirical research. The main goal of class analysis is to have the potential to explain various life outcomes primarily through explaining and exploring relationships between class position and life chances. In this article, we have employed neo- Weberian class analysis with the purpose to explore the relationship between class position and political behavior. In the article we use the concept of political behavior as a broader term that consists of individuals’ interest in politics, political efficacy, and political participation (voter turnout). We have used the data from the International Social Survey Program module Role of Government V from 2016. Analysis has shown that in Croatia, class membership is a predictor of interest in politics and political efficacy, i.e., that the members of a higher class show greater interest in politics and assess that they have a better understanding of politics. Class per se does not have a direct effect on voter turnout, but it is mediated through political efficacy and interest in politics since voting is mostly under the influence of personal interest in politics.