1. Rapid and Low-Cost CRP Measurement by Integrating a Paper-Based Microfluidic Immunoassay with Smartphone (CRP-Chip)
- Author
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Navdeep Tangri, Claudio Rigatto, Michael Zhang, Paul Komenda, Jiandong Wu, Francis Lin, Yong Liu, Hagit Peretz-Soroka, Meili Dong, and Zimin Ma
- Subjects
Protein biomarkers ,Microfluidics ,Metal Nanoparticles ,02 engineering and technology ,smartphone ,Bioinformatics ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Article ,C-reactive protein ,Analytical Chemistry ,low-cost ,protein biomarkers ,chronic disease diagnosis ,microfluidic device ,medicine ,Humans ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Instrumentation ,Immunoassay ,Detection limit ,Reproducibility ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Reproducibility of Results ,Equipment Design ,Paper based ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Chip ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,3. Good health ,0104 chemical sciences ,Biomarker (medicine) ,Gold ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Traditional diagnostic tests for chronic diseases are expensive and require a specialized laboratory, therefore limiting their use for point-of-care (PoC) testing. To address this gap, we developed a method for rapid and low-cost C-reactive protein (CRP) detection from blood by integrating a paper-based microfluidic immunoassay with a smartphone (CRP-Chip). We chose CRP for this initial development because it is a strong biomarker of prognosis in chronic heart and kidney disease. The microfluidic immunoassay is realized by lateral flow and gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric detection of the target protein. The test image signal is acquired and analyzed using a commercial smartphone with an attached microlens and a 3D-printed chip–phone interface. The CRP-Chip was validated for detecting CRP in blood samples from chronic kidney disease patients and healthy subjects. The linear detection range of the CRP-Chip is up to 2 μg/mL and the detection limit is 54 ng/mL. The CRP-Chip test result yields high reproducibility and is consistent with the standard ELISA kit. A single CRP-Chip can perform the test in triplicate on a single chip within 15 min for less than 50 US cents of material cost. This CRP-Chip with attractive features of low-cost, fast test speed, and integrated easy operation with smartphones has the potential to enable future clinical PoC chronic disease diagnosis and risk stratification by parallel measurements of a panel of protein biomarkers.
- Published
- 2017