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В данной работе приведены результаты гидрохимических исследований, проведенных за период 2015—2022 гг. в арктических и субарктических зонах бассейнов рр. Анабар, Яна и Индигирка. По гидрохимическому индексу CCME WQI в арктической зоне бассейна р. Анабар отмечается «хороший» класс качества воды, а в субарктической части бассейна наблюдаются воды с классом от «очень плохих» до «удовлетворительных». Для исследованных вод субарктической зоны бассейна р. Яна характерны воды класса от «очень плохих» до «плохих». В арктической зоне бассейна р. Индигирка в природных водотоках класс качества варьирует в пределах от «плохих» до «хороших», а для техногенных водотоков и водоемов характерны только «очень плохие» воды. Источником негативного воздействия на водные объекты являются объекты накопленного экологического ущерба — хвосты лежалых отвалов Батагайской обогатительной фабрики, хвостохранилище и шахты Депутатского горно-обогатительного комбината. В целом наименее подверженной к антропогенному воздействию является р. Анабар в арктической зоне (у п. Юрюнг Хая), а наиболее подверженным к антропогенному воздействию является арктическая зона бассейна р. Индигирка., The paper presents the results of hydrochemical studies conducted for the period of 2015—2022. In the Arctic and Subarctic zones of the river basins of the Anabar, Yana and Indigirka. According to the hydro-chemical index CCME WQI, in the Arctic zone, the Anabar River basin has a “good” water quality class, and in the Subarctic part of the basin, the waters with a class from “very bad” to “satisfactory” are observed. For the studied waters of the Subarctic zone of the Yana River basin, the water is characterized by the class from “very bad” to “bad”. In the Arctic zone of the Indigirka River basin in natural watercourses, the quality class varies from “bad” to “good”, and only “very bad” waters are typical for man-made watercourses and reservoirs. The source of the negative impact on water bodies is the objects of accumulated environmental damage, i.e., the tailings of the stale dumps of the Batagay Enrichment Plant, the tailings and mines of the Deputatsky Mining and Processing Plant. In general, the river least subject to anthropogenic impact is the Anabar River in the Arctic zone (near the village of Yuryung Khaya), and the Arctic zone of the Indigirka River basin is the most susceptible to anthropogenic impact.

Lake Hawassa is one of the major Ethiopian Rift Valley Lakes having an endorheic basin system. The surrounding community makes use of the lake water for the multiple purposes of irrigation, domestic water supply, recreation and fish harvesting. The aim of the present study was to ascertain the water quality of the lake in terms of water quality indices (WQI) and its health over a period of three months covering both dry and wet seasons. Overall, the water quality of Lake was unfit and bad as per the weighted arithmetic method (120.06–228.29) and modified Bascarón water quality index (MBWQI) methods (26.81–33.89), respectively. However, the quality was indicated as marginal, as per the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) water quality index method (44.2–51.1). On average, the lake was under the hypertrophic stage as per the standard based on the results of Secchi depth and nutrient concentration. The current study showed the lake being unfit for all-purposes as per WAWQI range (> 100). According to the physicochemical and biological parameters, of the lake, it requires mitigation measures to control Eutrophication and pollutants inflow.

В работе приведены результаты гидрохимических исследований, проведенных в 2020—2021 гг. в субарктической зоне Якутии, вблизи п. Батагай Верхоянского района. Опробование природных вод проведено из р. Яна и протоках Поселковое, Наакка Айаана, а также из р. Батагайка и ручья, вытекающего из Батагайского провала. Кроме того, изучены техногенные водоемы лежалых хвостов Батагайской обогатительной фабрики № 418. В ходе исследования выявлены, что характерными загрязняющими веществами для р. Яна являются фенолы, ХПК, Fe, Cu. Протоки р. Яна вблизи п. Батагай — Поселкое и Наакка Айаана испытывают значительное антропогенное влияние. Река Батагайка и руч. Безымянный, вытекающий из Батагайского провала, привносят в воды р. Яны огромные массы взвешенных веществ, тем самым ухудшая показатели мутности, и цветности, а также увеличивая содержания ряда микроэлементов. Техногенные водоемы лежалых хвостов Батагайской обогатительной фабрики представляют собой сильнокислые высокоминерализованные воды преимущественно сульфатного класса с экстремально высокими концентрациями ряда загрязняющих веществ, таких как Zn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Li, Ba, Sr, фенолы, F–, SO4 2–., The paper presents the results of hydrochemical studies conducted in 2020—2021 in the subarctic zone of Yakutia near the village of Batagai, the Verkhoyansk Region. Testing of natural waters was carried out from the Yana River and its channels Poselkovoe, Naakka Ayaana, as well as from the river of Batagayka and the stream of Namless, flowing from the Batagaysky Laydown. In addition, technogenic reservoirs of stale tailings of the Batagay Concentrating Plant N. 418 were studied. The study revealed that the characteristic pollutants for the Yana River are phenols, COD, Fe, Cu. The River channels of the Yana near the village of Batagai, i.e., Poselkoye and Naakka Ayaana are experiencing significant anthropogenic impact. The Batagayka River and the Bezymyanny brook, flowing from the Batagay depression, are brought into the waters of the Yana River is a huge mass of suspended solids, thereby worsening the turbidity and colour, as well as increasing the content of a number of trace elements. The technogenic reservoirs of the stale tailings of the Batagay concentrator are strongly acidic highly mineralized waters of predominantly sulfate class with extremely high concentrations of a number of pollutants, such as Zn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Li, Ba, Sr, phenols, F–, SO4 2–.

Submitted by Boris Flegr (boris@uerj.br) on 2021-01-07T00:12:44Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertacao_Livia Garcia Silveira-parte1.pdf: 2182729 bytes, checksum: 9baae3bc1a67705d13029745eaf6fc81 (MD5) Dissertacao_Livia Garcia Silveira-parte2.pdf: 1981226 bytes, checksum: 34671d1e27638f59463c232b0f83830a (MD5) Dissertacao_Livia Garcia Silveira-parte3.pdf: 925367 bytes, checksum: 0323a31854389df1172dad24268abd34 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-01-07T00:12:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertacao_Livia Garcia Silveira-parte1.pdf: 2182729 bytes, checksum: 9baae3bc1a67705d13029745eaf6fc81 (MD5) Dissertacao_Livia Garcia Silveira-parte2.pdf: 1981226 bytes, checksum: 34671d1e27638f59463c232b0f83830a (MD5) Dissertacao_Livia Garcia Silveira-parte3.pdf: 925367 bytes, checksum: 0323a31854389df1172dad24268abd34 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-25 This paper aims to evaluate comparatively the use of two water quality index for water quality management in the state of Rio de Janeiro, based on monitoring data provided for INEA Instituto Estadual do Ambiente do Rio de Janeiro (State Institute of Environment of Rio de Janeiro). Water quality index are used to characterize the quality of a water body through the integration of different parameters into a single value, and their use facilitates the monitoring of the quality of water bodies over time, as well as their spatial characterization; however, the effectiveness of this monitoring is directly associated with the formulation of the indexes. In the present study, a comparison was made between the results of NSF-WQI, Water Quality Index developed by the National Sanitation Foundation of the United States, which is currently used by several Brazilian bodies, including INEA and the CCME-WQI, Water Quality Index developed by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. It was based on the premise that the CCME-WQI could be a more adequate indicator for the characterization of water quality than the NSF-WQI, since it is calculated from the comparison between the values for each parameter measured in the monitoring and the "ideal" standard value, usually based on legislation, depending on the purpose of water characterization. For the present study the "ideal" standard was based on the limits determined by CONAMA (a Brazilian council for the environment) Resolution 357/2005 for freshwater class 2. The secondary data used are from several monitoring points in the state in the period between 2014 and 2017. After the calculation was performed the quality analysis signaled by the two indexes and statistical comparison of the results found. The results showed that there is a correlation between the two methods, and that the CCME-WQI can be used to replace the NSF-WQI, with the advantage of presenting an indication of the quality in relation to the proposed framing. The CCME-WQI was also more sensitive to variations in quality than the NSF-WQI. The IQA-CCME's disadvantage is that it is necessary at least four monitoring campaigns to apply it and, for an unstable monitoring as the INEA s, this can be a great limitation Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar comparativamente o uso de dois índices de qualidade de água para gestão da qualidade da água no estado do Rio de Janeiro, a partir de dados de monitoramento disponibilizados pelo INEA - Instituto Estadual do Ambiente do Rio de Janeiro. Índices de qualidade de água são utilizados com o objetivo de caracterizar a qualidade de um corpo hídrico através da integração de diferentes parâmetros em um único valor, e sua utilização facilita o acompanhamento da qualidade de corpos hídricos ao longo do tempo, assim como a sua caracterização espacial; no entanto, a efetividade desse acompanhamento está diretamente associada à formulação dos índices. No presente trabalho foi realizada a comparação entre os resultados do IQA-NSF, desenvolvido pela National Sanitation Foundation dos Estados Unidos e utilizado atualmente por diversos órgãos brasileiros inclusive o INEA; e o IQA-CCME, desenvolvido pelo Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment do Canadá. Partiu-se da premissa que o IQA-CCME poderia ser um indicador mais adequado para a caracterização da qualidade da água do que o IQA-NSF, uma vez que ele é calculado a partir da comparação entre os valores para cada parâmetro aferidos nos monitoramentos e o valor padrão ideal , geralmente baseado na legislação, dependendo do objetivo da caracterização da água. Para o presente estudo o padrão ideal foi baseado nos limites determinados pela Resolução CONAMA 357/2005 para água doce classe 2. Os dados secundários utilizados são de diversos pontos de monitoramento no estado no período entre 2014 e 2017. Após o cálculo foi realizada a análise da qualidade sinalizada pelos dois índices e comparação estatística dos resultados encontrados. Os resultados mostraram que existe correlação entre os dois métodos, e que o IQA-CCME pode ser utilizado para substituir o IQA-NSF, com a vantagem de apresentar um indicativo da qualidade em relação ao enquadramento proposto. O IQA-CCME também se mostrou mais sensível a variações de qualidade do que o IQA-NSF. A desvantagem do IQA-CCME é que para aplicá-lo são necessárias ao menos quatro campanhas de monitoramento e para um monitoramento tão inconstante como o do INEA isso pode ser uma grande limitação

Cytochromes c are ubiquitous proteins, essential for life in most organisms. Their distinctive characteristic is the covalent attachment of heme to their polypeptide chain. This post-translational modification is performed by a dedicated protein system, which in many Gram-negative bacteria and plant mitochondria is a nine-protein apparatus (CcmA-I) called System I. Despite decades of study, mechanistic understanding of the protein-protein interactions in this highly complex maturation machinery is still lacking. Here, we focused on the interaction of CcmC, the protein that sources the heme cofactor, with CcmE, the pivotal component of System I responsible for the transfer of the heme to the apocytochrome. Using in silico analyses, we identified a putative interaction site between these two proteins (residues Asp 47 , Gln 50 , and Arg 55 on CcmC; Arg 73 , Asp 101 , and Glu 105 on CcmE), and we validated our findings by in vivo experiments in Escherichia coli Moreover, employing NMR spectroscopy, we examined whether a heme-binding site on CcmE contributes to this interaction and found that CcmC and CcmE associate via protein-protein rather than protein-heme contacts. The combination of in vivo site-directed mutagenesis studies and high-resolution structural techniques enabled us to determine at the residue level the mechanism for the formation of one of the key protein complexes for cytochrome c maturation by System I.

Heme is essential and synthesised via highly-regulated processes. For this reason, most organisms strive to recycle it or acquire it from their environment. When heme is bound to proteins non-covalently, degradation of the polypeptide is sufficient to release it. However, in some hemoproteins, such as c-type cytochromes, heme is covalently bound to the protein backbone. We use the heme auxotroph Caenorhabditis elegans to investigate if cytochromes c can be a heme source, and we show that this organism must encode a novel system, which specifically cleaves the thioether bonds of c-type cytochromes. We also find that at limiting heme concentrations, while somatic tissues develop normally the germline fails to proliferate, suggesting the presence of a heme-sensing checkpoint in C. elegans.

The limitation posed by the traditional comparison of water quality indicators with guide values or acceptable limits has necessitated the use of water quality indices. Most water quality indices depend on use of weighting factors which have the problem of subjectiveness. These limitations have been overcome by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) framework which estimates scope, frequency and amplitude of impairment to water quality status. The framework was used to create 3 Water Quality Indices (WQI) for Agricultural, Health and Environmental evaluation of water quality in the Ogun and Ona Basins which cover 8 rivers, with 27 gauging locations. 32 physical, chemical and microbiological water quality indicators were monitored over a 12-month period. The CCME scores showed that Health WQI ranged between 21 and 42 which rank all the rivers and locations as poor. Environmental WQI was 41–76 which ranks the basins between marginal and fair, while the Agricultural WQI was between 31 and 59; thus making river water quality poor and unfit for aquaculture even though, adequate for irrigation with the acceptable EC (

Background: Heme attachment to cytochrome c is a catalyzed post-translational modification. Results: We identify a ternary complex of the cytochrome c biogenesis protein CcmE, heme, and a cytochrome, and demonstrate its functional significance. Conclusion: The complex is a trapped catalytic intermediate at the point of heme transfer from the cytochrome biogenesis apparatus to the cytochrome. Significance: An insight into biosynthesis of heme proteins., c-Type cytochromes are widespread proteins, fundamental for respiration or photosynthesis in most cells. They contain heme covalently bound to protein in a highly conserved, highly stereospecific post-translational modification. In many bacteria, mitochondria, and archaea this heme attachment is catalyzed by the cytochrome c maturation (Ccm) proteins. Here we identify and characterize a covalent, ternary complex between the heme chaperone CcmE, heme, and cytochrome c. Formation of the complex from holo-CcmE occurs in vivo and in vitro and involves the specific heme-binding residues of both CcmE and apocytochrome c. The enhancement and attenuation of the amounts of this complex correlates completely with known consequences of mutations in genes for other Ccm proteins. We propose the complex is a trapped catalytic intermediate in the cytochrome c biogenesis process, at the point of heme transfer from CcmE to the cytochrome, the key step in the maturation pathway.