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Le corps, issu du latin corpus, constitue la partie matérielle et tangible des êtres animés. Il peut aussi, par synecdoque, désigner la personne tout entière. Le pouvoir, terme également issu du latin potere, renvoie à la capacité d’agir, mais surtout à celle de gouverner, contraindre, discipliner. Les Grecs et les Romains disposaient d’un vocabulaire étendu et nuancé renvoyant à cette notion : archè, dynamis, energeia, potestas, imperium, auctoritas sont autant de variations qui questionnent...

Véronique Dasen, professeure d’archéologie classique à l’Université de Fribourg, réunit ici plusieurs enquêtes issues de précédents travaux, étoffées et mises en lien. Le sourire d’Omphale porte sur la maternité et la petite enfance dans l’Antiquité grecque et romaine mais aussi égyptienne, dans une perspective comparatiste caractéristique de l’auteure. Ce sujet implique l’étude conjointe des thèmes qui lui sont chers : médecine et savoirs divers sur le corps, magie, traitement de l’anormal. ...

International audience; Hidden behind the authorship of this work and the huge symbol he represents, the actual life and actions of Hippocrates remain largely unknown. We have very little information about him in ancient sources, and the view we have of him is distorted by twenty-five centuries of commentaries and use of his paternal image as a reference in medicine. Since the 1990s scholars such as Jody Rubin Pinault, Jacques Jouanna, Eric D. Nelson have studied ancient sources evoking this character. The aim of this article is to help historians of medicine who often have to deal with the Hippocratic Collection as the first treatises evoking their topic: for instance humours, diseases, mental illness, health, diet, drugs, etc. How did this quite unknown character manage to become the ‘Father of Medicine’, as he is often called in both modern popular discourse and by historians of medicine? How has ‘Hippocrates’ become a synonym for ‘Medicine’? Is he really representative of physicians of his time? To answer these questions I will try to determine what can be known about the actual existence of Hippocrates in sources. Then I will show how the symbolical figure of the ‘Father of medicine’ has been constructed over the past centuries until today. Finally, I will try to see if the Hippocratic figure is representative of ancient Greek physicians.

International audience; Hidden behind the authorship of this work and the huge symbol he represents, the actual life and actions of Hippocrates remain largely unknown. We have very little information about him in ancient sources, and the view we have of him is distorted by twenty-five centuries of commentaries and use of his paternal image as a reference in medicine. Since the 1990s scholars such as Jody Rubin Pinault, Jacques Jouanna, Eric D. Nelson have studied ancient sources evoking this character. The aim of this article is to help historians of medicine who often have to deal with the Hippocratic Collection as the first treatises evoking their topic: for instance humours, diseases, mental illness, health, diet, drugs, etc. How did this quite unknown character manage to become the ‘Father of Medicine’, as he is often called in both modern popular discourse and by historians of medicine? How has ‘Hippocrates’ become a synonym for ‘Medicine’? Is he really representative of physicians of his time? To answer these questions I will try to determine what can be known about the actual existence of Hippocrates in sources. Then I will show how the symbolical figure of the ‘Father of medicine’ has been constructed over the past centuries until today. Finally, I will try to see if the Hippocratic figure is representative of ancient Greek physicians.

Dans le cadre de la Grèce classique, c’est-à-dire celle des ve et ive siècles avant Jésus-Christ, ce mémoire se propose d’étudier deux divinités liées aussi bien dans le culte qui leur était accordé que dans leurs domaines d’intervention. Ce duo comprend tout d’abord une divinité masculine, Asclépios, dieu guérisseur à la popularité croissante, notamment en Attique et dans le Péloponnèse. Les sanctuaires de ce médecin divin, appelés Asclépieia, ont un fonctionnement commun, à l’instar de ceux...