Search

Funding: H2020 European Research Council Energy Ethics (715146). In the offshore oil industry of Takoradi, Ghana, white expatriate workers describe oil extraction as both ‘the work of the Devil’ and a ‘labour of love’. While companies strive to produce the offshore as a timeless and spaceless fantasy of ‘frictionless profit’, workers emphasize oil work as a sacrificial economy where risk, loss and distance are traded in the pursuit of an ideal of family life. In this article, I argue that the operational structures and labour regime of the offshore (characterized by a rotation pattern, continuous production, distant locations, a segregated workforce, and mobile installations) create not only a model of capital accumulation, but a mode of being and making kin. I describe oil workers’ aspirations to a ‘good family life’ and parental care, pitting time against distance, and the interpersonal ruins that remain when they fray. In probing how oil workers make petro-capitalism affectively workable, by exploring the entangled processes of extractive and reproductive labour, this article contributes to recent scholarship on the role of kinship in sustaining global capitalism. Publisher PDF

This essay aims at investigating what role capitalism, in its ideal-typical logic, plays in times of pandemic crisis. The research hypothesis consists in abandoning a one-sided idea of capital-ism, which is the dominant one in the neoliberal version, to recover, instead, that of "creative destruction", as the most constitutive logic of the phenomenon from its origins and also the most promising for scientifically explaining the relationship between capitalism and pandem-ics. Attempts will be made to demonstrate the scientific inconsistency of a reading that rigidly and dogmatically sets antithetical interpretations of capitalism against each other, and to con-struct, instead, one that combines the possibility of divergences. Finally, the question will arise as to what implications can be drawn from this incidence of the logic of creative destruction in capitalism and whether this is such as to impose deterministic results, as well as supposedly at the level of common sense or generalization, or whether there is still room for manoeuvre and guidance by science and politics in particular.

Ausgehend von einer kurzen Darstellung zentraler Begriffe in dem von Jason Moore geprägten Weltökologie-Ansatz, bemüht sich der Artikel einige Missverständnisse in der deutschen Rezeptionsdebatte zu klären. Er zeigt, dass der Weltökologie-Ansatz nicht bloß eine (ökologische) Zusammenbruchs-Theorie ist, sondern wichtige Impulse für die Forschung zu Ressourcenpolitik und globalen Ungleichheiten liefern kann. Ein zentraler Fokus liegt herbei auf dem Begriff der 'commodity frontier' und der Aneignung natürlicher Ressourcen für die Kapitalakkumulation. Aufgrund der starken Strukturorientierung im Weltökologie-Ansatz, plädiert der Artikel für eine Weiterentwicklung um weitere Theorie-Stränge. Mit Hilfe der Forschung zu Warenketten bzw. Produktionsnetzwerken und der materialistischen Staatstheorie entwickelt er einen Forschungsrahmen, der es ermöglicht, gesellschaftliche Kräfteverhältnisse auf verschiedenen Ebenen in die Analyse von Rohstoffflüssen zu integrieren. Dies ebnet den Weg zu einer ergebnisoffenen Gegenwartsforschung und einer Operationalisierung abstrakter Kategorien wie 'cheap nature'. Based on a short introduction to central terms of the world-ecology approach, this article seeks to clarify several misunderstandings in the German reception of this new framework. It argues that the world-ecology approach is not just an (ecological) theory of capitalist breakdown, but offers important impulses for research on the politics of natural resources and global inequalities. A central focus is on the term "commodity frontier" and the appropriation of natural resources for capital accumulation. Acknowledging a strong structural orientation in the world-ecology approach, the article argues for a combination with other theoretical strands. With the help of materialist state theory and research on commodity chains or production networks, it develops a research frame that integrates the analysis of the balance of social forces on different scales into the analysis of raw material flows. This allows for open-ended contemporary research and an operationalisation of rather abstract categories, such as cheap nature.

Metsien hiilensidonta on keskeinen kysymys ekologisessa siirtymässä, ja metsäekologioiden ja biodiversiteetin tilaa olisi kohennettava kiireisesti. Toisaalla metsäresurssien odotetaan toimivan materiaalisena pohjana uudelle vihreän kasvun biotaloussyklille. Samalla metsäteollisuuden kannattavuus on laskussa ja sen materiaalinen läpivirtaama on kasvanut. Tähän tilanteeseen johtaneita kehityskulkuja selitetään tässä artikkelissa kuitupuukapitalismiksi kutsumamme metsätalouden tendenssin avulla. Tarkastelemme kuitupuukapitalismia James C. Scottin luettavuuden (legibility) käsitteen sekä voiton suhdeluvun laskutendenssin teorian kautta. Esitämme historiallisen tarkastelun pohjalta, että kurittomien luonnonmetsien korvaaminen yksinkertaisemmilla tasaikäisrakenteisilla kasvatusmetsiköillä oli keskeinen keino metsien saattamisessa pääomasuhteen piiriin. Samalla tämä prosessi loi olosuhteet kehityskululle, jossa kuitupuu ohitti tukin metsäteollisuuden keskeisenä resurssina. Selitämme tätä kehityskulkua erityisesti marxilaisen kriisiteorian voiton suhdeluvun laskutendenssin avulla. Käytämme voiton suhdeluvun laskutendenssiä selittämään myös massa- ja paperiteollisuuden materiaalisen intensiteetin kasvua taloudellisen kannattavuuden laskiessa. Kapitalistisilla tuotantoprosesseilla on taipumus kytkeytyä tiettyihin lisäarvon luomisen kannalta hyödyllisiin resursseihin. Kuitupuulla on kapitalistisen tuotantoprosessin resurssina kaksi rakenteellista kilpailuetua verrattuna tukkipuuhun: ominaisuudettomuus ja parempi ajallinen mukautuvuus pääoman aikaan. Nämä rakenteelliset seikat mahdollistavat nopeamman tuotannon intensiteetin kasvattamisen. Kuitupuukapitalismin käsite auttaa hahmottamaan suomalaisen metsäpolitiikan nykytilaa luonnehtivia ristiriitoja ja umpikujia. Se auttaa ymmärtämään, miksi massa- ja paperiteollisuuden taloudelliset intressit määrittelevät niin vahvasti metsien käyttöä, ja miksi näitä taloudellisia intressejä on yhä vaikeampi yhteensovittaa muiden metsille asetettujen yhteiskunnallisten ja ekologisten tarpeiden kanssa., In Finland, forest carbon sequestration, biodiversity, and the overall state of forest ecologies are in decline. Simultaneously, the material demands of the forest industry are rising while the profitability of the industry is falling. We analyze these compounding crises in forest ecologies and forest economies through the tendency of pulp capitalism. We examine historically how the unruly natural forests were brought within the capital relation by increasing their legibility through the methods of scientific forestry. In addition, we scrutinize the economy of pulp capitalism through the tendency of the rate of profit to fall and explain how falling profitability in the forest industry increases the material intensity of production. Capitalist production processes attach to specific resources that are beneficial for the realization of surplus value. Production based on pulpwood has two competitive advantages: Pulpwood has a low-quality threshold and it conforms to the temporality of capital. These structural attributes enable the material intensity of production to be increased. Pulp capitalism helps to understand the cul-de-sac of Finnish forest politics where the economic interests of the pulp and paper industry have become incompatible with other societal and ecological needs that forests are expected to serve.

2022 has been a year of overlapping crises. The so-called “Freedom Convoys” paralyzing Canadian communities, the COVID-19 pandemic continuing to cause excess death and disability, the war in Ukraine, the intensifying effects of climate change, and increasing inflation have all signaled that we find ourselves in a new era, one that can be described as authoritarian capitalism. In this article, we view the restructuring of Canadian universities as yet another facet of authoritarian capitalism, which uses overlapping crises to further proletarianize library labour and fully subsume it into the “learning factory.” Using Sandro Mezzadra and Brett Neilson’s theorization of the politics of capital’s operations, we examine the library restructuring processes taking place at four Canadian universities: Alberta, Brock, Laurentian, and OCAD. We view the reorganizations taking place there as efforts on behalf of university administrators to use the intensification of global forces of capitalism to exploit academic librarian labour. Ultimately, we argue that Canadian librarians are witnessing both formal and real subsumption in Canadian universities, precipitated by the overlapping crises outlined earlier. As a result, we insist that librarians need to develop a politics of struggle to build collective consciousness and action in the face of authoritarian capitalism., 2022 a été une année de crises en chevauchement. Les soi-disant « Convois de la liberté » pour paralyser les communautés canadiennes, la pandémie de COVID-19 qui continue de causer un excès de décès et d'invalidité, la guerre en Ukraine, l'intensification des effets des changements climatiques et l'inflation croissante ont tous signalé que nous nous trouvons dans une nouvelle ère, que l'on peut qualifier de capitalisme autoritaire. Dans cet article, nous considérons la restructuration des universités canadiennes comme une autre facette du capitalisme autoritaire, qui utilise ces crises en chevauchement pour prolétariser davantage le travail bibliothécaire et l'intégrer pleinement dans « l'usine à apprendre ». En utilisant la théorisation de Sandro Mezzadra et Brett Neilson sur la politique des opérations du capital, nous examinons les processus de restructuration des bibliothèques en cours dans quatre universités canadiennes : Alberta, Brock, Laurentienne et OCAD. Nous considérons les réorganisations qui s'y déroulent comme des efforts de la part des administratrices.teurs universitaires d'utiliser l'intensification des forces mondiales du capitalisme pour exploiter le travail des bibliothécaires universitaires. Enfin, nous soutenons que les bibliothécaires canadien.ne.s assistent à une subsomption à la fois formelle et réelle dans les universités canadiennes, précipitée par les crises en chevauchement décrites précédemment. En conséquence, nous insistons sur le fait que les bibliothécaires doivent développer une politique de lutte pour construire une conscience et une action collectives face au capitalisme autoritaire.

Potential to identify and cultivate forms of post-capitalism in tourism development has yet to be explored in depth in current research. Tourism is one of the world’s largest industries, and hence a powerful global political and socio-economic force. Yet numerous problems associated with conventional tourism development have been documented over the years, problems now greatly exacerbated by impacts of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Calls for sustainable tourism development have long sought to address such issues and set the industry on a better course. Yet such calls tend to still promote continued growth as the basis of the tourism industry’s development, while mounting demands for “degrowth” suggest that growth is itself the fundamental problem that needs to be addressed in discussion of sustainability in tourism and elsewhere. This critique asserts that incessant growth is intrinsic to capitalist development, and hence to tourism’s role as one of the main forms of global capitalist expansion. Touristic degrowth would therefore necessitate postcapitalist practices aiming to socialise the tourism industry. While a substantial body of research has explored how tourism functions as an expression of a capitalist political economy, thus far no research has systematically explored what post-capitalist tourism might look like or how to achieve it. Applying Erik Olin Wright’s 2019 innovative typology for conceptualizing different forms of post-capitalism as components of an overarching strategy for “eroding capitalism” to a series of illustrative allows for exploration of their potential to contribute to an analogous strategy to similarly “erode tourism” as a quintessential capitalist industry.

According to Schumpeter (1934), entrepreneurs are driven to innovate not only for the fruits of success but for success itself. This description of entrepreneurship echoes Weber’s (1958) description of the “spirit of capitalism,” which states that people enjoy the accumulation of wealth irrespective of its effect on smoothing consumption. This paper explores the implications of the spirit of capitalism on monetary policy, growth, and welfare in a Schumpeterian growth model. Different from the existing literature, we show that money is not superneutral in the long run and could promote economic growth when the spirit of capitalism is strong. Furthermore, we show that the optimal nominal interest rate decreases with the strength of the spirit of capitalism, potentially supporting a negative interest rate. Finally, our calibrated model suggests that the spirit of capitalism explains an important share (about one-third) of long-run growth in the United States.

Resumo Soberania Alimentar é um conceito multidimensional e um direito dos povos que nasce em oposição ao modelo produtivo capitalista, pautado no agronegócio. Tendo como método o materialismo histórico e uma abordagem dialética, o objetivo central deste artigo é apontar alguns dos limites econômicos, (geo)políticos e jurídicos que se contrapõem à garantia de tal direito em um país de capitalismo periférico, como é o caso do Brasil. Abstract Food Sovereignty is a multidimensional concept and a people's right that is born in opposition to the capitalist productive model, based on agribusiness. Taking historical materialism as a method and a dialectical approach, the main objective of this article is to point out some of the economic, (geo) political and legal limits that oppose the guarantee of such right in a country of peripheral capitalism, as is the case of Brazil.

RESUMO: Freud demarca em sua obra o quanto subjetividade e cultura se afetam mutuamente, algo que a teoria lacaniana dos discursos permite explorar com rigor. Pretendemos abordar alguns efeitos discursivos do capitalismo a partir da teoria dos discursos de Jacques Lacan, avançando no debate acerca de qual matema melhor expressaria tais efeitos, o discurso universitário, denominado em 1970 como discurso do mestre moderno com seu estilo capitalista, ou o discurso do capitalista, proposto em 1972 em Milão. Apostamos que não se trate de uma opção exclusiva, mas que ambos possam fornecer ricas contribuições para a exploração dos efeitos discursivos do capitalismo. Abstract: Freud emphasizes in his works how much subjectivity and culture affect each other, something that Lacanian theory allows to explore more rigorously. The present article intended to consider some discursive effects of capitalism using as a reference Jacques Lacan’s discourse theory, moving forward in the debate on which matheme describes best such effects: the discourse of the university, designated in 1970 as the modern master’s discourse with its capitalist style, or the discourse of the capitalist, proposed in 1972 in Milan. Instead of exclusively choosing between the two, our bet is that both can provide rich contributions to the exploration of the discursive effects of capitalism.

Economic crises and instability during the COVID pandemic have led to a significant additional workload and uncertainty for women. The COVID virus has spread extremely rapidly, and mobility and migration are severely limited, at least in the short term. The virus has a significant impact on the health of people from those considered to be migrants and refugees and their access to the labor market. According to Eurostat, 1.4 million people who previously resided in an EU Member State migrated to another Member State, and almost half of this population are women. Migrating women are particularly exposed to a number of specific consequences of the pandemic. Migrant women are disproportionately the first to be laid off and the last to be rehired. This is due to gender discrimination and precarious working conditions, such as low wages, the greater burden of care work, and alternative employment costs, especially given the gender wage gap and the difficulty of accessing the formal economy. This study examines the challenges many migrant women experienced in accessing the Eurozone labor market during the COVID pandemic. Based on this primary objective, the theoretical perspective of this research relies on the segmented labor market theory. Within the framework of documentary research, this work has chosen the path of descriptive analysis to achieve the study’s objectives. The findings presented in an intersectional framework suggest that the impact on migrant women workers during the COVID pandemic is exacerbated by a segmented labor market rooted in a capitalist context and by gendered structures of racism in the European labor market. In a capitalist context, migrant women would be over-represented in the informal economy due to segmented labor market policies and the effects of gendered racism. As a result, they would be at the forefront of redundancies during the pandemic because of their difficulty accessing the European labor market.

The term “civilization,” articulated in eighteenth century Europe, has been widely used in many languages from the nineteenth century to the present. It refers both to widespread societies governed by powerful states in modern times and to prestigious urban and monumental civilizations of ancient times. This essay explores the history of the concept of civilization through science, ideology, and schooling. Scientific exploration of civilization was an implementation of emerging studies in social science. Ideological statement of social priorities appropriated civilization, especially in the era of expanding capitalism, empire, and white supremacy. In the school systems set up around the world, the term “civilization” was included in the curriculum both to explain ancient heritage and the comparison of modern great powers, religious faiths, and cultural practices. Weaknesses in the concept of civilization are becoming apparent as knowledge expands. New factors to consider include the significance of the end of empire; increased attention to network dynamics as well as hierarchies; comparisons of biological equality and social inequality; the roles of commoners and local scales; the rise of global social and institutional structures; shifting balances of societies and regions; and more attention to the historical role of schooling and science.

International audience; Marxist economic theory accounts for the relationship between capitalism and violence by using the concept of primitive accumulation. This article proposes to show how this concept was constructed and developed by analysing three stages: first its initial elaboration by Karl Marx (primitive accumulation as the prehistory of capital), then a first extension by Rosa Luxemburg (primitive accumulation as a current movement of geographical extension of the logic of capital from the centre to the periphery), and finally a second extension by David Harvey (primitive accumulation as a movement of “internal” recolonisation and “accumulation by dispossession”). The article proposes to articulate these three stages on the basis of the dialectic between law and violence as problematized by the philosopher Walter Benjamin.; La théorie économique marxiste rend compte des rapports entre capitalisme et violence à l’aide notamment du concept d’accumulation primitive. Cet article se propose de montrer comment ce concept s’est construit et étoffé en analysant trois étapes : d’abord son élaboration initiale par Karl Marx (l’accumulation primitive comme préhistoire du capital), ensuite une première extension par Rosa Luxemburg (l’accumulation primitive comme mouvement actuel d’extension géographique de la logique du capital du centre vers la périphérie), et enfin une seconde extension par David Harvey (l’accumulation primitive comme mouvement de recolonisation « intérieure» et d’« accumulation par dépossession »). L’article propose d’articuler ces trois étapes à partir de la dialectique entre droit et violence telle que l’a problématisée le philosophe Walter Benjamin.

Corporate growth triggers a virtuous circle by creating economies of scale and making more financial resources available to invest in powerful differentiation policies and in growth itself. Family businesses struggle to grow and, in some industries, are replaced by larger companies. By focusing on the case of a small Italian company, this paper elucidates how small companies can target particular markets and thereby coexist with large companies, despite the latter’s economies of scale and superior capabilities. The ‘no-growth company’ avoids frontal battles with large corporations by occupying declining market segments in which large rivals no longer invest in improving their products. To seize such opportunities to gain market share with limited financial resources, the no-growth company needs to exploit available technologies and differentiate its products by combining existing functionalities or improving its product design.

This article argues that the appeal of different populist parties in the Netherlands should be understood against the backdrop of class dynamics in the Dutch economy. Changes in the structure of capital accumulation have led to a rise in precarious working conditions, and real estate increasingly functions as an investment opportunity, causing housing prices to skyrocket. The resulting political-economic crisis dynamic constitutes fruitful ground for populist opposition voices. Adopting Ernesto Laclau’s framework, the article analyzes the 2021 election programs of three populist parties to trace the contingent articulations of economic demands in wider constructions of “the people.” Radical right-wing populist parties, such as Partij voor de Vrijheid and Forum voor Democratie articulate class demands as part of broader populist projects based on xenophobic exclusions or “globalist” conspiracy theories. On the left, the Socialist Party constructs a more classical opposition between workers and capitalists. The article is theoretically innovative insofar as it shows how populist reason and contingent class dynamics can be considered from a comprehensive perspective.

Debates about employers' collective action have remained inconclusive. Historians, sociologists, and political scientists have established that neither competition between employers, nor the secretive nature of their business practices, nor their supposed individualism, prevent them from acting together or from establishing permanent organizations of various natures. The very rich literature dealing with interest groups (including organizations representing economic interests) demonstrates this fact very convincingly. For instance, Michel Pincon and Monique Pincon-Charlot (2000) have shown that when it comes to its sociabilities and its reproduction, the French bourgeoisie behaves like a “collectivist” class. Keywords: employment relations; capitalism; labor; labor unions; wages

Marxism and Social Movements: An Introduction, Colin Barker, Laurence Cox, John Krinsky and Alf Gunvald Nilsen PART 1: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS Marxism and Social Movements 1. Class-Struggle and Social Movements, Colin Barker 2. What Would a Marxist Theory of Social Movements Look Like?, Alf Gunvald Nilsen and Laurence Cox Social-Movements Studies and its Discontents 3. The Strange Disappearance of Capitalism from Social-Movement Studies, Gabriel Hetland and Jeff Goodwin 4. Marxism and the Politics of Possibility: Beyond Academic Boundaries, John Krinsky PART 2: HOW SOCIAL MOVEMENTS WORK Developmental Perspectives on Social Movements 1. Eppur Si Muove: Thinking 'The Social Movement', Laurence Cox 2. Class-Formation and the Labour-Movement in Revolutionary China, Marc Blecher 3. Contesting the Postcolonial Development-Project: A Marxist Perspective on Popular Resistance in the Narmada Valley, Alf Gunvald Nilsen The Politics of Social Movements 4. The Marxist Rank-And-File/Bureaucracy Analysis of Trade-Unionism: Some Implications for the Study of Social-Movement Organisations, Ralph Darlington 5. Defending Place, Remaking Space: Social Movements in Oaxaca and Chiapas, Chris Hesketh 6. Uneven and Combined Marxism within South Africa's Urban Social Movements, Patrick Bond, Ashwin Desai and Trevor Ngwane PART 3: SEEING THE BIGGER PICTURE Comparative-Historical Perspective 1. Thinking About (New) Social Movements: Some Insights from the British Marxist Historians, Paul Blackledge 2. Right-Wing Social Movements: The Political Indeterminacy Of Mass Mobilisation, Neil Davidson 3. Class, Caste, Colonial Rule, And Resistance: The Revolt of 1857 In India, Hira Singh 4. The Black International as Social-Movement Wave: C.L.R. James's History of Pan-African Revolt, Christian Hogsbjerg Social Movements against Neoliberalism 5. Language, Marxism and the Grasping of Policy-Agendas: Neoliberalism and Political Voice in Scotland's Poorest Communities, Chik Collins 6. Organic Intellectuals in the Australian Global-Justice Movement: The Weight of 9/11, Elizabeth Humphrys 7. 'Disorganisation' as Social-Movement Tactic: Reappropriating Politics During the Crisis of Neoliberal Capitalism, Heike Schaumberg 8. 'Unity of The Diverse': Working-Class Formations and Popular Uprisings From Cochabamba to Cairo, David McNally References

The main purpose of this study is to draw a basic framework of Spinoza’s understanding of the political economy, which is not discussed enough in the literature, and to explain whether this framework relates to a neo-liberal political economy. In this direction, the main target of the study is to reveal what the basic postulates determining Ethica of the Spinozaian political order are and whether these postulates are compatible with the so-called basic postulates of the neo-liberal market economy. The study hypothesizes that a Spinozaian economic-political order based on the priority of individual freedoms is incompatible with the main postulates of the current neo-liberal market economy., Bu çalışmanın temel amacı Spinoza’nın literatürde yeteri kadar tartışılmayan ekonomipolitik anlayışının temel çerçevesini çizerek bu çerçevenin neo-liberal ekonomi politik birdüzen ile bağının olup olmadığını açıklayabilmektir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmanın temel hedefi Spinozyen ekonomi-politik bir düzenin Etika’sını belirleyen temel postulatların nelerolduğunu ve bu postulatların günümüz neo-liberal piyasa ekonomisinin sözüm ona temel postulatları ile bağdaşıp bağdaşmadığını açığa çıkarabilmektir. Çalışmada ileri sürülentemel hipotez; Spinoza’nın insan özgürlüğü üzerine inşa ettiği ekonomik-politik bir düzenin günümüz neo-liberal piyasa ekonomisinin dayattığı postulatlarla bağdaşan bir yönününolmadığıdır.

Germany has one of the highest levels of wealth concentration of any Western capitalist country. Research on the legitimization of economic inequality highlights that wealth elites tend to stress meritocratic arguments for legitimizing elite positions and wealth accumulation. However, whether this is also the case for wealthy business owners and how the media tends to portray those remains largely unknown. Drawing on a unique sample of 899 press articles from eight different media outlets between 2014 and 2018, we find a rather generous media debate. Based on descriptive evidence and a latent class analysis, we identify six latent frames illustrating how wealthy business owners are portrayed in the press. We show that the sources of wealth (inheritance, investment, entrepreneurship) are often used to highlight these owners’ deep economic relevance to the German economy, while the use of wealth is predominantly framed as a mean for profit-seeking. For wealthy business owners, moral evaluation of personal conduct is less present in the media and, when it is present, is rarely negative. Our study is the first analysis of press coverage of the wealthiest German business owners indicating a legitimizing media debate of high wealth concentration in an advanced capitalist society.

Since the publication in 1973 of Dorothy Thomson’s seminal book Adam Smith’s Daughters, the literature on women’s contribution to the economic thought has grown exponentially. Despite these recent publications, the specificities of the French context and the historical contributions of female thinkers to French economic thought have been rarely studied. The aim of this paper is to analyze the contribution of Flora Tristan, Julie-Victoire Daubié and Clémence Royer to economic debates in nineteenth-century France. These three case studies offer insight into the neglect of female thinkers in the history of economic thought. In line with previous publications, we explore the border of the definition of economics by focusing on the nineteenth-century French context. We then propose some explanations for their exclusion from the field of economics. Depuis la publication en 1973 du livre de Dorothy Thomson Adam Smith’s Daughters, la littérature sur la contribution des femmes à la pensée économique a augmenté de façon exponentielle. Malgré ces publications récentes, les spécificités du contexte français et la contribution historique des femmes à la pensée économique française ont été rarement étudiées. L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser les contributions de Flora Tristan, Julie-Victoire Daubié et Clémence Royer aux débats économiques dans la France du dix-neuvième siècle. Ces trois études de cas éclairent les raisons de l’oubli des femmes dans l’histoire de la pensée économique. Dans la lignée des publications précédentes sur le sujet, nous explorons la frontière définissant les sciences économiques dans le contexte français du dix-neuvième siècle. Nous proposons des explications pour l’exclusion des femmes du champ des sciences économiques.

This paper explores the “new social movement” features of the Argentinean, Chilean, and Uruguayan student movements of the late 1800s and early 1900s. In doing so, it wrestles with two questions. First, why do such features, widely associated with post-industrial societies, appear at this relatively early stage of capitalist development? Second, what does their presence at that time suggest about the explanatory power of new social movement theory? The paper agrees with new social movement theorists’ contention that capitalism shapes the character of social movements but argues that the focus of the analysis should not be on development stages but rather on the impact of rapid global market integration processes, which have occurred at different times since the rise of capitalism. Such an approach illuminates why capitalist development may yield similar collective action patterns across different historical periods. Este ensayo explora las características de nuevos movimientos sociales de los movimientos estudiantiles en Argentina, Chile y Uruguay durante el “largo” siglo diecinueve. El artículo explora dos preguntas. ¿Por qué características asociadas a la acción colectiva del capitalismo postindustrial aparecen en los albores del capitalismo? ¿Que sugiere dicha presencia respecto del poder explicativo de la teoría de nuevos movimientos sociales? El ensayo argumenta que el valor de la Teoría de Nuevos Movimientos Sociales radica no solo en su énfasis en aspectos cultures e identitarios como otros han notado, sino también en su análisis de los efectos del desarrollo del capitalismo en los movimientos sociales. Sin embargo, el articulo propone que dichos análisis más que enforcarse en la noción de etapas capitalistas debe enforcarse en procesos de globalización, los cuales han ocurrido en diversos momentos de desarrollo capitalista. El articulo sugiere que dicha aproximación ilumina cuando y porque el desarrollo capitalista resulta en patrones de acción colectiva similares a través del tiempo. &nbsp

U ovom radu analiziram pojam realnosti, utjecaj medija na percepciju i njihovu međusobnu povezanost na osnovi shvaćanja francuskog filozofa Jeana Baurillarda. Njegov je rad iznimno važan za raščlambu utjecaja masovnih komunikacija, ali i same (predodžbe) realnosti. I to s obzirom da se smatra začetnikom simulacijske teorije budući da tvrdi da su znakovi naslijedili realnost odnosno da je naše iskustvo puka simulacija (stvarnosti). Prvo poglavlje sam posvetila samom fenomenu postmodernosti koji predstavlja novo povijesno razdoblje koje odmjenjuje epohu modernosti. Namjera mi je bila približiti njen fenomen koji se javlja u korak s globalizacijom i tehnološkim razvitkom te širi svoj utjecaj na polja od arhitekture do filozofije i medija. Umjesto na klase, stavlja prvenstveno naglasak na pitanje identiteta i njegove reprezentacije. Zatim se osvrćem na razvoj Baudrillardovog postmodernog mišljenja. Baudrillard je od zagovornika marksističke teorije prešao na njenog oštrog kritičara. Francuski filozof na temelju strukturalističkih teza, koje ne izostavlja od kritike, iznosi svoju inačicu. Potom sam navela Baudrillardove teze koje se prvenstveno odnose na njegovu medijsku kritiku, među kojima je glavna ta da mediji tvore svijet simulacije tvorbom znakova. Zatim sam dublje ušla u polje znaka, koje je prema Baudrillardu nerazdvojivo od ideologije. U tom sam dijelu prikazala kako je upravo znak taj koji ima presudnu ulogu u potrošnji, a ne ˝korisnost˝ kako je to Marx tvrdio. No on ne umanjuje vrijednost robe, tvrdeći da se tek kroz nju ostvaruje kao medij društvene razmjene. Iz tih razloga on predviđa nastanak političke ekonomije koja objedinjuje robu i znak u jedan ´kod´ te koja ima presudnu ulogu u upravljanju nad ´realnim´. Nakon toga započinje treće poglavlje u kojem je središnje pitanje Baudrillardova teorija simulacije. Prikazala sam koje su njene glave postavke, i sam razvoj te teorije kroz prijašnja razdoblja od renesanse do danas. Od tri navedena simulakruma, posebno sam se osvrnula na onaj treći koji je i posljednji te se odnosi na naše doba. Nakon što sam navela primjere simulacije, osvrnula sam se na ulogu medija u konstruiranju simulacije počevši od Baudrillardove kritike samog učinka i forme medija koja ´onemogućuje odgovor´. Posebno sam se osvrnula na njegovu reinterpretaciju MacLuhanove teze ´Medij je poruka´, nadograđujući njeno značenje u suvremenom kontekstu rastuće umjetne inteligencije. Zatim sam pokušala kroz Baudrillarda odgovoriti na pitanje jesu li mediji žrtve simulacije ili su pak njeni saučesnici? Pred kraj sam razmortila koncept kraja povijesti u kojem Baudrillard iznosi jedne od svojih posljednjih teza. Na samom kraju sam iznijela svoj zaključak svega navedenog., In this thesis, I analyze the concept of reality, the influence of the media on perception and their mutual connection based on the understanding of the French philosopher Jean Baurilard. His work is extremely important for analyzing the influence of mass communications, but also the concept of reality. He is considered as the originator of simulation theory since he claims that signs have inherited reality, that our experience is a mere simulation (of reality). I dedicated the first chapter to the very phenomenon of postmodernity, which represents a new historical period that replaces the era of modernity. My intention was to approach its phenomenon, which appears to keep peace with globalization and technological development and spreads its influence on fields from architecture to philosophy and the media. Instead of class, it primarily emphasizes the issue of identity and its representation. Then I emphasize the development of Baudrillard's postmodern thinking. Baudrillard went from being an advocate of Marxist theory to its harsh critic. He based his theory on structuralist theses, which are not exempt from criticism. Then I listed Baudrillard's theses, which are primarily related to his media criticism, the main one being that the media create a world of simulation by creating signs. In regards to that I delved deeper into the field of signs, which according to Baudrillard is inseparable from ideology. In that part, I showed that it is precisely the sign that plays a decisive role in consumption, and not `utility' as Marx claimed. However, he does not diminish the value of the commodity, claiming that it is realized only through it as a medium of social exchange. For these reasons, he predicts the emergence of a political economy that unites goods and signs into one 'code' and which plays a decisive role in the management of the 'real'. After that, the third chapter begins, in which the central question of Baudrillard's simulation theory is discussed. I have shown what are its main assumptions, and the very development of that theory through previous periods from the Renaissance to the present day. Of the three mentioned simulacrums, I particularly referred to the third one, which is also the last one and refers to our era. After giving examples of simulation, I referred to the role of the media in constructing the simulation, starting with Baudrillard's critique of the effect itself and the form of the media that 'prevents the answer'. I particularly focused on his reinterpretation of MacLuhan's thesis ´The medium is the message´, building on its meaning in the contemporary context of growing artificial intelligence. Then, through Baudrillard, I tried to answer the question whether the media are victims of simulation or are they its accomplices? Before the end, I consider the concept of the end of history in which Baudrillard presents one of his last theses. At the very end, I presented my conclusion to all of the above.

Resumo Neste artigo é analisado o surgimento da População em Situação de Rua (PSR) no século XIX, a partir das investigações históricas de Karl Marx e Friedrich Engels. Em seguida, examina-se a relação da PSR com as crises econômicas do modo de produção capitalista, desde o século XIX até hoje, com base nos estudos de István Mészáros sobre a tendência incontrolável de autorreprodução destrutiva do capital. Por fim, apresenta-se um breve retrato histórico da origem da PSR no contexto brasileiro por meio de compilação de estudos críticos do campo das Ciências Humanas, sobretudo do Serviço Social. Este artigo se desdobra de duas pesquisas em andamento, e consiste em uma investigação qualitativa de cunho teórico realizada por meio de revisão bibliográfica sistemática nos autores clássicos e contemporâneos do marxismo. Como resultado desta pesquisa, concluiu-se que a PSR é um problema estrutural do capital, cuja efetiva superação depende do desenvolvimento de medidas anticapitalistas. Abstract This article analyzes the emergence of the homeless in the 19th century, based on the historical research of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. It then examines the relation of homeless to the economic crises of the capitalist mode of production, from the 19th century until today, based on István Mészáros studies on capital's uncontrollable destructive self-reproducing tendency. Finally, it brings a brief historical portrait of the origin of homeless in the Brazilian context by compiling critical studies from the field of Human Sciences, especially Social Service. This article is an offshoot of two ongoing research projects, and consists of a qualitative investigation of a theoretical nature carried out through a systematic bibliographic review of classical and contemporary Marxist authors. As a result of this research, it was concluded that homeless is a structural problem of capital, whose effective overcoming depends on the development of anti-capitalist measures.

Resumo Diversas teorias do reconhecimento desenvolvidas desde o pioneirismo de Hegel têm na família a esfera primeira de reconhecimento do sujeito. Em Hegel, nas esferas de reprodução social - família, sociedade civil e Estado - se dão também os modos de reconhecimento. Para George Herbert Mead, tais lócus de reconhecimento são as relações primárias, as jurídicas e a esfera do trabalho. Honneth, considerando as esferas das relações primárias, das relações jurídicas e da comunidade de valores, entende que na primeira, que envolve amor e amizade, se inicia o reconhecimento. Este trabalho se dedica à esfera das relações primárias, entrelaçando desamparo e reconhecimento no capitalismo. Partindo de Honneth, observa que a teoria normativa desse autor não dá conta da dinâmica capitalista, na qual amor e amizade se misturam com processos de não reconhecimento e analisa como a categoria família participa do processo de não reconhecimento via responsabilização social dessa pelas crises inerentes ao sistema. Abstract Several theories of recognition developed since the pioneering work of Hegel have the family as the primary sphere of recognition. In Hegel, social reproduction spheres - family, civil society and the State - are also spheres of recognition. For George Herbert Mead, such locus of recognition are primary relationships, juridical relations and work. Honneth, considering the spheres of primary relationships, juridical relations and community of values, understands that is in the first one, which involves love and friendship, that recognition begins. Thus, this work is dedicated to the sphere of the primary relationships analyzing helplessness and recognition in capitalism. Honneth's theory is normative and it does not reach the capitalist dynamics, in which love and friendship merge with processes of non-recognition. This paper analyses how the family category participates in the non-recognition process once it is accused of being responsible for the capitalism crises.

Resumo Este trabalho objetiva analisar o papel exercido pelo cárcere e o encarceramento de mulheres considerando as conformações do sistema hetero-patriarcal-racista-capitalista implementado no Brasil. A metodologia consistiu em estudo bibliográfico e documental, sendo que os resultados mostraram que os estabelecimentos prisionais se constituíram em tecnologias repressivas utilizadas para a formação e a consolidação do projeto de nação branca, classista, racista e sexista, como forma de atendimento às demandas de estruturação e desenvolvimento do capitalismo. Em tempos de fragilização dos vínculos trabalhistas e de uberização do trabalho o cárcere tem assumido um papel proeminente na gestão da pobreza por meio da violência, repressão e segregação, aprofundando as expressões da questão social decorrentes de desemprego, pobreza e insegurança alimentar que afetam mais efetivamente as famílias monoparentais chefiadas por mulheres, sobretudo, mulheres negras moradoras das periferias urbanas. Abstract The work entitled “The incarceration of women in Brazilian dependent and peripheral capitalism” aims to analyze the role played by the prison and the incarceration of women considering the conformations of the hetero-patriarchal-racist-capitalist system implemented in Brazil. The methodology consisted of a bibliographic and documentary study, and the results showed that the prisons constituted repressive technologies used for the formation and consolidation of the project of a white, classist, racist and sexist nation, as a way of meeting the demands of structuring and development of capitalism. In times of weakening labor ties and uberization of work, the prison has assumed a prominent role in the management of poverty through violence, repression and segregation, deepening the expressions of the social issue arising from unemployment, poverty and food insecurity that affect more effectively single-parent families headed by women, especially black women living in urban peripheries.

Objective/Context: This study has two main goals. First, it explores the structural and organizational dynamics of the textile industry and the market in early modern India, eighteenth-century Gujarat in particular. In this context, the paper also examines how the ascendancy of the English East India Company in the political economy of Western India and the region’s transition to a colonial economy impacted the industry, the market, and the relationship between weavers and merchants. Methodology: This paper draws on the literature on textile production and trade, as well as on capitalism in early modern and colonial India, and uses evidence about Gujarat from the records of the English and Dutch East India Companies. Originality: This paper argues that the relationship between weavers and merchants in Surat/Gujarat was dynamic, complementary, and at times, contentious. None of them was able to dominate the relationship, and the English East India Company could not substitute a coercion-based production relation for a market-based one. Conclusions: The dynamics—such as product specialization and innovation, division of labor, the contract system, and forward buying—point to the existence of commercial capitalism in the textile economy. The paper also argues that because of the extraordinary diversity of people engaged in the industry and their varying professional and transactional experiences, it is relevant to recognize that commercial capitalism represents a mode of production that co-existed with others in the economy. Objetivo/Contexto: Este estudio tiene dos objetivos principales. Primero, se explora la dinámica estructural y organizativa de la industria textil y el mercado en la India moderna temprana, en particular en el Gujarat del siglo xviii. En este contexto, también se examina cómo impactaron el mercado y la relación entre tejedores y comerciantes tanto la ascendencia de la Compañía Inglesa de las Indias Orientales en la economía política de la India occidental como la transición de la región a una economía colonial. Metodología: Este trabajo se basa en la literatura sobre la producción y el comercio textil, así como sobre el capitalismo en la India moderna y la colonia temprana, y utiliza evidencias sobre Gujarat de los registros de las Compañías de las Indias Orientales inglesa y holandesa. Originalidad: Se sostiene que la relación entre tejedores y comerciantes en Surat/Gujarat fue dinámica, complementaria y, en ocasiones, contenciosa. Ninguno de ellos dominó la relación, y la Compañía Inglesa de las Indias Orientales no pudo sustituir una relación de producción basada en la coerción por otra basada en el mercado. Conclusiones: Las dinámicas —como la especialización e innovación de productos, la división del trabajo, el sistema de contratos y las compras a plazo— apuntan a la existencia de un capitalismo comercial en la economía textil. El artículo también sostiene que, debido a la extraordinaria diversidad de personas que trabajaban en la industria y a sus distintas experiencias profesionales y transaccionales, es relevante reconocer que el capitalismo comercial representa un modo de producción que coexistió con otros en la economía. Objetivo/Contexto: este estudo tem dois objetivos principais. Primeiro, ele explora a dinâmica estrutural e organizacional da indústria e do mercado têxtil no início da Índia moderna, particularmente em Gujarat no século 18. Nesse contexto, ele também examina como o mercado e a relação entre tecelões e comerciantes impactaram tanto a ascendência da Companhia Inglesa das Índias Orientais na economia política da Índia Ocidental quanto a transição da região para uma economia colonial. Metodologia: este artigo baseia-se na literatura sobre produção e comércio de têxteis, bem como sobre o capitalismo na Índia moderna e no início da colônia, e usa evidências sobre Gujarat dos registros das Companhias das Índias Orientais inglesa e holandesa. Originalidade: argumenta-se que a relação entre tecelões e comerciantes em Surat/Gujarat era dinâmica, complementar e, às vezes, contenciosa. Nenhum deles dominava a relação, e a Companhia das Índias Orientais inglesa não conseguiu substituir uma relação de produção baseada na coerção por uma baseada no mercado. Conclusões: a dinâmica — como a especialização e a inovação de produtos, a divisão do trabalho, o sistema de contratos e as compras a prazo — aponta para a existência do capitalismo comercial na economia têxtil. O artigo também argumenta que, devido à extraordinária diversidade de pessoas que trabalhavam no setor e suas diferentes experiências profissionais e transacionais, é relevante reconhecer que o capitalismo comercial representa um modo de produção que coexistia com outros na economia.

Objective/Context: The purpose of this article is first to contextualize the concept of the “Global South.” Then, we offer an overview of classical and new historiographies of capitalism(s) of the “Global South.” We focus on works that examine the period between roughly the 10th and 19th centuries, and further explain how we understand and periodize capitalism. Lastly, we introduce the contributions to this special issue. Methodology: This review is based on a holistic and non-Eurocentric Marxian approach, emphasizing the importance of both internal and external factors, global entanglements and uneven development when studying regional dynamics. We also underline the relevance of both connections and comparisons in understanding and analyzing the genesis and rise of global capitalism(s). In other words, we highlight multifaceted forces at work that may be conceived of in terms of a global dialectical conjuncture. Originality: This is one of the few existing articles that pulls together and briefly outlines the different existing trends in writing the histories of capitalism(s) in the “Global South” before the advent of the 20th century. We discuss developments in China, India, the “Islamicate” world, Latin America, the relationship between modern plantation slavery and capitalism as well the “Great Divergence” debate. In doing so, we identify a “global turn” in recent historiographies of capitalism(s). Conclusions: We suggest that the prevalent binary narratives —either embracing or rejecting the (pre-)capitalist nature of societies, commercial practices and production sites in the “Global South”—do not do justice to the complexity of historical dynamics. Furthermore, many studies lack nuances and do not adequately consider multilinear processes, entanglements between the local and global and shifting multipolar centers of development. More often than not, academics also neglect spatio-temporal specificities, transitional periods between —or the hybrid coexistence of— different modes of production, that is, developments which should neither be reduced to predominantly capitalist nor pre-capitalist relations, processes and structures. We also argue that a return to the concept of totality helps to transcend the oversimplified assumptions and analyses of dominant historical accounts. Objetivo/Contexto: Con este articulo tenemos varios propósitos. El primero, es contextualizar el concepto de “Sur Global”. Luego, señalamos algunos elementos claves de las historiografías clásicas y recientes sobre los capitalismos del “Sur Global” entre los siglos x y xix aproximadamente, y explicamos en detalle cómo entendemos y periodizamos el capitalismo. Por último, presentamos las contribuciones de este dossier. Metodología: Esta revisión historiográfica tiene un enfoque marxista, holístico y no eurocéntrico, que reconoce la importancia de analizar factores internos y externos, entrecruzamientos globales, desigualdades regionales, conexiones y posibles comparaciones, —o lo que podemos llamar coyuntura dialéctica global— en el estudio de las dinámicas regionales en el surgimiento y ascenso de los capitalismos globales. Originalidad: Este es uno de los pocos artículos que reúne varias de las diferentes miradas sobre las historias de(los) capitalismo(s) surgidos en el “Sur Global” antes del siglo xx. Analizamos la evolución del capitalismo en China, India, las regiones con mayorías musulmanas, y América Latina, así como la relación entre el capitalismo y la esclavitud moderna de las plantaciones, y el debate sobre la “Gran Divergencia”. Al hacerlo, encontramos evidente un “giro global” en las recientes historiografías del capitalismo. Conclusiones: Sugerimos que las narrativas binarias predominantes — que aceptan o rechazan la naturaleza (pre)capitalista de las sociedades del “Sur Global”, así como de sus prácticas comerciales y de sus lugares de producción— no hacen justicia a la complejidad de las dinámicas históricas, y de las coyunturas globales. Muchos estudios carecen de matices y no consideran adecuadamente procesos multilineales, entrecruzamientos complejos entre lo local y lo global, y cambios en los centros multipolares de desarrollo socioeconómico. Con frecuencia, los académicos ignoran también, las especificidades espaciotemporales y los periodos transicionales o de coexistencia entre modos de producción, que no pueden reducirse a relaciones, procesos y estructuras capitalistas o precapitalistas únicamente. También argumentamos que volver a una concepción de totalidad ayuda a superar los supuestos y los análisis excesivamente simplificados de los relatos históricos dominantes. Objetivo/Contexto: com este artigo, temos vários objetivos. O primeiro é contextualizar o conceito de “Sul global”. Em seguida, apontamos alguns elementos-chave das historiografias clássicas e recentes sobre os capitalismos do “Sul global” entre os séculos 10 e 19, aproximadamente, e explicamos detalhadamente sobre como entendemos e periodizamos o capitalismo. Por fim, apresentamos as contribuições deste dossiê. Metodologia: esta revisão historiográfica adota uma abordagem marxista, holística e não eurocêntrica, reconhecendo a importância de analisar fatores internos e externos, interseções globais, desigualdades regionais, conexões e possíveis comparações, o que podemos chamar conjuntura dialética global, ao estudar a dinâmica regional no surgimento e na ascensão dos capitalismos globais. Originalidade: este é um dos poucos artigos que reúne várias das diferentes visões sobre as histórias do(s) capitalismo(s) que surgiram no “Sul global” antes do século 20. Analisamos a evolução do capitalismo na China, na Índia, nas regiões de maioria muçulmana e na América Latina, bem como a relação entre o capitalismo e a escravidão moderna nas plantações, e o debate sobre a “Grande divergência”. Ao fazer isso, consideramos evidente uma “virada global” nas historiografias recentes do capitalismo. Conclusões: sugerimos que as narrativas binárias predominantes — aceitar ou rejeitar a natureza (pré)capitalista das sociedades do “Sul global”, bem como suas práticas comerciais e locais de produção — não fazem justiça à complexidade das dinâmicas históricas e das conjunturas globais. Muitos estudos carecem de nuances e não consideram adequadamente os processos multilineares, as complexas interligações entre o local e o global, e as mudanças nos centros multipolares de desenvolvimento socioeconômico. Com frequência, os estudiosos também ignoram as especificidades espaço-temporais e os períodos de transição ou a coexistência entre os modos de produção, que não podem ser reduzidos apenas às relações, aos processos e às estruturas capitalistas ou pré-capitalistas. Também argumentamos que o retorno a uma concepção de totalidade ajuda a superar as suposições e análises excessivamente simplificadas das narrativas históricas dominantes.

Objective/Context: The paper provides a comprehensive overview of Latin American mining history, exploring cross-pollination opportunities between mining historians and scholars of the emerging field of the new history of capitalism. The analysis spans from the region’s integration into global markets during the 1500s to the twilight of export-led growth in the early twentieth century. Methodology: The study builds on an overview of both classic and contemporary literature, offering new insights into understanding existing data on mining history within a global context. By incorporating perspectives from geology, ecology, and economics, the article investigates the connections between specific mineral deposits and different paths of capitalistic development across Latin America. Originality: The paper sketches some of the gaps in the analysis of global and local flows of minerals and comments on notable contributions to the broader field of Latin American history. It introduces innovative approaches for the study of output cycles, geological and ecological endowments, technological spillovers, and mining economics. Conclusions: First, the existing literature has predominantly focused on precious metals, with few scholars studying non-precious metals and non-metallic minerals. Second, the narratives surrounding mining history have been primarily centered on silver, overshadowing the significance of bimetallism in understanding the emergence of global capitalism. Thirdly, examining the microeconomic dynamics of mining in the region may present fresh opportunities to explore the impact of mining on sectoral and managerial transformations. Finally, studies of the two-way interaction of capitalism and mining need to include research on the energy and environmental systems that underpinned mineral extraction and production. Objetivo/Contexto: El objetivo de este trabajo es ofrecer una visión global de la historia de la minería latinoamericana, explorando las oportunidades de diálogo entre historiadores de la minería y especialistas del campo emergente de la nueva historia del capitalismo. El análisis abarca la integración de la región en los mercados mundiales durante el siglo xvi hasta el declive del crecimiento impulsado por las exportaciones a principios del siglo xx. Metodología: El estudio se basa en una panorámica de la literatura clásica y contemporánea, que ofrece nuevas perspectivas para entender los datos existentes sobre la historia de la minería dentro de un contexto global. Al incorporar perspectivas de la geología, la ecología y la economía, se investigan las conexiones entre yacimientos minerales específicos y las diversas trayectorias del desarrollo capitalista a través de América Latina. Originalidad: Se abordan algunos de los vacíos existentes en el análisis de los flujos globales y locales de minerales y se destacan notables contribuciones al campo más amplio de la historia latinoamericana. Se presentan enfoques innovadores para el estudio de los ciclos de producción, los recursos geológicos y ecológicos, los desbordamientos tecnológicos y la economía minera. Conclusiones: En primer lugar, la bibliografía existente se ha centrado predominantemente en los metales preciosos, y son pocos los especialistas que estudian metales no preciosos y minerales no metálicos. En segundo lugar, la narrativa en torno a la historia de la minería se ha centrado en gran medida en la plata, eclipsando la importancia del bimetalismo para comprender el surgimiento del capitalismo global. En tercer lugar, el examen de la dinámica microeconómica de la minería en la región puede ofrecer nuevas oportunidades para explorar el impacto de la minería en las transformaciones sectoriales y empresariales. Por último, la investigación sobre la relación recíproca entre capitalismo y minería debería incorporar investigaciones sobre los sistemas energéticos y medioambientales que sustentaron la extracción y producción de minerales. Objetivo/contexto: o objetivo deste artigo é fornecer uma visão global da história da mineração na América Latina, explorando oportunidades de diálogo entre historiadores da mineração e especialistas no campo emergente da nova história do capitalismo. A análise abrange a integração da região aos mercados mundiais durante o século 16 até o declínio do crescimento liderado pelas exportações no início do século 20. Metodologia: o estudo baseia-se em uma visão geral da literatura clássica e contemporânea, que oferece novas perspectivas para a compreensão dos dados existentes sobre a história da mineração em um contexto global. Ao incorporar perspectivas da geologia, ecologia e economia, são investigadas as conexões entre depósitos minerais específicos e as diversas trajetórias de desenvolvimento capitalista na América Latina. Originalidade: são abordadas algumas das lacunas existentes na análise dos fluxos minerais globais e locais e destaca contribuições notáveis para o campo mais amplo da história da América Latina. São apresentadas abordagens inovadoras para o estudo dos ciclos de produção, dos recursos geológicos e ecológicos, das repercussões tecnológicas e da economia da mineração. Conclusões: em primeiro lugar, a literatura existente tem se concentrado predominantemente em metais preciosos, com poucos acadêmicos estudando metais não preciosos e minerais não metálicos. Em segundo lugar, a narrativa sobre a história da mineração tem se concentrado em grande parte na prata, ofuscando a importância do bimetalismo na compreensão do surgimento do capitalismo global. Terceiro, o exame da dinâmica microeconômica da mineração na região pode oferecer novas oportunidades para explorar o impacto da mineração nas transformações setoriais e corporativas. Por fim, a pesquisa sobre a relação recíproca entre capitalismo e mineração deve incorporar investigações sobre os sistemas energéticos e ambientais que sustentaram a extração e a produção mineral.

Dans son roman, Danse, danse, danse publié en 1988, Murakami Haruki dessine la vie des citadins dans une société de consommation, gouvernée par un système capitaliste hautement raffiné, dans les années 1980 au Japon. Le narrateur vit à Tokyo, et effectue deux voyages : l’un à Sapporo à Hokkaïdo (nord), l’autre à Honolulu à Hawaii (sud). Ces deux villes, très contrastées des points de vue géographique et historique, sont des lieux touristiques très prisés par les Japonais à cette époque. Mais le regard critique du narrateur révèle un état ou un processus de transformation de ces villes, causé par le système capitaliste. Et, c’est là où le narrateur rencontre un phénomène mystérieux, et trouve des indices pour la résolution du mystère de la disparition de son ex-petite-amie, Kiki. La quête sur sa disparition est aussi, pour le héros, le deuil du passé et la recherche d’une nouvelle vie. En analysant les passages de ce déplacement, nous montrons combien ces villes sont indissociables du thème du roman. The cities in Dance, Dance, Dance of Murakami Haruki - The privileged meeting places. In his novel, Dance Dance Dance published in 1988, Murakami Haruki describes the way of life of the city-dweller in a very sophisticated capitalist society in the 1980’s in Japan. The narrator lives in Tokyo, and makes two trips: one is to Sapporo in Hokkaidô (North), the other to Honolulu in Hawaii (South). The two cities, contrasted by their geographical and historical viewpoints, were popular tourist destinations for the Japanese, during that period. But the critical view of the narrator reveals the transformational state or process of these two cities, caused by the capitalist system. And, it is there where the narrator meets a mysterious phenomenon and finds the reasons for the mysterious disappearance of his ex-girlfriend, Kiki. The search for her is, for the hero, the turning-point of his past and the starting-point for his new life. By analyzing the passage of these travels, we demonstrate how these cities are indissociable from the theme of this novel.

How does an Amazonian population living at the margins of the globalized economy envision its involvement in the capitalist market? In this article, we examine the entrepreneurial perspectives expressed by leaders of the Ecuadorian Shuar of Transkutukú. Leaders place their hope in the pursuit of entrepreneurialism as a way to guarantee domestic and ethnic self-determination. This reflexive process is encapsulated by the local formula of “inculturating the market”, which promotes production, profit, and personal accumulation. Sorcery, motivated by envy, is identified by the villagers as the main obstacle to the desired economic progress.

The Wire (Skrivna naveza) je ameriška kriminalna dramska serija, sestavljena iz petih sezon, ki so se na kabelski mreži HBO predvajale od leta 2002 do 2008. Serija se odvija v ameriškem mestu Baltimore in se v začetku nastavi kot klasična kriminalna/policijska serija (kot so CSI, Hawaii Five-O, NCIS, Law & Order, Criminal Minds itd.). Toda The Wire izstopi iz parametrov svojega žanra in poleg kriminalnih organizacij, policije in sodišč pod drobnogled vzame še mnoge druge institucije mesta, kot so sindikati, politični sistemi, šolstvo, medijske hiše, zapori ipd. Serija se v petih sezonah loteva raznih problematik, ki pestijo Baltimore (revščina, kriminal, korupcija, droge in vojna proti drogam, propadajoča industrija, brezdomstvo …) ter realistično skozi zgodbe in doživljanja fikcijskih likov uprizarja delovanje Baltimora in njegovih podsistemov. Serija s kompleksno naracijo izostri nekatere nevralgične točke poznega ameriškega kapitalizma ter spodletelih politik, ki jih ZDA prakticirajo zadnjih nekaj desetletij (neoliberalne politike in krčenje socialnega varstva, vojna proti drogam, vojna proti terorizmu …). V diplomski nalogi analiziram serijo The Wire s perspektive socioloških tez, ki jih podaja. The Wire is an American crime drama series, comprised of five seasons that aired on cable network HBO from 2002 to 2008. The series is set in the American city of Baltimore and in its beginning presents itself as a classic crime/cop show (to the likes of CSI, Hawaii Five-O, NCIS, Law & Order, Criminal Minds etc.). However, The Wire steps out of the parameters of its genre and aside from criminal institutions, the police department and courts, also examines many other institutions of the city, such as unions, political systems, schools, media houses, prisons etc. Through its five seasons the series touches on different issues that trouble the city of Baltimore (poverty, crime, corruption, drugs and the war on drugs, collapsing industry, homelessness…) and in a realistic way through storylines and lives of fictional characters portrays the workings of Baltimore and its subsystems. The Wire uses a complex narration to pinpoint some of the neuralgic points of late American capitalism and failed policies, which USA has been practicing for the last couple of decades (neoliberal policies and shrinking of social security, war on drugs, war on terror…). In my dissertation, I analyze The Wire from the perspective of sociological theses which the series displays.

This article is a critique of Nairobi city’s socio-political histories as portrayed in Kenyan literary works of the 1970s, focusing on Mwangi Gicheru’s Across the Bridge (1979), Charles Mangua’s Son of Woman (1971), Meja Mwangi’s Going Down River Road (1976) and The Cockroach Dance (1979). The article conveys insights on urban castaways by reading the city as a canvas onto which novels reconfigure the nation’s histories that feature through various characters who impress their hopes, aspirations, desires upon a city that is indifferent to them. It engages with Nairobi castaways’ fictional realities but links them to Nairobi’s social histories. The focus is on slum demolitions, the persistence of colonial vagrancy laws, which also informs state operatives’ insistence on expelling Nairobi castaways from slums for them to return to their presumed ancestral homes in rural areas. The demolitions and expulsions appear a simplistic way to navigate city aesthetics, to tackle congestion and crime. The article advances the argument that the plight and persecution of Nairobi castaways as portrayed in the selected literary works and in reality is exacerbated by the Kenyan government’s historically uncritical adoption of neo-liberal capitalism, an offshoot of colonial capitalism. Indeed, the selected novels reveals the novelists’ critical assessment and exposure of the underlying exploitations of marginalised urbanites by both local and foreign neoliberal capitalists.

[spa] El propósito de este estudio es analizar la pieza audiotextual, Nana de esta pequeña era de María Salgado y Fran MM Cabeza de Vaca, desde la consideración del carácter intermedial en que se articula y la dimensión política que la atraviesa. El estudio parte de una descripción de los marcos contextuales de la producción de la pieza; pasa después a detenerse en los modos de inversión del género, en el sentido de que la nana no trata en este caso de inducir al sueño sino al despertar, sin perderse al mismo tiempo el carácter ambivalente de las nanas, que consiste en conjurar el miedo convocándolo; finaliza con una reflexión acerca de los efectos de sentido que promueve un sintagma como 'pequeña era' para definir una época como esta. Reflexiones puntuales de Gilles Deleuze (sobre el ritornello) y Jean-Luc Nancy (sobre el murmullo) servirán para apoyar algunas de las ideas de este estudio., [eng] The purpose of this study is to analyze the audiotext piece, Nana de esta pequeña era by María Salgado and Fran MM Cabeza de Vaca, from the consideration of the intermedial character in which it is articulated, and the political dimension that runs through it. The study starts from a description of the contextual frameworks of the production of the piece; then it goes on to dwell on the modes of inversion of the genre, in the sense that the lullaby does not try in this case to induce sleep but rather to awaken, without losing at the same time the ambivalent character of lullabies, which consists of warding off fear by summoning him, as in the Nana de Sevilla by García Lorca and La Argentinita that this Nana rewrites. The essay ends with a reflection on the effects of meaning that promotes a syntagm like "little era" to define a time like this. Specific reflections by Gilles Deleuze (on the ritornello) and by Jean-Luc Nancy (on the murmur) will serve to support some of the ideas of this study.

En esta contribución se analizan films producidos por Disney, que encabezan la nómina de historietas desplegadas en el celuloide. Esta particular fuente de dibujos animados, expuestos en la pantalla y que alcanzaría amplia difusión, ha de ilustrarnos sobre la representación del gaucho de las pampas argentinas por parte de la visión estadounidense, en instancias que aspiraba alcanzar su hegemonía mundial. Al mismo tiempo, en razón a que estas proyecciones iban destinadas principalmente a la población infantil, se considera la concepción de la infancia en la época y la generación de espacios recreativos, no sólo como ámbitos de socialización, sino como facilitadores de la transmisión de principios y valores culturales. This contribution analyzes films produced by Disney, which top the list of comics displayed on celluloid. This particular source of cartoons, exhibited on the screen and that would reach wide dissemination, has to illustrate the representation of the gaucho of the Argentine pampas by the estadounidense vision, in instances that aspired to achieve its world hegemony. At the same time, because these projections were intended mainly for the child population, the conception of childhood at the time and the generation of recreational spaces are considered, not only as areas of socialization, but as facilitators of the transmission of cultural principles and values.

How does an Amazonian population living at the margins of the globalized economy envision its involvement in the capitalist market? In this article, we examine the entrepreneurial perspectives expressed by leaders of the Ecuadorian Shuar of Transkutukú. Leaders place their hope in the pursuit of entrepreneurialism as a way to guarantee domestic and ethnic self-determination. This reflexive process is encapsulated by the local formula of “inculturating the market”, which promotes production, profit, and personal accumulation. Sorcery, motivated by envy, is identified by the villagers as the main obstacle to the desired economic progress.

Dans une planète abîmée par les humains et sous l’emprise du capitalisme globalisé, les mondes préservés des transformations modernes ont disparu. L’intensification du capitalisme se heurte cependant à d’autres obstacles que ceux que lui opposent la nature et le pouvoir (celui de l’État comme de la résistance militante). Ces étranges points de butée de la dynamique de l’accumulation, c’est la part sauvage du capitalisme, où la richesse produite n’est pas domestiquée pour accroître son rendement en vue de l’accumulation, mais captée pour alimenter des formes de vie sociale différentes. Le sauvage est le pôle d’une relation d’altérité au capitalisme devenu une ressource, parfois même une proie.

Comment une population amazonienne vivant en marge de l’économie mondialisée envisage-t-elle son implication dans le marché capitaliste ? Dans cet article, nous examinons les perspectives entrepreneuriales exprimées par les leaders des Shuars équatoriens du Transkutukú. Les leaders placent leur espoir dans la poursuite de l’entrepreneuriat comme moyen de garantir l’autodétermination domestique et ethnique. Ce processus réflexif est encapsulé dans la formule d’« inculturation du marché » qui promeut la production, le profit, et l’accumulation personnelle. La sorcellerie, motivée par l’envie, est désignée par les villageois comme le principal obstacle entravant le progrès économique tant souhaité. How does an Amazonian population living at the margins of the globalised economy envision their involvement in the capitalist market? In this article, we examine the entrepreneurial perspectives expressed by leaders of the Ecuadorian Shuar of Transkutukú. Leaders place their hope in the pursuit of entrepreneurialism as a way to guarantee domestic and ethnic self-determination. This reflexive process is encapsulated by the local formula of “inculturating the market” which promotes production, profit, and personal accumulation. Sorcery, motivated by envy, is identified by the villagers as the main obstacle to the desired economic progress. ¿Cómo concibe su participación en el mercado capitalista una población amazónica que vive al margen de la economía globalizada? En este artículo examinamos las perspectivas empresariales expresadas por los líderes Shuar en el Transkutukú ecuatoriano. Los líderes depositan su esperanza en la búsqueda del emprendimiento como un medio que les permite asegurar la autodeterminación étnica y doméstica. Este proceso reflexivo se resume en la fórmula de la “inculturación del mercado”, un proceso que promueve la producción, la ganancia y la acumulación personal. La brujería, motivada por la envidia, es identificada por los comuneros como el principal obstáculo para el anhelado progreso económico.

Ce récit entend raconter succinctement la vie financière et fiscale d’un individu fictif, M. Martin, qui se classe dans les 1 % les plus riches. Dans une logique proche de l’idéal type, il s’agit d’élaborer un exemple aussi réaliste que possible d’un « très riche ». La dimension financière s’appuie sur les dernières statistiques disponibles et les aspects fiscaux visent à montrer les nombreuses ressources dont M. Martin dispose. L’article montre ainsi la « sécurité fiscale » qui entoure la vie des très riches. Il met en avant également à quel point la richesse est assistée aujourd’hui en France, ce qui revient à souligner son coût pour la société. This article intends to tell succinctly the financial and fiscal life of a fictitious individual, Mr. Martin, who ranks among the richest 1%. In a logic close to the ideal-type, the aim is to elaborate an example as realistic as possible of a "very rich" person. The financial dimension is based on the latest available statistics and the fiscal aspects aim at showing the numerous resources that Mr. Martin has. The article shows the "tax security" that surrounds the life of the very rich. It also highlights the extent to which wealth is assisted in France today, which is to say its cost to society.

En République populaire de Chine, l’économie des temples est souvent considérée sous le prisme d’une marchandisation imposée par les autorités locales. Cet article vise à complexifier cette vision en partant de l’ethnographie d’un temple villageois dédié au Roi des remèdes (Yaowang) dans les alentours du site taoïste du Mont Qingcheng au Sichuan. Nous verrons que, loin d’une opposition de fonctionnement entre une économie rituelle et une économie capitaliste, une relation entre les projets d’enrichissement du gouvernement municipal et le culte à Yaowang se tisse sur des bases territoriales. La divinité y a sa propre efficacité, qui amène à voir la planification économique d’État pour ce qu’elle négocie avec les conceptions locales de l’espace et de la dévotion. In the PRC, the economy of temples is often considered as being commodified by local authorities. This article aims at making this vision more complex through the ethnographic surrvey of a village temple dedicated to the Medicine King (Yaowang) and located in the vicinity of Daoist Mount Qingcheng. We will see that – far from a ritual economy and a capitalist market economy operating under two opposed principles – the municipality’s enrichment projects and the Yaowang cult connect on a territorial basis. There, the god possesses his own efficacy, that brings us to consider economic state planning for what it negotiates with local conceptions of space and devotion.

Depuis l’introduction de l’économie de marché à la chute de l’URSS, il existe en Géorgie un « scandale » migratoire. Les femmes migrent en masse tandis que leurs maris et leurs fils dilapideraient l’argent qu’elles leur envoient afin d’assurer leurs sociabilités ou à des fins réprouvées socialement (alcool, drogue, jeu etc.), sans soucis d’accumulation ou de productivité. Devenu un véritable leitmotiv social, ce motif est largement thématisé dans les médias, les œuvres de fiction, les réseaux sociaux et les conversations quotidiennes. Cet article explore le sens social et l’historicité des caractères « improductif » et « immoral » de cette configuration en les considérant comme des adaptations et des réinterprétations nécessitées par la crise et l’effondrement. Since the introduction of the market economy after the fall of the USSR, there has been a migration “scandal” in Georgia. Women migrate massively while their husbands and sons allegedly squander the money they send them for socializing or for socially reprehensible purposes (alcohol, drugs, gambling, etc.), with no concern for accumulation or productivity. This “motif” has become a social leitmotif and is widely thematized in the media, fiction, social networks and everyday conversations. This article explores the social meaning and historicity of the “unproductive” and “immoral” characters of this configuration, considering them as adaptations and reinterpretations necessitated by crisis and collapse.

Resumo O presente artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre trabalhos análogos à escravidão no Brasil e que têm sido bastante utilizados dentro das práticas empresariais do capital global. Trata-se de tema pouco explorado nas pesquisas em Administração. Nesse sentido, o objetivo central, neste artigo, é analisar os desdobramentos dos trabalhos análogos à escravidão no século XXI. Quanto ao método, usou-se o enfoque materialista histórico-dialético, além de uma abordagem qualitativa contemplada em pesquisas bibliográficas e documentais. Para análise da investigação, entre casos notificados nos anos de 1995 a 2022, foram utilizados os dados secundários de autuação do Ministério do Trabalho e Previdência, bem como sua “lista suja” do trabalho escravo e, ainda, os dados do Radar SIT. Além disso, este escrito tem aporte de matérias jornalísticas que retratam as fiscalizações do trabalho escravo moderno, possibilitando assim exemplificações de suas práticas na coetaneidade. Como resultado, percebeu-se que a própria falta de políticas públicas mais assertivas e a fragilidade da aplicabilidade penal da legislação brasileira têm sido fatores de dificuldade para a erradicação do trabalho escravo moderno no país. Resumen Este artículo propone una reflexión sobre Brasil y sus trabajos análogos a la esclavitud que han sido ampliamente llevados a cabo dentro de las prácticas empresariales del capital global y es un tema poco explorado en la investigación en Administración. En este sentido, el objetivo principal del artículo es analizar el desenvolvimiento de trabajos análogos a la esclavitud en el siglo XXI. En cuanto al método, se utilizó el materialismo histórico-dialéctico, además de un enfoque cualitativo contemplado en la investigación bibliográfica y documental y para el análisis de la investigación, datos secundarios de las actas de infracción del Ministerio del Trabajo y Previsión Social y su “lista sucia” del trabajo esclavo”, especialmente entre los años 1995 a 2022. Además, este escrito cuenta con el aporte de artículos periodísticos que retratan las inspecciones al trabajo esclavo moderno, lo que permite ejemplificar sus prácticas en la época contemporánea. Como resultado, se percibió que la propia falta de políticas públicas más asertivas y la fragilidad de la aplicabilidad penal de la legislación brasileña han sido factores de dificultad para la erradicación del trabajo esclavo moderno en el país. Abstract This article proposes a reflection on Brazil and its works analogous to slavery that has been widely used within the business practices of global capital and is a topic little explored in administration research. The article analyzes the unfolding of works analogous to slavery in the 21st century. This qualitative study consists of a bibliographic and documentary research based on the perspective of dialectical and historical materialism. It analyzes secondary data from infraction notices from the Ministry of Labor and Welfare, the ministry’s list of companies engaged in slave labor, and data from Radar SIT (statistics and information dashboard of labor inspection in Brazil) between 1995 and 2022. In addition, this study collected information from journalistic articles that portrayed inspections of modern slave labor, thus enabling examples of this practice in contemporary times. The findings show that the very lack of more assertive public policies and the fragility of the criminal applicability of Brazilian legislation have challenged the eradication of modern slave labor in the country.

Cet article expose les logiques pratiques des dépenses cérémonielles au Tadjikistan, ainsi que les tensions actuelles qui traversent ce domaine de compétences proprement féminines. L’indépendance du pays en 1991, son entrée consécutive dans l’économie de marché, les nouvelles formes de mobilités et de consommation contribuent à intensifier les dépenses cérémonielles ostentatoires, alors même qu’elles sont de plus en plus décriées, générant un contexte d’incertitude et de mécontentement à leur égard. L’article analyse les effets paradoxaux de l’évolution des relations d’affinité et des pratiques d’endettement mutuel, et la façon dont l’économie cérémonielle telle qu’elle est réalisée par les femmes, résiste encore (difficilement ?) à la marchandisation des relations sociales. This article describes the practical logics of ceremonial expenditure in Tajikistan, as well as the current tensions that run through this area of women's competences. The country's independence in 1991, its subsequent entry into the market economy, and new forms of mobility and consumption have all contributed to the intensification of conspicuous ritual expenditure, even though it is increasingly criticized, generating a context of uncertainty and dissatisfaction with it. The article analyses the paradoxical effects of changing affinity relations and mutual indebtedness practices, and how the ceremonial economy as performed by women still resists (with difficulty?) the commodification of social relations

Ce texte propose un aperçu des recompositions du système des charges rituelles dans les Andes péruviennes. En effet, les communautés paysannes font face depuis les années 1980 à une accélération des transformations socioéconomiques ainsi qu’à une émigration massive vers les villes et l’étranger. Cela impacte l’organisation des fêtes, centrales dans la vie des communautés. Les systèmes de charges rotatives se reconfigurent localement pour s’adapter à ces bouleversements. À partir du cas de fêtes dans les Andes centrales du Pérou, l’article se penche sur la manière dont l’action des émigrés a largement contribué à ces transformations dans les villages d’origine. Este texto ofrece un panorama de las recomposiciones del sistema de cargos rituales en los Andes peruanos. Desde los años 1980, las comunidades campesinas se han enfrentado a una aceleración de las transformaciones socioeconómicas, así como a una emigración masiva a las ciudades y al extranjero. Esto tiene repercusiones en la organización de las fiestas, que son fundamentales en la vida de las comunidades. Los sistemas de cargos rotativos se reconfiguran localmente para adaptarse a estos trastornos. Tomando el caso de las fiestas en la sierra central del Perú, el artículo examina cómo la acción de los emigrantes ha contribuido en gran medida a estas transformaciones en sus pueblos de origen. This text offers an overview of the rearrangement of the system of ritual charges in the Peruvian Andes. Since the 1980s, peasant communities have been facing an acceleration of socioeconomic transformations as well as a massive emigration towards cities and abroad. This situation affects the organization of festivities, which are essential in the life of communities. Rotating charges systems reconfigure themselves locally to adapt to these upheavals. Based on the case of festivals in the central Andes of Peru, the article examines how the action of emigrants has largely contributed to these transformations in their original comunities.

Les soirées à Abidjan se présentent comme des espaces de positionnement et d’évaluation sociale, articulées autour de pratiques codifiées de consommation ostentatoire (le boucan) et de jet d’argent sur les artistes (le travaillement), largement financées par les revenus générés par la cybercriminalité (le broutage). Dans cet univers nocturne du paraître, où il s’agit de mettre en scène autant que de construire sa valeur, l’article démontre que la mimesis devient le point de référence du réel. À travers le miroir du coupé-décalé, où le réel et son reflet se confondent, l’inconscient capitaliste se retrouve mis à nu : l’argent est vraiment magique. Nightlife in Abidjan offers a space of positioning and social evaluation, through codified practices such as conspicuous consumption (“le boucan”) and money throwing at artists (“le travaillement”), which are in great part financed through cybercrime (“le broutage”). In this nocturnal universe of appearance, where actors stage as much as they construct their value, this article demonstrates that mimesis becomes the point of reference for reality. Through the mirror of coupe-décalé, where reality and its reflection merge, the capitalist unconscious is laid bare: money truly is magical.

RESUMO No pós-guerra, nos anos dourados do capitalismo, tivemos o capitalismo gerencial, no qual os capitalistas ainda eram dominantes e os gerentes estavam no segundo plano. Nos anos neoliberais, que se seguiram, os capitalistas deixaram de controlar o processo de acumulação de capital e a inovação que os legitimava. Hoje, depois do colapso do neoliberalismo em 2021, estamos caminhando para um gerencialismo democrático e desenvolvimentista. ABSTRACT In the post-war Golden Era, we had managerial capitalism in which capitalists were still dominant, and managers were in the background. In the following Neoliberal Years, the capitalists stopped controlling the process of capital accumulation and innovation that legitimised them. Today, after the collapse of neoliberalism in 2021, we are moving towards a democratic and developmental managerialism.

Este dossier foi organizado pela coordenação da linha temática “Capitalismo (semi)periférico: crises e alternativas” do Centro de Estudos Sociais (CES) da Universidade de Coimbra. Esta é, como se sabe, uma linha comprometida com, entre outras preocupações, a compreensão das estruturas materiais e institucionais da economia, das condições multidimensionais e multiescalares da democracia, das dinâmicas internacionais de periferização, das relações entre Estado e mercados – uma perspetiva que ju...

The oxymoron voluntary servitude is the keystone of an interrogation on the paradoxes of human freedom. The lucidity of the subject invites in particular, to re-examine the question of the legitimacy of all forms of instituted power, to understand differently the totalitarian phenomena of the 20th century (Nazi-fascism and Stalinism) and to deepen the nature of the tyrannical link whatever it is. is. More broadly, the idea of voluntary servitude leads to a rethinking of the idea of modernity. La Boétie’s oxymoron is also conceived as a critique of the most manifest contradictions in the central field of work and its relationship with contemporary capitalism. The Author analyze two dimensions of the Discours de la servitude volontaire by Étienne de La Boétie. If this work constitutes a key moment in the history of thought, the idea of voluntary servitude is the expression of an essential reality of our modern human condition.