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Antimicrobial resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Concord (S. Concord) is known to cause severe gastrointestinal and bloodstream infections in patients from Ethiopia and Ethiopian adoptees, and occasional records exist of S. Concord linked to other countries. The evolution and geographical distribution of S. Concord remained unclear. Here, we provide a genomic overview of the population structure and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of S. Concord by analysing genomes from 284 historical and contemporary isolates obtained between 1944 and 2022 across the globe. We demonstrate that S. Concord is a polyphyletic serovar distributed among three Salmonella super-lineages. Super-lineage A is composed of eight S. Concord lineages, of which four are associated with multiple countries and low levels of AMR. Other lineages are restricted to Ethiopia and horizontally acquired resistance to most antimicrobials used for treating invasive Salmonella infections in low- and middle-income countries. By reconstructing complete genomes for 10 representative strains, we demonstrate the presence of AMR markers integrated in structurally diverse IncHI2 and IncA/C2 plasmids, and/or the chromosome. Molecular surveillance of pathogens such as S. Concord supports the understanding of AMR and the multi-sector response to the global AMR threat. This study provides a comprehensive baseline data set essential for future molecular surveillance.

The current trends in electro-energetics indicate, that due to depletion of fossil fuels and the need of CO2 emission reduction, there is and will be a substantial development in the fields of renewable energy sources, decentralization and accumulation of electricity using battery energy storage systems in the near future. Along with the increasing power demand and penetration of renewables into electric grids, there is a need for energy mix expansion. Hybrid renewable energy sources (HRES) combine several renewables and energy storage into one system and can be used for micro-grid implementation for off-grid application or on-grid. The article is focused mostly on off-grid systems and provides an information about current state of renewable energy sources applications in HRES with techno-economic evaluation of net present cost and levelized cost of energy.

This thesis analyzes how the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the European Union was portrayed in selected Czech and German printed media throughout the year 2018 and investigates whether Euroscepticism - in its widest sense - expresses itself within the articles. The research on Euroscepticism in media so far has largely focused on "historic" events and "significant" questions of the European integration, not on technical-legal topics, i.e. topics with presumably lesser impact on the future course of the European project. An analysis of Euroscepticism in media texts dealing with a specific EU legislative act has so far been lacking. The paper at hand therefore examines whether Euroscepticism manifests itself also in connection to such topics. As denying and/or criticizing EU's policies is accepted by most academics as an expression of Euroscepticism, next to denying the EU as such, this study defines Euroscepticism as any criticism on part of the EU and the GDPR, since this regulation can be understood as embodiment of EU's policy on data protection. The paper uses a comparative research design, using the method of content analysis of six printed daily newspapers, namely Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Süddeutsche Zeitung, Bild, Mladá fronta DNES, Právo, and Blesk. The results...

Supervision over Insurance Industry and the Legal Regulation Abstract ČERNÝ Tomáš: Supervision over Insurance Industry and the Legal Regulation; Charles University, Faculty of Law; supervisor of the rigorous thesis: Prof. JUDr. Marie Karfíková, CSc.; 2018, number of pages 183. The rigorous thesis attempts to confirm or refute the author's hypothesis that it comes to harmonisation of national legislations not only in the regulation and supervision in the insurance industry as a major branch of the economy, but generally in the supervision over financial markets as a whole, also apart from the integration and harmonisation within the EU. Based on the conducted review, the results of which are incorporated in this thesis, it can only be said that the subject and the way of supervision are very similar in individual countries compared, despite the diversity of individual supervisory institutions, whether as an independent institutional framework of the supervisory body within the central bank or as a self- established body. The first two chapters explain the meaning of individual concepts and terminology necessary for the proper understanding of the issues of the insurance industry and its supervision. The clarifications concern in particular some terminology in the field of insurance and its supervision, the...

Spatial impact of ČEZ corporation social responsibility on development of municipalities Abstract The aim of the thesis is to map the spatial distribution of financial donations of the ČEZ corporate foundation using spatial data analysis methods. Another objective is to analyze an impact of these financial donations on the development of municipalities from the point of view of recipients of financial donations. At first, the theory of the Corporate Social Responsibility concept is defined. Next part presents the conclusions of the previous literature which focused on the impact of financial donations on communities. After the methodology, the thesis deals with an analysis of the financial donations of the ČEZ corporate foundation. Trends of spatial distributions are described as well. Introducing the results of the questionnaire survey is presented in the penultimate part. In the conclusion, the answers of research questions are summarized. Keywords: corporate financial donations, Corporate social responsibility, municipalities, regional development, Czechia

The Bachelor thesis deals with some tunnels from the total number of 120 railway tunnels build in the period 1848-1910 in the territory of the Czech Republic. The aim of these admirable buildings was the research for masonry, geology and rock strength. The introductory articles are devoted to the classical tunneling methods used in earlier times. As a result of today's higher operating speeds of trains, which was not taken into account when initially planning the lining and limitation to the use of stone and wood only. The work includes the most frequent reconstruction methods for tunnel optimization, the possibility of faster transport and their stability. It has been shown that, for the purpose of possible reconstruction, it is necessary to count on the considerable strength of the masonry which, even after 100-170 years, often does not show signs of deep degradation.

This paper deals with the question as to whether there is a correlation between an Erasmus sojourn and European identity. It is assumed by many EU politicians that through the experience of studying and living in another European country, students develop a feeling of community with other Europeans. In spite of such believes, there is lack of conclusive empirical evidence, as some authors argue Erasmus is an effective instrument for promoting European identity, while others do not. Moreover, the effect of an Erasmus stay seems to be affected by factors such as host country and nationality. By analyzing a quantitative survey carried out with Czech Erasmus students, this thesis suggests that, while dependent on various variables, Erasmus can bring about a positive change within European identity.

This thesis aims to give a reflection on the doctrine of the right of resistance in the Czech Republic, its liberal democratic system and legal order. The first part of the thesis presents a short description of the background and the development of the doctrine. It also deals with Article 23 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms as an attempt of embedment the right of resistance in the Czech law. The subject matter of the second part are the transformation processes taking place in the current world that have an impact and threaten liberal democracies including the Czech Republic. This part also gives examples of the application of right of resistance. The first chapter contains a short historical and a modern definition of the right of resistance. It also defines the following related notions - the revolution, the coup d'état and civil disobedience, that this thesis applies. The second chapter focuses on the history of the right of resistance. It goes back to its roots in Ancient Israel, looks upon the Enlightment authors dealing with the theory of Social contract and concludes with the post-war development. Special focus is turned to the disputed aspects of the right of resistance. The third section deals with possible interpretations of Article 23 of the Charter of Fundamental...

The aim of this thesis was to analyze the climatic factors affecting the behaviour and milk production of the Czech pied cattle breed. The observation was carried out in the Czech Republic in period of 12 months (from April 2010 till March 2011). The observation took place on a farm GenAgro in Říčany a.s. in the South-Moravian region (49°12´30.370´´N, 16°23´43.092´´E). The subject, which was observed, was one concrete section in a production stable a quarter of the stable (n = 98 dairy cows). The dairy cows were in different stage of lactation (from 30. day) and on a different sequence of lactation (1 to 8 of lactation). The total number of observed cases was 4935 cases. The statistical evaluation was performed in the program STATISTICS 10.0 (Chi square test). There were 103 comfortable stalls (cubicles) in the stable located in three rows. Row A the closest one to the feeding table (32 cubicles); row B approximately in the middle of the whole section (33 cubicles); row C closest one to the perimeter wall of the stable (38 cubicles).

Spatial distribution of financial grants for municipalities in region of nuclear plant Dukovany in focus for regional development Abstract The aim of this paper is to determine spatial distribution of financial grants for municipalities in region of nuclear plant Dukovany in view of regional development by an analysis of income part of municipalities budget and data of financial gifts by Nadace ČEZ and data provided by representatives of the nearest municipalities of nuclear plant. The first part brings methodical framework of importance of financial incomes of the municipalities for regional development. The second part introduces socioeconomic conditions of surroundings of the nuclear plant Dukovany and also types of financial support of ČEZ company. Paper continues to analysis of incomes of municipalities and the first part of the hypothesis is verified. The second part of hypothesis and research questions is checked and answered in the fourth part, where financial gifts acquired by the nearest municipalites of the nucelar plant Dukovany are presented. The conclusion summarizes this paper and the hypotheses are evaluated. Keywords: municipalities incomes, grants, financial gifts, regional development, periphery, Czechia

The thesis deals with the problem of scripting in VBScript. The collection of solved and unsolved tasks is created, which contains various commands that VBScript contains and to these commands are created sample examples. In the next section are designed four unsolved tasks, where the reader tests his skills, which he had learned from the collection. Finally, there are solutions, which are attached to this tasks. The collection was tested on students of Operating systems 2. This thesis can be used for teaching, self-study and testing.

This thesis deals with the current role of airpower in contemporary warfare. In last 100 years, the aircraft became an indisputable part of today's armed conflict. The aim of this work is to determine the mechanics behind airpower's functions in conflicts and to critically assess airpower's performance. The analyzed conflicts - Persian Gulf 1991, Kosovo 1999, Afghanistan 2001 and U. S.-led counterinsurgency campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan - provide the diversity that is needed to reveal the position of airpower in contemporary strategy. The thesis is divided in three parts. The first part follows the evolution of airpower and its theory, providing context to further analysis of contemporary environment. The second part of the thesis identifies key theoretical concepts and modalities connected to airpower and analysis them on a general, theoretical basis. The third part of this thesis applies the concepts and modalities on the picked case studies in order to reach the suggested objectives by analyzing the conflicts and deriving empirical data. The conclusions of the thesis suggest that while slightly exaggerated, airpower grew to vital importance and became one of the key elements in today's conflicts.

This diploma thesis deals with countercyclical measures of Basel III which will come into force in future. Thesis outlines the issue of cyclical effects which appeared in connection with application of Basel II and provides basic information about new treatment of this issue in Basel III. Further the thesis discusses preparedness of the czech banking sector for the introduction of countercyclical buffers and possibility of Tier I capital formation which should be the main part of the new bank capital adequacy including the capital buffers in future. Subsequently this thesis informs about conditions of using the countercyclical buffers and examines possible appropriate timing for their application. In the other parts of the thesis three selected foreign banking sectors and czech banking sector are examinated with the main focus on their weak spots and their possible development in the case of application of Basel III before the beginning of the world economic crisis in 2007 . In the end the stability of the czech banking sector is examined in detail by using the crisis scenarios and also the impact of application of Basel III before 2007 is discussed.

This work is focused on the institute of Financial arbitor(FA) in the Czech republic who was established in the Czech republic (CR) in 2003 thanks to contemporary tendencies in the sphere of the protection of the consumers. Foundation of this institute was bring by the Directions from the EU. First part of the work represents widely the inistitute of Financial arbitor in the Czech republic mainly his powers, field of activity, structure of his office, its expenses etc. In the second part of the work is FA compared closely with the other states of the EU end European economic area and widely with the financial ombudsmans from Switzerland. The third part of the work is based on the final comparasion of financial ombudsmans of the CR and Switzerland and predictions for the future developpement of the institute of FA in the Czech republic.

Analýza marketingového mixu s využitím metod segmentace trhu a benchmarkingu. Nalezení slabých míst a jejich eliminace. Přehodnocení dosavadní marketingové strategie.

Předmětem zájmu této bakalářské práce je výroba produktů pro reklamu a prezentaci. Důraz je kladen na sumarizaci základních teoretických znalostí potřebných pro orientaci v oboru tisku a výroby reklamních produktů a představení několika v praxi zpracovávaných úloh. Úvod se věnuje rozdělení reklamy z pohledu nosičů reklamních informací a jejich formátů. Poté je vysvětlena problematika vzniku barevné informace, přenosu na reklamní nosič a způsoby, kterými vznikají barvy při výrobě. Následuje výklad pojmů velikosti a rozlišení. Další oddíl se zabývá výrobními materiály, poslední teoretický oddíl patří rozdělení tiskových technologií. Praktická část práce se věnuje třem konkrétním zakázkám, které autor v minulosti řešil.

Práce poskytuje přehled o problematice RFID technologií. Analyzuje historický vývoj RFID technologií, popisuje základní komponenty RFID systémů, normy spojené s RFID, bezpečnost RFID a trh RFID technologií. Dále se práce věnuje možnostem využití RFID technologií v různých oborech, zařazení RFID systémů do rámce podnikové informatiky a hodnotí efekty, které RFID technologie přináší. Práce také definuje doporučený postup pro zavádění RFID technologií do firmy.

Motivation: Assessing biodiversity status and trends in plant communities is critical for understanding, quantifying and predicting the effects of global change on ecosystems. Vegetation plots record the occurrence or abundance of all plant species co-occurring within delimited local areas. This allows species absences to be inferred, information seldom provided by existing global plant datasets. Although many vegetation plots have been recorded, most are not available to the global research community. A recent initiative, called ‘sPlot’, compiled the first global vegetation plot database, and continues to grow and curate it. The sPlot database, however, is extremely unbalanced spatially and environmentally, and is not open-access. Here, we address both these issues by (a) resampling the vegetation plots using several environmental variables as sampling strata and (b) securing permission from data holders of 105 local-to-regional datasets to openly release data. We thus present sPlotOpen, the largest open-access dataset of vegetation plots ever released. sPlotOpen can be used to explore global diversity at the plant community level, as ground truth data in remote sensing applications, or as a baseline for biodiversity monitoring. Main types of variable contained: Vegetation plots (n = 95,104) recording cover or abundance of naturally co-occurring vascular plant species within delimited areas. sPlotOpen contains three partially overlapping resampled datasets (c. 50,000 plots each), to be used as replicates in global analyses. Besides geographical location, date, plot size, biome, elevation, slope, aspect, vegetation type, naturalness, coverage of various vegetation layers, and source dataset, plot-level data also include community-weighted means and variances of 18 plant functional traits from the TRY Plant Trait Database. Spatial location and grain: Global, 0.01–40,000 m². Time period and grain: 1888–2015, recording dates. Major taxa and level of measurement: 42,677 vascular plant taxa, plot-level records. Software format: Three main matrices (.csv), relationally linked.

Aims: Vegetation‐plot records provide information on the presence and cover or abundance of plants co‐occurring in the same community. Vegetation‐plot data are spread across research groups, environmental agencies and biodiversity research centers and, thus, are rarely accessible at continental or global scales. Here we present the sPlot database, which collates vegetation plots worldwide to allow for the exploration of global patterns in taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity at the plant community level. Results: sPlot version 2.1 contains records from 1,121,244 vegetation plots, which comprise 23,586,216 records of plant species and their relative cover or abundance in plots collected worldwide between 1885 and 2015. We complemented the information for each plot by retrieving climate and soil conditions and the biogeographic context (e.g., biomes) from external sources, and by calculating community‐weighted means and variances of traits using gap‐filled data from the global plant trait database TRY. Moreover, we created a phylogenetic tree for 50,167 out of the 54,519 species identified in the plots. We present the first maps of global patterns of community richness and community‐weighted means of key traits. Conclusions: The availability of vegetation plot data in sPlot offers new avenues for vegetation analysis at the global scale.

This thesis deals with the design and implementation of an optimizer and a transformer of relational queries. Firstly, the thesis describes the theory of the relational query compilers. Secondly, we present the data structures and algorithms used in the implemented tool. Finally, the important implementation details of the developed tool are discussed. Part of the thesis is the selection of used relational algebra operators and design of an appropriate input. Input of the implemented software is a query written in a XML file in the form of relational algebra. Query is optimized and transformed into physical plan which will be executed in the parallelization framework Bobox. Developed compiler outputs physical plan written in the Bobolang language, which serves as an input for the Bobox. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Biotopes associated with railway corridor in valley of the river Tichá Orlice (Eastern Bohemia, Czech Republic) ABSTRACT Expansion, invasion or decline of plant species caused by environmental changes belong to the most important phenomenons associated with vegetation cover development. In spite of their often initiation by human activities the above mentioned processes continue then spontaneously and uncontrollably. This study is concentrated to the effect of these mechanisms on the biotope structure along the Tichá Orlice River (Eastern Bohemia, Czech Republic) - in its lowland landscape segment of the canyon character where the second axis of the valley (river flow is the first one) is created by railway line more than 150 years of local history. The case study has the general aim: to treat the present and/or future impact of described trends to plant biota and the degree of its influencing. My diploma thesis investigates functional impact and mutual interaction of the two main migration pathways of exotic species - the T.Orlice river and the railway corridor. It presents qualitative and quantitative changes in plant components of local (semi)natural biotopes by mean of interrelationships among selected ecological groups of species (neophytes, expansive species, and ephemeroids). At the same time, this...

Light is essential component of forest ecosystem, as limited light availability in forest-floor restricts herb and tree seedlings growth. Importance of light availability for maintaining plant species diversity and community structure wasn't sufficiently evaluated in the Czech Republic. This study focus on the ecological relevance of light availability on both landscape and local scale. Relationship of light to cover, diversity and species composition was quantified in the thesis. Dominant tree species affected light availability and its spatial variability. Light availability was along the soil reaction and slope most influential factor for large-scale species diversity. Within-site light variability affected plant diversity more than soil reaction variability. Measuring light by means of hemispherical photography seems to be an appropriate for studies like this. Light availability influnence on community compostition is weak in comparison with other environmental gradients.