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Stroke leads to long term disability and spasticity is one of them. Neurodynamic is a movement which aimed to restore the electrical signal directed to the nerve and the spinal cord. The neural mobilization is used to restore the movement and improve elasticity of nervous system to improve the arm function and regain the motor ability in patients with stroke. Objective: To assess the effects of neurodynamics on spasticity in upper extremities of stroke patients. Methods: It is a Randomized controlled trial. Data was collected from 46 stroke Patients. Simple Random Sampling was done and data was collected from District headquarters hospital (DHQ) Jhelum. Patients with chronic stroke, age 40-60 years, Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) ≥1 to 3 and both male and female were included in this study. For 6 weeks, the experimental group received conventional therapy with neurodynamics (10 reps/ set, 1 set/ day, 3 days/week), whereas the control group received conventional treatment (12 reps/ set, 1 set/ day, 3 days/week). The MAS, Fugl Meyer Upper Extremity Scale (FMUE), goniometry and Action Research Arm Test were used to examine the participants at zero, three, and six weeks (ARAT). The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to ensure that the data was normal, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 21. Results: Statistically significant improvement was found in between group analyses in MAS, FM-UE motor score and AROM as the p-value was 0.05. Statistically significant improvement was found in within group analyses in MAS, FM-UE motor score, sensation, joint pain, AROM and PROM as the p-value was

RESUMEN Se presenta un estudio sobre la identificación y el desarrollo del talento matemático en estudiantes de educación básica primaria y secundaria fundamentado en el Modelo de Enriquecimiento Escolar de Renzulli. La metodología usada fue de tipo mixto con diseño incrustado concurrente de modelo dominante. Las dos etapas del estudio consistieron en: a) detectar estudiantes con talento matemático en educación primaria básica y secundaria en lo que se refiere a los procesos de generalización; y b) diseñar y aplicar un programa de enriquecimiento extraescolar con estudiantes de educación primaria básica y secundaria en lo se que refiere a los procesos de generalización en ambiente expresser y Google Maps, así como en la hoja de cálculo Excel. El programa de enriquecimiento extraescolar mostró ser efectivo, pues los alumnos lograron transitar hacia un pensamiento multiplicativo. ABSTRACT A study on the identification and development of mathematical talent in elementary and secondary school students is presented and based on the Renzulli's School Enrichment Model. The methodology used was mixed type with concurrent embedded design of dominant model. The two stages of the study consisted of: (a) detecting students with mathematical talent in basic and secondary primary education in terms of generalization processes; and (b) designing and implementing an extracurricular enrichment program with students of basic and secondary primary education In terms of generalization processes in expresser and Google Maps environment, as well as in the Excel spreadsheet. The extracurricular enrichment program proved effective as the students managed to move towards multiplicative thinking.

O público leitor, especializado ou não, têm em mãos importante debate e reflexão sobre distintas áreas de pesquisa e conhecimento das ciências sociais, como: ciência em suas interfaces com o poder e as instituições de ensino; a identidade a partir das práticas religiosas comunitárias e da transformação de identidades étnicas; a problemática de gênero na teoria social; movimentos sociais em distintos contextos, além das relações entre economia e sociedade a partir do binômio trabalho e consumo Vinculados direta e indiretamente a certas tradições de pesquisa, as autoras e autores contribuem para pensarmos diversos fenômenos próprios das ciência sociais e capazes de problematizar elementos que estão circunscritos na realidade brasileira Brasil. Neste sentido, muitos dos trabalhos aqui reunidos apresentam reflexões que se vinculam a democracia e aos direitos sociais em um contexto onde os efeitos do desmonte, asfixia de políticas públicas e ascensão de grupos ultra conservadores continuam a desestabilizar a agenda social. Ao problematizar com seus escritos um volume relevante de questões, os(as) autores(as) desta coletânea nos permitem, visibilizar outros atores, atrizes, contextos e possibilidades para entender 10 fenômenos sociais particulares e contribuir para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas, práticas sociais e pedagógicas. Um olhar sobre tais fenômenos, apoiados na perspectiva e formação trilhadas por cada um(a) dos(as) autores(as) dá a tônica dos trabalhos que a coletânea reúne.

SummaryOxford Nanopore Technologies’ (ONT) sequencing platform offers an excellent opportunity to perform real-time analysis during sequencing. This feature allows for early insights into experimental data and accelerates a potential decision-making process for further analysis, which can be particularly relevant in the clinical context. Although some tools for the real-time analysis of DNA-sequencing data already exist, there is currently no application available for Transcriptome data analysis designed for scientists or physicians with limited bioinformatics knowledge. Here we introduce NanopoReaTA, a user-friendly real-time analysis toolbox for RNA sequencing data from ONT. Sequencing results from a running or finished experiment are processed through an R Shiny-based graphical user interface (GUI) with an integrated Nextflow pipeline for whole transcriptome or gene-specific analyses. NanopoReaTA provides visual snapshots of a sequencing run in progress, thus enabling interactive sequencing and rapid decision-making that could also be applied to clinical cases.Availabilityhttps://github.com/AnWiercze/NanopoReaTA

This paper analyses the tangible and intangible Yagan heritage contents exhibited by the Museo del Fin del Mundo (MFM, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina) and presented during its guided tour led by Yagan Community Counsellor Victor Vargas Filgueira. We show how the critical outlook of Fuegian history offered in the latter challenges the traditional past-only fossilized view of the Yagan, building past–present links and helping to overcome biased hegemonic discourses. We also discuss how employing a member of the Yagan Community at the MFM has been an efficient and low-budget strategy that helps to comply with some Goals of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which are difficult to attain in developing countries. Significant outcomes of this process include: (a) providing a full-time formal job to a member of an Indigenous Community who has been traditionally dispossessed of/in their own territory, (b) acknowledging him as a knowledge holder and valuable member of society, (c) moving the role of Yagan People from subject to agent of the MFM. This process has fostered the dialogue between Yagan voices and academic discourses, challenging traditional Western dichotomies-ecology/economy, natural/cultural heritage, and so forth, and contributing to the discussion of key concepts on sustainability and engagement.

Potential drug-eluting scaffolds of electrospun poly(acrylic acid

Background Although the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity is increasing, nowadays a universally accepted definition still does not exist. Because, this clinical entity is defined as the combination of obesity and sarcopenia, the diagnosis appears to be strictly linked to criteria used for sarcopenia and the available prevalence data are not uniform. To investigate the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in older persons according to EWGSOP2 and FNIH criteria. Second, to evaluate the prevalence of diabetes in patients with sarcopenia diagnosed by the two definitions. Methods Observational multicenter study performed in 2014 on older patients admitted to 12 Italian hospitals (GLISTEN Study). Data were collected through standardized questionnaires, which assessed: socio-demographic data, cognitive status, functional abilities, pharmacological therapy, comorbidities, and blood tests. Moreover, muscle mass and strength and physical performance were evaluated. Results Six hundred and ten were included in the analyses. Among sarcopenic patients, the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity was 30.8% with FNIH and 0% with EWGSOP2 criteria. According to EWGSOP2 criteria, 23.7% of sarcopenic and 30.8% of non-sarcopenic patients were affected by diabetes (p = 0.101); otherwise, using FNIH criteria, 36.3% of sarcopenic and 26.9% of non-sarcopenic patients were diabetic (p = 0.030). After adjustment for potential confounders, diabetic patients had a 73% higher probability of being sarcopenic according to FNIH criteria (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.13–2.64). Conclusions The EWGSOP2 and FNIH sarcopenia criteria are differently related to the prevalence of obesity and diabetes. The EWGSOP2 criteria seem to be not suitable to identify people with sarcopenic obesity.

espanolEn este trabajo se analizan los artefactos producidos por poblaciones indigenas fueguinas expuestos en la exhibicion antropologica/arqueologica del Museo del Fin del Mundo, ubicado en la ciudad de Ushuaia (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina), a fin de indagar en su proceso de patrimonializacion como objetos museograficos. Para ello, se describe analiticamente dicha exhibicion y se analizan: (a) los artefactos expuestos –arqueologicos, etnograficos y contemporaneos– y (b) la informacion escrita y visual asociada a dichos artefactos. De esta manera, se propone una aproximacion a parte de los procesos de formacion de la coleccion expuesta, centrandonos en discutir el proceso de seleccion y patrimonializacion de estos objetos museograficos. Asi, se indagan y discuten los contenidos, discursos e imaginarios que transmite el museo acerca del patrimonio cultural de los pueblos originarios fueguinos. portuguesEste trabalho analisa ​​os artefatos produzidos por populacoes indigenas de Terra do Fogo expostas na exibicao antropologica/arqueologica do Museo del Fin del Mundo, localizado na cidade de Ushuaia (Terra do Fogo, Argentina), a fim de investigar seu processo de patrimonializacao como objetos de museu. Para esse fim, descreveremos as exposicoes antropologicas e arqueologicas do museu e analisaremos: a) os artefatos exibidos -arqueologicos, etnograficos e contemporâneos- e b) as informacoes escritas e visuais associadas a esses artefatos. Dessa forma, propoe-se uma abordagem de parte dos processos de formacao da colecao exposta, com foco na discussao do processo de selecao e patrimonializacao desses objetos museologicos. Assim, investigaremos e discutiremos os conteudos, discursos e imaginarios que o museu transmite sobre o patrimonio cultural dos povos indigenas da Terra do Fogo. EnglishIn this paper we analyze the artifacts produced by the Indigenous peoples and displayed in the anthropological/archaeological exhibition of the Museo del Fin del Mundo, located in the city of Ushuaia (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina), in order to study their heritage process as museum objects. To this end, the anthropological and archaeological exhibits of the museum are presented and analyzed systematically, including: a) the exhibited artifacts (archeological, ethnographic and contemporary) and b) the written and visual information associated with these artifacts. We thus address part of the formation processes of the exhibited collections, focusing the discussion on the object-selection choices and on their transformation into heritage and museum items. Thus, the contents, discourse and imaginary matters transmitted by the museum about the cultural heritage of the native Fuegian peoples are investigated and discussed.

Biomedicine requires materials able to respond to specific needs without affecting the organism. Organic–inorganic fibrillar polymeric matrices possess unique properties that may fulfill these needs. In the present study, different topology-controlled poly(ε-caprolactone)-based fibrillar matrices containing glycine betaine at varying concentrations (0.5, 1, and 2% w/v) were prepared via electrospinning. The matrices were used as substrates in calcium carbonate crystallization assays with gas diffusion to obtain a single organic–inorganic hybrid material. The resulting matrices and crystalline material were characterized using spectroscopic, microscopic, and thermogravimetric analyses. The incorporation of glycine betaine into a poly(ε-caprolactone) mesh modified the diameter of the fibers, without affecting the thermal behavior of the matrices. However, the chemical and morphological characteristics of the matrices did influence in vitro inorganic mineralization. The thermogravimetric analysis of the matrices, performed after the mineralization tests, demonstrated the existence of a new organic–inorganic hybrid material with unique properties, which is discussed in the present study.

In the last decade, we have witnessed an upsurge in nuclei-based studies, particularly coupled with next-generation sequencing. Such studies aim at understanding the molecular states that exist in heterogeneous cell populations by applying increasingly more affordable sequencing approaches, in addition to optimized methodologies developed to isolate and select nuclei. Although these powerful new methods promise unprecedented insights, it is important to understand and critically consider the associated challenges. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the rise of nuclei-based studies and elaborate on their advantages and disadvantages, with a specific focus on their utility for transcriptomic sequencing analyses. Improved designs and appropriate use of the various experimental strategies will result in acquiring biologically accurate and meaningful information.

This paper aims to present a new theory that explains the mechanism of inertia at providing a satisfying explanation for the yet unknown mechanism for inertia. By considering the vacuum as a liquid with a measurable density, hydrodynamics laws are used to describe the behaviour of the vacuum when it is dragged by moving body. The inertia is the result of the initial resistance between the moving bodies against the static vacuum. The moving body drags the resisting vacuum during acceleration, till the point that the vacuum travels with the moving body and has the same velocity. When the body decelerates, the vacuum continues to flow and to push the body at the same direction of the original flow till its complete stop. Formulations based on Planck theory derived to prove its equivalence to Newton inertia law. Formulation based on hydrodynamics is derived to confirm the theory that the force exerted by the vacuum on static body in gravity and on moving body in inertia is equivalent to Newton law. The strong equivalence principle is reaffirmed and, consequently, Einstein’s equations are preserved.

Spin is an intrinsic form of angular momentum carried by elementary particles, composite particles, and atomic nuclei. It is wildly believed that spin is a purely quantum mechanical concept and has no classical analogue. In fact, elementary particles are conceived as point objects which have no axis to “spin” around. Therefore, there is no explaining how spin arises at the fundamental level, why particles have the values they do, and what underpins the Pauli Exclusion principle and Bose-Einstein behavior. However, spin is like a vector quantity; it has a definite magnitude, and it has a “direction”, in order to spin should be composite. In this paper we propose a physical explanation for spin of the electron at the sub-particle level, relying on the vortex model of the electron. The electron is described as a superfluid frictionless vortex which has a mass, angular momentum and spin to provide a complete explanation of all properties of the electron: it composite, spinning around its own axis, produces a tiny magnetic fields independent of those from its orbital motions. The classical hydrodynamic laws are used to describe the quantum properties of the electron, such as spin, angular momentum, magnetic momentum and a magnetic dipole. The circulation in the vortex is constant, and the angular momentum of the vortex is conserved and has the same value of Planck constant. The direction of the angular momentum of a spinning electron vortex is along the axis of rotation and determined by the direction of spin. The spin quantum number 1/2 has a fixed value which represents the gap between the circulation rate of the core of the vortex and the boundaries of the vortex. The changeable values +1/2 “spin-up” or -1/2 “spin-down” indicate the direction of the magnetic dipole of the vortex. The relation between spin and Planck constant is discussed and the origin h/4pi angular momentum units are revealed.

Planck’s constant h is a fundamental physical constant defined in the realm of quantum theory and is determined only by physical measurement and cannot be calculated. To this day, physicists do not have a convincing explanation for why action in microcosm is quantized or why h has a specific quantitative value. Here, a new theory is presented based on the idea that the elementary particles are vortices of a condensed superfluid vacuum. The vortex has a conserved angular momentum that can be calculated by applying hydrodynamic laws; in this way, the numerical value of Planck’s constant can be obtained. Therefore, the Planck constant is not a fundamental constant but an observable parameter of the elementary particle as a vortex that has constant vorticity and conserved angular momentum. This theory may offer a unique and comprehensive understanding of Planck’s constant and open a new perspective for a theory of everything.

Electric constant believed fundamental constant determined only by physical measurement and cannot be calculated. A new theory about the origin and the essence of the electric constant is proposed and mathematical formulation is described. The vacuum is considered to be superfluid and the electric constant is described as a physical property of the “vacuum”. Hydrodynamics laws are applied to calculate the elasticity and the compressibility of the vacuum to obtain the electric constant value. Thus, electric permittivity is the expression of compressibility of the vacuum which is the capability of the vacuum to permit electric field lines. In conclusion, electric constant is not fundamental constant but observable parameter of the vacuum which depends mainly by the vacuum density. This result could have important consequences in our understanding the origin of physical forces forward Universal Unified Theory based on one constant only, the density of the vacuum.

Background Although rare, classic viral myocarditis in the pediatric population is a disease that carries significant morbidity and mortality. Since 2020, myocarditis has been a common component of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. In 2021, myocarditis related to mRNA COVID‐19 vaccines was recognized as a rare adverse event. This study aims to compare classic, MIS‐C, and COVID‐19 vaccine‐related myocarditis with regard to clinical presentation, course, and outcomes. Methods and Results In this retrospective cohort study, we compared patients aged P Conclusions Compared with classic myocarditis, those with MIS‐C myocarditis had better clinical outcomes, including rapid recovery of cardiac function. Patients with vaccine‐related myocarditis had prompt resolution of symptoms and improvement of cardiac function.

The effect of nonporous (NP-PCL) and porous (P-PCL) fibrous polycaprolactone (PCL) meshes, used as templates, on in vitro CaCO3 crystallization via a gas diffusion (GD) method at 20 °C for 24 h was...

Patient involvement in the health care process has been documented as a critical component of successful disease management. However, inadequate functional health literacy among patients is a well-known barrier to effective doctor-patient communication, which has an adverse effect on health outcomes. This study aimed at investigating the association of functional health literacy and doctor-patient communication among HIV/AIDS patients in Homa Bay County, Kenya. It was a cross-sectional hospital-based survey conducted among 362 HIV/AIDS patients receiving care at the eight sub-county hospitals of Homa Bay county. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire. Cronbach’s alpha and confirmatory factor analysis tests were used to ascertain the reliability and validity of study instruments, while Logistic regression logistic analysis was used to measure the association between functional health literacy and doctor-patient communication. 51% of the respondents were females, and the majority (30.9%) of respondents fell in the age group of 45 years and above. The respondents’ functional health literacy levels were inadequate at weighted means scores of 3.23 [SD 1.31]. The study further established that functional health literacy significantly influenced doctor-patient communication [Nagelkerke R square = 0.318]. There is, therefore, a need to document the determinants of functional health literacy to improve it and make doctor-patient interaction an enjoyable and meaningful experience.

A theory employing the vortex shape of the electron was presented to resolve the enigma of the wave-particle duality. Conventions such as “particle” and “wave” were used to describe the behavior of quantum objects such as electrons. A superfluid vacuum formed the base to describe the basic vortex structure and properties of the electron, whereas various formulations derived from hydrodynamic laws described the electron vortex circumference, radius, angular velocity and angular frequency, angular momentum (spin) and magnetic momentum. A vortex electron fully explained the associations between momentum and wave, and hydrodynamic laws were essential in deriving the energy and angular frequency of the electron. In general, an electron traveling in space possesses internal and external motions. To derive the angular frequency of its internal motion, the Compton wavelength was used to represent the length of one cycle of the internal motion that is equal to the circumference of the electron vortex. The angular frequency of the electron vortex was calculated to obtain the same value according to Planck’s theory. A traveling vortex electron has internal and external motions that create a three-dimensional helix trajectory. The magnitude of the instantaneous velocity of the electron is the resultant of its internal and external velocities, being equal to the internal velocity reduced by the Lorentz factor (whose essence is presented in a detailed formulation). The wavelength of the helix trajectory represents the distance traveled by a particle along its axis during one period of revolution around the axis, resulting in the same de Broglie wavelength that corresponds to the helix pitch of the helix. Mathematical formulations were presented to demonstrate the relation between the energy of the vortex and its angular frequency and de Broglie’s wavelength; furthermore, Compton’s and de Broglie’s wavelengths were also differentiated.

Along with all other quantum objects, an electron is partly a wave and partly a particle. The corpuscular properties of a particle are demonstrated when it is shown to have a localized position in space along its trajectory at any given moment. When an electron looks more like a particle it has no shape, “point particle”, according to the Standard Model, meaning that it interacts as if it is entirely located at a single point in space and does not spread out to fill a three-dimensional volume. Therefore, in the sense of particle-like interactions, an electron has no shape. In this paper, a new theory is proposed in which the electron has a structure and a shape. The central idea is that an electron is a frictionless vortex with conserved momentum made out of condensed vacuum generated in the Big Bang from massless virtual photons that acquire mass when moving in the vortex at the speed of light. Using Hydrodynamics laws and applying them on the superfluid vacuum the basic properties of the electron are described here forth. This study provides mathematical models to calculate the mass, kinetic energy, density, volume, time, charge, and particle-wave duality. Such mathematical formulations are presented to confirm the theory. We conclude that the shape of the electron is accessible to human imagination, knowing its shape helps to determine its properties and shed a light on how matter is made and to explain the interactions of sub-atomic particles.

The nature and the origin of the fine structure are described. Based on the vortex model and hydrodynamics, a comprehensible interpretation of the fine structure constant is developed. The vacuum considered to have superfluid characteristics and elementary particles such as the electron and Hydrogen molecule are irrotational vortices of this superfluid. In such a vortex, the angular rotation ω is maintained, and the larger the radius, the slower the rotational speed. The fine structure value is derived from the ratio of the rotational speed of the boundaries of the vortex to the speed of the vortex eye in its center. Since the angular rotation is constant, the same value was derived from the ratio between the radius of the constant vortex core and the radius of the hall vortex. Therefore, the constancy of alpha is an expression of the constancy relation in the vortex structure.

The nature of gravitation and G is not well understood. A new gravitation mechanism is proposed that explains the origin and essence of the gravitational constant, G. Based on general relativity, the vacuum is considered to be a superfluid with measurable density. Rotating bodies drag vacuum and create a vortex with gradient pressure. The drag force of vacuum fluid flow in the arm of the vortex is calculated relative to the static vacuum and a value that is numerically equal to that of G is obtained. Using Archimedes’ principle, it is determined that G is the volume of vacuum displaced by a force equivalent to its weight which is equal to the drag force of the vacuum. It is concluded that the gravitational constant G expresses the force needed to displace a cubic metre of vacuum that weighs one kg in one second. Therefore, G is not a fundamental physical constant but rather is an expression of the resistance encountered by the gravitational force in the vacuum.

In this study, the essence and origin of the magnetic constant are discussed and a mechanism that allows real estimations of the magnetic constant based upon the vacuum density description is proposed. By considering the vacuum as a liquid with a measurable density and the electron as a vortex, hydrodynamic laws are applied to measure the diminished momentum of a rotating electron in a vacuum, thus obtaining a value similar to the experimentally derived value of the magnetic constant. A consequence of this description is that the magnetic constant can be expressed as the shear stress per unit time of the vacuum; this means that it is an observable vacuum parameter and not a fundamental constant.

En este artículo presentaremos un panorama sistemático acerca las condiciones de accesibilidad a las fotografías etnográficas de indígenas patagónico-fueguinos, a fin de evaluar y discutir las posibilidades reales de ejercer el derecho de acceso público a la información que aportan estos documentos. Primero, indagaremos en el nuevo lugar que ocupa la fotografía en lainvestigación en ciencias sociales y en el rol que cumplen los archivos en la custodia de estos documentos. Luego, analizaremos de manera rigurosa la localización y las condiciones de accesibilidad a las 1465 fotografías relevadas en un total de 13 archivos, tanto públicos como privados y tanto centrales como locales y extranjeros. Para ello, analizaremos: a) la cantidad de fotografías conservadas en cada archivo, b) la existencia de datos contextuales como autor, fecha, lugar y epígrafe, c) las condiciones de preservación, d) el orden, clasificación y descripción, e) la consulta y el acceso y f) la difusión de cada archivo. Finalmente, indagaremos en cómo estos problemas de accesibilidad al patrimonio fotográfico indígena obstaculizan una valoración real de la historia, la memoria y la identidad. In this paper we will present a systematic overview about the accessibility conditions to the ethnographic photographs of the Patagonian-Fuegian Indigenous People, in order to assess and discuss the real possibilities to exercise the right of Public Access to the Information provided by these documents. First, we will look into the new place occupied by photography in the social science research and the role played by archives in the custody of these documents. Then, we will rigorously analyze the location and accessibility conditions of the 1465 photographs surveyed in a total of 13 archives, both public and private and both central, local and foreign. In order to do this, we will analyze: a) the number of photographs stored in each archive, b) the existence of contextual data such as author, date, place and epigraph, c) preservation conditions, d) order, classification anddescription, e) consultation and access and f) outreach of each archive. Finally, we will inquire into how these problems of accessibility to indigenous photographic heritage hinder a real assessment of history, memory and identity. Fil: Butto, Ana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnica. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: We previously showed that abundance of Candida tropicalis is significantly greater in Crohn’s disease patients compared with first-degree relatives without Crohn’s disease. The aim of this study was to determine the effects and mechanisms of action of C tropicalis infection on intestinal inflammation and injury in mice. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with C tropicalis, and colitis was induced by administration of dextran sodium sulfate in drinking water. Disease severity and intestinal permeability subsequently were evaluated by endoscopy, histology, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, as well as 16S ribosomal RNA and NanoString analyses (NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA). RESULTS: Infected mice showed more severe colitis, with alterations in gut mucosal helper T cells (Th)1 and Th17 cytokine expression, and an increased frequency of mesenteric lymph node-derived group 2 innate lymphoid cells compared with uninfected controls. Gut microbiome composition, including changes in the mucin-degrading bacteria, Akkermansia muciniphila and Ruminococcus gnavus, was altered significantly, as was expression of several genes affecting intestinal epithelial homeostasis in isolated colonoids, after C tropicalis infection compared with uninfected controls. In line with these findings, fecal microbiome transplantation of germ-free recipient mice using infected vs uninfected donors showed altered expression of several tight-junction proteins and increased susceptibility to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. CONCLUSIONS: C tropicalis induces dysbiosis that involves changes in the presence of mucin-degrading bacteria, leading to altered tight junction protein expression with increased intestinal permeability and followed by induction of robust Th1/Th17 responses, which ultimately lead to an accelerated proinflammatory phenotype in experimental colitic mice.

Aim To describe the methods and feasibility of the nutritional intervention carried out within the SPRINTT Randomized cotrolled trial. We also illustrate how nutrition interventionists identified participants at risk of malnutrition and the lessons learnt from the nutrition intervention. Findings SPRINTT nutrition intervention was well-received by the majority of the participants. It was mainly carried out using tailored nutrition counselling, but also other means of delivering the intervention were successfully used. Compared with a standard nutrition prescription, an individualized protocol to diagnose malnutrition and follow-up by tailored nutrition counselling helped achieve nutritional targets more effectively in spite of diversity of population in nutritional habits and in some cases reluctance to accept changes. Message The SPRINTT nutrition intervention was feasible and allowed flexibility to the varying needs and cultural differences of this heterogeneous population of frail, older Europeans. It may serve as a model to educate and improve nutrition among community-dwelling older people at risk of mobility limitations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41999-020-00438-4., Background The “Sarcopenia and Physical Frailty in Older People: Multicomponent Treatment Strategies” (SPRINTT) project sponsored a multi-center randomized controlled trial (RCT) with the objective to determine the effect of physical activity and nutrition intervention for prevention of mobility disability in community-dwelling frail older Europeans. We describe here the design and feasibility of the SPRINTT nutrition intervention, including techniques used by nutrition interventionists to identify those at risk of malnutrition and to carry out the nutrition intervention. Methods SPRINTT RCT recruited older adults (≥ 70 years) from 11 European countries. Eligible participants (n = 1517) had functional limitations measured with Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB score 3–9) and low muscle mass as determined by DXA scans, but were able to walk 400 m without assistance within 15 min. Participants were followed up for up to 3 years. The nutrition intervention was carried out mainly by individual nutrition counseling. Nutrition goals included achieving a daily protein intake of 1.0–1.2 g/kg body weight, energy intake of 25–30 kcal/kg of body weight/day, and serum vitamin D concentration ≥ 75 mmol/L. Survey on the method strategies and feasibility of the nutrition intervention was sent to all nutrition interventionists of the 16 SPRINTT study sites. Results Nutrition interventionists from all study sites responded to the survey. All responders found that the SPRINTT nutrition intervention was feasible for the target population, and it was well received by the majority. The identification of participants at nutritional risk was accomplished by combining information from interviews, questionnaires, clinical and laboratory data. Although the nutrition intervention was mainly carried out using individual nutritional counselling, other assisting methods were used as appropriate. Conclusion The SPRINTT nutrition intervention was feasible and able to adapt flexibly to varying needs of this heterogeneous population. The procedures adopted to identify older adults at risk of malnutrition and to design the appropriate intervention may serve as a model to deliver nutrition intervention for community-dwelling older people with mobility limitations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41999-020-00438-4.

Este artículo de investigación es el resultado de un proyecto de investigación sobre el pensamiento algebraico temprano en entornos tecnológicos de aprendizaje y se reportan resultados sobre el razonamiento proporcional como una ruta de acceso al pensamiento algebraico temprano. El estudio fue realizado con 109 estudiantes de educación básica de escuelas públicas, del Estado de México y de la Ciudad de México y uno de los objetivos del estudio fue validar un instrumento sobre el razonamiento proporcional. Para ello, se utilizó una metodología mixta, un estudio de tipo observacional, longitudinal y comparativo con tres etapas: 1. Evaluación inicial sobre el razonamiento proporcional, 2.Validación de un instrumento sobre el razonamiento proporcional, 3. Entrevista clínica abierta. Los resultados revelan que los alumnos logran comprender ideas de proporcionalidad aritmética y geométrica y variación proporciona, y comprenden los problemas que involucran la relación funcional, como una consecuencia del tránsito del pensamiento aditivo al multiplicativo. En lo que respecta al instrumento de evaluación, se propuso un modelo hipotético de validez convergente y divergente de constructo en la medición del razonamiento proporcional y el modelo resultante obtuvo aceptables indicadores prácticos de bondad de ajuste y coeficientes de confiabilidad altos. Además el instrumento mostró tener validez convergente y divergente de constructo. Finalmente, podemos concluir que el razonamiento proporcional es una ruta viable hacia el pensamiento algebraico, a pesar de que los estudiantes no han desarrollado aún todas las estructuras cognitivas y matemáticas para comprender la complejidad del pensamiento proporcional, los resultados de este estudio permitieron dilucidar etapas tempranas en el desarrollo cognitivo de los niños con tareas y enfoques pertinentes.

Objective Children with single ventricle cardiac disease (SVCD) have poor growth in early life. Tube-assisted feeding (TF) is used to improve weight gain, but its impact on long-term growth remains unknown. We sought to compare the longitudinal growth of SVCD patients receiving TF after initial cardiac surgery with those fed entirely by mouth. Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study of SVCD patients who underwent initial surgical palliation between 1999 and 2009. We defined TF as the use of nasogastric, gastrostomy, or jejunostomy TF. We compared maximal attained growth z-scores for each year of life between TF and non-TF patients. A secondary analysis compared surgical and clinical factors between groups. Results A total of 134 patients were included; 64% were male and 68% underwent the Norwood operation. One third of patients (44) received TF. Adjusting for age, TF patients had an average of 0.56 lower weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) than non-TF patients (P = 0.007) through the age of 6 years. Longitudinal height was not affected by TF status (P = 0.15). In a subanalysis of Norwood patients, TF patients had lower WAZ at initial hospital discharge despite longer LOS. TF patients had diminished WAZ after adjusting for complications, interstage hospitalizations, and timing of subsequent operations. Conclusions In this single-center study, patients with SVCD requiring TF at discharge from initial surgical palliation had diminished WAZ at discharge and on long-term follow-up, despite controlling for other identifiable risk factors. Further investigation is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon and to risk stratify infants who go home on TF.

Introduction: Children with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are increasingly bridged to heart transplant (Tx) with intracorporeal continuous flow ventricular assist devices (VADs), but there continues to be variability in hospital discharge. We sought to assess the impact of a quality improvement (QI) project promoting hospital discharge in pediatric VAD patients with DCM. Methods: Patients enrolled at sites participating in the Discharge and De-Escalation QI project of the Advanced Cardiac Therapies Improving Outcomes Network (ACTION) registry were eligible. Patients with a HeartWare (HVAD) or HeartMate3 (HM3) VAD, implanted between April 2018 and February 2021, were included. Patient characteristics and outcomes were compared before and after the QI initiative, which targeted team and family expectations, was implemented in November 2019. Results: There were 85 patients (75%) with DCM and/or myocarditis who were included in this study (median age 14 years; median weight 57.1 kg; 67% male). Among 57 patients in the baseline group, 56% (n=32) were discharged with a mean post-implant hospital length of stay (LOS) of 36 days and 44% (n=25) underwent Tx during index VAD admission, with a mean of 52 days on device. There were 28 patients in the intervention group; 64% (n=18) were discharged with a mean LOS of 45 days, while 29% (n=8) patients underwent Tx during index VAD admission, with a mean of 44 hospital days on device. There was no significant difference in the frequency of hospital discharge or in hospital LOS between groups. Conclusions: Pediatric centers discharged just over half of DCM patients supported on an HVAD or HM3, with nearly one third of patients undergoing transplant during the index VAD admission. The QI intervention did not significantly alter the discharge rate. Further work is required to understand practice variation between centers with respect to Tx listing and organ acceptance for children on intracorporeal continuous flow VADs.

An electrospinning method was used for the preparation of an in situ composite based on Ni2P nanoparticles and carbon fiber (FC). The material was tested for the first time against direct glucose oxidation reaction. The Ni2P nanoparticles were distributed homogeneously throughout the carbon fibers with a composition determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of 40 wt% Ni2P and 60 wt% carbon fiber without impurities in the sample. The electrochemical measurement results indicate that the GCE/FC/Ni2P in situ sensor exhibits excellent catalytic activity compared to the GCE/Ni2P and GCE/FC/Ni2P ex situ electrodes. The GCE/FC/Ni2P in situ sensor presents a sensitivity of 1050 µAmM−1cm−2 in the range of 5–208 µM and a detection limit of 0.25 µM. The sensor was applied for glucose detection in artificial saliva, with a low interference observed from normally coexisting electroactive species. In conclusion, our sensor represents a novel and analytical competitive alternative for the development of non-enzymatic glucose sensors in the future.

Potential drug-eluting scaffolds of electrospun poly(acrylic acid-co-styrene sulfonate) P(AA-co-SS) in clonogenic assays using tumorigenic gastric and ovarian cancer cells were tested in vitro. Electrospun polymer nanofiber (EPnF) meshes of PAA and PSSNa homo- and P(AA-co-SS) copolymer composed of 30:70, 50:50, 70:30 acrylic acid (AA) and sodium 4-styrene sulfonate (SSNa) units were performed by electrospinning (ES). The synthesis, structural and morphological characterization of all EPnF meshes were analyzed by optical and electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. This study shows that different ratio of AA and SSNa of monomers in P(AA-co-SS) EPnF play a crucial role in clonogenic in vitro assays. We found that 50:50 P(AA-co-SS) EPnF mesh loaded with antineoplastic drugs can be an excellent suppressor of growth-independent anchored capacities in vitro assays and a good subcutaneous drug delivery system for chemotherapeutic medication in vivo model for surgical resection procedures in cancer research.

Recurrent pancreatitis (RP) occurs in children between 15- 35 % of the cases. To determine the etiology and outcome of RP in children a descriptive, cross-sectional cohort study was conducted in children under 18 years of age with RP seen at Hospital Garrahan between 2008-2016. Of 10 patients with RP, 90 % were girls. Median age of the diagnoses of RP was 11. Median number of episodes was 9. Initial abdominal ultrasonography and/or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography were abnormal in four patients. Of six patients with normal studies at onset, three developed signs of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and one stenosis of the duct of Wirsung suggestive of autoimmune pancreatitis. In 40 % of our patients, the etiology was determined. On follow-up, three patients with idiopathic pancreatitis developed CP. Genetic factors may play a role in patients considered to have idiopathic pancreatitis.

The proportion of new diagnoses of HIV infection in immigrants residing in Italy raised from 11% in 1992 to 29.7% in 2018. To investigate the HIV clades circulating in this community a retrospective study was performed in 557 HIV-infected immigrants living in 12 Italian cities. Immigrants originated from East-Europe and Central-Asia (11.7%), North Africa and Middle East (7.3%), South and South-East Asia (7.2%), Latin America and the Caribbean (14.4%), and sub-Saharan Africa (59.4%). More than 87% of immigrants were on antiretroviral therapy (ART), although 26.6% of them were viremic. A 22.0% of immigrants had hepatitis (HBV and/or HCV) and/or tuberculosis. HIV phylogenetic analysis on sequences from 192 immigrants showed the presence of clades B (23.4%), G (16.1%), C (10.4%), A1 (9.4%), F1 (5.2%), D (1.6%) and Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRFs) (33.9%). CRF02_AG represented 72.3% of the total CRFs. Clusters between immigrants and Italian natives were also present. Drug resistance mutations to NRTI, NNRTI, and PI drug classes occurred in 29.1% of ART-treated and in 12.9% of ART-naïve individuals. These data highlight the need for tailored public health interventions in immigrants to avoid spreading in Italy of HIV genetic forms and ART-resistant variants, as well as HIV co-morbidities.

En este trabajo se propone realizar un análisis comparativo de la información sobre los artefactos de caza, pesca y recolección producidos/utilizados por los Pueblos Originarios fueguinos, a partir del uso combinado de tres registros de datos sobre el pasado: arqueológico, fotográfico y escrito, abarcando desde el siglo XVI hasta el XX. Se presentan primero los datos para los casos selk’nam y yagán, evaluando los tipos de artefactos, tareas y géneros involucrados en cada caso para identificar tendencias a nivel intra-sociedad. Se comparan luego ambos casos, focalizando en cada tarea, para evaluar similitudes, diferencias y tendencias contrastantes a nivel inter-sociedad. Integrando los tres registros, y ambos niveles de análisis, los resultados permiten inferir procesos de agencia social subyacentes a la producción/uso de artefactos de cultura material por cada sociedad fueguina. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the information about hunting, fishing and gathering artefacts produced/used by the First Nations of Tierra del Fuego, via the combined use of three sources of information about their past: archaeological, photographic and written records, from the 16th to the 20th centuries. The data for the Selk’nam and Yagan cases are firstly presented, by assessing the types of artefacts, tasks and genders involved in each case, in order to identify intrasociety trends. Both cases are then compared by focusing on each activity, in order to assess similarities, differences and contrasting trends at an inter-society level. The integration of the three records and both analytical levels provides results which allow inferences about the agencies underlying the production/ use of material culture artefacts by each Fuegian society. Fil: Fiore, Danae. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Asociación de Investigaciones Antropológicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentina Fil: Butto, Ana Rosa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Saletta María Jose. Universidad Nacional de la Matanza. Departamento de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; Argentina

Dysregulated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity is associated with various neurodevelopmental disorders ranging from idiopathic autism spectrum disorders to syndromes caused by single gene defects. This suggests that maintaining mTOR activity levels in a physiological range is essential for brain development and functioning. Upon activation, mTOR regulates a variety of cellular processes such as cell growth, autophagy and metabolism. On a molecular level, however, the consequences of mTOR activation in the brain are not well understood.Low levels of cholesterol are associated with a wide variety of neurodevelopmental disorders. We here describe numerous genes of the sterol/cholesterol biosynthesis pathway to be transcriptionally regulated by mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling in vitro in primary neurons and in vivo in the developing cerebral cortex of the mouse. We find that these genes are shared targets of the transcription factors SREBP, SP1 and NF-Y. Prenatal as well as postnatal mTORC1 inhibition downregulated expression of these genes which directly translated into reduced cholesterol levels pointing towards a substantial metabolic function of the mTORC1 signaling cascade. Altogether, our results indicate that mTORC1 is an essential transcriptional regulator of the expression of sterol/cholesterol biosynthesis genes in the developing brain. Altered expression of these genes may be an important factor contributing to the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders associated with dysregulated mTOR signaling.

Increasing numbers of studies seek to characterize the different cellular sub-populations present in mammalian tissues. The techniques “Isolation of Nuclei Tagged in Specific Cell Types” (INTACT) or “Fluorescence-Activated Nuclei Sorting” (FANS) are frequently used for isolating nuclei of specific cellular subtypes. These nuclei are then used for molecular characterization of the cellular sub-populations. Despite the increasing popularity of both techniques, little is known about their isolation efficiency, advantages, and disadvantages or downstream molecular effects. In our study, we compared the physical and molecular attributes of sfGFP+ nuclei isolated by the two methods—INTACT and FANS—from the neocortices of Arc-CreERT2 × CAG-Sun1/sfGFP animals. We identified differences in efficiency of sfGFP+ nuclei isolation, nuclear size as well as transcriptional (RNA-seq) and chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq) states. Therefore, our study presents a comprehensive comparison between the two widely used nuclei sorting techniques, identifying the advantages and disadvantages for both INTACT and FANS. Our conclusions are summarized in a table to guide researchers in selecting the most suitable methodology for their individual experimental design.

El artículo aborda el análisis de las estrategias de adaptación e integración desplegadas por los inmigrantes árabes en Chile, en la primera mitad del siglo XX, para enfrentar la turcofobia y discriminación a la que se vieron sometidos en un entorno en el que predominaba el paradigma orientalista civilizatorio. Se presentan los elementos claves del proceso, como la creación de instituciones de diverso carácter, las estrategias discursivas utilizadas para dar un giro a las connotaciones negativas de lo árabe y otorgarle una cadena de significaciones positivas, el rol multidimensional de la prensa, el compromiso político con las luchas de liberación nacional de sus sociedades de origen, y la construcción de una identidad árabe local en diálogo permanente con otras comunidades de migrantes árabes, especialmente la argentina.

Esta guía es para Ud. que desea saber cómo abordar la cría de lombrices rojas, una actividad amigable con él entorno que posibilita transformar desechos de origen vegetal y animal en abono, una manera de reinsertar un simple desperdicio (¿basura?) como fertilizante a nuestro ya castigado entorno. Un fertilizante con propiedades que lo distinguen por su excelencia y sentar bases para abordar corrientes de residuos diversas con nuestras “vedetes rojas”, desde los desperdicios que surgen en su hogar hasta corrientes de residuos originados ya sea en la producción vegetal, desde la huerta hasta cultivos extensivos y en la cría de distintos animales (aves, cerdos, conejos, cabras, vacas, caballos, etc.) a partir de sus estiércoles. Parece adecuado centrar la práctica en el lombricultivo a escala familiar. Una modalidad simple de procesar los residuos y que, además de familiarizarnos con su manejo, permite la obtención de una población de lombrices para luego utilizarlas como semillero para abordar la reconversión de corrientes de residuos vinculados con la producción animal a cualquier escala (véase estratégias de conducción). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche Fil: Schuldt, Miguel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Agencia de Extension Rural El Bolson; Argentina Fil: Schuldt, Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina Fil: Pareja, E. Asociación de Productores El Bolsón; Argentina Fil: Castrillo, Nelson. Asociación de Productores El Bolsón; Argentina Fil: Butto, A. Asociación de Productores El Bolsón; Argentina Fil: Cardozo, Andrea. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Agencia de Extensión Rural El Bolsón; Argentina

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the information about hunting, fishing and gathering artefacts produced/used by the First Nations of Tierra del Fuego, via the combined use of three sources of information about their past: archaeological, photographic and written records, from the 16th to the 20th centuries. The data for the Selk’nam and Yagan cases are firstly presented, by assessing the types of artefacts, tasks and genders involved in each case, in order to identify intra-society trends. Both cases are then compared by focusing on each activity, in order to assess similarities, differences and contrasting trends at an inter-society level. The integration of both levels, and the combination of the contents supported by each record, provide results which allow inferences about the agencies underlying the production/use of material culture artefacts by each Fueguian people En este trabajo se propone realizar un análisis comparativo de la información sobre los artefactos de caza, pesca y recolección producidos/utilizados por los Pueblos Originarios Fueguinos, a partir del uso combinado de tres registros de datos sobre el pasado: arqueológico, fotográfico y escrito, abarcando desde el siglo XVI hasta el XX. Se presentan primero los datos para los casos Selk’nam y Yagán, evaluando los tipos de artefactos, tareas y géneros involucrados en cada caso para identificar tendencias a nivel intra-sociedad. Se comparan luego ambos casos, focalizando en cada tarea, para evaluar similitudes, diferencias y tendencias contrastantes a nivel inter-sociedad. Integrando ambos niveles, y combinando los aportes de cada registro, los resultados permiten inferir procesos de agencia social subyacentes a la producción/uso de artefactos de cultura material por cada pueblo fueguino.

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto simplificar los procesos de reconversión de la materia orgánica sometida al lombricompostaje , sin dejar de lado el abanico de posibilidades de aplicación de diversas estrategias de manejo de las poblaciones de lombrices “rojas” (mal llamadas Californianas) y principalmente atendiendo a las necesidades/posibilidades de aplicación para cada modalidad de conducción de las lombrices y centrado en la economía de mano de obra para atender al lombricultivo de Eisenia fetida y Eisenia andrei. Con esta contribución se pretende delinear un ayudante práctico apuntando a la autosuficiencia del lombricultor que se inicia y deseé agregar valor al desperdicio que poseé para reconvertirlo en un abono de excelencia. Esta guía responde a necesidades detectadas en alumnos de nuestros cursos y capacitaciones, tanto presenciales como a distancia. La guía resulta, en buena medida, de actividades en curso en Colonia Cushamen y Fofo Cahuel (Chubut), que se integran con la apicultura regional y el manejo en torno a diversos cultivos (forrajes) y producciones (caprinos en particular) con miras a la autosuficiencia productiva, incluso con proyecciones en lo comercial (v.gr. lacto-quesero). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche Fil: Schuldt, Miguel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Agencia de Extension Rural El Bolson; Argentina Fil: Schuldt, Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina Fil: Pareja, E. Asociación de Productores El Bolsón; Argentina Fil: Castrillo, Nelson. Asociación de Productores El Bolsón; Argentina Fil: Butto, A. Asociación de Productores El Bolsón; Argentina Fil: Cardozo, Andrea. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Agencia de Extensión Rural El Bolsón; Argentina