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Era disrupsi Industri membawa banyak pengaruh dalam kehidupan manusia, hal ini juga yang mempengaruhi dunia pendidikan, Salah satu cara meningkatkan kompetensi guru di era revolusi industri 4.0 ini adalah membekali guru dengan kemampuan skala global yaitu Microsoft Office Specialist atau MOS. Dari permasalahan tersebut pelatihan kami berinisiatif untuk mengadakan Kegiatan Microsoft Office Specialist (MOS) Power Point bagi guru SMK/SMA di kota Bandung. Pelatihan ini mengadaptasi model pelatihan Goad, yaitu Model ini terdiri atas beberapa siklus diantaranya adalah: (1) analisis kebutuhan pelatihan; (2)desain pendekatan pelatihan; (3) pengembangan materi pelatihan; (4) pelaksanaan pelatihan; (5) evaluasi dan pemutakhiran pelatihan.

Perovskite solar cells (PSC) have become a growing research interest due to their flexibility, attractive properties, and low production cost. However, the thin-film structure of PSC often results in a not fully absorbed incident light by the active layer, which is crucial to determine PSC efficiency. Thus, the fabrication of an active layer with unique nanostructures is often used to enhance light absorption and general PSC efficiency. Using the theoretical simulation based-on Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) technique, this work demonstrates the successful improvement of light absorption by embedding corrugated void-like structure and perovskite thickness modification. The investigation of a corrugated void-type anti-reflection layer effect on light absorption is done by modifying the radius (r) and lattice constant (a) to obtain the optimum geometry. In addition, the MAPbI3 perovskite layer thickness is also adjusted to examine the optimum light absorption within the visible length to near-infrared. The theoretical calculations show that the optimum r = 692 nm and a = 776 nm. Meanwhile, the optimum absorber layer thickness is 750 nm. Compared to flat PSC, our proposed PSC absorbed more light, especially in the near-infrared region. Our result shows demonstrates the successful enhancement of light absorption by embedding corrugated void-like structure and modifying the perovskite thickness using a theoretical simulation based on the FDTD technique.

Instructional materials for static electricity and dynamic electricity for Physics subjects in Vocational High Schools are not in accordance with the scope of the material contained in the Electronics Department: (1) The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the teaching materials of static electricity and dynamic electricity in Physics in the Electronics Department; (2) Qualitative Content Analysis Method was used to explore the contents of seven book titles with different publishers and is strengthened through inter-views with Physics teachers in the Department of Electronics. In the process of analyzing the content of the contents of this textbook used Atlas.ti computer software; (3) The findings show that the content in the Vocational High School Physics books pub-lished by several publishers does not yet have specific conformity with the Department of Electronics; (4) conclusion. There are code relating to the content content, researchers only specify it into 39 code titles in the VHS Physics Textbook. from qualitative analysis. The level of compatibility of the content of the material with the 2013 Revised Curriculum was 42.86%, the availability of pictures was 75%, examples of questions from the equa-tions of each series were 85.71%, the suitability of the practicum with the Electrical Clump was 14.29%. content conformity with the Revised 2013 Curriculum and electro majors has a slightly low percentage of 42.86%. So in this study, the authors reconstruct VHS Physics teaching materials for the Electrical Department and also make VHS Physics teaching materials for the Electrical Clump.

In the third generation of the solar cell era, significant trends in the development of perovskite solar cells (PSC) were observed. Exploring suitable materials for its wafer structure, such as perovskite and electron transport layers (ETL), were a major emphasis of high-performance PSC development. Because of its matching band structure to MaPbI3, TiO2 is the most often utilized material for ETL. However, in the application of TiO2 to PSC, electron trapping and a wide energy gap become a drawback. The goal of this research is to improve the absorption performance of PSC employing ETL with Fe and Ta-doped TiO2 as well as the thickness of the material. The interaction between the electromagnetic waves of light and the solar cell structure was calculated using Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulations, which resulted in the absorption spectra. In comparison to pure TiO2, which absorbs only 79.5% of the incident light, Fe-TiO2 and Ta-TiO2 as ETL in solar cells have increased absorption spectra to 81.7% and 81.2%, respectively. Finally, we may conclude that the optimum ETL layer parameters are 0.32% Fe doping and a thickness of 100 nm.

Perovskite solar cells (PSC) are currently exhibiting reproducible high efficiency, low-cost manufacturing, and scalable electron transport layers (ETL), which are becoming increasingly important. The application of photonic crystals (PC) on solar cells has been proven to enhance light harvesting and lead solar cells to adjust the propagation and distribution of photons. In this paper, the optimization of a two-dimensional nanodisk PC introduced in ETL with an organic-inorganic lead-iodide perovskite (methylammonium lead-iodide, MAPbI3) as the absorber layer was studied. A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation was used to evaluate the optical performance of PSC with various lattice constants and a radius of nanodisk photonic crystals. According to the simulation, the optimum lattice constant and PC radius applied to ETL are 500 nm and 225 nm, respectively. This optimum design enhances PSC absorption performance by more than 94% of incident light.

SPR-based technology has emerged as one of the most versatile optical tools for analyzing the binding mechanism of molecular interaction due to its inherent advantages in sensing applications, such as real-time, label-free, and high sensitivity characteristics. SPR is widely used in various fields, including healthcare, environmental management, and food-borne illness analysis. Meanwhile, kidney disease has grown to be one of the world’s most serious public health problems in recent decades, resulting in physical degeneration and even death. As a result, several studies have published their findings regarding developing of reliable sensor technology based on the SPR phenomenon. However, an integrated and comprehensive discussion regarding the application of SPR-based sensors for detecting of kidney disease has not yet been found. Therefore, this review will discuss the recent advancements in the development of SPR-based sensors for monitoring kidney-related diseases. Numerous SPR configurations will be discussed, including Kretschmann, Otto, optical fiber-based SPR, and LSPR, which are all used to detect analytes associated with kidney disease, including urea, creatinine, glucose, uric acid, and dopamine. This review aims to show the broad application of SPR sensors which encouraged the development of SPR sensors for kidney problems monitoring.

In this paper, we determine the optical refractive indices of different molarities of glucose using nano-laminated gold/chromium (Au-Cr) thin film via Kretschmann-based Surface Plasmon Resonance (K-SPR) sensing with angular interrogation. The nano-laminated Au-Cr K-SPR sensor detects the glucose presence in low- and high-concentration of 4-12 mmol/L and 55-277 mmol/L, respectively, under the exposure of 670 nm and 785 nm optical wavelengths. The experimental results showed that the minimum limit of detection (LOD) of Au-Cr K-SPR is 4 mmol/L and the glucose sensor sensitivities are in average of 3.41 o/M and 2.73o/M at 670 nm and 785 nm optical wavelength, respectively. Stable sensitivity for each concentration also shown from the sensorgram results, indicates the stable performance of nano-laminated Au-Cr SPR sensor to detect glucose in the range from mmol/L up to dmol/L. Values of refractive indices for glucose molarities obtained are 1.33187 (4 mmol/L) and 1.3191 (4 mmol/L) at 670 and 785 nm wavelength, respectively. These RI values are beneficial for numerical simulation of glucose sensors using nano-laminated Au-Cr thin films which have been reported for the first time. The sensor can be eventually deployed in integrated photonic sensing devices comprising of multiple analyte detection for lab-on-chip (LoC) and point-of care (PoC) applications.

Water is a natural resource which is very beneficial for aquatic life in the fishpond. One of the considering factors for fishpond water is the pH level which greatly affects fish life sustainability. The study aims to design fiber optic-based sensors (FOS’s) that can monitor pH levels in the fishpond water. The wavelength values of potential light sources for the sensor, the refractive index value of cladding for FOS’s and the effect of changing pH levels on the sensitivity of FOS’s are also studied. The method we used is simulation method using the Lumerical MODE Solutions software. The parameters used in the study is the value of the light source wavelength, diameter, and length of the cladding, and the pH level values in the range of 6. 5-8.5. The results show that the light sources with 1550 nm and 1310 nm of wavelength are potential to be used as an ideal indicator of FOS’s. The optimum cladding’s refractive index for FOS’s is when the value is close to the core’s refractive index. The electric field also increases when the pH value increases. Furthermore, FOS’s resulted has a sensitivity value of 7. $18638\times 10^{-3}Vm^{-1}/au$ at a pH level of 7.5

The captivity and aquaculture in Indonesia are very potential to be developed due to a lot of resources including marine and freshwater. The suitable water condition for the pond requires lower salt content than seawater around to 0.5 to 30 gram/liter. This study aims to determine the value of the wavelength of the light source that produces significant power losses so that the optical fiber can be used as a sensor to detect the salinity in the water. The method used in this study is a simulation method using the Lumerical MODE Solutions software. The parameters used in the simulation include the value of light source wavelength, length, and diameter of cladding and concentration value of pond water solution from 0.5% to 3% (5000 ppm to 30000 ppm). The results show that the light wavelength of 1550 nm can generate significant power losses than 1310 nm so that it is more suitable for optical fiber sensors. Also, the higher value of the concentration of the salt solution the greater the power losses, because the value of electricity in the core-cladding limit is large. The sensor sensitivity value at a wavelength of 1550 nm is $2.26 \times 10^{-6} Vm^{1}$/ppm was obtained.

The application of microchip technology has the potential to detect early health aspects. The mixing process in the medical laboratory examination with a blood check is important to determine the overall health condition and provide information on the disease suffered and also determine the treatment carried out or the next stage. This paper aims to study the simulation of microfluidic mixer devices based on flattening channels for blood mixing applications. The finite element analysis is used to study the effect of flattening channel geometry related to the microfluidic mixer performance. The results show that the mixing index above 0.98 is obtained which means the fluid was mixed homogenously. As a consequence, rapid and efficient mixing remains a challenging task within the design and development of micromixers. Furthermore, from the Reynolds number variations, it revealed that the mixing index increase when the Reynolds number increase.

In this paper, the optimization of microfluidic mixers based on meander was performed. The microfluidic mixer is designed with three different structures developing a mixing of passive micro winding water and varying through three ratios. COMSOL Multi-physics was used to optimize the design. The results show that the meander structure with a geometry ratio of 1: 2 generates the highest mixing index than the other ratios. In addition, the increase in Reynolds number causes the mixing index improvement. The results from this study will benefit the future development of Lab on Chip applications.

A turbidity telemetry system for COVID-19 pandemic situations using nRF24L01+transceiver and SEN0189 water turbidity sensor-based microcontroller has been successfuly developed.. The method used to characterize the sensor is by comparing sensor output voltages with the value of water turbidity. Turbid water used was created by adding distilled water with a concentration of sediment obtained from the filtered sediment with less than 60 μm in diameter. Data transmission performance for various transmit power was done by calculating the error percentages by comparing the number of messages sent by transmitter and received by receiver. The transmit power settings were 0, -6, -12, and 18 dBm and variations in the distance of data transmission from 10 to 80 m. The test results show that the water turbidity sensor has a good measurement range in measuring turbidity of water from 1.873 to 3500 NTU. Higher concentrations of sediment and turbidity of the water made the sensor output voltage decrease. There was a decrease in output voltage in the value, namely -0.0006 in turbidity sensor sensitivity. The results also show an increase in error percentages as the distance of data transmission increases, while the bigger the transmit power is used for data transmission, the smaller the percentage of errors occurs.

This study aims to investigate (1) the availability of learning facilities for distance learning (or online learning), (2) the ability of students and teachers to utilize the learning facilities, and (3) how distance learning activities take place at public or private vocational high schools, specifically whether it is perceived to be more interesting than ordinary learning. This study used a survey method to obtain data and a quantitative descriptive method to analyze the data. The type of data in this study was primary based on the responses of respondents or individuals from groups representing the population of public and private vocational high schools, especially in the Electrical Engineering Clusters in the entire areas of West Java. The results revealed that online learning has been carried out in many public and private vocational high schools in West Java. This study indicates that the availability of online learning facilities, the utilization of facilities, and the online learning process in public vocational high schools were better than those in private vocational high schools. In general, students of both public and private vocational high schools stated that online learning is not more interesting than ordinary learning, although most of them can understand the lessons taught and they were given an opportunity by their teachers to actively participate during the learning process.

The properties of light and its interaction with biological analytes have made it possible to design sophisticated and reliable optical-based biomedical sensors. In this paper, we report the simulation, design, and fabrication of microring resonator (MRR)-based sensors for the detection of diabetic glucose levels. Electron Beam Lithography (EBL) with 1:1 hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) negative tone resist were used to fabricate MRR on a Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) platform. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was then used to characterize the morphology of the MRR device. The full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) and quality factors of MRR were obtained by using a tunable laser source (TLS) and optical spectrum analyzer (OSA). In this paper, the three-dimensional Finite Difference Time Domain (3D FDTD) approach has been used to simulate the proposed design. The simulation results show an accurate approximation with the experimental results. Next, the sensitivity of MRR-based sensors to detect glucose levels is obtained. The sensitivity value for glucose level detection in the range 0% to 18% is 69.44 nm/RIU. This proved that our MRR design has a great potential as a sensor to detect diabetic glucose levels.

In this study, we present a comprehensive review of polymer-based microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) electromagnetic (EM) actuators and their implementation in the biomedical engineering field. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary on the latest development of electromagnetically driven microactuators for biomedical application that is focused on the movable structure development made of polymers. The discussion does not only focus on the polymeric material part itself, but also covers the basic mechanism of the mechanical actuation, the state of the art of the membrane development and its application. In this review, a clear description about the scheme used to drive the micro-actuators, the concept of mechanical deformation of the movable magnetic membrane and its interaction with actuator system are described in detail. Some comparisons are made to scrutinize the advantages and disadvantages of electromagnetic MEMS actuator performance. The previous studies and explanations on the technology used to fabricate the polymer-based membrane component of the electromagnetically driven microactuators system are presented. The study on the materials and the synthesis method implemented during the fabrication process for the development of the actuators are also briefly described in this review. Furthermore, potential applications of polymer-based MEMS EM actuators in the biomedical field are also described. It is concluded that much progress has been made in the material development of the actuator. The technology trend has moved from the use of bulk magnetic material to using magnetic polymer composites. The future benefits of these compact flexible material employments will offer a wide range of potential implementation of polymer composites in wearable and portable biomedical device applications.

Si/Si 1-x Ge x /Si heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) has attracted tremendous attention and given impressive results in wide range of applications. However, since report on the effect of crystal orientation on the development of HBT is still rare, the purpose of this study was to investigate effect of crystal orientation on tunneling currents in an anisotropic Si/Si 0.5 Ge 0.5 /Si heterostructure with a nanometer-thick barrier. Si and Ge were used as a main element since these elements are indirect band gap materials. These elements are also anisotropic effective electron mass material. Therefore, the direction of the crystal orientation can be detected. In this paper, we also discussed the motion of an electron in an HBT with phase velocity under an applied bias voltage and involves the direction of the crystal orientation. Simulation results showed that tunneling currents have connection to the crystal orientation. Tunneling currents of orientation of 100 were greater than those of 110. Futhermore, the currents of both orientations were greater than 111. It also showed that coupling effect in tunneling current calculation is influenced by crystal orientation.

The purpose of this study was to design a model for microring resonators (MRRs) for biochemical detection. As a model, two types of MRRs were proposed. The Lumerical application software was used to optimize and analyze the design of MRRs device. Several parameters influencing the detection process were investigated, including the gap separation, the ring radius, the waveguide width and the etching depth dimension of MRRs. The results showed that these parameters highly influenced the condition of MRRs. The optimum parameters yielding optimum detection of biochemical are 4.5 um, 90 nm, 470 nm and 220 nm, corresponding to ring radius, separation gap, waveguide width and etching depth, respectively. The both models of MRRs proposed in this paper yield large values of FSR (free spectral range) and Q-factor therefore are suitable for biochemical detection.

The application of double barrier (DB) structure in p-i-n amorphous silicon (a-Si) device was studied. The theoretical study was done to obtain device parameters such as tunneling probability and current density. The tunneling probability was calculated by employing the Schroedinger equation, WKB approximation and Green function. Width of potential well, width and height of barrier were varied to obtain the highest tunneling probability value. The current density was contributed by diffusion, and tunneling current densities. It was found that current density had a peak of 3950 A/m2 at 0.56 volt forward bias. Furthermore, the fabrication of p-i-n a-Si device with double barrier structure was successfully carried out. To realize the double barrier structure, optimization of optical band gap of barrier a-SiC:H was done by varying ratio of CH4 to [CH4+SiH4]. The fabrication of p-i-n a-Si device was then done by using Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) technique with a structure of glass substrate/TCO/p-a-Si:H (2.15 eV;140Ã…)/i-a-Si:H (1.81 eV;1800 Ã…)/barrier a-SiC:H (2.36 eV;45 Ã…)/potential well i-a-Si:H (1/81 eV; 30 Ã…)/barrier a-SiC:H (2.36 eV; 45 Ã…)/n-a-Si:H (1.81 eV;180 Ã…)/Al. The I-V characteristic of the device showed a peak current calue at 0.55 forward bias. Simulasi dan Fabrikasi Struktur Double Barrier pada Divais Amorphous Silicon Sari. Aplikasi struktur double barrier (DB) pada divais amorphous silicon (a-Si) telah dilakukan untuk memperoleh beberapa parameter divais seperti probabilitas tunneling dan rapat arus. Probabilitas tunneling dihitung dengan menerapkan persamaan Schroedinger, pendekatan WKB dan fungsi Green. Lebar sumur potensial, lebar dan tinggi barrier telah divariasikan untuk memperoleh harga probabilitas tunneling yang maksimum. Rapat arus total dari divais dalam perhitungan ini merupakan jumlah dari rapat arus difusi dan rapat arus tunneling. Diperoleh bahwa rapat arus total memiliki nilai maksimum sebesar 3950 A/m2 pada tegangan bias maju 0,56 volt. Selanjutnya, telah berhasil juga difabrikasi divais p-i-n a-Si dengan struktur double barrier. Didapatkan bahwa karakteristik I-V dari divais menunjukkan adanya puncak rapat arus pada tegangan bias maju 0,55 volt. ihamidah@eudoramail.com

This study aims to determine student perceptions of air conditioning practicum services in vocational education. The scope of practicum services study is laboratory facilities, human resources, and laboratory support components. This study uses survey methods to obtain data and quantitative descriptive methods to analyze data. The type of data in this study is mainly based on the responses of respondents representing the population of refrigeration and air conditioning study programs at a vocational education institution in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. The results show that laboratories in vocational education can serve air conditioning practicum with good results. This study shows that laboratory facilities, human resources, and laboratory support components in vocational education can accommodate the implementation of air conditioning practices. In general, students stated that air conditioning practicum activities in the laboratory could be carried out well, even though the ratio between the number of equipment and students was still low and the evaluation of practicum activities was not yet comprehensive.

Social media have taken a big part of people’s lives within the industrial revolution era 4.0. One of the most widely used social media in Instagram, a platform to upload photos and videos with various purposes. This paper identifies the use of Instagram in digital learning, particularly with posts related to food. Various features on Instagram were sorted and analyzed. The results showed that the feed and story are the most effective features to promote food-related posts in comparison to the other feature: IGTV. It has also been inferred that Instagram is the most popular social media for business purpose which is a good thing for the industry.

It is commonly known that learning is shifting from teacher-centered to student-centered and from offline to online. This paper investigates the implementation of blended learning, learning involving both offline and online activities, utilizing relevant technologies. The results showed that blended learning is preferable as it promotes both face-to-face activities and online activities at the same time. The online activities can use both web-based or mobile-based devices which are familiar with the users. It is implied that online digital learning is taking a bigger portion in the near future.

The aims of the research were to study PLC (programmable logic controller) distance learning using remote lab system, in term of student’s responses. This study used survey data collection techniques and quantitative descriptive methods for data analysis. The respondents are public and private Vocational High Schools students in West Java, Indonesia. The results of the research indicated that he remote lab system developed by researchers is easy for students to use. The use of remote laboratories helped students in practicing PLC programming. Most of VHS’s students in West Java said that they would recommend the remote lab developed to other students. This indicated the satisfaction of students in using the remote lab for distance learning. In addition, students’ stated that the overall remote lab system can worked well, easy to use, and they were satisfied with PLC distance learning using the remote lab.

Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) energy harvester's research interests have been increasing rapidly, indicating that the topic has given significant contributions to the sustainable development of energy alternatives. Although many research activities have been conducted and reported since several years ago, only limited efforts have been made to analyze the research's impact in this area. In this paper, we report a bibliometric analysis on the research progress in MEMS for energy harvester. VOSviewer software is used to support the analyst that includes the distributions of the publication journals, authors, affiliations and the highly cited papers reporting the progress as well as the frequency of keywords and their relationships found in the search engine. The analysis is mainly aimed to identify the research map based on publication reports. 1772 papers were initially identified and summarized based on the analysis on three focused mainstream research topics in MEMS for alternative energy, such as MEMS energy harvester, power harvesting and energy scavenging, other term analogies to MEMS such as micromachines and microsystem were included in the analysis parameter. As a result, it is found that the study on the MEMS energy harvester is mostly categorized in the engineering field, while China has been conducting the most projects. The Journal MEMS and Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering have been the most journals publishing reports on MEMS energy harvester's research progress. Based on these analyses, some potential issues in future MEMS energy harvester research have been identified, including the contributions of new materials, the MEMS new structure's involvement, and the optimization of the vibration concepts and principles of MEMS energy harvester. These analyses would give an overview on the progress of the development and improvement in MEMS energy harvester and give a proper guideline for future MEMS research in the energy field., Bibliometric; MEMS; Energy harvester; VOSviewer.

A single-platform technology is currently shifting to a multi-platform technology as the industrial revolution era is also developing. This study aims to identify the implementation of multi-platform technology in the industry-driven educational context. It has been found that multi-platform technology has a more effective and efficient effects either in the educational or the industrial context. It is also implied that a mobile-based multi-platform technology is preferred due to its accessibility and usability.

The purpose of this research is to identify technology-based mixed reality devices used in education. A variety of operating systems such as Windows, Android, and iOS used by the devices are reviewed in this study. It has been revealed that Hololens and HTC Vive are the most widely used devices, particularly in vocational education. Hololens mainly uses virtual reality (mixed reality) with a complete holographic computer. In the meantime, HTC Vive is a set of devices enabling its users to experience virtual reality. It is recommended that industry-driven education utilize those devices so that they are capable of adapting with industrial revolution 4.0.

There is an increasing interest in the design of ultra-wideband (UWB) microwave components for UWB applications. One of the important components in the ultra-wideband application is power divider. In this paper, an ultra-wideband Wilkinson power divider (WPD) using ring structure and tapered line matching transformer is proposed. The aims of this research are to design an UWB WPD for feeding antenna UWB in use of detecting breast cancer. The method used in this research is simulation using finite integration based on CST STUDIO SUITE 2015 3D EM simulator software. This study shows the improvement of output responses due to the introduction of a tapered line and added isolation resistors. The bandwidth and input reflection coefficient are also improved by the ring structure. The proposed UWB WPD can be used for 1:2-way equal power division application in ultra-wideband range, such as UWB antenna which is operating in frequency 3-13 GHz. The simulation result shows that the return loss is better than -10 dB and the insertion loss is about 3.2 dB until 4.15 dB for the operating frequencies and impedance value of 50 ohms.

Diabetes mellitus is a disease of metabolic disorders where human blood contains a high amount of sugar level for a prolonged period. This study aims to simulate how effective sensor based on MRR and SPR for the purpose of diabetes monitoring. The results show that sensor based on MRR and SPR provides the ability to detect low level of glucose concentration as low as 7 mmol/L (0.13%) and the ability to detect resonance shift for very small glucose concentration change. Therefore, the sensor based on MRR and SPR can be used for diabetes monitoring. The sensitivity of the sensor based on MRR and SPR is 85.84 nm/RIU and 116.69 °/RIU respectively. These findings are important for the development of diabetes monitoring based on MRR or SPR.

Waveguide slot antenna has many benefits in term of high gain, simple design and stable performance that can be applied to telecommunications systems. This paper will discuss about the design and analysis of waveguide slot antenna for LTE (Long Term Evolution) at a frequency of 2.3 to 2.4 GHz. The results obtained will be used for reference whether the antenna can be used for LTE-TDD frequencies. This research was conducted in two steps. The first step involved simulation of antenna design and optimization using 3D Electromagnetic Simulator software. Data simulation results showed that the working frequency of the antenna between 2.30 to. While in the second step, fabrication and measurement were carried out using a spectrum analyser and network analyser. The results obtained from measurements show that the antenna has a frequency between 2.28 to 2.41 GHz with bandwidth 130 MHz. The antenna has a directional radiation pattern with a gain at a frequency of 2.3 MHz of 15.68 dBi. From the simulation results and measurement, it can be concluded that the design of these antennas can be used for LTE-TDD applications.

The radiation pattern is an important parameter of the antenna performance. This parameter needs to be measured not only accurately but also as fast as possible. For this purpose, the automatic measurement system has been developed. In this research, the system is implemented to analyze the radiation characteristic of a Yagi antenna by measuring its radiation pattern. The measurement result of the patterns is compared to those of the table characteristics of the Yagi antenna as well as a computer simulation. For this purpose, a Yagi antenna is designed and realized as the radiation pattern measurement object. Then, the students experiment to measure and analyze the effect of parasitic elements on the radiation pattern performance of the antenna. The questionnaire is carried out as the method of the research and directed to the students of the Telecommunication Study Program, Bandung State Polytechnic, to get the perception of the object performance.

Data communication is the process of sending data that involves two or more devices connected to the network. This is influenced by several factors, depends on the type of data and data conversion media. The data conversion component can be in the form of RS232, which uses max232 IC as a conversion from TTL to Serial data or vice versa. This tool is a development of a data communication trainer where can see the characteristics of data communication via graphic LCD. Input from the trainer can be in the form of logic sent through the LCD touchscreen and received by the microcontroller. The data input will enter an Arduino, as a control component. The Arduino will process the input data and send it out as signal corresponding to the input data along with the signal characteristics. This tool is also equipped with an IoT system where input data can be put in from the internet network, and the output signal will appear on the page provided. The application of IoT to this tool makes it a hybrid system where can be accessed either directly in the lab, or via the internet.

The Industrial Revolution 4.0 greatly affects the activity patterns of human life. Many sectors are feeling the impact of the industrial revolution 4.0, especially industry and education sectors. One of the technologies developed in the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, namely Cyber Physical System. This technology that integrates communications, control, and physically through the Internet. This paper was prepared aims to determine the model and the application of Cyber Physical Systems in the industry. The method used in the preparation of this paper, by reviewing the literature in journals that are in the range of 2014 - 2019. The search results and study, there are different models and ways of working are applied Cyber Physical Systems in industry. Based on these results of the study, it is hoped that alternative CPS models can be applied in the same field or developed in other relevant fields.

The purpose of the study this is to know how to work Geographical Information System (GIS) which can in be applied in educational vocation. The method of writing a paper is done through a literature study. The author analyzed 30 papers from the years 2014 to 2019 on the role of GIS in education vocational. Search results illustrate that GIS is a system of information-based computer that combines the elements of the map (geographically) and the data on the map of the (data attribute) that is designed to insert, processing, analyzing and displaying the data spatially are referencing the condition of the earth. The role of GIS is very reliable in helping the activities of learning are related to aspects of spatial.

The purpose of this study is to determine the experience of students doing air conditioning practicum in vocational education. Practicum activities which are the focus of this research are practicum objectives, preparation of practicum, conditions and number of practicum tools, practicum time, practicum implementation process, competence of lecturers and laboratory assistants, and practicum evaluations. This study used a qualitative method with research participants being students in the refrigeration and air conditioning expertise at a state university in Bandung. The informants involved in this study were seven students who had carried out the air conditioning practicum for in-depth interviews. The FGD (focus group discussion) interview method is used to get general information and individual interviews to get more specific data. The results of this study are expected to provide accurate information about the practicability of student practicum so that better improvements can be made in the future. The implementation of an ideal practicum will support students to develop hands-on and minds-on.

This research aims to develop fiber optic sensors that can be used to measure acid rain levels. This fiber optic sensor uses the evanescent wave type method. SFP (Small Form-factor Pluggable) Transceiver with a wavelength of 1310nm is used as a fiber optic transmitter and receiver, while the Optical Power Meter (OPM) is used as a validator to test the developed sensor capability. The measurement results indicate the presence of loses successfully detected by OPM and SFP Transceiver. It appears that the maximum value of pH level has been successfully detected with a range of values of 8.72 dBm to 9.75 dBm and 8.7 dBm to 9.74 dBm respectively using SFP Transceiver and OPM. Good results during the validation process show that the fiber optic sensor has successfully worked with a strong correlation of 0.78 to monitor acid rain levels.

Diabetes mellitus is a disease of metabolic disorders where human blood contains a high amount of sugar level for a prolonged period. This study aims to simulate the effectiveness of sensors based on microring resonator (MRR) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for diabetes monitoring. The results show that a sensor based on MRR and SPR provides the ability to detect low levels of glucose concentration as low as 7 mM (0.13%) and the ability to detect resonance shift for very small glucose concentration change. Therefore, the sensor based on MRR and SPR can be used for diabetes monitoring. The sensitivity of the sensor based on MRR and SPR is 85.84 nm/RIU and 116.69°/RIU, respectively. These findings are important for the development of diabetes monitoring based on MRR or SPR.

This study is to evaluate the surface of AISI 316 as an electrode material for water electrolysis under various potassium hydroxide (KOH) electrolyte concentrations. In the experimental method, AIS316 electrode and KOH solution put into the water electrolysis system. The electrolysis system was combined with the hybrid car engine system that consumed a combination of hydrogen and gasoline as the fuel source. KOH solution concentration was varied from 0 to 0.53M, which was then used to evaluate the surface of AISI 316 electrode as well as hybrid car performances. The experimental results showed that electrolyte solution concentration is an important parameter to maintain high-efficiency hydrogen generation. The more KOH added it gave benefits for creating the more hydrogen gas. However, it brought problems in the electrode surface corrosion. The optimum condition to get more hydrogen gas but with less corrosion damage was obtained when performing the process with 0.40 M of KOH. Indeed, the result also found that the more hydrogen gas being produced has a direct correlation to the reduction of fuel consumption and exhaust gas emission (e.g., CO2, CO, and NOx).

This study aims to determine (1) the value of light wavelengths yielding significant power losses which cause potential fiber optic to be used as a sensor, (2) the optimal value of the cladding refractive index for fiber optic based sensor application (3) loss power of fiber optic based sensor as a function of ammonia concentration. The method used is a simulation method using software Lumerical MODE Solutions. The parameters used in the simulation include the values of source wavelength, diameter and length of cladding and the values of ammonia solution concentration from 0 to 30 %. The results of simulation are (1) the source light wavelength of 1550 nm causes significant power losses that can yield the potential fiber optic to be used as a sensor, (2) the optimal value of the cladding refractive index for sensor applications is when the price approaches the value of core refractive index and (3) the increase in ammonia concentration cause slightly increase in power loss. It can be concluded that the wavelength of 1550 nm has more significant power losses than that of 1310 nm therefore it more sensitive to the change of ammonia concentration.

The verification of calculation results of the isotropic and anisotropic-isotropic mass models in Al/SiO2/Si MOS capacitor against the experimental data is presented, using electron transversal velocity as a fitting parameter. In the accumulation condition, the comparison yields the electron velocity of 2.8 x 106m/s for both isotropic and isotropic-anisotropic mass models. The tunneling current values for both models are slighly different with experimental data. In the inversion condition, the values of electron velocity for isotropic and isotropic-anisotropic model are 1.55 x 106m/s and 1 x 105m/s, respectively. The calculation results of isotropic-anisotropic mass model appear to be closer to the experimental data compared to those of isotropic mass model, due to the effect of electron effective mass.

Microring resonators (MRRs) is a compact and multi-functioned device which is mainly characterized by free spectral range (FSR) and quality factor (Q-factor). In this paper, the influence of glucose concentration to the resonant wavelength shift of MRRs is presented. The calculation was carried out using semi-numerical method for different values of FSR and Q-factor. The parameters used in the calculation including incident wavelength, ring radii of circular waveguide, gap sizes between circular and straight waveguides, the dimension of both waveguides, and refractive index of polymer, SiO2 and glucoce solution. The results show that glucose affects the resonant wavelength shift for each values of FSR and Q-factor. The increase of the glucose concentration causes the increase of the resonant wavelength shift, therefore this polymer-based MRR’s can be used for glucose sensing application.