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We have deduced the emission probability of the 447-keV γ ray from the ɛ+β+ decay of 137Ceg (9.0 h) relative to that of the 254-keV γ ray from the 137Cem (34.4 h) decay in transient equilibrium. The time-dependent factor in transient equilibrium was applied following the Bateman equation for a radioactive decay chain. The isotope was produced via the 139La(p,3n)137Cem,g reaction by bombarding natLa with a proton beam from the 88-in. cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. γ-ray intensities were measured using an HPGe detector. The emission probability for the 447-keV γ ray deduced in this work is 1.21(3) (that is 1.21 ± 0.03) per hundred parent decays, which differs significantly from an earlier published value of 2.24(10). We identify the source of this discrepancy to be an incorrect use of the time-dependent factor. Additionally, we have deduced the emission probability of the 504-keV γ ray from the decay of 85Yg (2.68 h) relative to that of the 232-keV γ ray from the 85Srm (1.127 h) decay in transient equilibrium. The isotope was produced via the 86Sr(p,2n)85Yg reaction by bombarding 86SrCO3 with a proton beam at the same facility. The study confirms the assumption of the time-dependent correction for recommending the emission probability of the 504-keV γ ray in the literature. Our work highlights the importance of explicit description by authors of any time-dependent correction they have made when reporting γ-ray intensities for nuclides in transient equilibrium. The need and significance of accurate and precise decay data of 137Ceg and 85Yg in basic science and medicine is briefly outlined.

This thesis analyses the relationship between Marcus Porcius Cato Censorius and his eldest son, Marcus Porcius Cato Licinianus, considering its importance for Cato's public image and political career, investigating its place within some of the central cultural debates of the 2nd century BC, and looking at the impact which this relationship had upon received impressions of Cato the Censor as presented by later Latin authors. This is done primarily through the examination of the written works which Cato addressed to Licinianus, the extant fragments of which are presented here, with a translation and commentary, in the first modern edition to treat these texts as a unified project. The subsequent sections of this thesis set the works which Cato addressed to his son within the context of the general cultural debate and individual political competition which engaged Rome's ruling elite during this period; Cato's adoption of a paternal persona within these works is related to the character's popular appeal in the military sphere and on the comic stage; and the didactic pose and agricultural instruction featured in these texts is used to illuminate some of the challenges posed to Cato's successful performance of his duties as censor. A final section considers the reappropriation of Cato's relationship with his son as found in the De officiis of Cicero, the Institutio oratoria of Quintilian, and the anonymous Disticha Catonis. This thesis suggests that the Censor's relationship with his son, and the works which he addressed to the young man, played a more significant part in Cato's public image and political career than has hitherto been acknowledged. These texts illuminate some of the finer points of Cato's clever political strategy and they offer fresh insight into the popular culture and elite competition of the period in which he lived. The relative importance of this relationship within Cato's public life helps to explain the popularity of later images of the Censor as a paternal and educational figure and offers us a better understanding of modern conceptions of Cato.

What makes a ‘good’ EU presidency? A comparison between the two most recent Italian and Irish experiences in office can be instrumental in evaluating the crucial factors that affect presidency performance. The argument is developed in three main stages. Firstly, four key roles are selected in order to benchmark presidencies. Secondly, these roles are applied to the empirical record as criteria to devise a score-card of the two presidencies under consideration. Thirdly, presidency-specific factors are elicited and analysed, arguing that intangible assets, such as knowledge of EU affairs (process expertise, content expertise and information); political credibility and reputation; and general attitudes towards European integration, are crucial in performing the roles of president-in-office effectively and legitimatel

In contrast with the textbook view of remote chemistry where HNO_3 formation is the primary sink of nitrogen oxides, recent theoretical analyses show that formation of RONO_2 (ΣANs) from isoprene and other terpene precursors is the primary net chemical loss of nitrogen oxides over the remote continents where the concentration of nitrogen oxides is low. This then increases the prominence of questions concerning the chemical lifetime and ultimate fate of ΣANs. We present observations of nitrogen oxides and organic molecules collected over the Canadian boreal forest during the summer which show that ΣANs account for ~20% of total oxidized nitrogen and that their instantaneous production rate is larger than that of HNO3. This confirms the primary role of reactions producing ΣANs as a control over the lifetime of NO_x (NO_x = NO + NO_2) in remote, continental environments. However, HNO_3 is generally present in larger concentrations than ΣANs indicating that the atmospheric lifetime of ΣANs is shorter than the HNO_3 lifetime. We investigate a range of proposed loss mechanisms that would explain the inferred lifetime of ΣANs finding that in combination with deposition, two processes are consistent with the observations: (1) rapid ozonolysis of isoprene nitrates where at least ~40% of the ozonolysis products release NO_x from the carbon backbone and/or (2) hydrolysis of particulate organic nitrates with HNO_3 as a product. Implications of these ideas for our understanding of NO_x and NO_y budget in remote and rural locations are discussed.

α decay of 249Bk has been investigated by measuring its α and γ-ray spectra, both in singles and in coincidence modes. The α spectrum of a freshly purified 249Bk sample was measured with a high-resolution, double-focusing magnetic spectrometer. γ singles, γ-γ coincidence, and γ-α coincidence spectra were also recorded. The absolute intensity of the 327.45-keV γ ray has been determined to be (1.44±0.08)×10-5% per 249Bk decay. Assignments of previously known single-particle states were confirmed. A new rotational band was identified in the α singles spectrum and Am K x rays have been observed in its decay. This single-particle state, with an energy of 154 keV, has been assigned to the 3/2-[521] Nilsson state. This is the lowest excitation energy for this orbital in any Am nucleus. More precise energies and intensities of the 249Bk α groups and γ-ray transitions are provided.

Executive Summary This report covers a number of different aspects of fuel poverty and older people. 1. An exploration of existing government survey data from Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland with a particular focus on older people and conducting additional targeted analyses where required. 2. An original survey in the Republic of Ireland exploring the lived experience of older people in cold weather. 3. A feasibility study of data logging thermometers placed in the homes of older tenants in local authority accommodation. 4. Analysis of excess winter mortality among older people including a consideration of differences between the two jurisdictions. Older people on the island of Ireland, as in many other countries, experience a ‘dual burden’ in terms of fuel poverty. They are more likely to experience fuel poverty and are also particularly vulnerable to health and social harm as a result of this experience. The numbers of older people vulnerable to ill-effects from cold homes will rise as numbers of people aged 80 and over, and those living with chronic illness or disability, increase. There were significant differences observed between expenditure-based, and subjective (EU-SILC) based fuel poverty indicators, for older people, and between Northern Ireland and Republic of Ireland data. This data required careful interpretation. The higher levels of fuel poverty recorded for older people on the island of Ireland appeared to be driven by all aspects of the fuel poverty model - poor housing condition, energy inefficient housing, rising fuel prices and low income. The majority of older people live in their own home and these homes tend to be older properties which are detached or semi-detached. Older people on the island are over-represented among houses which are in poor condition and which lack central heating in both jurisdictions. Lacking central heating was a more common experience for older people in the Republic of Ireland than in Northern Ireland. Data on energy efficiency measures were not comparable North/South but similar patterns were observed. Older people were less likely than the general population to have attic/loft or wall insulation or double glazing. Older people were also vulnerable from an income point of view. This would seem to be a particular issue in Northern Ireland where rates of income poverty are significantly increasing. In both jurisdictions older people were heavily reliant on social transfers to keep them out of poverty. Coupled with this, there is evidence that many older people are not claiming their full entitlements. Oil dependency was a particular issue in Northern Ireland. Very significant increases were observed in the price of heating oil, as well as electricity and gas in recent years. There was little available research evidence on the relationship between the older consumer and heating oil suppliers.

Nitrous acid (HONO) is an important precursor of the hydroxyl radical (OH) in the lower troposphere. Understanding HONO chemistry, particularly its sources and contribution to HOx (=OH+HO2) production, is very important for understanding atmospheric oxidation processes. A highly sensitive instrument for detecting atmospheric HONO based on aqueous long path absorption photometry (LOPAP) was deployed in the Biosphere Effects on Aerosols and Photochemistry Experiment (BEARPEX) at Blodgett Forest, California in late summer 2007. The median diurnal variation shows minimum HONO levels of about 20–30 pptv during the day and maximum levels of about 60–70 pptv at night, a diurnal pattern quite different from the results at various other forested sites. Measured HONO/NO2 ratios for a 24-h period ranged from 0.05 to 0.13 with a mean ratio of 0.07. Speciation of reactive nitrogen compounds (NOy) indicates that HONO accounted for only ~3% of total NOy. However, due to the fast HONO loss through photolysis, a strong HONO source (1.59 ppbv day−1) existed in this environment in order to sustain the observed HONO levels, indicating the significant role of HONO in NOy cycling. The LOPAP HONO measurements were compared to the HONO measurements made with a Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (CIMS) over a three-day period. Good agreement was obtained between the measurements from the two different techniques. Using the expansive suite of photochemical and meteorological measurements, the contribution of HONO photolysis to HOx budget was calculated to be relatively small (6%) compared to results from other forested sites. The lower HONO mixing ratio and thus its smaller contribution to HOx production are attributed to the unique meteorological conditions and low acid precipitation at Blodgett Forest. Further studies of HONO in this kind of environment are needed to test this hypothesis and to improve our understanding of atmospheric oxidation and nitrogen budget.

A study was conducted in Kassena-Nankana district, Ghana from April 1994 to April 1995 to assess the impact of insecticide-treated bednets on malaria and anaemia in pregnancy. A secondary objective was to assess the impact of insecticide-treated bednets on pregnancy outcome, although it was recognised that the sample size would be relatively small for this purpose. The study took place within a large-scale controlled trial designed to assess the impact of insecticide-treated bednets on child mortality. The study area was divided into 96 clusters of compounds and of these 48 clusters were randomly selected to receive the intervention (treated nets). The endpoints of the study were haemoglobin levels, parasitaemia and parasite density and weight of newborns which were recorded within 7 days of delivery. All pregnant women were included in the study but the target group of main interest was primigravidae and secundigravidae. A total of 2812 pregnant women, of all parities, were enrolled into the study; 1961 (70 percent) women were seen at least once at a study clinic of whom 641 were seen for a second time between 28-40 weeks gestation. At both clinic visits, blood was taken for haemoglobin determination and malaria parasitology. Chloroquine ELISA assays, using dried blood spots on filter paper, were performed for 64 percent of pregnant women at their first clinic visits. Data were obtained on 821 delivery outcomes, including 799 newborn weights recorded within 7 days of delivery. A cross-sectional survey was done to determine the distribution of haemoglobin levels and malaria parasitaemia in non-pregnant adult females. Focus group discussions were conducted to assess study women's attitudes to antenatal care and use of bednets. Bednet use provided no protection against anaemia defined as (HbclOO g/l), severe anaemia (Hb2000 parasitcs/pl or low : >0 parasite/pl) or low birth weight. The characteristics of women in the treated and the no net groups were comparable. Net usage was lower than expected, especially in primigravidae. Effective net use was as follows: primigravidae 42 percent (net coverage: 60 percent, use: 70 percent), secundigravidae 58 percent (net coverage: 80 percent, use: 72 percent), multigravidae 63 percent (net coverage: 86 percent, use: 73 percent). Below 10 percent of chloroquine ELISA assays were positive with no differences by treatment arms, parity or season. Odds ratios (ORs) for the different endpoints for those with nets in comparison to those without nets, based on an intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis did not show a statistically significant protective effect; First clinic visit: Anaemia Severe anaemia Low Parasitaemia High Parasitaemia -0.97 (0.86, 1.10) -0.91 (0.57, 1.43) - 1.13(0.54,2.38) -0.98 (0.85, 1.12) The following results were obtained when data for first and second clinic visits were combined (combined data) and restricted to one record per woman with at least 26 weeks gestation and including all second clinic visit records. Combined data: Anaemia - 0.88 (0.70, 1.09) Severe anaemia - 0.80 (0.55, 1.16) Low Parasitaemia - 0.89 (0.73, 1.08) High Parasitaemia - 1.11 (0.93, 1.33) Low birth weight: Adjusted (

To my second paper on the Báabís in the J.R.A.S. for 1889 I added an Appendix (App. IV, pp. 1000–1008), wherein I briefly described some of the chief Bábí works of which I had obtained MSS. in Persia, arranging these according to their authorship and the date of their composition, where these could be determined. Of the MSS. themselves (some of which were of composite character) I gave no description. This I now regard as an error of judgement, since, for many reasons (and chiefly that in the future, when they shall pass into other hands, there may be no difficulty in identifying them), it is desirable that their contents should be clearly and succinctly stated. This defect in my previous work I now propose to remedy; but I should not perhaps have done so were it not that since the year 1889 I have acquired a considerable number of new MSS. from authentic sources, a description of which may facilitate the identification of Bábí MSS. in other collections. To each of these MSS. I shall now give a distinctive press-mark, which shall be inscribed on the title-page, and which shall serve for its future identification. The whole class I denote by the letters BB (the first B indicating that they are Bábí MSS., the second that they form part of my collection).

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A collection of folklore and local history stories from Crieve (school) (Creeve, Co. Monaghan), collected as part of the Schools' Folklore Scheme, 1937-1938 under the supervision of teacher E. Browne., Stories of the Holy Family / Browne, E.A. -- Emblems and Objects of Value / Brown, E.A. -- Old Graveyards / Brown, E.A. -- Local Marriage Customs / Farlow, Isobel -- Famine Times / Farlow, Isobell -- Local Cures / Brown, E.A. -- Local Cures for Animals and Fowls / Brown, E.A. -- Local Sayings / Brown, E.A. -- Lore of Certain Days / Brown, E.A. -- Marriages / Bride, Gladys Mc -- Care of Feet / Bride, Gladys Mc -- Bread / Browne, E.A. -- Houses in Olden Times / Farlow, Isobell -- My Home District / Farlow, Isobell -- Games I Play / Farlow, Isobell -- Churning / Branyan, Lily -- Severe Weather / Browne, E.A. -- In Penal Times / Browne, E.A. -- Landlord / Brown, E.A. -- Old Crafts / Branyan, Lily -- Landlord / Farlow, Isobell, Supported by funding from the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht (Ireland), University College Dublin, and the National Folklore Foundation (Fondúireacht Bhéaloideas Éireann), 2014-2016.

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A collection of folklore and local history stories from Clochar na Toirbhirte, Lic Snámha (school) (Lixnaw, Co. Kerry), collected as part of the Schools' Folklore Scheme, 1937-1938 under the supervision of teacher An tSr. Gabriel.., Hidden Treasures -- Hidden Treasures -- Hidden Treasures -- Hidden Treasures -- Hidden Treasures -- Hidden Treasures -- Hidden Treasures -- Hidden Treasures / Heavey, Betty -- Hidden Treasures / Heavey, Betty -- Hidden Treasures / Carthy, Nora Mary Mc -- Ghost Stories / Carroll, Joan O' -- Ghost Stories / Carroll, Joan O' -- Ghost Stories / Carroll, Joan O' -- Ghost Stories / Carroll, Joan O' -- Ghost Stories / Carroll, Joan O' -- Ghost Stories / Carroll, Joan O' -- Ghost Stories / Carroll, Joan O' -- Local Customs / Carroll, Joan O' -- Riddles / Browne, Noreen -- Local Marriage Customs / Sheahan, Maureen -- Local Legends / Connell, Biddy O' -- Local Legends / Lyons, Molly -- Local Legends / Dore, Maureen -- Lixnaw / Dore, Maureen -- Monument / Dore, Maureen -- Smith, in treating of the Fitzmaurices, says that Clan Maurice had its name from Maurice, son of Raymond Le Gros, who married Basilia, daughter to Eve, daughter of Earl Strongbow. / Heavey, Betty -- Local Blessed Wells / Fitzgerald, Mary -- Local Blessed Wells / Fitzgerald, Mary -- Lixnaw -- Weather-Lore / Carthy, Nellie Mc -- Local Fairs / Carthy, Nellie Mc -- Churning / Trant, Jenny -- Leipreachán / Carthy, Nora Mary Mc -- Mermaid / Carthy, Nora Mary Mc -- Mermaid / Heavy, Betty -- Local Graveyards - Kiltomy / Trant, Jenny -- Local Graveyards - Dysert / Trant, Jenny -- Disused Graveyards - The Monument / Trant, Jenny -- Disused Graveyards - Killeen / Trant, Jenny -- Disused Graveyards - Gortinar / Trant, Jenny -- Disused Graveyards - Caherseen / Trant, Jenny -- Religious Knowledge / Trant, Jenny -- Religious Stories / Trant, Jenny -- Religious Stories / Trant, Jenny -- Religious Stories / Trant, Jenny -- Religious Stories / Trant, Jenny -- Religious Stories / Trant, Jenny -- Religious Stories / Trant, Jenny -- Religious Stories / Trant, Jenny -- Forts / Browne, Eileen -- Forts / Browne, Eileen -- Forts / Browne, Eileen -- Forts / Browne, Eileen -- Forts / Browne, Eileen -- Forts - Aghabeg Fort / Browne, Eileen -- Forts - Aghabeg Fort / Browne, Eileen -- Forts - Ballincloher Fort / Browne, Eileen -- Forts - Ballincloher Fort / Browne, Eileen -- Forts - Kiltomey Fort / Browne, E. -- Forts - Liscullane Fort / Browne, Eileen -- Forts - Liscullane Fort / Browne, Eileen -- Lios Lár / Browne, Eileen -- Forts - Lios Íochtair / Browne, Eileen -- Forts - Lios Íochtair / Browne, Eileen -- Forts - Lios Íochtair / Browne, Eileen -- Forts - Lios Íochtair / Browne, Eileen -- Forts - Fort Field / Browne, Eileen -- Forts - The Black Fort / Browne, Eileen -- Forts - Ballintogher Fort / Browne, Eileen -- Forts - McAuliffe's Fort / Browne, Eileen -- Forts - The Fort of the Spancils / Browne, Eileen -- Forts - Liosín na Píobairí / Browne, Eileen -- Local Industries / Trant, Jenny -- Local Industries - Candle-Making / Trant, Jenny -- Local Industries - Dye-Works / Trant, Jenny -- Local Industries - Poteen / Trant, Jenny -- Local Industries - Súgán-Making / Trant, Jenny -- Local Industries - Thatching / Trant, Jenny -- Local Industries - Barrel and Churn-Making / Trant, Jenny -- Local Industries - Starch-Making / Trant, Jenny -- Local Industries - Lime-Kilns / Trant, Jenny -- Local Cures / Fitzmaurice, Peggie, Supported by funding from the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht (Ireland), University College Dublin, and the National Folklore Foundation (Fondúireacht Bhéaloideas Éireann), 2014-2016.

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Ross, E. Denison, and Browne, E. G.Catalogue of two collections of Persian and Arabic manuscripts preserved in the India Office Library(London:Eyre and Spottiswoode,1902). Manuscripts, Arabic -- Catalogs Manuscripts, Persian -- Catalogs Manuscripts -- England -- Catalogs. Manuscripts. Manuscripts, Arabic. Manuscripts, Persian ed note: Collections of Sir William Jones andBurjorjee SorabjeeAshburner ed note: Linkto page turning version in archive.org

Browne, Edward Granville, and Reynold Alleyne Nicholson.A Descriptive Catalogue of the Oriental Mss. Belonging to the Late E. G. Browne: Completed & Edited With a Memoir of the Author and a Bibliography of His Writings, by Reynold A. Nicholson. Cambridge [Eng.]: University Press, 1932. Manuscripts Manuscripts, Oriental -- Catalogs. Manuscripts -- Great Britain -- Catalogs

PSA testing is widespread throughout Europe for diagnostic purposes and follow up. We performed a prospective outpatient cohort study of 250 men (2013-2015) in two hospital sites. Included were those men being followed up by urology with PSA blood testing. First appointments and those men in whom non-PSA tests were ordered by urology were excluded. The median age was 67.2yrs (46-88). Eighty-one point two percent of samples had a combination of 21 different serology tests at an added cost of€18,000. Abnormal serology resulted in 53 referrals. Twenty-six-six percent of correspondence referenced abnormal serology other than PSA. Follow up of non-PSA test results poses a challenge in an outpatient setting with failure to appropriately follow-up on abnormal results, increased costs, and medico-legal implications. There is currently no Irish legislature in place to safeguard hospital physicians. This study quantifies the levels of expenditure, resources and risk associated with ambulant PSA testing.