Search

International audience; The real impact of nanoparticles on male fertility is evaluated after a careful analysis of the available literature. The first part reviews animal models to understand the testicular biodistribution and biopersistence of nanoparticles, while the second part evaluates their in vitro and in vivo biotoxicity. Our main findings suggest that nanoparticles are generally able to reach the testicle in small quantities where they persist for several months, regardless of the route of exposure. However, there is not enough evidence that they can cross the blood-testis barrier. Of note, the majority of nanoparticles have low direct toxicity to the testis, but there are indications that some might act as endocrine disruptors. Overall, the impact on spermatogenesis in adults is generally weak and reversible, but exceptions exist and merit increased attention. Finally, we comment on several methodological or analytical biases which have led some studies to exaggerate the reprotoxicity of nanoparticles. In the future, rigorous clinical studies in tandem with mechanistic studies are needed to elucidate the real risk posed by nanoparticles on male fertility.

(1) Background: Ocimum basilicum L. is an aromatic medicinal plant of the Lamiaceae family known as sweet basil. It is used in traditional medicine for its beneficial effects on gastrointestinal disorders, inflammation, immune system, pyrexia or cancer among others. Ocimum basilicum (OB) leaf extracts contain many phytochemicals bearing the plant health effects but no reports is available on the potential bioactivity of stem extracts. Our investigation aimed at assessing the differential biological activity between basil leaf and stem to promote this co-product valorization. (2) Method: For this purpose we explored phytochemical composition of both parts of the plant. Antioxidant activity was evaluated through total polyphenol content measure, DPPH and ORAC tests. Anti-inflammatory markers on stimulated macrophages, including NO (nitric oxide), TNFa (tumor necrosis factor alpha), IL-6 (interleukin 6), MCP1 (monocyte attractant protein 1) and PGE-2 (prostaglandin E2), were evaluated. In addition, we investigated OB effects on jejunum smooth muscle contractility. (3) Results: OB extracts from leaves and stems demonstrated a different biological activity profile at the level of both antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and smooth muscle relaxation effects. (4) Conclusion: Taken together our results suggest that Ocimum basilicum extracts from co-product stems, in addition to leaves, may be of interest at the nutrition-health level with specific therapeutic potential.

(1) Background

(1) Background

Resume En ORL, l’examen clinique et les gestes invasifs sur les voies respiratoires et leurs annexes exposent a la transmission directe du SARS-CoV-2 par inhalation ou projection oculaire de gouttelettes contaminees, ou indirecte manuportee ou par l’intermediaire d’objets ou de surfaces contaminees. L’estimation d’un R0 de la COVID-19 a environ 3 a justifie de reporter les rendez-vous des consultations presentielles non urgentes et de developper la tele-consultation afin de limiter les risques d’infection par le SARS-CoV-2 des patients ou des agents de sante et de participer au respect du confinement. L’autorite sanitaire a recommande de deprogrammer toute activite ORL chirurgicale ou medicale non urgente et sans prejudice de perte de chance pour les patients. Cette deprogrammation a eu pour objectif d’augmenter tres significativement la capacite de soins critiques, prioriser l’accueil de malades de patients COVID-19, prioriser l’affectation des personnels et la mise a disposition des materiels necessaires a leur fonctionnement, contribuer a la fluidite de l’aval des soins critiques au sein de leur etablissement. Il s’agissait egalement de ne pas exposer les malades concernes a un risque d’exposition infectieuse. Cet article propose des orientations concernant les indications et modalites de realisation de la chirurgie ORL et la gestion des reports d’intervention dans le contexte pandemique actuel. Il ne s’agit que de conseils de bonne pratique qui doivent naturellement etre modules dans chaque region en fonction de l’evolution de l’epidemie et des organisations preexistantes, et ce dans le cadre de concertations entre les equipes ORL, les unites operationnelles d’hygiene et toutes les autres specialites concernees.

International audience; Better understanding how audience size influences emotions and behaviours during public performances is of particular importance since it may both impact the level of anxiety and quality of achievement of the performer and alter the degree of appreciation of the observer. We tested this question in a naturalistic setting by analyzing self-assessment questionnaires, Galvanic skin responses and behaviours of actors and spectators during theatrical representations with small, medium and large audiences. We found that: actors and spectators differed in their perception of the effects of audience size; the different components of emotions (cognitive, physiological, behavioural) were affected differently by audience size, which was also modulated by the individual’s status; actors and spectators differed in their representation of the others’ emotional state. Although our study remains exploratory, our findings highlight the complexity of the audience effect when comparing observers’ and performers’ emotions.

In Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, clinical examination and invasive procedures on the respiratory tract and on airway-connected cavities, such as paranasal sinuses and the middle ear, expose people to direct transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by inhalation or ocular projection of contaminated droplets, and to indirect transmission by contact with contaminated hands, objects or surfaces. Estimating an R0 of COVID-19 at around 3 justified postponing non-urgent face-to-face consultations and expanding the use of teleconsultation in order to limit the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection of patients or health workers and comply with the lockdown. The health authority recommends cancellation of all medical or surgical activities, which are not urgent as long as this does not involve a loss of chance for the patient. The purpose of this cancellation is to significantly increase critical care capacity, prioritise the reception of patients with COVID-19, prioritise the allocation of staff and provision of the equipment necessary for their medical or surgical management, and contribute to the smooth running of downstream critical care within their establishment. Another goal is to reduce the risks of patient contamination within healthcare facilities. This document provides guidance on how to proceed with and adapt ENT surgery in the current pandemic context, as well as on the management of postponed operations. This best practice advice must of course be adapted in each region according to the development of the epidemic and pre-existing arrangements. Their local application can only be decided within the framework of collaboration between the ENT teams, the operational hygiene units and all the other specialties concerned.

In this work, an overview of the Weiss molecular mean-field theory, the Bean–Rodbell model and the Landau theory is presented, providing the theoretical background for simulating the magnetocaloric properties for La0.6Ca0.2Na0.2MnO3 manganite. Results showed that sample exhibits second-order ferromagnetic (FM)–paramagnetic (PM) magnetic phase transition and relatively higher values of magnetic entropy change (−∆SM). In application point of view, this material can be used in magnetic refrigeration technology. The theoretical values of −∆SM determined using each theory agree well with the experimental ones estimated from Maxwell relations. In other part, a good agreement in the spontaneous magnetization values, Mspont(T), estimated from (−∆SM vs. M2) and (H/M vs. M2) data was found. Also, the values of the critical exponent (β) found from both methods are close and check that the mean-field model is adequate to study the MCE in La0.6Ca0.2Na0.2MnO3 sample.

Ni0.4Cd0.3Zn0.3Fe2O4 ferrites have been prepared through the use of sol-gel method at 900 °C and 1100 °C. Rietveld refinements of XRD patterns indicate that the prepared samples crystallize in the cubic spinel structure. Lattice constant and grain size are found to increase with sintering temperature. Magnetic measurements show that the maximum magnetization (Ms) rises, whereas both coercivity (Hc) and remanence (Mr) decrease when increasing the sintering temperature. Frequency and temperature dependence of electrical conductivity, electrical modulus, and electrical impedance have been studied using impedance spectroscopy technique. As the sintering temperature increases, the conductivity of the samples increases. The variation of imaginary part of modulus (M″) displays the presence of an electrical relaxation phenomenon and non-Debye nature. Nyquist representations have been analyzed using an electrical equivalent circuit. The obtained results reveal that the conduction mechanism of the samples is achieved basically of the grain boundary contribution.

Importance: A validated biomaterial would have several medical advantages in septorhinoplasties requiring a large-volume graft such as avoiding donor site morbidity, making ambulatory surgery possible, and reducing surgical costs. Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of a ceramic to treat saddle and crooked noses. The main endpoint was the biocompatibility of the implant. The secondary endpoint was its functional and aesthetic efficacy. Design, Setting, and Participants: The nasal septum (NASEPT) study is a pilot multicenter noncomparative prospective phase IIa clinical trial. The biomaterial tested was a biphasic calcium phosphate implant composed of 75% hydroxyapatite and 25% beta tri calcium phosphate. This versatile material can be used to replace septal skeleton when it is absent or nonusable. We included 25 patients with a multifractured osseous and cartilaginous framework after several traumas or surgeries. The implant placement technique was identical to an extracorporeal septoplasty through the external approach. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary endpoint was the occurrence of expected adverse and severe adverse events. The secondary endpoints were clinical functional and aesthetic results and histological microscopic modifications. Results: Any extrusion, infection, pain, and epistaxis were observed. All implants were placed in a sagittal, straight, and solid position without extralobular depression. Comparisons between pre- and postoperative symptoms showed that nasal comfort (p

Background Screen use is part of daily life worldwide and morbidity related to excess use of screens has been reported. Some use of screens in excess could indicate a screen use disorder (ScUD). An integrative approach to ScUD could better fit the polymodal reality of screens, and concurrent problems with screens, than a split approach, activity by activity. In that paradigm, a pragmatic and operationalized approach to study a potential ScUD requires the use of common criteria, for all screens and activities done on screens, in a single questionnaire. Objective Our goals were (1) to describe screen uses in a general population sample and (2) to test the unidimensionality, local independence, and psychometric properties of the 9 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) internet gaming disorder (IGD) criteria adapted to screen use in a community sample. We hypothesized that the 9 DSM-5 IGD criteria adapted to ScUD would show unidimensionality, local independence, and good discrimination, with criteria distributed on the severity continuum. Methods This cross-sectional survey in a French suburban city targeted adults and adolescents. A self-administered questionnaire covered the main types of screens used and their use for various activities in the past month. Presence of ScUD diagnostic criteria in past 12 months was also self-evaluated in the questionnaire. Factor and 2-parameter Item Response Theory analysis were used to investigate the dimensionality, local independence, and psychometric properties of the ScUD criteria. Results Among the 300 participants, 171 (57.0%) were female (mean age 27 years), 297 (99.0%) used screens, 134 (44.7%) reported at least one criterion (potential problem users), and 5 (1.7%) reported 5 or more criteria and endorsed an ScUD. The most endorsed criteria were loss of control (60/300, 20.0%) and preoccupation (52/300, 17.3%). Screen types used and screen activities differed between participants with no ScUD criteria and those with at least one ScUD criterion. The latter were more likely to have a computer as the most used screen type, and more video gaming, communication/social network, and watching news and research of information as activities. Unidimensionality was confirmed by all fit indices. Local independence was confirmed by the absence of residual correlation between the items. Criteria had relatively high factor loading, with loss of interest in other recreational activities having the highest. However, criteria with the lowest factor loading all remained above the cut-offs, sanctioning unidimensionality. Most discriminating criteria were loss of interests, preoccupation, deceive/cover up, and risk/lose relationship/opportunities, which also provided the most information on the measurement of the latent trait. Conclusions We described screen uses in a French community sample and have shown that the adaptation of the DSM-5 IGD to “ScUD” has good psychometric validity and is discriminating, confirming our hypothesis. We suggest to use those criteria to assess potential “ScUD.” Further studies should determine if all criteria are needed and whether others should be added.

Introduction: Silicon dioxide, produced as synthetic amorphous silica (SAS), is made of nanoparticles (NPs), either present as such or as agglomerates and aggregates, and is widely used in many types of food processes and products as an additive. To assess whether repeated, long-term exposure to SAS NPs may result in adverse effects, mice were exposed for 18 months via drinking water to NM-200, one of the reference nanostructured silica used for applications related to food, at 4.8 mg NM-200/kg body weight per day, a dose relevant to the estimated dietary exposure to SAS in humans. Methods: The experiment focused on the kidney and liver as target organs and was carried out in parallel using 3 mouse lines (wild type and transgenic) differing for the expression of α-synuclein, that is, murine and human mutated (A53T). Sensitive determination of silicon revealed higher contents in liver and kidneys of NM-200–exposed mice compared with unexposed aged-matched controls. Results: Histological abnormalities, such as vacuolization of tubular epithelial cells, were detected in all kidneys, as well as inflammatory responses that were also detected in livers of exposed animals. Less frequent but more deleterious, amyloidosis lesions were observed in glomeruli, associated with perivascular amyloid accumulation in liver. Conclusion: These histological findings, in conjunction with the observation of detectable deposition of silica, highlight that chronic oral intake of SAS may pose a health risk to humans and need to be examined further. Keywords: chronic oral exposure, E551, kidney, mice, nanoparticles, silica

We report the experimental investigation of bipolar resistive switching with “table with legs” shaped hysteresis switching loops in epitaxial perovskite GdBaCo2O5+δ/LaNiO3 bilayers deposited by pulsed laser deposition. The possibility of varying the resistivity of GdBaCo2O5+δ by changing its oxygen content allowed engineering this perovskite heterostructure with controlled interfaces creating two symmetric junctions. It has been proved that the resistance state of the device can be reproducibly varied by both continuous voltage sweeps and by electrical pulses. The symmetric devices show slightly non-symmetric resistance profiles, which can be explained by a valence change resistive switching model, and presented promising multilevel properties required for novel memories and neuromorphic computing., This work has been financed by the ANR funded project “MICROSWITCH” (ANR-14-ACHN-0012) and by the “FUN-TO-BE” CNRS-CSIC supported International Program for Scientific Cooperation (PICS, n°PICS07294). In addition, this work has been performed with the help of the “Plateforme Technologique Amont” de Grenoble, with the financial support of the “Nanosciences aux limites de la Nanoélectronique Fundation” and CNRS Renatech network and has benefited from the facilities and expertise of the OPE)N(RA characterization platform of FMNT (FR 2542, fmnt.fr) supported by CNRS, Grenoble INP and UGA.

The next generation of electronic devices requires faster operation velocity, higher storage capacity and reduction of the power consumption. In this context, resistive switching memory chips emerge as promising candidates for developing new non-volatile memory modules. Manganites have received increasing interest as memristive material as they exhibit a remarkable switching response. Nevertheless, their integration in CMOS-compatible substrates, such as silicon wafers, requires further effort. Here the integration of LaMnO3+δ as memristive material in a metal–insulator–metal structure is presented using a silicon-based substrate and the pulsed injection metal organic chemical vapour deposition technique. We have developed three different growth strategies with which we are able to tune the oxygen content and Mn oxidation state moving from an orthorhombic to a rhombohedral structure for the active LaMnO3+δ material. Furthermore, a good resistive switching response has been obtained for LaMnO3+δ-based devices fabricated using optimized growth strategies.

International audience; (1) Background: The anthropogenically induced rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and associated climate change are considered a potential threat to human nutrition. Indeed, an elevated CO2 concentration was associated with significant alterations in macronutrient and micronutrient content in various dietary crops. (2) Method: In order to explore the impact of elevated CO2 on the nutritional-health properties of tomato, we used the dwarf tomato variety Micro-Tom plant model. Micro-Toms were grown in culture chambers under 400 ppm (ambient) or 900 ppm (elevated) carbon dioxide. Macronutrients, carotenoids, and mineral contents were analyzed. Biological anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactivities were assessed in vitro on activated macrophages. (3) Results: Micro-Tom exposure to 900 ppm carbon dioxide was associated with an increased carbohydrate content whereas protein, minerals, and total carotenoids content were decreased. These modifications of composition were associated with an altered bioactivity profile. Indeed, antioxidant anti-inflammatory potential were altered by 900 ppm CO2 exposure. (4) Conclusions: Taken together, our results suggest that (i) the Micro-Tom is a laboratory model of interest to study elevated CO2 effects on crops and (ii) exposure to 900 ppm CO2 led to the decrease of nutritional potential and an increase of health beneficial properties of tomatoes for human health.

International audience; We have successfully synthesized and transferred graphene (Gr) monolayers on top of epitaxial mixed valence La0.7Sr0.3CoO3 (LSCO) thin films. Raman spectroscopy reveals that Jahn-Teller (JT) modes associated with the oxygen octahedral distortions usually unobserved for bare LSCO are activated by the deposited graphene. The appearance of these JT modes in the Gr/LSCO heterostructure is attributed to the electronic interactions at the interface between the graphene and the LSCO thin film promoting intermediate spin states of the Co ions. As a result, the magnetic properties of LSCO are affected. Indeed, magnetization measurements show a phase transition at ~135 K which is due to the presence of the graphene while the ferromagnetic transition of bare LSCO films is observed at~200 K. This magnetic phase is confirmed by Raman spectroscopy measurements as a function of temperature revealing a vibrational transition around the same temperature.

Guiana is a little-known and endemic variety of cocoa (Theobroma cacao), native to French Guiana. No data were available regarding its chemical composition and biological properties, therefore, a study was necessary, using Forastero as a reference. To exemplify biological activities of the cacao species, cocoa extracts were evaluated by antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP, ORAC) and anti-inflammatory assays. Our results showed that raw Guiana presented equivalent DPPH and FRAP activities, but a 1.3-fold higher antioxidant activity (1097 ± 111.8 μM ET/g DM) than Forastero (838.5 ± 67.8 μM ET/g DM) in ORAC assay. Furthermore, the impact of fermentation (under four conditions: unfermented, two days, four days and six days of fermentation) on Guiana cocoa beans composition and health properties was also studied. Indeed, fermentation, a key step necessary to obtain the taste and color of chocolate, is generally known to alter bean composition and modulate its health benefits. At six days, the fermentation process led to a nearly 25% lower antioxidative capacity in various assays. Moreover, in inflammation-induced macrophage assays, Guiana and Forastero unfermented extracts induced a 112% stimulation in TNF-α production, and a 56.8% inhibition of IL-6 production. Fermentation altered the cocoa composition by diminishing bioactive compounds, which could be responsible for these biological activities. Indeed, after six days of fermentation, compounds decreased from 614.1 ± 39.3 to 332.3 ± 29 mg/100 g DM for epicatechin, from 254.1 ± 14.8 to 129.5 ± 20.7 mg/100 g DM for procyanidin B2 and from 178.4 ± 23.5 to 81.7 ± 2.9 mg/100 g DM for procyanidin C1. The similar composition and the equivalent or higher antioxidant activity of Guiana leads us to propose it as an alternative to Forastero.

Ionic transport-related phenomena are of primary importance for the development and miniaturization of energy conversion devices such as solid oxide fuel cells and electrolysers, oxygen separation membranes and memristive devices. By using LaMnO3 (LMO) epitaxial thin films, we studied the effects of temperature, extended structural defects and strain on the oxygen mass transport properties of this parent compound perovskite by isotope exchange depth profiling. By combining the oxygen transport measurements with a detailed structural characterization using several complementary techniques, we showed that the combination of extended defects and strain relaxation accelerates the oxygen transport across the LMO film. Additionally, we demonstrated that the oxygen diffusion at 500 °C is extraordinary high due to the prevalence of the orthorhombic structure in the film, together with a high concentration of oxygen vacancies. These promising results open new perspectives for the use of LMO below its transition temperature for low temperature solid-state electrochemical applications in which oxygen diffusion is the key parameter determining the device performance.

International audience; Pain, increase of body temperature, skin redness and swelling are the main symptoms of the inflammatory process. Inflammation is a well-known contributing factor to many agerelated chronic diseases. Mycotherapy is one strategy to prevent or suppress inflammation.Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) is an edible mushroom grown and marketed for centuries mainly in Asian countries due to its nutritional and medicinal properties [1-2]. Shiitake hasmultiple pharmacological activities as antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects [3-4].

Structural analysis, magnetocaloric properties, and theoretical investigations of the magnetocaloric effect were carried out in the crystalline La0.7Ba0.15Ag0.15MnO3 manganite prepared using sol-gel route. The phase purity and structure of this sample were checked by X-ray diffraction technique and Rietveld analysis. From magnetic measurements, the ferromagnetic to paramagnetic (FM-PM) phase transition was observed around TC = 255 K. The maximum change in magnetic entropy ( $$ \Delta {S}_M^{max} $$ ) and relative cooling power (RCP) extracted from magnetic measurements were 3.48 J × kg-1 × K-1 and 225 J × kg-1 at an applied magnetic field of 5 T. These magnetocaloric parameters offer to the sample the possible use in the magnetic refrigeration technology. The magnetic entropy simulation by using different theories such as the Weiss molecular mean-field theory and the Landau theory shows good correlation between the theoretical values of −∆SM(T) and the experimental ones estimated from Maxwell relation.

In this study, we investigated the structure and magnetic properties of Nd0.88MnO3 (NMO) perovskite thin-film layers by liquid-injection metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) tried on SrTiO3 (STO) (100) substrates. The structural examinations showed that the growing film was amorphous. It changed to the crystalline phase after being annealed at 900°C in air for 24 h. A minor secondary phase identified as Mn3O4 appeared. The film was subjected to in-plane (IP) tensile stress leading to a contraction of the film’s out-of-plane (OOP) lattice parameters. The orientation relationships for the film structure are described near the interface as $$ \left[ {10\bar{1}} \right] $$ NMO// $$ \left[ {100} \right] $$ STO and $$ \left[ {010} \right] $$ NMO// $$ \left[ {001} \right] $$ STO. The NMO thin film showed ferromagnetic ordering with a transition temperature TC = 85 K. The large bifurcation between ZFC and FC curves with a cusp at Tf = 53 K; and an irreversible temperature Tirr = 48 K proves that the spin-glass behavior with long-range ferromagnetic order (Mn3+-O2−-Mn4+) co-exists in NMO thin films. The magnetic easy axis corresponded to the surface normal.

The HVAC system represents the main auxiliary load in battery-powered electric vehicles (BEVs) and requires efficient control approaches that balance energy saving and thermal comfort. On the one hand, passengers always demand more comfort, but on the other hand the HVAC system consumption strongly impacts the vehicle’s driving range, which constitutes a major concern in BEVs. In this paper, a thermal comfort management approach that optimizes the thermal comfort while preserving the driving range during a trip is proposed. The electric vehicle is first modeled together with the HVAC and the passengers’ thermo-physiological behavior. Then, the thermal comfort management issue is formulated as an optimization problem solved by dynamic programing. Two representative test-cases of hot climates and traffic situations are simulated. In the first one, the energetic cost and ratio of improved comfort is quantified for different meteorological and traffic conditions. The second one highlights the traffic situation in which a trade-off between the driving speed and thermal comfort is important. A large number of weather and traffic situations are simulated and results show the efficiency of the proposed approach in minimizing energy consumption while maintaining a good comfort.

The HVAC system represents the main auxiliary load in electric vehicles, but passengers’ thermal comfort expectations are always increasing. Hence, a compromise is needed between energy consumption and thermal comfort. The present paper proposes a real-time thermal comfort management strategy that adapts the thermal comfort according to the energy available for operating the HVAC system. The thermal comfort is evaluated thanks to the “Predicted Mean Vote”, representative of passenger’s thermal sensations. Based on traffic and weather predictions for a given trip, the algorithm first estimates the energy required for the traction and the energy available for thermal comfort. Then, it determines the best thermal comfort that can be provided in these energetic conditions and controls the HVAC system accordingly. The algorithm is tested for a wide variety of meteorological and traffic scenarios. Results show that the energy estimators have a good accuracy. The absolute relative error is about 1.7% for the first one (traction), and almost 4.1% for the second one (thermal comfort). The effectiveness of the proposed thermal comfort management strategy is assessed by comparing it to an off-line optimal control approach based on dynamic programming. Simulation results show that the proposed approach is near-optimal, with a slight increase of discomfort by only 3%.

We have reported the results of structural, magnetic, and magnetocaloric characterizations as well as the critical behaviors of the polycrystalline Nd0.67Pb0.33Mn0.9Al0.1O3 manganites. These samples, denoted as S900 and S1100, were prepared using the sol–gel method and sintered separately at 900 °C and 1100 °C, respectively. XRD analysis shows good crystallization for the samples in the $$ R\overline{3}c $$ rhombohedral structure. From M(T) curves, second-order ferromagnetic–paramagnetic (FM–PM) phase transitions appear at the Curie temperatures (TC) around 130 K and 155 K for S900 and S1100, respectively. The estimated values of magnetic entropy change (−ΔSm) at μ0H = 5 T were found to be 3.23 and 4.41 J/kg.K for S900 and S1100, respectively. The corresponding values of relative cooling power (RCP) are equal to 242 and 245 J/kg. These values are relatively higher, making our samples promising candidates for magnetic refrigeration technology. We found that the critical exponents (β, γ, and δ) agree well with those of the mean-field and the 3D-Heisenberg models for S900 and S1100, respectively.

L’article est issu d’un travail de thèse. Son objectif est de décrire et comprendre les pratiques effectives de régulation didactique d’enseignants en éducation physique et sportive. Les régulations didactiques étudiées spécifiquement sont les communications et les gestes adressés aux élèves lorsque ceux-ci agissent dans une tâche donnée. Nous examinons ici, en particulier, la place prise par les savoirs à caractère technique lors de ces phases de régulation, et, plus généralement, les caractéristiques du guidage technique. Cinq professeurs volontaires ont été filmés et enregistrés, durant six séances, dans deux contextes différents (deux classes et deux APSA). Suite à ces observations, un entretien a été mené. Les résultats montrent que les régulations didactiques sont des temps privilégiés de guidage technique. Pour autant, les analyses « tâche par tâche », et « régulation par régulation » montrent une réalité plus complexe, dans laquelle les savoirs techniques n’occupent pas toujours une place prépondérante. The article arises from a work of thesis. His objective is to describe and to understand the effective practices of didactic regulation of teachers in sport and physical education. The didactic regulations studied specifically are the communications and the gestures sent to the pupils when these act in a given task. We examine here, in particular, the taken place by the knowledges with technical character during these phases of regulation, and, more generally, the characteristics of the technical guide. Five voluntary professors were filmed and registered during six sessions, in two different contexts (two classes and two different physical activities). Further to these observations, an interview was led. The results show that the didactic regulations are time privileged persons of technical guide. However, analyses “ task by task ", and " regulation by regulation " show a more complex reality, in which the technical knowledges do not still occupy a prominent place.

The capabilities of the new version of the Li\`ege intranuclear cascade model (labeled $\mathrm{INCL}++6$ from now on) are presented in detail. This new version of INCL is able to handle strange particles, such as kaons and the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ and $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}$ hyperons, and the associated reactions and also allows extending nucleon-nucleon collisions up to about $15\text{--}20$ GeV incident energy. Compared to the previous version, new observables can be studied, e.g., kaon, hyperon, and hypernuclei production cross sections (with the use of a suitable de-excitation code) as well as aspects of kaon-induced spallation reactions. The main purpose of this paper is to present the specific ingredients of the new INCL version and its new features, notably the newly implemented variance reduction scheme. We also compare, for some illustrative strangeness production cases, theoretical results calculated using this version of INCL with experimental data.

International audience; Lentinus edodes (=Lentinula edodes) is an edible mushroom grown and marketed for centuries due to its nutritional and medicinal properties. L. edodes has multiple pharmacological activities as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Few studies were performed taking into account the influence of culture conditions to optimize the biological properties of L. edodes on human health. Our work focused on the comparison of antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory activity of L. edodes fruit bodies cultivated by three mushroom producers in the French Occitanie region using the same strain in various growing conditions (orga nic and nonorganic). Sequential extraction was performed on freeze dried fungal materials. All extracts have a quantifiable but moderate antioxidant activity using the DPPH and ORAC tests. The antiinflammatory activity of the ethanol and aqueous extracts was evaluated on a model of inflammatory macrophages. The ethanol extracts inhibit NO production in a dose-dependent manner when the cells are pre-treated for 4 h with a 24 h stimulation time

Motivated by a renewed interest in studies of hypernuclei, the strangeness degree of freedom was implemented in the intranuclear cascade model INCL. This model takes care of the first stage of reactions between a nucleon (or a light cluster) and a nucleus at energies from a few tens of MeV up to a few GeV. After emission of fast particles, a hot remnant nucleus is produced and another model, combined to INCL, handles the de-excitation (Abla in our case). The main ingredients are discussed and we compare the results to experimental data.

La0.6Ca0.2Na0.2MnO3 manganite was prepared using sol–gel method. Rietveld refinement of XRD pattern indicates that the prepared sample crystallizes in the rhombohedral $$R\overline{3}c$$ structure. The impendence spectroscopy properties of the sample were studied by performing a series of measurements as a function of temperature and frequency of conductivity, dielectric constants, modulus, and impedance. From these measurements, the metal–semiconductor behavior was observed for the sample at a transition temperature of the order of 240 K. The studies of imaginary part of permittivity and tangent loss reveal that the prepared material may be a good candidate for low-frequency energy storage devices. An electrical relaxation phenomenon with non-Debye nature was observed in variations of imaginary parts of modulus and impedance. Electrical parameters deduced from the Nyquist plots analyses using an equivalent circuit reveal that the conduction process for the sample was caused due to the grain boundaries contribution.

International audience; Interface-type oxide-based valence-change memories (VCMs) with analog switching capabilities and memory transience are interesting candidates to be used as artificial synapses for the hardware implementation of artificial neural networks (ANNs) with short-term synaptic dynamics. Here, the mixed ionic-electronic conducting (MIEC) oxide La2NiO4+δ (L2NO4) is used to rationally design a new volatile interface-type valence-change memory based on a tunable p–n junction between a p-type MIEC oxide and an n-type “oxygen-reservoir” oxide. The memory does not require a forming step to trigger memristance and exhibits a highly multilevel and bipolar analog-type change in resistance, which can be continuously varied by over two orders of magnitude. A distinctive two-step memory transience where the resistance of the unbiased device increases before relaxing back to a lower resistance state was measured and has been attributed to the Fick diffusion of oxygen ions, restoring the drift-induced concentration gradients at the Ti/L2NO4 interface.

Conventional nanotoxicological assays are subjected to various interferences with nanoparticles and especially carbon nanotubes. A multiparametric flow cytometry (FCM) methodology was developed here as an alternative to quantify oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, and later cytotoxic and genotoxic events. The experiments were conducted on RAW264.7 macrophages, exposed for 90 min or 24 h-exposure with three types of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs): pristine (Nanocyl&trade, CNT), acid functionalized (CNTf), or annealed treatment (CNTa). An original combination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) probes allowed the simultaneous quantifications of broad-spectrum ROS, superoxide anion (O2&bull, &minus, ), and hydroxyl radical (&bull, OH). All MWCNTs types induced a slight increase of broad ROS levels regardless of earlier antioxidant catalase activity. CNTf strongly stimulated the O2&bull, production. The &bull, OH production was downregulated for all MWCNTs due to their scavenging capacity. The latter was quantified in a cell-free system by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). Further FCM-based assessment revealed early biological damages with a mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, followed by late cytotoxicity with chromatin decondensation. The combined evaluation by FCM analysis and cell-free techniques led to a better understanding of the impacts of MWCNTs surface treatments on the oxidative stress and related biological response.

The results of structural, magnetic, critical, and magnetocaloric characterizations of La0.6Ca0.2Na0.2MnO3 perovskite have been reported. XRD analysis of the sample synthesized using sol-gel method shows good crystallization in the $$ R\overline{3}c $$ rhombohedral structure. From M(T) curve, a second-order ferromagnetic-paramagnetic (FM-PM) phase transition appears at the Curie temperature (TC) around 275 K. Critical exponents (β, γ, and δ) have been evaluated using different techniques such as modified Arrott plots (MAP), Kouvel-Fisher (KF) method, and critical isotherm (CI). We found that the critical exponents of the prepared sample agree well with those of the mean-field model. We have also estimated the magnetic entropy change (−ΔSM) and relative cooling power (RCP) for the sample which obey power laws as −∆SM = a(μ0H)n and RCP = A(μ0H)N, respectively. ΔSM and RCP values were relatively higher, making the sample promising candidate for magnetic refrigeration technology. The estimated values of the magnetic ordering parameters (n and N) are used to confirm the reliability of the evaluated critical exponent.

Calcium plays an important dual role in lipid digestion: promoting removal of long-chain fatty acids from the oil–water interface by forming insoluble calcium soaps while also limiting their bioaccessibility. This becomes more significant in food containing high calcium concentration, such as dairy products. Nevertheless, scarce attention has been paid to the effect of calcium on the interfacial properties during lipid digestion, despite this being largely an interfacial reaction. This study focused on the dynamics of the formation of calcium soaps at the oil–water interface during lipolysis by pancreatic lipase in the absence and presence of the two primary human bile salts (sodium glycocholate or sodium glycochenodeoxycholate). The competitive adsorption of lipase, bile salts, and lipolysis products, as well as the formation of calcium soaps in the presence of increasing concentrations of calcium were mainly characterized by recording the interfacial tension and dilatational modulus in situ. In the absence of bile salts, calcium complexes with fatty acids at the oil–water interface forming a relatively strong viscoelastic network of calcium soaps over time. The dilatational modulus of the calcium soap network is directly related to the interfacial concentration of lipolysis products and the calcium bulk concentration. Calcium soaps are also visualized forming a continuous rough layer on the surface of oil droplets immersed in simulated intestinal aqueous phase. Despite bile salts having different surface activity, they play a similar role on the interfacial competition with lipase and lipolysis products although altering their kinetics. The presence of bile salts disrupts the network of calcium soaps, as suggested by the decrease in the dilatational modulus and the formation of calcium soap islands on the surface of the oil droplets. The accelerant effect of calcium on lipolysis is probably because of fatty acid complexation and subsequent removal from the interface rather than reduced electrostatic repulsion between lipase and bile salt molecules and promoted lipase adsorption. The work shown here has implications for the delivery of oil-soluble bioactives in the presence of calcium.

Introduction et objectifs Le cancer broncho-pulmonaire demeure un probleme de sante publique. Le gold standard du traitement est la chirurgie pouvant etre remplacee et/ou associee a de la radiotherapie. La contrainte principale etant les effets deleteres de la radiotherapie sur le tissu sain environnant. L’utilisation de nouveaux agents radio-sensibilisants de haut numero atomique tels que le gadolinium (Z = 64) offre un nouveau potentiel therapeutique, afin d’augmenter l’efficacite de l’irradiation, tout en limitant la dose locale. Les nanoparticules AGuIX® a base de gadolinium sont de nouveaux composes theranostiques (ciblage tumoral versus action radio-sensibilisante) dont il est crucial d’evaluer leur toxicite, ainsi que leur comportement cellulaire in vitro et in vivo [1] , [2] . Materiels et methodes Nous avons utilise des modeles innovants de culture 3D normaux (MucilAirTM, Epithelix) et tumoraux (OncoCilAirTM, OncoTheis), representatifs de l’epithelium respiratoire humain [3] , [4] . Ces modeles cellulaires ont ete exposes aux nanoparticules AGuIX® par des depots liquides en surface apicale, afin d’imiter une aerosolisation dans les voies respiratoires, ce qui represente une strategie prometteuse pour cibler les tumeurs broncho-pulmonaires [5] . Nous avons utilise une methodologie multiparametrique (microscopie versus cytometrie et ICP/Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry) pour etudier leur bio-toxicite et internalisation. Resultats Les AGuIX® sont depourvues de toxicite et capables de cibler preferentiellement les cellules tumorales en l’absence d’un effet EPR (Enhanced Permeability Retention effect) decrit in vivo, et ceci sans une fonctionnalisation specifique de surface. Enfin, nous avons valide leur capacite radio-sensibilisante, lors d’une irradiation a 4 Gy dans le modele tumoral OncoCilAirTM. Conclusion Notre etude a permis de conforter le potentiel theranostique de ces nanoparticules AGuIX®. De plus, ces cultures humaines 3D MucilAirTM et OncoCilAirTM constituent des modeles in vitro de pointe permettant de s’affranchir eventuellement d’etudes in vivo ; et qui sont particulierement bien adaptes pour des investigations nano-toxicologiques et pre-cliniques en therapie ciblee.

The aim of this study was to analyze a series of patients who suffered a distal finger amputation and who were treated with occlusive dressings. A retrospective study was done of 19 patients from a single hospital. At the review, an independent examiner evaluated the time required for wound healing, the number of occlusive dressings used, fingertip trophic skin changes, epicritic sensitivity using the Weber two-point discrimination (2PD) test, sensitivity based on the monofilament test, complications, the presence of dysesthesia or cold intolerance, and the QuickDASH score. The mean follow-up was 12.6 months (6-25). A mean of 3.2 occlusive dressings (3-5) were used per patient, and the mean healing time was 4.3 weeks (4-5). The skin texture, fingertips and nail bed were good or excellent in 18 cases. The 2PD test was good or normal in 16 cases. Eighteen patients were satisfied or very satisfied with the outcome. The mean QuickDASH score was 5.53 (0-20.45). In the literature, the recovery of tactile sensation is good after use of occlusive dressings (2PD of 2.5 to 4.0mm). The mean sensitivity reported in various studies is better than that observed after use of a skin flap. While the sample size in our study was small, the functional outcome and appearance were good. Thus we prefer using occlusive dressings in Zone 1 and 2 fingertip amputations, and flaps in zones 3 and 4 to ensure better fingertip viability and sensation.

The recent developments of the Liège intranuclear cascade model INCL are reviewed. The INCL4.6 version of this model was able when coupled with the ABLA07 de-excitation code, to describe rather well a huge set of experimental data in an incident energy range spanning between 200 MeV and 3 GeV, as it has been testified by an intercomparison of spallation codes organized by the IAEA. Since that time, the model has been implemented in several nuclear particle transport codes. Therefore, the possible applications of INCL have been enlarged to focus on diverse fields, and in the recent years, the model has been further developed to be applicable to these new issues and also to cope with remaining deficiencies. The new features include: i) a sophisticated dynamical model for light cluster emission (up to O ions), ii) the accommodation of light nuclei as projectiles, iii) a new procedure to take account of the fuzziness of the Fermi surface, and iv) an extension of the model to higher energy. The aim of this contribution is to present for the first time and to discuss the physics of the added features, and to give a hint about the performances of the new model.

International audience

Ni0.6Cd0.2Cu0.2Fe2O4 ferrites were synthesized using sol-gel method under different sintering temperatures. XRD patterns with the Rietveld refinement indicate that samples crystallize in the cubic spinel structure. The increase of sintering temperature leads successively to the increase of lattice constant, average crystallite size, intensities of absorption bands, magnetization, and electrical conductivity of the prepared ferrites. Dielectric constants decrease with frequency and their behaviors have been investigated using the interfacial polarization theory predicted by Maxwell. The modulus analysis shows the presence of electrical relaxation phenomenon and non-Debye nature for the samples. An appropriate electrical equivalent circuit was used to analyze the Nyquist plots, and the results show that the conduction mechanism of the synthesized ferrites is mainly due to the grain boundary contribution.

The preclinical evaluation of nasally administered drug candidates requires screening studies based on in vitro models of the nasal mucosa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morpho-functional characteristics of the 3D MucilAir™ nasal model with a pharmacological focus on [ATP]-binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporters. We initially performed a phenotypic characterization of the MucilAir™ model and assessed its barrier properties by immunofluorescence (IF), protein mass spectrometry and examination of histological sections. We then focused on the functional expression of the ABC transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP)1, MRP2 and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in bidirectional transport experiments. The MucilAir™ model comprises a tight, polarized, pseudo-stratified nasal epithelium composed of fully differentiated ciliated, goblet and basal cells. These ABC transporters were all expressed by the cell membranes. P-gp and BCRP were both functional and capable of actively effluxing substrates. The MucilAir™ model could consequently represent a potent tool for evaluating the interaction of nasally administered drugs with ABC transporters.

The microelectronics industry is currently searching for reliable redox-based resistive switching (RS) memories which are filament-free, scale with the electrode size and do not require a high voltage electroforming step. Interface and volume type switching devices are the most promising memristors to achieve these challenging requirements, both for ReRAM (Resistive Random-Access Memories) non-volatile memory and neuromorphic computing applications. Here RS was investigated for the first time in nanoionic memristors based on GdBaCo2O5+δ (GBCO), an oxide with high oxygen mobility. Non-filamentary and non-volatile reproducible RS was obtained when GBCO is sandwiched between Ag and LaNiO3 (LNO) electrodes. The observed bipolar RS could be successfully induced both by voltage sweeps and by pulses, showing asymmetric clock-wise hysteretic R(V) characteristics at room temperature. The temperature dependence of two independent devices in high and low resistance states (HRS and LRS) revealed a gradual decrease of the resistance difference between the two states on cooling from room temperature to 150 K and its increase below 100 K. Similarly, the R(V) switching curves obtained at low temperature showed the disappearance of the hysteresis at 150 K and its reappearance at lower temperatures. The superposition of volume and interface type RS mechanisms have proven to be responsible for the observed non-volatile change of the remnant resistance. The volume-type RS was related to the variation of the GBCO resistivity due to a change in oxygen content. The interface-type RS, on the other hand, was associated to the created electronic and ionic conduction barrier between GBCO and the LNO bottom electrode., This work has been financed by the ANR funded project “MICROSWITCH” (ANR-14-ACHN-0012) and by the “FUN-TO-BE” CNRS-CSIC supported International Program for Scientific Cooperation (PICS, no. PICS07294). In addition, the work has been performed with the help of the “Plateforme Technologique Amont” of Grenoble, with the financial support of the “Nanosciences aux limites de la Nanoélectronique” Fundation and CNRS Renatech network, and has benefited from the facilities and expertise of the OPE)N(RA characterization platform of FMNT (FR 2542, fmnt.fr) supported by CNRS, Grenoble INP and UGA.

International audience

International audience

International audience; We thank Drs. Poncet and Sénéchal for their interest and critical reading of our paper. We are well aware of their pioneering work on molecular aspects of cypress pollinosis. However, the focus of our paper was rather on epidemiological, clinical and diagnostic features of peach allergy and not towards molecular pollen determinants. We hereby provide answers to direct questions and notions made by Drs. Poncet and Sénéchal. 1. In regard to literature references, we cited those we found relevant for the scope and purpose of the paper and none of the three reviewers suggested citation of additional publications. To our knowledge, the paper by Hugues et al (2006) was indeed the first to report an association between cypress and peach allergy, and it is cited as reference 39 in our paper 1. However, contrary to the assertion by Poncet and Sénéchal, the authors of that paper did not identify a pollen homologue of Pru p 7, which was first reported as an allergen by Tuppo et al in 2013 2 but instead made the notion "Because both allergenic extracts include a 45 kDa-allergen, it should be the shared allergen." Cup a 1, a major allergen in cypress pollen, has a molecular weight of 43 kDa. Experimental data from the Poncet team are currently available for BP14 and snakin-1, neither of which have been officially recognized and named as allergens by the WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature SubCommittee (www.aller gen.org, accessed May 4 2019). Other papers cited by Poncet et al are either replies or reviews. We prefer citation of original, peer-reviewed research. However, the review on cypress pollinosis is also cited in our paper as ref 41. 3 2. This case report of one patient with discordant FABER IgE and BAT results would have brought little if any further information to the reader. In our hands, the FABER test displays highly sensitive detection of IgE to Pru p 7. 3. As noted above, BP14 has not been officially recognized as an allergen. 4. Snakin-1 is out of the scope of our publication. 5. Recombinant Pru p 7 was biochemically and immunologically characterized as described in section 2.6 4 and additionally by circular dichroism spectroscopy, but, given the focus of the paper, we did not consider it relevant to show and elaborate on such data, nor was there space available. It was also not suggested by any of the three reviewers. However, the BAT results shown in Table S3 demonstrate a similar functional potency of natural and recombinant Pru p 7 which suggests an authentic folding of the recombinant protein. o We do not agree that assessment of anti-microbial activity of recombinant Pru p 7 and several of the other specifics mentioned would be necessary to validate the association between cypress pollen allergy and peach allergy as suggested (but not yet done in their publications) by Drs Poncet and Sénéchal. o The cypress species used was Cupressus sempervirens. o The pollen was extracted and clarified by standard methods. We did not consider total protein concentration to be informative in relation to the purpose of the experiment but chose instead to determine the potency of the extract by titrated inhibition of IgE binding to Pru p 7, as described in section 3.5. That potency determination guided the choice of inhibitor concentration in the single-point inhibitions shown in figure 5A. 15% (w/v) means a concentration corresponding to 15 g of pollen (dry weight) per 100 mL of liquid, a manner of expressing concentrations also used by Poncet et al in their papers. o The specificity of inhibition with the pollen extract was ensured by a complete lack of inhibition of binding of dog dander specific IgE to dog dander ImmunoCAP (e5) and is further indicated by the lack of significant inhibition in some samples as shown in figure 5A. Had the inhibitory effect of the cypress pollen extract been due to unspecific blockade of IgE, no such results would have been obtained. We hope that our response will provide sufficient clarity and explanation to the questions raised by Drs. Poncet and Sénéchal.

Introduction With advances in surgical and neonatal care, survival of patients with esophageal atresia (EA) has improved over time. While a number of conditions associated with EA may have an impact on feeding development (delayed primary anastomosis, anastomotic leaks, recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula, anastomotic stricture, gastroesophageal reflux, esophageal dysmotility, etc.) and although children with EA experience a number of oral aversive events in their first year of life, feeding disorders (FD) are poorly described and frequently unrecognized. The primary aim of this study was to describe FD in children born with EA, with a standardized scale. The secondary aim was to describe conditions associated with FD. Methods FEED-EASY is a multicentric French study. Parents of children born with EA between 2013 and 2016 in one of the 22 participating centers were asked to participate and received the French version of the standardized and reproductive ‘Montreal Children's Hospital Feeding Scale (MCH-FS)’. Results One hundred and forty-five children were included; 61 (42%) had FD according to the MCH-FS. These children were characterized by disinterest in food, oral hypersensitivity, difficulty in touching some textures and food avoidance, with an influence in quality of life. Nineteen (13%) were tube-fed between 1 and 4 years of age. Birth weight and chronic respiratory difficulties were associated with FD in children with EA. Anastomotic stricture (present in 31% of the included children) was not associated with FD. Conclusions FD is frequent and unrecognized in children with EA, and can influence growth and quality of life. MCH-FS allows pediatricians to identify FD in children with EA within a couple of minutes.

International audience

International audience; “Audience effect” is the influence of an audience size or composition on the emotional state of a public speaker. One characteristic of the audience which has received little attention is the spatial position of observers. We tested the influence of three positions (frontal, bi-frontal, and quadri-frontal) on actors and spectators’ emotions in real theatrical representations. Measurements consisted in self-report questionnaires and galvanic skin responses. The layout of the theatre hall influenced both cognitive and physiological components of emotions. Actors were more influenced than spectators and showed an overall accuracy in self-perception. The quadri-frontal audience received the highest scores in actors’ feeling assessments and galvanic skin responses. In addition, we found a discrepancy between self-assessment of emotional states by spectators and how actors perceive them. Attention should thus be paid in the layout of performance places with obviously more attention from the public and better feelings for actors in more dispersed settings.