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Welcome to the world of Mechatronics and Measurement Systems! This book aims to introduce the exciting field of mechatronics and essential principles of measurement systems. Whether you are an engineering student, a practitioner, or simply curious about interdisciplinary nature of mechatronics, this book will serve as reference. Mechatronics, at its core, involves the integration of mechanical, electrical, electronic, and computer engineering principles to design and develop intelligent systems and products. It encompasses a wide range of applications, from robotics and automation to automotive systems, aerospace, biomedical devices, and beyond. Measurement systems, on the other hand, play a crucial role in modern engineering and scientific applications. Accurate and reliable measurements are essential for condition monitoring, control, analysis, and optimization of various processes and systems. In this book, we try to explore the fundamental concepts and techniques involved in measuring physical quantities such as temperature, pressure, displacement, force, and more. Throughout this book, you will embark on a journey that covers the theoretical foundations and practical aspects of mechatronics and measurement systems. We delve into sensors and transducers, signal conditioning, data acquisition, actuators, control systems, interfacing, and data analysis. Real-world examples and case studies will help reinforce your learning and provide you with the necessary tools to tackle engineering challenges. However, we have made an effort to keep the content accessible and comprehensible to readers from various engineering backgrounds. We would like to express our gratitude to the copious researchers, educators, and practitioners, who have contributed to the field of mechatronics and measurement systems. We hope that this book will ignite your passion for mechatronics and measurement systems and equip you to excel in this exciting field of mechatronics., Nil

Computed Tomography (CT) is a non-invasive method to give CT images of every part of the human body without superimposition of end-to-end structures. Some issues in measurements with CT are limiting too few parameters like quantum noise, beam hardening, X-ray scattering by the patient, and nonlinear partial volume effects. Image processing with Adobe Photoshop, ImageJ, and Origin software have been used to achieve good quality images for numerical analysis. Statistical functions permit to investigate the general characteristics of a human respiratory infections disease. Using Automatic Diagnosis system, differentiation in diseases can be filtered out with the help of CT images. Data can be analyzed from the CT images to distinguish between a human respiratory infections disease, a common disorder like Major Depression (MD) or Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and a normal lung.

Increasingly stringent emissions regulations and environmental concerns have caused interest in the development of alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. Recently biobutanol, bioethanol and biodiesel emerged as an alternative fuel due to their oxygenated nature. This paper investigates the physical stability of ethanol-diesel blends using Cottonseed oil methyl esters diesel emulsifier as additives, subsequently analysis of physio-chemical properties. Furthermore, experimental tests were carried out to study the performance (fuel consumption, thermal efficiency, power, exhaust gas temperature) and emissions (CO, NOx, HC and Smoke) of Direct Injection (DI) engine fuelled with the various blends compared with those fuelled by diesel. The blends used for this study were D50B50, D60B30E10, D60B20E15DEE5 And D40B40E10DEE10.