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Longitudinal trajectories of psychopathology in previously institutionalized (PI) youth were identified and biobehavioral emotion regulation processes were examined as developmental mechanisms that predict these trajectories. Mental health data were collected from PI (N = 132) and nonadopted (NA; N = 175) youth across four time points (participant age ranged from 7- to 21-year-old). Using semiparametric group-based methods, the probability that each individual belonged to a distinct group that followed a specific pattern of behavior across time was estimated. We then tested whether unique aspects of emotion regulation (global, observed, and biological) were differentially associated with membership in externalizing and internalizing trajectory groups using multinomial logistic regression models. Four externalizing trajectories were identified for the PI and NA groups. For PI youth, global, observed, and biological emotion regulation processes were uniquely predictive of more adaptive externalizing trajectories. For NA youth, only parent-reported global emotion regulation was predictive of externalizing patterns. Three internalizing trajectories were identified for PI and NA youth. Generally, only parent-reported global emotion regulation predicted internalizing group membership for both PI and NA youth. Results suggest that biobehavioral emotion regulation processes may be particularly important predictors and potential points of intervention when targeting trajectories of externalizing behaviors in PI children.

The functioning, Pot, Atom, and Step Economic (PASE) green chemistry proposition has been approached for the synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidines by the multicomponent reaction (MCR) of barbituric acid, guanidine, and aldehyde derivatives using water solvent and iodine catalyst through ultrasound and microwave irradiation methods. Reaction optimization was performed by varying solvents, reaction time, the concentration of catalyst, and reaction methods. Microwave irradiation approach using water solvent and iodine catalyst (8 mol%) with 5 min led to offer the highest yield. EWG substituted compound 4 g (4-NO2, guanidine) [87% (U.S.), 93% (M.W.)] was found to be the highest yielded compound in this study. The greenness of the reaction was estimated by calculating some green chemistry metrics. The metrics approved the proposed protocol as an ideal, green, and sustainable approach.

BACKGROUND Nephrolithiasis is one of the most common conditions affecting the kidney and is characterized by a high risk of recurrence. Thiazide diuretic agents are widely used for prevention of the recurrence of kidney stones, but data regarding the efficacy of such agents as compared with placebo are limited. Furthermore, dose-response data are also limited. METHODS In this double-blind trial, we randomly assigned patients with recurrent calcium-containing kidney stones to receive hydrochlorothiazide at a dose of 12.5 mg, 25 mg, or 50 mg once daily or placebo once daily. The main objective was to investigate the dose-response effect for the primary end point, a composite of symptomatic or radiologic recurrence of kidney stones. Radiologic recurrence was defined as the appearance of new stones on imaging or the enlargement of preexisting stones that had been observed on the baseline image. Safety was also assessed. RESULTS In all, 416 patients underwent randomization and were followed for a median of 2.9 years. A primary end-point event occurred in 60 of 102 patients (59%) in the placebo group, in 62 of 105 patients (59%) in the 12.5-mg hydrochlorothiazide group (rate ratio vs. placebo, 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92 to 1.93), in 61 of 108 patients (56%) in the 25-mg group (rate ratio, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.79), and in 49 of 101 patients (49%) in the 50-mg group (rate ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.63 to 1.36). There was no relation between the hydrochlorothiazide dose and the occurrence of a primary end-point event (P = 0.66). Hypokalemia, gout, new-onset diabetes mellitus, skin allergy, and a plasma creatinine level exceeding 150% of the baseline level were more common among patients who received hydrochlorothiazide than among those who received placebo. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with recurrent kidney stones, the incidence of recurrence did not appear to differ substantially among patients receiving hydrochlorothiazide once daily at a dose of 12.5 mg, 25 mg, or 50 mg or placebo once daily. (Funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation and Inselspital; NOSTONE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03057431.).

The impact of solution stoichiometry, upon formation of BaSO4 crystals in 0.02 M NaCl suspensions, on the development of particle size was investigated using dynamic light scattering (DLS). Measurements were performed on a set of suspensions prepared with predefined initial supersaturation, based on the quotient of the constituent ion activity product {Ba2+}{SO42-} over the solubility product Ksp (Ωbarite = {Ba2+}{SO42-}/Ksp = 100, 500, or 1000-11,000 in steps of 1000), and ion activity solution stoichiometries (raq = {Ba2+}:{SO42-} = 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100), at circumneutral pH of 5.5-6.0, and ambient temperature and pressure. DLS showed that for batch experiments, crystal formation with varying raq was best investigated at an initial Ωbarite of 1000 and using the forward detection angle. At this Ωbarite and set of raq, the average apparent hydrodynamic particle size of the largest population present in all suspensions increased from ∼200 to ∼700 nm within 10-15 min and was independently confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging. Additional DLS measurements conducted at the same conditions in flow confirmed that the BaSO4 formation kinetics were very fast for our specifically chosen conditions. The DLS flow measurements, monitoring the first minute of BaSO4 formation, showed strong signs of aggregation of prenucleation clusters forming particles with a size in the range of 200-300 nm for every raq. The estimated initial bulk growth rates from batch DLS results show that BaSO4 crystals formed fastest at near-stoichiometric conditions and more slowly at nonstoichiometric conditions. Moreover, at extreme SO4-limiting conditions, barite formation was slower compared to Ba-limiting conditions. Our results show that DLS can be used to investigate nucleation and growth at carefully selected experimental and analytical conditions. The combined DLS and TEM results imply that BaSO4 formation is influenced by solution stoichiometry and may aid to optimize antiscalant efficiency and regulate BaSO4 (scale) formation processes.

The purpose of this study was to see the abundance and distribution of mullet during the day and night on the coast of Lampu Satu Beach and Payum Beach. This research was conducted in June-August 2020. Determination of the sampling points at the research location using purposive random sampling method. Data analysis used in this research is Relative Abundance (Kr) and Morisita Spread Index (Id). Catches found during the study were 268, with 3 species of mullet, namely Mugil cepalus, Mugil dussumieri and Rhinomugil corsula. During the day, the total number of catches is 148 while at night it gets as many as 120. The highest proportion value of relative abundance was obtained from the two stations, namely Mugil dussumieri species and the lowest was Rhinomugil corsula. The results of the calculation of the morisita distribution index during the day at both stations obtained a value of 1.008 (group). It is also found that at night the two stations get a value of 1.014, which means that at night it is a group category.

The growth of the net pen salmon farming industry and the concurrent decline of many wild salmon populations have generated an ongoing call for research into the potential role of infectious agents associated with salmon farming. Here, we describe a method to screen for the presence of viral nucleic acids by sampling biological waste in the vicinity of farms. We collected biological samples adjacent to 56 marine net pens from five different companies, and two farm salmon processing plants ( n = 230), 70% of samples were positive for Piscine orthoreovirus-1 (PRV-1). Viral genome segments S1 ( n = 68) and M2 ( n = 39) were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Sequences were all monophyletic to the clade of PRV-1 routinely found in the region. Consistent with previous studies, samples collected near Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) farms were related to a lineage of PRV-1a commonly detected in both farmed and wild salmon in British Columbia, while a related lineage of PRV-1a was detected near Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) farms. Similarity in sequence within companies suggests that Atlantic salmon freshwater hatcheries are a probable source of this virus to the marine environment, concordant with recent detections of PRV-1 within those hatcheries.

Delay is quite common in the construction project. A time overrun in any activity or operation affects the completion of the work, resulting in disagreements and lawsuits. As a result, it's critical to investigate and assess the causes of construction delays. This dissertation focuses on the investigation of key elements that makes delay and the analysis of day-to-day records to reduce delays. To solve this problem, we induced the collection of daily data on-site work, such as starting and finishing time, completed task, etc. These data are recorded in MS Project, which distinguishes between task and critical activity and the delays caused and reasons for the delays. The data were evaluated with MS Project, and the priority of the delay was predicted with SPSS software based on a ranking system.

Kidney stones and patient urine contain inositol 1,2,3-trisphosphate as demonstrated by capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry with an internal heavy isotope reference.

The development of physical facilities in Indonesia is increasing rapidly along with the promotion of modernization. In the implementation of a project it is very rare to find a project that goes exactly as planned. Generally, they experience delays from what was planned, both in terms of time and progress of work, but there are also projects that experience acceleration from the initial schedule planned. The research objectives were to determine time and cost performance, and to determine cost estimates and final project completion time for the Well Pad stockpiling and compaction project in the Rokan Riau Oil and Gas Block environment. The method used in this study is the Earned Value method which combines the elements of cost and time as well as the physical performance of the work. The data obtained from the project includes the project time schedule, budget plan (RAB), project weekly reports and actual costs, then an analysis of costs, schedules, variances and performance indexes is carried out by explaining the problems that arise during the research. Based on the results of the analysis and discussion, the calculation of the CPI value is> 1 from the 1st week to the 16th week. This means that from the 1st week to the 16th week, the project cost is more economical. The EAS calculation for the 16th week estimates the project completion time is 116 days or 16 weeks. This means that the project is experiencing a delay from the planned schedule. At the end of the review period, an estimated final project cost of Rp. 4,022,024,000.00. And the estimated time for project completion is 116 days, which means the project will be completed in a longer time than planned, which is 211 days.

Research is needed to inform tailoring supportive strategies for promoting physical activity (PA) in the context of behavioral treatment of obesity. We aimed to identify baseline participant characteristics and short-term intervention response predictors associated with adherence to the study-defined PA goal in a mobile health (mHealth) weight loss trial.A secondary analysis was conducted of a 12-month weight loss trial (SMARTER) that randomized 502 adults with overweight or obesity to either self-monitoring of diet, PA, and weight with tailored feedback messages (n = 251) or self-monitoring alone (n = 251). The primary outcome was average adherence to the PA goal of ≥150 min/week of moderate- and vigorous-intensity aerobic activities (MVPA) from Fitbit Charge 2™ trackers over 52 weeks. Twenty-five explanatory variables were considered. Machine learning methods and linear regression were used to identify predictors of adherence to the PA goal.The sample (N = 502) was mostly female (80%), White (83%) with the average age of 45 ± 14.4 years and body mass index of 33.7 ± 4.0 kg/m2. Machine learning methods identified PA goal adherence for the first week as the most important of long-term PA goal adherence. In the parsimonious linear regression model, higher PA goal adherence for the first week, greater PA FB messages opened, older age, being male, higher education, being single and not having obstructive sleep apnea were associated with higher long-term PA goal adherence.To our knowledge, this is the first study using machine learning approaches to identify predictors of long-term PA goal adherence in a mHealth weight loss trial. Future studies focusing on facilitators or barriers to PA among young and middle-aged adults and women with low PA goal adherence are warranted.

Aim: We examined the maternal healthcare-seeking behaviour of peri-urban women with disabilities in Busiro South Health Sub District, Wakiso district, Uganda. Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires and focus group discussions. Chi-square was used to test for differences, and logistic regression to determine factors associated with maternal health-seeking behaviour at a 5% level of significance. Content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. Results: A total of 182 women with disabilities were enrolled. Overall, 150 (82.3%) of the disabled women had attended ANC and 147 (80.8%) had delivered their babies at a health facility. The participants' mean age was 31.9±7.8years (range: 17-49 years). ANC attendance among disabled women was influenced by maternal age 18-30 years (p = 0.010), number of times a disabled woman was pregnant (p = 0.003), parity (p = 0.018), a normal delivery (p = 0.048), receiving financial support from friends of partners (p < 0.001), distance of less than 5KM to the health facility (p = 0.024), friendliness of the health care providers (p=0.030) and availability of health providers (p < 0.001). Conclusion: There is an urgent need for a multi-sectoral approach to better healthcare-seeking behaviour. Keywords: Peri-urban; maternal health-seeking behaviour; disabled women; Uganda.

The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical effectiveness of dopamine (DA) versus norepinephrine (NE) as first-line therapy for sepsis-related hypotension in preterm infants. This is a retrospective cohort study over 10 years at two tertiary neonatal units. Preterm infants born 35 weeks post-menstrual age (PMA), who received DA or NE as primary therapy for hypotension during sepsis, defined as culture-positive or culture-negative infections or necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), were included. Episode-related mortality ( 7 days from treatment), pre-discharge mortality, and major morbidities among survivors were compared between two groups. Analyses were adjusted using the inverse probability of treatment weighting estimated by propensity score (PS). A total of 156 infants were included, 113 received DA and 43 NE. The mean ± SD PMA at birth and at treatment for the DA and NE groups were 25.8 ± 2.3 vs. 25.2 ± 2.0 weeks and 27.7 ± 3.0 vs. 27.1 ± 2.6 weeks, respectively (p 0.05). Pre-treatment, the NE group had higher mean airway pressure (14 ± 4 vs. 12 ± 4 cmHNE may be more effective than DA for management of sepsis-related hypotension among preterm infants. These data provide a rationale for prospective evaluation of these commonly used agents.•Dopamine is the commonest vasoactive agent used to support blood pressure among preterm infants. •For adult patients, norepinephrine is recommended as the preferred therapy over dopamine for septic shock.•This is the first study examining the relative clinical effectiveness of dopamine and norepinephrine as first-line pharmacotherapy for sepsis-related hypotension among preterm infants. •Norepinephrine use may be associated with lower mortality and morbidity than dopamine in preterm infants with sepsis.

A challenge posed by virtual teams is monitoring team interactions remotely. Research with field-based soccer teams provides evidence that measures of collective behavior can be used to assess the dynamics of sports teams. Collective behaviors calculated using the spatial characteristics of teammates as they moved across the field have been found to vary by the state of the soccer match, including ball possession and proximity to a goal. The present study examined whether similar effects were observed with collective metrics calculated from players of a car-soccer eSport video game. A set of matches were retrieved and used to calculate collective behavior metrics based on the placement of teammates within a virtual arena. A subset of metrics varied by team location and ball possession, aligning with and extending previous field-based soccer research, and correlated with team performance. This suggests that collective behaviors can be used to assess aspects of team dynamics within virtual environments.

Introduction: Placental transfusion strategies in preterm newborns have not been evaluated in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The objective of this systematic review was to compare placental transfusion strategies in preterm newborns in LMICs, including delayed cord clamping (DCC) for various time intervals, DCC until cord pulsations stop, umbilical cord milking, and immediate cord clamping (ICC). Methods: Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and CENTRAL were searched from inception. Observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Two authors independently extracted data for Bayesian random-effects network meta-analysis (NMA) if more than 3 interventions reported an outcome or a pairwise meta-analysis was utilized. Results: Among newborns II and bronchopulmonary dysplasia for any included intervention (low to very low certainty). DCC 60 s and 120 s might improve the hematocrit level among all preterm newborns (very low certainty), and DCC 45 s may decrease the risk of receipt of inotropes among newborns Conclusions: In LMICs, DCC for 60 s and 120 s might improve hematocrit level in preterm newborns, and DCC for 45 s may decrease the risk of receipt of inotropes in newborns

A nation's health and economic development are inextricably and synergistically connected. Stark differences exist between wealthy and developing nations in the use of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). Cardiovascular disease is now the leading cause of death in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), with a significant burden from rhythm-related diseases. As science, technology, education, and regulatory frameworks have improved, CIED recycling for exportation and reuse in LMIC has become possible and primed for widespread adoption. In our manuscript, we outline the science and regulatory pathways regarding CIED reuse. We propose a pathway to advance this technology that includes creating a task force to establish standards for CIED reuse, leveraging professional organizations in areas of need to foster the professional skills for CIED reuse, collaborating with regulatory agencies to create more efficient regulatory expectations and bring the concept to scale, and establishing a global CIED reuse registry for quality assurance and future science.

Background: Stool-based screening with fecal immunochemical (FIT) or multitarget-stool DNA (mt-sDNA) tests is associated with increased colonoscopy polyp yield. mt-sDNA includes methylated markers, which improve detection of serrated polyps (SP) versus FIT. We compared SP detection in colonoscopies performed for positive FIT or mt-sDNA tests, as well as in colonoscopies without a preceding stool test, using the New Hampshire Colonoscopy Registry, a comprehensive statewide population-based registry. Methods: Across the three groups, we compared the frequency of clinically relevant SPs (CRSP: sessile SPs, hyperplastic polyps ≥10 mm, and traditional serrated adenomas). We also compared SP size, histology, number, and bulk (combined sizes). Results: Our sample included 560 mt-sDNA+ (age ± SD: 66.5 ± 7.9), 414 FIT+ (age ± SD: 66.3 ± 8.8), and 59,438 colonoscopy-only patients (age ± SD: 61.7 ± 8.0). mt-sDNA+ patients were more likely to have a higher yield of CRSPs and CRSP bulk than FIT+ (P < 0.0001) or colonoscopy-only patients (P < 0.0001). More mt-sDNA+ patients had CRSPs without large adenomas or colorectal cancers (17.9% vs. 9.9% of FIT+ and 8% of colonoscopy-only patients). After adjusting for synchronous large adenomas, colorectal cancers, and other risk factors, mt-sDNA+ patients were more likely (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.18–2.85) than FIT+ patients to have CRSPs. Conclusions: mt-sDNA+ patients had a higher SP yield than FIT+ or colonoscopy-only patients, particularly in the absence of synchronous large adenomas or colorectal cancer. Impact: Our results suggest that screening with mt-sDNA tests could improve colorectal cancer screening by identifying more patients at increased risk from the serrated pathway.

Talas (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) merupakan tanaman herba yang telah dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pangan di beberapa wilayah di dunia. Tanaman ini dipercaya berasal dari Asia Tenggara (Lebot et al. 2010). Di Maybrat, Papua Barat talas telah dimanfaatkan sebagai tanaman bahan pangan pokok utama sejak dahulu oleh masyrakat lokal dan disebut dengan nama ‘Wiah atau Awiah’. Hingga awal tahun 2013, belum terdapat laporan yang memadai terkait serangan hama dan penyakit tanaman talas di daerah ini. Namun, pada pertengahan tahun 2013 petani setempat melaporkan adanya epidemi penyakit busuk umbi talas di pertanamannya. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk membuktikan penyebab penyakit busuk umbi talas di Maybrat. Pengujian dilakukan secara in vivo dan in planta pada umbi dan tanaman talas. Dari 38 isolat cendawan yang diisolasi, 50% bersifat patogen. Tiga isolat yang terpilih (Y1, YP1, dan S4) mampu menyebabkan pembusukan jaringan umbi secara in vivo dan kerusakan akar secara in planta. Uji in planta menunjukkan bahwa inokulasi gabungan dua isolat dari ketiganya mampu menyebabkan kerusakan akar yang berat. Secara morfologi, isolat YP1 dan S4 diidentifikasi sebagai Fusarium oxysporum dan Y1 merupakan F. solani. Ini merupakan laporan yang pertama tentang penyakit busuk umbi talas dari Maybrat, Papua Barat.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has emerged as a promising imaging tool in prostate cancer diagnosis. PSMA PET/CT radiotracers are produced in-house (gallium-68, eg,Hospitals and diagnostic facilities currently conducting PSMA PET/CT in Australia in metropolitan and regional areas completed a survey of PSMA PET/CT throughput, radiotracers involved, and the cost of assets, departmental staffing, consumables, and occupancy. Total costs were estimated using a top-down microcosting approach, involving identifying all relevant cost components and valuing each component for the average patient, and a gross costing approach, involving apportioning cost components at an aggregated level.Data were collected from 8 facilities. The most common radiotracer used wasThis study provides a detailed and accurate estimation of the cost of PSMA PET/CT in Australia. These costs can be used as a benchmark to identify potential efficiencies and help policy makers set the appropriate reimbursement rate for this procedure. The use of data from facilities using different radiotracers in metropolitan and regional areas and with different throughput increases the generalizability of the results, especially in countries with similar health systems.

Penyakit bunt merupakan penyakit penting pada gandum (Triticum aestivum) yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Tilletia spp. Penyakit ini menjadi perhatian utama dalam perdagangan internasional karena dapat menurunkan kualitas dan kuantitas gandum. Genus Tilletia merupakan salah satu organisme pengganggu tumbuhan karantina yang belum terdapat di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeteksi dan mengarakterisasi penyakit bunt pada biji gandum impor serta menguji viabilitasnya. Penelitian diawali dengan pengambilan sampel dari kapal laut, deskripsi gejala penyakit bunt, deteksi dan identifikasi Tilletia spp. secara morfologi dengan cara washing test dilanjutkan uji viabilitas teliospora serta pengamatan suhu dan pengambilan sampel di instalasi pengolahan gandum pada mesin penggilingan gandum dan kulit ari gandum. Keberadaan cendawan Tilletia spp. dideteksi dengan mengamati biji gandum bergejala yang dicirikan berwarna cokelat hingga hitam pada sebagian hingga seluruh permukaan biji, biji menjadi kerdil serta malformasi. Hasil identifikasi ditemukan cendawan T. laevis. Cendawan ini tidak berkecambah pada semua suhu yang diujikan. Suhu pengamatan di instalasi pengolahan biji gandum ialah antara 48.5 ℃ dan 94.0 ℃, sedangkan pada mesin pengolah kulit ari gandum 48.6 ℃ dan 66.1 ℃. Teliospora cendawan ini ditemukan pada sampel gandum, tetapi tidak ditemukan pada sampel kulit ari gandum.

In 2020, Portugal had an average strawberry production of 10 thousand tons, and 15 % was considered strawberry plant residues. This work proposed a new product that uses the compounds extracted from the strawberry residues - stem and leaves, excluding the fruit - as an active ingredient for cosmetic application. Strawberry leaves were extracted with 50 % ethanol. This extract mainly consists of lactic acid, ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid, and agrimoniin; these compounds are used in the chemical industry due to their antioxidant properties. A gel-cream formulation with 17.5 % strawberry leaves extracts was proposed. It proposed an industrial-scale production and a preliminary economic analysis to evaluate the project's profitability. The Net Present Value (NPV) was estimated as 3.40 M€ (4th year), and the pay-back time is on eight quarters.

Friedreic’s Ataxia is a disease characterized by modification of the FRDA gene on chromosome 9q13. Affection of this protein induces altered expression of frataxin. When this is altered, molecular changes and cell death arise due to iron accumulation in the mitochondria and elevation of reactive oxygen species. The damage occurs mostly in neurons, causing neuronal impairment; however, alterations also occur in the heart, causing cardiac fibrosis. Symptomatology presents in adolescence, with peripheral sensory neuropathies, vestibular changes, hyporeflexia, myoclonias and dysarthria. Systemic manifestations include cardiomyopathies, diabetes mellitus and foot deformity. Specifically in the heart, the myocardium becomes hypertrophic with thickening of the ventricular walls, which subsequently progresses to heart failure and death. The aim of this bibliographic review is to inform the scientific community of the presence of systemic manifestations, especially cardiovascular, in Friedreich’s Ataxia; since this disease is not only characterized by the presence of neurological alterations, but also of affections to different apparatuses and systems of the human body, such as the heart, due to the cellular alteration that Friedreich’s Ataxia causes. KEY WORDS: Cardiomyopathy, Friedreichs ataxia, heart failure, frataxin, mitochondria, mitochondria

The Athena X-ray Integral Unit (X-IFU) is the high resolution X-ray spectrometer, studied since 2015 for flying in the mid-30s on the Athena space X-ray Observatory, a versatile observatory designed to address the Hot and Energetic Universe science theme, selected in November 2013 by the Survey Science Committee. Based on a large format array of Transition Edge Sensors (TES), it aims to provide spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy, with a spectral resolution of 2.5 eV (up to 7 keV) over an hexagonal field of view of 5 arc minutes (equivalent diameter). The X-IFU entered its System Requirement Review (SRR) in June 2022, at about the same time when ESA called for an overall X-IFU redesign (including the X-IFU cryostat and the cooling chain), due to an unanticipated cost overrun of Athena. In this paper, after illustrating the breakthrough capabilities of the X-IFU, we describe the instrument as presented at its SRR, browsing through all the subsystems and associated requirements. We then show the instrument budgets, with a particular emphasis on the anticipated budgets of some of its key performance parameters. Finally we briefly discuss on the ongoing key technology demonstration activities, the calibration and the activities foreseen in the X-IFU Instrument Science Center, and touch on communication and outreach activities, the consortium organisation, and finally on the life cycle assessment of X-IFU aiming at minimising the environmental footprint, associated with the development of the instrument. Thanks to the studies conducted so far on X-IFU, it is expected that along the design-to-cost exercise requested by ESA, the X-IFU will maintain flagship capabilities in spatially resolved high resolution X-ray spectroscopy, enabling most of the original X-IFU related scientific objectives of the Athena mission to be retained. (abridged)., Comment: 48 pages, 29 figures, Accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy with minor editing

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common sports injury. ACL reconstruction (ACLR) is a necessary treatment for individuals to return to competitive sports. However, a high rate of secondary injury occurs when individuals return to sport. Past research has shown that ACLR impairs physical performance, including reduction of force generate against the floor under the injured leg, changes in the gait pattern, and a loss of knee stability. While structural changes following ACL injury can leave the knee joint less stable, neurophysiological changes following ACL injury represent one potentially important mechanism underlying the performance deficits. Healthy individuals rely on reliable sensory data from the knee joint; however, given the neural adaptations after injuries, evidence suggests that the sensory feedback is altered, and visual processing is increased to compensate for lack of joint sensation. The purpose of the study was to investigate reaction time of ACLR between injured and uninjured leg under limited vision with cognitive challenge. We predicted that an ACLR deficit would be exposed under limited vision and further amplified under cognitive challenge. A total of 55 participants completed the study, including 36 healthy control (CON) and 19 ACLR. (Note: This thesis focused primarily on the ACLR subset of data, however the CON group data were also explored). A modified version of a lean and release task was used to force participants to make a quick decision and avoid stepping into an obstacle with one leg, while using the other leg to step into an available pathway and recover balance. Access to vision was manipulated in this study by using liquid crystal goggles. The visual preview times were manipulated to control how much time participants had to view leg blocks before cable release. The Proactive condition was the easier task, allowing participants to see leg blocks closed or opened and know which step to take before being blinded, and thus it provides a longer preparation time for participants to respond. The Reactive condition, the harder task, blinded participants until 400ms before release. This was designed to elicit a greater challenge with participants had less time to use vision to prepare their response. In each test section, one leg was required to step more frequently (75% of trials), and was referred as “Common step leg”. The other leg that stepped less frequently (25% of trials) in the same section, was referred as “Uncommon step leg”. Three force plates were embedded into the wooden platform. One force plate for each foot when participants were in the starting lean position, and one in the front for the touchdown step after postural perturbation (i.e., cable release from a supported forward lean). Reaction time was recorded as lift-off from the force plate. Data from the ACLR group were analyzed using a 3-way repeated measures 2 × 2 × 2 ANOVA. The results showed that there was no significant 3-way interaction between Injured × Step Leg × Vision. There was no significant difference between Injured and Uninjured leg in reaction time. The Common leg had significantly slower average reaction time than the Uncommon leg. Proactive and Reactive conditions did not significantly differ in reaction time. Overall, the findings of this study highlight ACLR injured and uninjured leg had no different reaction time. These results demonstrated that the limited vision given did not expose performance deficit in individuals with ACLR utilizing the methods presented.

Implementation Building Information Modeling (BIM) is aimed to create an effective, efficient and accountable construction process through the application of digital construction technology. This thesis takes PT Glodon Technical Indonesia as a case study, which indicates an empirical study of a company that provides a BIM technology for construction services industry in Indonesia. This study analyzes the role of regulators and universities in the business development of a technology company with B2B (Business to Business) products. This paper discusses the company’s situation, marketing methods, strategic collaboration and market coverage. Then analyzed through the impact of government regulations, strategic cooperation with regulators and capacity building with universities. Lastly, based on an analysis of the goals and options of corporate strategic planning, this study puts forward the strategic direction of business development collaboration with regulators and universities.

Despite the importance of representing different magnitudes (i.e., number and cumulative area) for action planning and formal mathematics, there is much debate about the nature of these representations, particularly the extent to which magnitudes interact in the mind and brain. Early interaction views suggest that there are shared perceptual processes that form overlapping magnitude representations. However, late interaction views hold that representations of different magnitudes remain distinct, interacting only when preparing a motor response. The present study sheds light on this debate by examining the temporal onset of ratio and congruity effects as participants made ordinal judgments about number and cumulative area. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to identify whether the onset of such effects aligned with early versus late views. Ratio effects for both magnitudes were observed starting in the P100. Moreover, a congruity effect emerged within the P100. That interactions were observed early in processing, at the same time that initial ratio effects occurred, suggests that number and cumulative area processes interacted when magnitude representations were being formed, prior to preparing a decision response. Our findings are consistent with an early interaction view of magnitude processing, in which number and cumulative area may rely on shared perceptual mechanisms.

The UK government aims to transition its modern natural gas infrastructure towards Hydrogen by 2035. Since hydrogen is a much lighter gas than methane, it is important to understand the change in parameters when transporting it. While most modern work in this topic looks at the transport of hydrogen-methane mixtures, this work focuses on pure hydrogen transport. The aim of this paper is to highlight the change in gas distribution parameters when natural gas is replaced by hydrogen in the existing infrastructure. This study uses analytical models and computational models to compare the flow of hydrogen and methane in a pipe based on pressure loss. The Darcy-Weisbach and Colebrook-White equations were used for the analytical models, and the k- ε model was used for the computational approach. The variables considered in the comparison were the pipe material (X52 Steel and MDPE) and pipe diameters (0.01m–1m). It was observed that hydrogen had to be transported 250–270% the velocity of methane to replicate flow for a fixed length of pipe. Furthermore, it was noted that MDPE pipes has 2–31% lower pressure losses compared to X52 steel for all diameters when transporting hydrogen at a high velocity. Lastly, it was noted that the analytical model and computational model were in agreement with 1–5% error in their findings.

Background and aims – A new species of Amorphophallus (Araceae) is described from D.R. Congo in connection with preparing the family treatment for the Flore d’Afrique centrale. Another species is recorded for the first time from Rwanda. Methods – Standard herbarium practices were applied. Key results – Amorphophallus dumboi sp. nov. is related to A. margretae. The differences between these species are discussed and distribution maps for the taxa are presented. Both species are range-restricted in the Albertine Rift and preliminarily assessed as Critically Endangered. Amorphophallus mayoi is for the first time recorded for Rwanda. The taxon, originally described as a subspecies of A. calabaricus, is raised here to specific rank.

Objectives Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a heterogeneous, essentially peritoneal disease. Standard treatment consists of staging, cytoreductive surgery (CRS), and adjuvant chemotherapy. In this study, we intended to assess the effectiveness of single-dose intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy in optimally debulked advanced EOC patients. Materials and Methods A prospective randomized study of 87 patients with advanced EOC was done from January 2017 to May 2021 in a tertiary care center. Patients who underwent primary and interval cytoreduction received a single dose of IP chemotherapy for 24 hours after being divided into four groups: group A, IP cisplatin; group B, IP paclitaxel; group C, IP paclitaxel and cisplatin; and group D, saline. Pre- and postperitoneal IP cytology was assessed along with possible complications. Statistical Analysis Logistic regression analysis was used to assess for intergroup significance in cytology and complications. Kaplan–Meir analysis was done to assess disease-free survival (DFS). Results Of 87 patients, 17.2% of patients had FIGO stage IIIA, 47.2% had IIIB, and 35.6% had IIIC. Also, 22 (25.3%) patients were in group A (cisplatin), 22 (25.3%) patients in group B (paclitaxel), 23 (26.4%) in group C (cisplatin and paclitaxel), and 20 (23%) in group D (saline). Cytology samples taken during staging laparotomy were positive, and 48 hours post-IP chemotherapy, 2 (9%) of 22 samples in cisplatin group and 14 (70%) of 20 samples in saline group were positive; all of the post-IP samples in groups B and C were negative. No major morbidity was noted. In our study, DFS in saline group was 15 months, while in IP chemotherapy group it was 28 months and was statistically significant based log-rank test. However, there was no significant difference in DFS between different IP chemotherapy groups. Conclusion Complete or optimal CRS in advanced EOC does have a possibility of microscopic peritoneal residue. Adjuvant locoregional strategies should be considered to prolong DFS. Single-dose normothermic IP chemotherapy can be offered to the patients with minimal morbidity, and its prognostic benefits are comparable to hyperthermic IP chemotherapy. Future clinical trials are required to validate these protocols.

This study aimed to determine the percentage of a recreational physical activities and sports (PAS) practitioners or non-competitive athlete in Yaoundé city, and the risk of sudden death incurred. Seven hundred and ninety-three (793) men and women practicing recreational sports took part in this survey. The analysis of the variables of the socio-demographic, professional and clinical characteristics of those practicing physical activity ≥ 3 hours per week and those practicing physical activity < 3 hours was made. Data collection was carried out using a pre-established questionnaire, after obtaining an ethical clearance from the Ministry of Public Health. The average age of participants was 27.3 ± 10.6 years, they are mostly made up of men (56.2%). Five hundred and forty-seven (68.9%) said they practice physical activity at least 3 hours a week. Fifteen (15) participants or 1.6% declared to be carriers of a cardiovascular pathology and thirty-nine (39) or 4.9% are hypertensive. A large number (439; 55.6%) refrained from disclosing their clinical status or were unaware of it. The rate of recreational physical activities and sports practitioners is high in the population of Yaoundé. In this population, some practitioners are carriers of pathologies exposing them to sudden death. Knowledge of these data can contribute to taking appropriate measures to reduce cases of sudden cardiac death related to sports practice, a phenomenon increasingly observed in Cameroon.