Search

The authors regret that the ratio of milk protein to vitamin D was given incorrectly in the original article. Consequently, the sentences in the paragraph on vitamin D solutions in the left column on page 4954 should be adjusted as follows. The sentences beginning “In 50 mL centrifuge tubes…” should be correctly given as “In 50 mL centrifuge tubes, whey and caseinate complexes were prepared by dissolving Lacprodan DI-922A and MIPRODAN 30 Sodium Caseinate (Arla Foods Ingredients, Viby J, Denmark), respectively, in 55 mg mL-1 glucose solution. Crystalline vitamin D3 (DSM Nutritional Products, Basel, Switzerland) was dissolved in 99.8% ethanol (Honeywell, North Carolina, USA) (0.6 mg mL-1) and added to the centrifuge tubes in the ratio 4.6 : 1 (milk protein : vitamin D) and shaken vigorously, creating a final vitamin D3 concentration of 30 µg mL-1.” Throughout the paper, it should be referred to a protein: vitamin ration of 4.6 : 1 instead of 2 : 1 but the error has no impact on the results or conclusions of the work. The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.

Correction for 'Milk protein complexation enhances post prandial vitamin D3 absorption in rats' by Ida Emilie I. Lindahl et al., Food Funct., 2020, 11, 4953-4959, DOI: 10.1039/D0FO01062F.

The paper describes the happy and the less happy flows of a user transaction through a Hyperledger Fabric Blockchain Network. The full cycle of a user transaction originates from the Client Application (an actor outside the Hyperledger Ledger Network but inside an organization that is part of a set that runs the Hyperledger Fabric Blockchain Network). In the process of making the Hyperledger Fabric Blockchain network knowledge explicit, essential parts of FBM were applied in cooperation with the developers of the Fabric Blockchain platform. The approach was given the name Visual Vocabulary by the Documentation Working Group of Hyperledger Fabric, a visual vocabulary to represent instances of facts.

International audience; This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Confederated International International Workshop on Enterprise Integration, Interoperability and Networking (EI2N ), Fact Based Modeling ( FBM), Industry Case Studies Program ( ICSP ), International Workshop on Methods, Evaluation, Tools and Applications for the Creation and Consumption of Structured Data for the e-Society (Meta4eS) and, 1st International Workshop on Security via Information Analytics and Applications (SIAnA 2019) held as part of OTM 2018 in October 2019 in Rhodes, Greece.As the three main conferences and the associated workshops all share the distributed aspects of modern computing systems, they experience the application pull created by the Internet and by the so-called Semantic Web, in particular developments of Big Data, increased importance of security issues, and the globalization of mobile-based technologies.

Hyperledger Fabric is a very large project under the umbrella of the Linux Foundation, with hundreds of developers involved. In this paper we will illustrate how the application of fact-based modeling will help us in understanding some basic features of the blockchain concept as is used in Hyperledger Fabric (HLF) and that it can serve as a conceptual blueprint of HLF for all involved to use.

Alpha~chloralose possesses distinct advantages in certain types of experiments, i.e. in cardiovascular and gastrointestinal research, The compound, however, has limited - if any - analgetic effect, and surgery can only be performed if additional analgesic drugs are administered. In the present study pigs and rats were anaesthetized with a combination of alpha-chloralose and nitrous oxide. A satisfactory surgical anaesthesia could be achieved in pigs using this method, whereas the dose required to obtain surgical anaesthesia in rats caused severe depression of the cardiovascular system. Moreover, a combined metabolic and dilutien acidosis was seen in the rat., Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 23 No. 4 (1996)

No abstract available, Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 21 No. 1 (1994)

Rats were anaesthetised with fentanyl-fluanisone and midazolami After 26 i 13 minutes the animals were relaxed enough for endotracheal intubation. A modified Venflon 2® intravenous cannula of 16 G was used for intubating the trachea, which was monitored with an otoscope. The technique described is a successful, atraumatic method of endotracheal intubation of the rat., Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 21 No. 4 (1994)

Ved plastinering fjernes kroppens væsker og fedt, og erstattes med silikone, der derefter hærdes. Plastineringen stopper nedbrydningen af vævet og bevarer det naturtro og livagtigt. På Biomedicinsk Laboratorium på Syddansk Universitet har vi anvendt Elnady-metoden – både for at opnå erfaring med metoden og for at anvende præparaterne i undervisningen i dyreforsøgskundskab.

In this paper we discuss the introduction of a course on fact-based modeling in the first year of the bachelor program Knowledge Engineering at Maastricht University. We will discuss the course built-up and the course assessment.

The theory and engineering of states and transitions has been developed since WWII, with considerable success. Since 2012 some Dutch government services organizations, academia and innovative companies decided to establish a co-creation, named Blue Chamber, with the aim to develop a national protocol to “translate the regulations” into a durable, IT-independent model or specifications for IT-supported, interactive, regulation based services. Regulation here means the union of laws, associated decrees and policies, both government and ministerial. Such a protocol acts like a process and each process requires a conceptual data structure or IT-independent reference model. During the analysis of the deep structure of regulations and the associated services it became clear that the theory and application of states and transitions could be applied as innovative tool in the process of specifying the durable specifications. In this paper we describe this approach using a small but significant law and associated services.

International audience; This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Confederated International International Workshop on Enterprise Integration, Interoperability and Networking (EI2N ), Fact Based Modeling ( FBM), Industry Case Studies Program ( ICSP ), International Workshop on Methods, Evaluation, Tools and Applications for the Creation and Consumption of Structured Data for the e-Society (Meta4eS), OnTheMove Academy (OTMA 2017), and ODBASE posters 2017, held as part of OTM 2017 in October 2017 in Rhodes, Greece.The 25 full papers presented together with 8 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 40 submissions. The workshops covers data systems and Web semantics, distributed objects, Web services, databases, information systems, enterprise work flow and collaboration, ubiquity, interoperability, mobility, grid and high-performance computing.

In 2012 some Dutch government services organizations, academia and innovative companies decided to establish a co-creation, named Blue Chamber, with the aim to develop a national protocol to “translate regulations” into a durable, IT-independent model or specifications for interactive regulation based services. Regulation here means the union of laws and decrees, both government and ministerial. Such a protocol acts like a process and each process requires a conceptual data structure or IT-independent reference model. After 5 years of research, development and validation, version 1 of the Reference model is ready for publication. The Dutch Government has decided to provide IT-based services and enforcement actions based on as many laws and decrees as appropriate. The core of this Reference model will be described in this paper. The CogNIAM variant of Fact Based Modeling has been used to develop the Reference model, using field-testing with the associated prototypes.

The theory and engineering of states and transitions has been developed since WWII, with considerable success. Since 2012 some Dutch government services organizations, academia and innovative companies decided to establish a co-creation, named Blue Chamber, with the aim to develop a national protocol to “translate the regulations” into a durable, IT-independent model or specifications for IT-supported, interactive, regulation based services. Regulation here means the union of laws, associated decrees and policies, both government and ministerial.Such a protocol acts like a process and each process requires a conceptual data structure or IT-independent reference model. During the analysis of the deep structure of regulations and the associated services it became clear that the theory and application of states and transitions could be applied as innovative tool in the process of specifying the durable specifications. In this paper we describe this approach using a small but significant law and associated services.

International audience; This volume of the Proceedings of the OTM Federated conferences includes 34 revised papers from the workshops EI2N, FBM, ICSP, Meta4eS, and OTMA 2016, Rhodes, Greece, October 24–28, 2016

In this paper we will present the results of research into the semantics of association end multiplicities (aems) in the unified modeling language (uml). In this paper we will give a precise definition of the aem concept in uml based upon the various definition ‘fragments’ we have encountered in the uml literature and we will give explicit rules for the application of the aem for the conceptual modeling of an application subject area.

In this paper we discuss the pitfalls in the oo-paradigm for its application in conceptual analysis and subsequently its application in is design. It is argued that there should exist a modeling procedure or methodology that guides the business domain analyst and the application designer on how to apply the oo modeling constructs in the different stages of the is development life cycle.

Recently, the omg has been working on developing a new standard for a business process management notation (bpmn). This standard development results in documents that contain the newest approved version of a standard or a standard proposal that can be amended. It is our vision that such a standard document, that also serves as a specification for bpmn modeling tool developers could benefit from a fact-based model in which the same domain knowledge is represented conceptually as a list of concept definitions (including naming conventions), a set of information structure diagrams and the constraints or business rules that govern the instances of the information structure diagrams. In this paper we will show precisely, how such a fact-based conceptual view on a standard document can be created, and we will show how a fact-based approach can improve the completeness of a specification.,.

Short title: Pinworm and fur mite infection in mice; treatment and preventive strategies. Title: Syphacia obvelata and Radfordia affinis infection in mice; treatment strategy, implementation of a new health monitoring system and establishment of improved quarantine procedures. Authors: Jakob le Fèvre Harslund, Karina Mandrupsen & Peter Bollen, Biomedical Laboratory, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark. Introduction: In 2014 we experienced an infection with pinworms. Subsequent health monitoring revealed positive findings of Radfordia and Tritrichomonas. Activities were initiated in an attempt to eliminate the infections and to prevent future similar events: -Fenbandazole treatment in drinking water (0.3 mg/ml, 5 weeks)-Selamectin treatment topically (1.2 mg/animal, 3 weeks)-Establishment of a new quarantine facility-Revision of staff access-Change from conventional serology to PCR based monitoringMaterials & methods:Drinking water containing 0.3 mg/ml fenbendazole (Panacur® Vet 10% Oral Suspension) was made by mixing 0.75 ml of Panacur® Vet with drinking water in 250 ml bottles. Precipitation in drinking water was minimized by handling the bottles on regular basis. Mice were treated for one week followed by one week without fenbendazole. This was repeated 5 times consecutively. Topical treatment of mice with selamectin (Stronghold® Vet, selamectin 120 mg/ml) was performed by dripping 0.01 ml of Stronghold stock solution in the neck using a micropipette (1). Every second week all mice more than 8-10 days old were treated once. Treatment was repeated 3 times on consecutively weeks.Syphacia obvelata infection was initially diagnosed by perianal tape tests from clinically infected mice and subsequently also by PCR on feces samples. Radfordia affinis infection was initially diagnosed by microscopy of fur/skin smears from clinically affected mice demonstrating live fur mites. Subsequently, fur mite infection was diagnosed by PCR analysis on fur swabs and swabs from exhaust manifolds of IVC (2). Results: Following fenbendazole treatment of mice all subsequent screenings of animals by perianal tape tests and PCR analysis on feces samples have been tested negative for pinworms.Treatment of mice with selamectin has led to complete eradication of fur mites in the facility, and all subsequent screenings by microscopy and PCR on fur swaps and from exhaust manifolds of IVC have been negative.Treatment strategies for eliminating Tritrichomonas muris have not yet been established, and the protozoa is diagnosed on irregular basis by PCR and microscopy on intestinal smears. Discussion and conclusion: Previously new animals were accepted after evaluation of a recent health monitoring report only. Due to an increase in mouse population, with a growth from an average population density of 2.594 mice in 2008 to 4957 mice in 2012, the number of imports and staff movements has increased drastically, resulting in a higher risk for acquiring infections. The infections with pinworms and fur mites were successfully treated, and successive health monitoring has demonstrated continuous absence of these pathogens. Tritrichomonas muris is to a wide extent regarded as a commensal in the intestinal lumen with minimal side effects on mice (3), and so far, the infection has not been related to clinical or pathological changes in mice in the facility.

International audience; This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the following 8 International Workshops: OTM Academy; OTM Industry Case Studies Program; Enterprise Integration, Interoperability, and Networking, EI2N; International Workshop on Fact Based Modeling 2015, FBM; Industrial and Business Applications of Semantic Web Technologies, INBAST; Information Systems, om Distributed Environment, ISDE; Methods, Evaluation, Tools and Applications for the Creation and Consumption of Structured Data for the e-Society, META4eS; and Mobile and Social Computing for collaborative interactions, MSC 2015. These workshops were held as associated events at OTM 2015, the federated conferences "On The Move Towards Meaningful Internet Systems and Ubiquitous Computing", in Rhodes, Greece, in October 2015.The 55 full papers presented together with 3 short papers and 2 popsters were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 100 submissions. The workshops share the distributed aspects of modern computing systems, they experience the application pull created by the Internet and by the so-called Semantic Web, in particular developments of Big Data, increased importance of security issues, and the globalization of mobile-based technologies.

Oral dosing is widely used to test compounds in minipigs. The procedure of oral dosing by gavage is stressful for the animals and may require up to 3-4 technicians to perform it. In humans, PEG catheters are commonly used to feed patients who are not able to ingest food, and where the placement of a nasal intragastric catheter is not possible. We suggested that oral dosing studies in minipigs would be easier to perform, and would cause less distress for the animals, when using PEG catheters, due to the absence of the need for restraint. For this reason, we investigated if PEG catheters could be placed and maintained in minipigs. Two male minipigs with a body weight of 6 kg were brought into general aneasthesia. Via a gastric endoscope, the ventricle was insufflated with CO2, and a PEG catheter was placed transabdominally. The animals were housed post-operatively for three weeks, after which they were euthanized. PEG placement was performed without complications, and the animals recovered uneventful. Both animals had a normal appetite and growth. Pathological inspection revealed a sheet of connective tissue around the catheter, with slight inflammation in both animals. One animal had slight erythema and exudation around the catheter, and an adhesion (1x1 cm) of the spleen. The study demonstrated that PEG catheter placement in the minipig is possible without major complications.

Euthanasia of laboratory animals should be quick, painless and with a minimum of distress to the animal. Methods of euthanasia are the topic of an ongoing discussion, especially with respect to the degree of pain and distress associated with different methods. A common method of euthanasia of rats is intraperitoneal administration of pentobarbitone. Because of the alkaline character of this drug (pH≈10), it is thought to induce severe tissue irritation, and thus pain, of the viscera and peritoneum. A published study demonstrated a reduced number of neurones with c-fos like immunoreactivity, suggesting a reduced nociception, in the spine of rats receiving a mixture of pentobarbital and lidocaine, compared to rats receiving pentobarbital alone. However, it is our experience that visible signs of pain are not always observable during euthanasia. For this reason we performed a study comparing two concentrations of pentobarbitone (50 mg/ml vs. 200 mg/ml) for euthanasia in rats (n=12). The time point of loss of balance, immobility and respiratory stop were registered, and the behaviour was assessed from video recordings of the procedure. Our study revealed no differences between the two concentrations of pentobarbitone. Loss of balance occured after 70-73 seconds, immobility after 117-135 seconds, and respiratory arrest after 229-238 seconds. Moreover, the behaviour of the rats did not show overt sign of pain or distress. These findings are discussed.

In this paper we will address the conceptual schema design procedure (CSDP) in fact-basedmodeling. We will focus on the modeling procedure of ‘cook-book’ for deriving the set-comparisonand mandatory role constraints. We will give an algorithm that can be applied by an analyst in ananalyst-user dialogue in which all set-comparison constraints can be derived as a result of theacceptance or rejection of real-life user examples by the domain expert.

Recently, the OMG has been working on developing a new standard for a business process management notation (BPMN). This standard development results in documents that contain the newest approved version of a standard or a standard proposal that can be ammended. It is our vision that such a standard document, that also serves as a specification for BPMN modeling tool developers could benefit from a fact-oriented model in which the same domain knowledge is represented conceptually as a list of concept definitions (including naming conventions), a set of information structure diagrams and the constraints or business rules that govern the instances of the information structure diagrams. In this paper we will show precisely, how such a fact-oriented conceptual view on a standard document can be created, and we will show how a fact-oriented approach can improve the completeness of a specification.

Novel food items, such as hazelnuts, are attractive as environmental enrichment, since they form a substrate for both foraging and gnawing behaviour. Hazelnuts are particularly rich in polyunsaturated fat. A hazelnut, weighing 2 g, contains 820 mg crude fat, contributing with 15% of the total intake of dietary fat when feeding with a typical rodent diet. We examined body weight development and serum cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acids in male and female Sprague Dawley rats, offered one hazelnut weekly each, for 10 weeks. Control animals were not offered hazelnuts. The animals were five weeks old at the start of the trial, and were fed ad libitum with a standard rodent diet containing 26.6% crude protein, 5.6% crude fat and 8.4% crude fibre. Body weight was measured weekly, and at the start of the trial, after five weeks and after 10 weeks, blood samples were taken from the tail vein for analyses of serum cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acids. We found no differences in body weight development between animals receiving hazelnuts and control animals. Males reached a body weight of 429 + 27 g and females 276 + 15 g. No differences in serum cholesterol and free fatty acids were observed. Triglyceride levels were slightly elevated in females receiving hazelnuts (0.98 + 0.43 vs. 1.31 + 0.26 mmol/l). On the basis of this, we concluded that hazelnuts are an acceptable form of environmental enrichment, which does not affect growth and levels of serum cholesterol and free fatty acids.

In this article we define a requirements elicitation method based on natural language modelling. We argue that our method complies with synthesized quality criteria for RE methods, and compare this with the compliance of traditional RE methods (EER, ORM, UML). We show limited empirical evidence to support our theoretical argument.

The object-role model (ORM) data structure can be represented in the unified modeling language (UML) using the five fact encoding constructs: class attribute, association, association class, sub-class and the association qualifier. In the existing literature there exist numerous mappings of how individual fact types from an ORM information model can be mapped onto ‘well-formed’ UML expressions. What is lacking in the existing literature is a precise description of the conditions on the ‘source’ object-role model under which a specific UML fact encoding construct can be applied in the ‘target’ UML class diagram. In this paper we will show under what conditions, a specific UML fact encoding construct must be applied in a way that results in a well-formed UML class diagram.