Search

Disaster recovery models are essential for informed decision-making towards improving the disaster resilience of communities. Development of recovery models in the past decade took two, mostly independent, directions: one focused on building-level recovery modeling, and the other focused on modeling regional post-disaster recovery. This study aims to bridge the gap between the two post-disaster recovery modeling levels by providing a method for information exchange between the building-level and region-level recovery models. The implementation of such data exchange is done through application programming interfaces (APIs). First, API/I defines the information provided by building-level recovery models to the regional recovery model, labelled as PADDs: Preceding Activities, Demand and Duration for each recovery activity of all damaged buildings. Then, regional recovery model uses the PADDs to simulate the recovery of buildings while accounting for regional resource constraints, and then feeds back the recovery activity progress to the building-level recovery models through the API/O to generate building-level functional recovery curves. The result of this integration is a new post-disaster recovery framework, F-RecN + iRe-CoDeS, developed by integrating the building-level F-Rec recovery framework with the regional iRe-CoDeS recovery framework. The post-earthquake recovery of a set of buildings characteristic of the downtown Los Angeles region is used to illustrate the proposed integrated framework., Engineering Structures, 288, ISSN:0141-0296

Functional recovery of buildings following earthquakes requires resources and services shared among damaged buildings on a community or regional level. Tools that can identify the relation between community’s pre-disaster supply of such resources and services and the recovery time of its built environment can inform disaster preparedness measures. This paper presents how community disaster recovery models based on the iRe- CoDeS framework can be used to identify such a relation and provide probabilistic estimates of resource and service quantities a community requires for an efficient post-earthquake recovery. Such capabilities of the iRe-CoDeS recovery models are illustrated using a regional recovery simulation for the region of Kraljevo, Serbia, following the M5.4 2010 earthquake. Results show that 200 workers are sufficient to repair residential buildings that experienced major structural damage in less than 550 days after the earthquake.

Past earthquakes have affected millions of people whose lives changed within a minute, and caused damage or collapse of thousands of buildings and infrastructure systems. In many cases, earthquakes have long-term consequences. Therefore, it is very important to study the effects of damaging earthquakes and share the lessons and field experience with technical professionals and general public. The authors are members of Serbian Association for Earthquake Engineering (SUZI-SAEE), which organized reconnaissance visits to the areas affected by the November 26, 2019 Durrës, Albania earthquake (Mw 6.4) and the December 29, 2020 Petrinja Croatia earthquake (Mw 6.4). This paper presents findings on the performance of reinforced concrete buildings in these two events. Characteristic damage patterns are presented in the paper, along with the explanation of the causes of damage and recommendations for future engineering practice in the affected countries and the region.

Communities need to be resilient to minimize direct and indirect losses due to earthquakes. To develop and compare effective resilience improvement measures, tools that quantify community earthquake resilience are needed. The iRe-CoDeS framework quantifies resilience by monitoring the post-disaster supply, demand and consumption of a community, viewed as a system-of-interdependent-systems, for various resources and services. Lack of Resilience is defined as the unmet demand of a community for a certain resource or service during the recovery period. This study illustrates the application of the iRe-CoDeS framework to quantify housing resilience of Kraljevo, Serbia, following the M5.4 2010 earthquake. Furthermore, damage prediction models are updated using the early arriving inspection data and the effect of updated damage assessment on the estimated resilience metrics is studied. Resilience quantification results obtained using the iRe-CoDeS model are compared to data collected after the event to validate the proposed resilience quantification model.

In the period of one year, several moderate intensity earthquakes occurred in the Balkan Peninsula. It is interesting that among four significant earthquakes in this period of time, two with the same magnitude (Mw 6.4) occurred. The first was on November 26, 2019 in Albania and second one on December 29, 2020 Petrinja (Croatia). Both events were quite devastating for the building stock in the epicentral area. Since most of the buildings in Balkan Peninsula are masonry buildings (single or multi-family apartments), this paper focuses on the performance of these buildings during the mentioned earthquakes. Quickly after both events, Serbian Association for Earthquake Engineering (SUZI-SAEE) organized an expert teams to visit affected areas. The goal was to document the consequences of the earthquakes on the built environment, as well as to provide support in damage assessment. Data collected during the visits is usded investigate the performance of masonry buildings. Most common types of failure are presented, pointing out the deficiencies in the behaviour of masonry structures. However, examples of good behaviour (mostly related to the well-constructed confined masonry buildings) are also presented.

On December 29, 2020 a magnitude 6.4 earthquake occurred in the Sisak-Moslavina county of Croatia. The earthquake occurred along the Popusko-Petrinja strike slip fault within the Eurasia plate at a depth of 10 km with an epicenter at 45.422°N 16.255°E, three kilometers (km) west-southwest of the city of Petrinja. The maximum intensity of the earthquake was VII (severe) on the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale and VIII (heavily damaging) to IX (destructive) on the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS). Due to the earthquake and resulting damage, there were seven fatalities, 26 people were injured, and many hundreds of people were displaced from their homes. The most affected city was Petrinja, but severe damage also occurred in Sisak, Dvor, Glina, Topusko, as well as in Croatia’s capital Zagreb, located approximately 50 km northwest of the epicenter. Damage was also reported in neighboring countries, including Slovenia, located north of Croatia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, located south of this region of Croatia. The purpose of this post-earthquake reconnaissance report is to provide, within a few days of the earthquake, an overview of the hazard characteristics and to summarize preliminary reports of damage to buildings, bridges, roads, and other infrastructure. Moreover, key findings are also summarized with regard to geotechnical failures that include liquefaction, lateral spreading, landslides, sinkholes and damage to the extended levee system along the Kupa, Odra and Sava rivers., Joint Reconnaissance Report, PRJ-2959

Reinforced concrete (RC) frame structural system is widely used for housing and commercial construction in urban areas around the world. Exterior and interior partitions are in the form of masonry infills, which are usually constructed using solid clay bricks or multi-perforated clay blocks. Although masonry infills influence the strength and stiffness of a structure subjected to earthquake ground shaking, they are often disregarded in numerical models used for seismic analysis and design of these structures. Numerous RC frame structures with masonry infills experienced damage and/or collapse in past earthquakes, including the M 7.6 Izmit, Turkey (1999); M 7.7 Bhuj, India (2001); M 6.8 Boumerdes, Algeria (2003); and M 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal (2015). In most cases, RC buildings did not experience major structural damage but masonry infills experienced damage or failure.

Pred Vama je publikacija kojom se otvara novo poglavlje u radu Srpskog udruženja za zemljotresno inženjerstvo (SUZI). Za posetu postradalim područjima u Albaniji, trebalo je: da se uopšte dogodi zemljotres, da SUZI shvati i odluči da treba ići kao i da, zahvaljujući Vašim članarinama SUZI bude u stanju da samostalno finansira ekspediciju. Obilazak je bio kratak, ali je obim informacija u ovoj publikaciji impresivan, zahvaljujući izuzetnom zalaganju članova tima, a i ostvarenoj saradnji sa albanskim kolegama čija pomoć je bila od neprocenjivog značaja za uspeh posete. Osim toga, članovi tima su imali prilike da sarađuju i sa kolegama iz Grčke, Velika Britanije, Nepala, Bugarske, i SAD, koji su posetili postradala područja, i sa kojima zajedno pripremaju izveštaj za Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI), u kome SUZI učestvuje kao partner. Zemljotres ovakve magnitude (6.4) i posledica ne očekuje se na teritoriji Srbije, ali su prikupljena iskustva značajna i za našu praksu, sa stanovišta projektovanja, izvođenja i održavanja kao i pripreme društva kako da hitno reaguje, i potom obnovi život na postradalom području. Utisak je da pri toj jačini zemljotresa ipak nije trebalo, niti smelo da dođe do kolapsa objekata i ljudskih žrtava, da su poštovani propisi? S druge strane, puno je primera da su konstrukcije objekata dobro podnele zemljotres, ali su štete na nekonstruktivnim delovima objekata prevelike, što je teret za vlasnike i zajednicu. Dosadašnji koncept propisa, da treba sprečiti kolaps objekata i ljudske žrtve, bez obzira da li će objekat nakon zemljotresa uz sanaciju biti upotrebljiv, više nije dovoljan, nije društveno prihvatljiv. Dolazi vreme da struka sa investitorima i zajednicom dogovara koji je nivo eventualne štete prihvatljiv, da se procene rizici i nađe optimalan balans između troškova građenja i troškova eventualne sanacije jednog dana. Ovo treba imati u vidu u toku čitanja ove publikacije. Ovo je do sada najdetaljnija publikacija SUZI, i prva u seriji publikacija na teme od značaja za teoriju i praksu zemljotresnog inženjerstva. Nadamo se da će buduće publikacije da doprinesu podizanju nivoa svesti i znanja iz oblasti projektovanja i izvođenja konstrukcija za dejstvo zemljotresa, seizmičkog hazarda i rizika, kao i ostalih tema od značaja za članove SUZI i ostale koji su zainteresovani za ovu problematiku.

Introduction: Stroke in young people has a major socioeconomic impact, since up to 30% of young patients may die or have permanent sequelae with expected longer survival than older patients. Aim: The aim is to investigate the efficacy and safety of intravenous thrombolysis in the young adults with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) comparing to elderly patients. Material and Methods: A total of 403 patients suffering from AIS treated with intravenous thrombolysis, were divided by age into two groups: patients aged 18 to 45 (n = 59) and patients older than 45 years (n = 344). The functional outcome, assessed by modified Rankin scale (mRS), was used as a measure of therapy efficacy, and the presence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) and mortality as a measure of thrombolysis safety. The follow-up period was 3 months after stroke onset. Results: There were no difference between two groups of patients in excellent functional outcome (mRS ≤ 1) (p = 0.149) and good functional outcome (mRS ≤ 2) (p = 0.156), while the rate of death was significantly lower in the group of younger patients (18-45 years 5.2% vs. > 45 years 17.0% , p = 0.019). Also, there was no statistically significant difference in the presence and type of sICH between these 2 groups of patients. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in good and excellent functional outcome, as well as the incidence of sICH in young adult patients with AIS treated with intravenous thrombolysis, compared to the older patients. The fatal outcome is lower in the group of younger AIS patients.

Zbornik radova Građevinskog fakulteta

The paper presents nonlinear analysis of square CFT columns using distributed plasticity fiber elements. Behaviour of CFT columns is nonlinear and it is necessary to include different nonlinear effects into the numerical model in order to simulate their behaviour properly. Model proposed in this work considers: nonlinear behaviour of concrete and steel using nonlinear stress-strain models, confinement effect and geometrical nonlinearities. Tests exposed to static loading with different slenderness, different D/t ratio (where D is the total dimension of a cross section and t is the thickness of steel tube) and different loading conditions are analyzed. Stress-strain models that best approximate the behaviour of CFT columns are determined from a detailed parametric study. The proposed numerical model is validated by comparing numerical with experimental results available in the literature. U radu je prikazana nelinearna analiza kvadratnih CFT stubova, pomoću fiber konačnog elemenata raspodeljene plastičnosti. CFT stubove karakteriše nelinearno ponašanje, što je potrebno imati u vidu u numeričkom modelu. Model predložen u ovom radu uzima u obzir sledeće nelinearne uticaje: nelinearno ponašanje betona i čelika primenom odgovarajućih konstitutivnih relacija, efekat utezanja betona i geometrijske nelinearnosti. Analizirani su uzorci izloženi delovanju statičkog opterećenja koji imaju različitu vitkost, odnos D/t (odnos ukupne dimenzije čeličnog profila [D] i debljine čeličnog profila [t]), kao i uzorci izloženi različitim tipovima naprezanja. Na osnovu parametarske analize, određeni su modeli materijala za čelik i beton, kao i njihovi parametri koji najbolje aproksimiraju ponašanje CFT stubova. Tačnost modela proverena je zatim i upoređivanjem sa eksperimentalnim podacima dostupnim u literaturi.

The nucleation of K2TiGe3O9 crystals in an undercooled melt of stoichiometric composition was studied. Volume nucleation with spherical morphology of the growing crystals was determined. The nucleation range is in the temperature interval 540-630 degrees C. A maximum of the steady state nucleation rate of I-max = 1.4 x 10(15) m(-3).s(-1) was determined at the temperature T-n(max) = 582 degrees C. The temperature and time dependence of the nucleation rate was analyzed and it was shown that such a nucleation behavior was the result of a low thermodynamic and kinetic barrier. The results showed that the temperature intervals of nucleation and crystal growth of this undercooled melt partly overlapped.

The crystallization of K2O center dot TiO2 center dot 3GeO(2) glass under non-isothermal condition was studied. In powdered glass with particle sizes less than 0.15 mm, surface crystallization was dominant and an activation energy of crystal growth of E-a,E-s = 327 +/- 50 kJ mol(-1) was calculated. In the size range 0.15 to 0.45 mm, both surface and volume crystallization occurred. For particle sizes gt 0.45 mm, volume crystallization dominated with spherulitic morphology of the crystals growth and E-a,E-v = 359 +/- 64 kJ mol(-1) was calculated.

The crystallisation behaviour of calcium phosphate glass containing vanadium oxide was studied. Glass with a molar ratio of [CaO]/[P2O5] = 1.13 and a V2O5 content of 8 mol.% was prepared for the experiments. The crystallisation of bulk glass samples was performed tinder isothermal conditions at T = 650-820 degrees C. The surface crystallisation mechanism of studied glass with dendritic growth of the primary alpha-Ca2P2O7 phase was observed. In all crystallised samples, beta-Ca2P2O7 and VP2O7 appeared as the secondary phases. In the investigated temperature range, crystal growth rates 9 x 10(-9) - 2.14 x 10(-6) m/s were determined. The temperature dependence of the crystal growth rate makes possible to calculate activation energy E-a = 407 +/- 30 kJ/mol of crystallization. The experimental data were compared with those estimated by using a theoretical model of the crystal growth rate and good agreement between the results was found.

Structure and crystallization of K 2 O·TiO 2 ·3GeO 2 glass have been investigated by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD analysis of crystallized glass reveals the presence of crystalline K 2 O TiO 2 3GeO 2 indicating the same composition of crystalline and parent glass. For glass particle size > 0.15 mm volume crystallization is dominant crystallization mechanism. SEM investigation of the crystallized glass confirmed volume crystallization of spherical nuclei. Struktura a vlastnosti K2O·TiO2·3GeO2 skel byly zkoumány infraèervenou spektrometrií s Fourierovou transformací (FTIR), diferenèní termickou analýzou (DTA), diferenèní skenovací kalorimetrií (DSC), RTG difrakèní analýzou (XRD) a skenovací elektronovou mikroskopií (SEM). RTG analýza zkrystalovaných skel odhalila pøítomnost krystalického K2O·TiO2·3GeO2 ukazující totožné složení krystalické a skelné fáze. Dominujícím mechanismem krystalizace èástic skla vìtších než 0,15 mm je objemová krystalizace sférických nukleí, která byla rovnìž potvrzena SEM analýzou.

Low temperature processes during the synthesis of PbO-B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -La 2 O 3 glasses were studied by thermal analysis of the batch mixture of glasses and X-ray powder diffraction analysis of samples that crystallized during invesrtigations of the crystallization ability of the synthesized glasses. The obtained results and available thermodynamic data indicate the formation of PbO·B 2 O 3 , PbO·2B 2 O 3 and La 2 O 3 ·B 2 O 3 ·SiO 2 in the temperature interval 400-700°C.

Razvoj novih materijala, kao i nastojanja za iskorišćenjem njihovih tehnološki atraktivnih karakteristika doveli su do intenzivnije sinteze novih ultrafinih struktura i nanofaznih prahova. Istraživanja obuhvaćena radom fokusirana su na dirigovanu sintezu nanostrukturnih oksidnih prahova iz sistema koje odlikuje izrazita jonska (ZnCr2O4) i elektronska provodnost(Bi1.8Pb0.2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox) primenom metode reakcionog raspršivanja. Akcenat je stavljen na nastanak faza koje su potencijalni nosioci svojstava značajnih za tehničku primenu materijala. Primenjena strategija rezultat je razvoja metode sa stanovišta definisanja odnosa u trijadi sinteza-struktura-svojstvo i izvodjenja procesa kontrolisane sinteze. Proces sinteze ZnCr2O4 praha izveden je u uslovima ultrazvučnog reakcionog raspršivanja rastvora nitrata koncentracije 0.03mol/dm3 pri unapred definisanim parametrima procesa i za različito vreme zadržavanja kapi/čestice na Tmax uz dodatan boravak u reakcionim zonama sa nižom temperaturom. Čestice nastaju procesom zapreminskom precipitacije, nukleacije, rasta kristala i obrazovanja primarnih nanočestica koje nisu u slobodnom stanju vec izgradjuju agregate sferičnog oblika i srednje veličine 470nm. Za prah iz filtra karakterističan je nastanak čestica ZnCr2O4 na čijoj se površini jasno uočavaju primarne čestice veličine nekoliko desetina nanometra. Strukturna analiza ovog praha pokazuje prisustvo primarnih kristalita veličine 44nm, i najveću utvrdjenu vrednost mikronaprezanja, 0.638%. Produženje vremena boravka čestica u reakcionoj zoni dovodi do promene morfologije prahova, pri čemu je za čestice praha zone I karakteristično nastajanja punih čestica, glatke površine i homogenog sastava. Veličina primarnih kristalita odredjena na bazi strukturne difraktometrijske analize iznosi 33nm. Na bazi faktora okupiranosti katjonskih položaja u jediničnoj ćeliji spinela utvrdjeni odnos katjona Zn i Cr blizak je zadatoj vrednosti (0.5) i iznosi: 0.496 (prah zone I), 0.481 (prah zone II) i 0.518 (prah iz filtra), dok su nešto više vrednosti ovog odnosa dobijene na bazi EDS analize. Dodatni termički tretman prahova (2h,1000 0C), dovodi do stabilisanja spinelne faze sa odnosom Zn/Cr=0.52 uz izdvajanje ZnO (1,9 %mas.). Na osnovu analize termodinamički ostvarivih defekata u spinelu pokazano je da je favorizovani nastanak faze u kojoj egzistira višak Zn2+ jona posledica obrazovanja Cr4+ grupe defekata. Ostvarena morfologija čestica spinelne faze odgovara kristalnim formama za koje se modelom predvidjaju poboljšana senzorska svojstva. Razvoj faza i obrazovanje Bi1.8Pb0.2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox (2223 faza) u postupku reakcionog raspršivanja rastvora nitrata ukupne koncentracije 1mol/dm3 praćen je sa aspekta modifikacije prekursora (2 %mas. uree), odnosno iniciranja egzotermne reakcije u kapi/ čestici. Pokazano je da proces kontrolisane hidrolize uz intenzivno oslobadjanje toplote dovodi do procesa termičke eksplozije kapi/čestice, što prividno ubrzava proces razlaganja nitrata zbog smanjenja zapremine u kojoj se reakcija odvija što ima za posledicu i promenu faznog sastava čestica. Morfologija čestica ostaje nepromenjena, te prah karakteriše prisustvo sferičnih čestica srednje veličine 140nm. Difraktometrijska analiza ukazuje na dobru kristaliničnost prahova, uz karakterističnu koegzistenziju ortorombične 2212 i tetragonalne 2223 faze, kao i prisustvo malih količina Sr14Cu24O41, Ca2PbO4 i Ca2CuO3. Sastav praha odredjen je na bazi semi-kvantitativne analize površine i definisan je stehiometrijom Bi1.9Sr1.56Ca2.23Cu3.18Ox. Za prah dobijen reakcionim raspršivanjem osnovnog prekursorskog rastvora nitrata karakteristično je prisustvo dve različite morfološke forme čestica, i to: submikronskih (400 nm) sferičnih čestica glatke površine, karakterističnih za proces reakcionog raspršivanja i čestica poligonalnog oblika čija dimenzija iznosi i do 15 m u pravcu duže ose. Po svom hemijskom sastavu čestice poligonalnog oblika odlikuje izuzetno visok sardžaj stroncijuma i kiseonika, i njihovo prisustvo u prahu je verovatno posledica nepotpunog rastvaranja polazne stroncijumove soli koja konverzijom u procesu sinteze daje čestice stroncijum oksida. Difraktometrijska analiza je potvrdila prisustvo SrO a nađeno je i par refleksija Sr(NO3)2. Po svom faznom sastavu prah je okarakterisan maksimalnim udelom 2212 faze, dok se 2223 faza i Ca2PbO4 u uzorku nalaze kao prateće faze. Na bazi semi-kvantitativne analize ukupnog uzorka definisana je stehiometrija Bi2.02Sr1.71Ca2.23Cu3.01Ox. Karakteristično in-situ obrazovanje 2223 faze u procesu sinteze reakcionim raspršivanjem kao i izostajanje stvaranja bizumutata tipa (Ca,Sr)-Bi-O omogućava olakšanu konverziju pratećih faza u 2223 fazu tokom dodatnog termičkog tretmana sintetisanih prahova. Dvočasovni tretman u kiseoniku pri 845 °C dovodi do promene stehiometrije čestica i ukazuje na značaj funikularnih i pendularnih stupnjeva aglomeracije u daljem procesu obrazovanja koherentnih struktura 2223 faze. Development of advanced materials, together with the efforts invested in the optimization of their current properties result today in the opening of a new field: design of ultra-fine structure materials. Nanostructured materials with new and improved properties could be prepared through different techniques. Investigations presented here are focused on conducted synthesis of nanostructured oxide powders in ZnCr2O4 and Bi1.8Pb0.2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox systems using the spray pyrolysis method. The main emphasis is on controlled evolution of specific phases characterized with properties suitable for potential technical application. The strategy used is the result of methodology development from the viewpoint of establishing synthesis-structure-properties relations. Because of that, investigation of phase thermal stability, particle morphology - shape, size and agglomeration, crystal structure - grain boundary and defects concentration, homogeneity of chemical composition are of special interest. As a result of ZnCr2O4 powder conduction synthesis using spray pyrolysis of nitrate salts, spherical particles with uniform size around 470 nm are obtained. Synthesized dense particles are uniform in shape and posses small differences in crystallinity and stoichiometry. Effect of droplet/particle residence time on final powder morphology is established through investigation of precursor decomposition, nucleation and growth of primary crystallites in nanoporous precipitated particles. It was shown that increase of the residence time indicates growth of nanocrystallites with mean sizes around 40nm leading to dense particle evolution. Also, formation of a spinel phase with high homogeneity and uniformity of chemical composition in all produced samples are characterized with the cation ratio of Zn/Cr=0.68. Constant mismatching in stoichiometry from the assigned value, as well as additional changes in particle morphology after their thermal treatment at 1000 °C (2h) is the consequence of ZnO dissolution in a spinel cell and is explained by a model, which is based on computing of crystal surface formation energy and surfaces attachment energy. It was shown that the achieved particle morphology is predicted by a model as an unique surface structure which posses improved sensor and catalytic properties. Specific phase development in the Bi1.8Pb0.2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox system synthesized through conducted spray pyrolysis process is estimated from the viewpoint of nitrate precursor modification due to in situ existence of a thermal source in every droplet. The effect of controlled hydrolysis as well as thermal explosion of droplets on 2223 phase formation is defined based on the investigation of salt precipitation and the decomposition process. Additional reduction in particle size from 400 to 140 nm and maintenance of structural and compositional homogeneity result in intensification of different phase conversions and orthorhombic 2223 phase formation. Coexistence of both, 2212 and 2223 phase is determined for all samples. Their further conversion is favorized due to the presence of liquid phase rich in Ca2+ and Cu3+ ions during additional thermal treatment in oxygen. Shortening of the time needed for vacancy distribution during orthogonal-tetragonal transition results in phase intercalation and formation of a 2223 phase richer in strontium content. Initial sintering and coherent phase development in thermally treated samples are related to the presence of funicular and pendulum agglomeration states. Establishing of conducted nanostructured oxide synthesis through spray pyrolysis process classify this method as one that is successful in production of advanced functional materials.

Razvoj novih materijala, kao i nastojanja za iskorišćenjem njihovih tehnološki atraktivnih karakteristika doveli su do intenzivnije sinteze novih ultrafinih struktura i nanofaznih prahova. Istraživanja obuhvaćena radom fokusirana su na dirigovanu sintezu nanostrukturnih oksidnih prahova iz sistema koje odlikuje izrazita jonska (ZnCr2O4) i elektronska provodnost(Bi1.8Pb0.2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox) primenom metode reakcionog raspršivanja. Akcenat je stavljen na nastanak faza koje su potencijalni nosioci svojstava značajnih za tehničku primenu materijala. Primenjena strategija rezultat je razvoja metode sa stanovišta definisanja odnosa u trijadi sinteza-struktura-svojstvo i izvodjenja procesa kontrolisane sinteze. Proces sinteze ZnCr2O4 praha izveden je u uslovima ultrazvučnog reakcionog raspršivanja rastvora nitrata koncentracije 0.03mol/dm3 pri unapred definisanim parametrima procesa i za različito vreme zadržavanja kapi/čestice na Tmax uz dodatan boravak u reakcionim zonama sa nižom temperaturom. Čestice nastaju procesom zapreminskom precipitacije, nukleacije, rasta kristala i obrazovanja primarnih nanočestica koje nisu u slobodnom stanju vec izgradjuju agregate sferičnog oblika i srednje veličine 470nm. Za prah iz filtra karakterističan je nastanak čestica ZnCr2O4 na čijoj se površini jasno uočavaju primarne čestice veličine nekoliko desetina nanometra. Strukturna analiza ovog praha pokazuje prisustvo primarnih kristalita veličine 44nm, i najveću utvrdjenu vrednost mikronaprezanja, 0.638%. Produženje vremena boravka čestica u reakcionoj zoni dovodi do promene morfologije prahova, pri čemu je za čestice praha zone I karakteristično nastajanja punih čestica, glatke površine i homogenog sastava. Veličina primarnih kristalita odredjena na bazi strukturne difraktometrijske analize iznosi 33nm. Na bazi faktora okupiranosti katjonskih položaja u jediničnoj ćeliji spinela utvrdjeni odnos katjona Zn i Cr blizak je zadatoj vrednosti (0.5) i iznosi: 0.496 (prah zone I), 0.481 (prah zone II) i 0.518 (prah iz filtra), dok su nešto više vrednosti ovog odnosa dobijene na bazi EDS analize. Dodatni termički tretman prahova (2h,1000 0C), dovodi do stabilisanja spinelne faze sa odnosom Zn/Cr=0.52 uz izdvajanje ZnO (1,9 %mas.). Na osnovu analize termodinamički ostvarivih defekata u spinelu pokazano je da je favorizovani nastanak faze u kojoj egzistira višak Zn2+ jona posledica obrazovanja Cr4+ grupe defekata. Ostvarena morfologija čestica spinelne faze odgovara kristalnim formama za koje se modelom predvidjaju poboljšana senzorska svojstva. Razvoj faza i obrazovanje Bi1.8Pb0.2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox (2223 faza) u postupku reakcionog raspršivanja rastvora nitrata ukupne koncentracije 1mol/dm3 praćen je sa aspekta modifikacije prekursora (2 %mas. uree), odnosno iniciranja egzotermne reakcije u kapi/ čestici. Pokazano je da proces kontrolisane hidrolize uz intenzivno oslobadjanje toplote dovodi do procesa termičke eksplozije kapi/čestice, što prividno ubrzava proces razlaganja nitrata zbog smanjenja zapremine u kojoj se reakcija odvija što ima za posledicu i promenu faznog sastava čestica. Morfologija čestica ostaje nepromenjena, te prah karakteriše prisustvo sferičnih čestica srednje veličine 140nm. Difraktometrijska analiza ukazuje na dobru kristaliničnost prahova, uz karakterističnu koegzistenziju ortorombične 2212 i tetragonalne 2223 faze, kao i prisustvo malih količina Sr14Cu24O41, Ca2PbO4 i Ca2CuO3. Sastav praha odredjen je na bazi semi-kvantitativne analize površine i definisan je stehiometrijom Bi1.9Sr1.56Ca2.23Cu3.18Ox. Za prah dobijen reakcionim raspršivanjem osnovnog prekursorskog rastvora nitrata karakteristično je prisustvo dve različite morfološke forme čestica, i to: submikronskih (400 nm) sferičnih čestica glatke površine, karakterističnih za proces reakcionog raspršivanja i čestica poligonalnog oblika čija dimenzija iznosi i do 15 m u pravcu duže ose. Po svom hemijskom sastavu čestice poligonalnog oblika odlikuje izuzetno visok sardžaj stroncijuma i kiseonika, i njihovo prisustvo u prahu je verovatno posledica nepotpunog rastvaranja polazne stroncijumove soli koja konverzijom u procesu sinteze daje čestice stroncijum oksida. Difraktometrijska analiza je potvrdila prisustvo SrO a nađeno je i par refleksija Sr(NO3)2. Po svom faznom sastavu prah je okarakterisan maksimalnim udelom 2212 faze, dok se 2223 faza i Ca2PbO4 u uzorku nalaze kao prateće faze. Na bazi semi-kvantitativne analize ukupnog uzorka definisana je stehiometrija Bi2.02Sr1.71Ca2.23Cu3.01Ox. Karakteristično in-situ obrazovanje 2223 faze u procesu sinteze reakcionim raspršivanjem kao i izostajanje stvaranja bizumutata tipa (Ca,Sr)-Bi-O omogućava olakšanu konverziju pratećih faza u 2223 fazu tokom dodatnog termičkog tretmana sintetisanih prahova. Dvočasovni tretman u kiseoniku pri 845 °C dovodi do promene stehiometrije čestica i ukazuje na značaj funikularnih i pendularnih stupnjeva aglomeracije u daljem procesu obrazovanja koherentnih struktura 2223 faze. Development of advanced materials, together with the efforts invested in the optimization of their current properties result today in the opening of a new field: design of ultra-fine structure materials. Nanostructured materials with new and improved properties could be prepared through different techniques. Investigations presented here are focused on conducted synthesis of nanostructured oxide powders in ZnCr2O4 and Bi1.8Pb0.2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox systems using the spray pyrolysis method. The main emphasis is on controlled evolution of specific phases characterized with properties suitable for potential technical application. The strategy used is the result of methodology development from the viewpoint of establishing synthesis-structure-properties relations. Because of that, investigation of phase thermal stability, particle morphology - shape, size and agglomeration, crystal structure - grain boundary and defects concentration, homogeneity of chemical composition are of special interest. As a result of ZnCr2O4 powder conduction synthesis using spray pyrolysis of nitrate salts, spherical particles with uniform size around 470 nm are obtained. Synthesized dense particles are uniform in shape and posses small differences in crystallinity and stoichiometry. Effect of droplet/particle residence time on final powder morphology is established through investigation of precursor decomposition, nucleation and growth of primary crystallites in nanoporous precipitated particles. It was shown that increase of the residence time indicates growth of nanocrystallites with mean sizes around 40nm leading to dense particle evolution. Also, formation of a spinel phase with high homogeneity and uniformity of chemical composition in all produced samples are characterized with the cation ratio of Zn/Cr=0.68. Constant mismatching in stoichiometry from the assigned value, as well as additional changes in particle morphology after their thermal treatment at 1000 °C (2h) is the consequence of ZnO dissolution in a spinel cell and is explained by a model, which is based on computing of crystal surface formation energy and surfaces attachment energy. It was shown that the achieved particle morphology is predicted by a model as an unique surface structure which posses improved sensor and catalytic properties. Specific phase development in the Bi1.8Pb0.2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox system synthesized through conducted spray pyrolysis process is estimated from the viewpoint of nitrate precursor modification due to in situ existence of a thermal source in every droplet. The effect of controlled hydrolysis as well as thermal explosion of droplets on 2223 phase formation is defined based on the investigation of salt precipitation and the decomposition process. Additional reduction in particle size from 400 to 140 nm and maintenance of structural and compositional homogeneity result in intensification of different phase conversions and orthorhombic 2223 phase formation. Coexistence of both, 2212 and 2223 phase is determined for all samples. Their further conversion is favorized due to the presence of liquid phase rich in Ca2+ and Cu3+ ions during additional thermal treatment in oxygen. Shortening of the time needed for vacancy distribution during orthogonal-tetragonal transition results in phase intercalation and formation of a 2223 phase richer in strontium content. Initial sintering and coherent phase development in thermally treated samples are related to the presence of funicular and pendulum agglomeration states. Establishing of conducted nanostructured oxide synthesis through spray pyrolysis process classify this method as one that is successful in production of advanced functional materials.