23 results on '"Bieke Tack"'
Search Results
2. Direct association between rainfall and non-typhoidal Salmonella bloodstream infections in hospital-admitted children in the Democratic Republic of Congo
- Author
-
Jan Jacobs, Bieke Tack, Liesbet Jacobs, Marie-France Phoba, Barbara Barbé, Lisette Mbuyi-Kalonji, Liselotte Hardy, Daniel Vita, Octavie Lunguya, and Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics (IBED, FNWI)
- Subjects
Male ,Salmonella typhimurium ,Epidemiology ,Non typhoidal salmonella ,DISEASE ,Environmental impact ,Risk Factors ,Case fatality rate ,CLIMATE-CHANGE ,Multidisciplinary ,Under-five ,Transmission (medicine) ,respiratory system ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Multidisciplinary Sciences ,Hospitalization ,Child, Preschool ,Salmonella Infections ,Democratic Republic of the Congo ,Science & Technology - Other Topics ,Infectious diseases ,Medicine ,Female ,Seasons ,Wet season ,BACTEREMIA ,Anemia ,Science ,Biology ,TIME-SERIES REGRESSION ,Paediatric research ,Article ,REGION ,Environmental health ,Sepsis ,SURVEILLANCE ,MANAGEMENT ,medicine ,Humans ,Clinical microbiology ,Retrospective Studies ,Science & Technology ,CLINICAL PRESENTATION ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Bacteriology ,ENTERICA ,medicine.disease ,Malnutrition ,Salmonella enteritidis ,nervous system ,RESISTANCE ,Malaria - Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) ranks first among causes of bloodstream infection in children under five years old in the Democratic Republic of Congo and has a case fatality rate of 15%. Main host-associated risk factors are Plasmodium falciparum malaria, anemia and malnutrition. NTS transmission in sub-Saharan Africa is poorly understood. NTS bloodstream infections mostly occur during the rainy season, which may reflect seasonal variation in either environmental transmission or host susceptibility. We hypothesized that environment- and host-associated factors contribute independently to the seasonal variation in NTS bloodstream infections in children under five years old admitted to Kisantu referral hospital in 2013–2019. We used remotely sensed rainfall and temperature data as proxies for environmental factors and hospital data for host-associated factors. We used principal component analysis to disentangle the interrelated environment- and host-associated factors. With timeseries regression, we demonstrated a direct association between rainfall and NTS variation, independent of host-associated factors. While the latter explained 17.5% of NTS variation, rainfall explained an additional 9%. The direct association with rainfall points to environmental NTS transmission, which should be explored by environmental sampling studies. Environmental and climate change may increase NTS transmission directly or via host susceptibility, which highlights the importance of preventive public health interventions.
- Published
- 2021
3. Collaborative partnerships as a solution for poor access to essential antimicrobial medicines: what can we learn from the chlorhexidine gel example?
- Author
-
Bieke Tack, Raffaella Ravinetto, and Karel Allegaert
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Science & Technology ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Health services research ,Therapeutics ,Neonatology ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Pediatrics ,Microbiology - Abstract
ispartof: BMJ PAEDIATRICS OPEN vol:6 issue:1 ispartof: location:England status: published
- Published
- 2022
4. 16 Poor availability of age-appropriate drug formulations in DR Congo: a barrier to switch from intravenous to oral antibiotics in children admitted to Kisantu hospital
- Author
-
Bieke Tack, Daniel Emmanuel, Japhet Vita, Ntangu Ngina, Octavie Lunguya, Dina Vangeluwe, Karel Allegaert, and Rafaella Ravinetto
- Subjects
Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health - Abstract
In children with severe bacterial infection in low-resource settings, switch from intravenous to oral antibiotics is important to reduce nosocomial infections and costs. We report barriers to reliable oral antibiotic administration in children under five admitted to Kisantu hospital (DR Congo) with bloodstream infection. Qualitative observations were compiled during field studies (DeNTS/TreNTS study:NCT04473768/04850677). Antibiotics were procured by the hospital pharmacy and part of routine care.Oral switch mostly relied on Watch antibiotics (ciprofloxacin/azithromycin) due to predomination of multiresistant Salmonella bloodstream infections. Available oral formulations were conventional tablets and powders/granules for reconstitution. Water for reconstitution was rarely sterile and volumes were not exactly measured. Instructions on reconstitution and/or a volume mark on the bottle were missing for some in-country produced antibiotics. Accurate oral dosing was impeded by complex dose calculations and absence of dosing devices. Vomiting after administration suggested poor palatability. Bottle antisepsis was endangered by use of the cap for administration. Treatment compliance suffered from non-affordability.Insufficient availability of age-appropriate antibiotic formulations is a biohazard and driver of inappropriate antibiotic use, fuelling antimicrobial resistance. WHO should integrate antibiotics in pediatric drug optimization and medicine prequalification. National regulatory authorities should adopt stringent specifications for formulations and dosing devices when granting marketing authorizations. To enable safe and effective oral switch in low-resource settings, solid flexible dosing formulations based on age/weight bands of Watch antibiotics are needed
- Published
- 2023
5. Field Experiences with Handheld Diagnostic Devices to Triage Children under Five Presenting with Severe Febrile Illness in a District Hospital in DR Congo
- Author
-
Bieke Tack, Daniel Vita, Irène Mansosa, Thomas Nsema Mbaki, Naomie Wasolua, Aimée Luyindula, Jaan Toelen, Octavie Lunguya, and Jan Jacobs
- Subjects
children under five ,usability ,label comprehension ,danger sign ,Clinical Biochemistry ,instructions for use ,handheld diagnostic device ,triage ,low-resource setting ,severe febrile illness - Abstract
As part of a field study (NCT04473768) in children presenting with severe febrile illness to Kisantu hospital (DR Congo), we retrospectively compiled user experiences (not performance) with handheld diagnostic devices assisting triage: tympanic thermometer, pulse oximeter (measuring heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation), hemoglobinometer and glucometer. Guidance documents for product selection were generic and scattered. Stock rupture, market withdrawal and unaffordable prices interfered with procurement. Challenges at implementation included environmental temperature, capillary blood sampling (antisepsis, order of multiple tests, filling microcuvettes and glucose strips), calibration (environmental temperature, cold chain) and liability-oriented communication with a manufacturer. Instructions for use were readable and contained symbol keys; two devices had printed French-language instructions. Shortcomings were poor integration of figures with text and distinct procedures for the oximeter and its sensor. Usability interview revealed appreciations for quick results, visibility of the display and memory function (three devices) but also problems of capillary blood sample transfer, cleaning, too long of a time-to-results (respiratory rate) and size, fitting and disposal of thermometer probes. Pictorial error messages were preferred over alphanumeric error codes but interpretation of symbols was poor. Alarm sounds of the oximeter caused unrest in children and caretakers perceived the device as associated with poor prognosis. ispartof: DIAGNOSTICS vol:12 issue:3 ispartof: location:Switzerland status: published
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review on antimicrobial resistance and treatment
- Author
-
Jan Jacobs, Jaan Toelen, Jolien Vanaenrode, Jan Y Verbakel, and Bieke Tack
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,BACTEREMIA ,medicine.medical_specialty ,MICROBIOLOGICAL FEATURES ,030106 microbiology ,Antimicrobial treatment ,lcsh:Medicine ,CHILDREN ,Invasive infections ,Azithromycin ,Antimicrobial resistance ,RURAL DISTRICT ,DISEASE ,03 medical and health sciences ,Medicine, General & Internal ,0302 clinical medicine ,Antibiotic resistance ,General & Internal Medicine ,Ampicillin ,Internal medicine ,Drug Resistance, Bacterial ,MANAGEMENT ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Non-typhoidalSalmonella ,Africa South of the Sahara ,Cephalosporin Resistance ,Non-typhoidal Salmonella ,NON-TYPHOIDAL SALMONELLA ,DRUG-RESISTANCE ,Science & Technology ,Sub-Saharan Africa ,business.industry ,CLINICAL-FEATURES ,lcsh:R ,General Medicine ,Antimicrobial ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Multiple drug resistance ,Ciprofloxacin ,Salmonella Infections ,Ceftriaxone ,BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS ,business ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Research Article ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) are a frequent cause of invasive infections in sub-Saharan Africa. They are frequently multidrug resistant (co-resistant to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol), and resistance to third-generation cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone non-susceptibility have been reported. Third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones are often used to treat invasive NTS infections, but azithromycin might be an alternative. However, data on antibiotic treatment efficacy in invasive NTS infections are lacking. In this study, we aimed to assess the spatiotemporal distribution of antimicrobial resistance in invasive NTS infections in sub-Saharan Africa and to describe the available evidence and recommendations on antimicrobial treatment. Methods We conducted a systematic review of all available literature on antimicrobial resistance and treatment in invasive NTS infections. We performed a random effects meta-analysis to assess the temporal distribution of multidrug resistance, third-generation cephalosporin resistance, and fluoroquinolone non-susceptibility. We mapped these data to assess the spatial distribution. We provided a narrative synthesis of the available evidence and recommendations on antimicrobial treatment. Results Since 2001, multidrug resistance was observed in 75% of NTS isolates from all sub-Saharan African regions (95% confidence interval, 70–80% and 65–84%). Third-generation cephalosporin resistance emerged in all sub-Saharan African regions and was present in 5% (95% confidence interval, 1–10%) after 2010. Fluoroquinolone non-susceptibility emerged in all sub-Saharan African regions but did not increase over time. Azithromycin resistance was reported in DR Congo. There were no reports on carbapenem resistance. We did not find high-quality evidence on the efficacy of antimicrobial treatment. There were no supranational guidelines. The “Access group” antibiotics ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol and “Watch group” antibiotics ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and ciprofloxacin were recommended as the first-choice antibiotics in national guidelines or reviews. These also recommended (a switch to) oral fluoroquinolones or azithromycin. Conclusions In addition to the widespread multidrug resistance in invasive NTS infections in sub-Saharan Africa, resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolone non-susceptibility was present in all regions. There was a lack of data on the efficacy of antimicrobial treatment in these infections, and supranational evidence-based guidelines were absent.
- Published
- 2020
7. Simvastatin attenuates lung functional and vascular effects of hyperoxia in preterm rabbits
- Author
-
Derek de Winter, Karel Allegaert, Nathalie Berghen, Bieke Tack, Jan Deprest, Julio Jimenez, Jaan Toelen, Thomas Salaets, Andre Gie, Flore Lesage, Pediatric Surgery, and Pediatrics
- Subjects
Hyperoxia ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Lung ,Vascular disease ,business.industry ,Inflammation ,respiratory system ,medicine.disease ,respiratory tract diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Vascular endothelial growth factor A ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Bronchopulmonary dysplasia ,Simvastatin ,030225 pediatrics ,Internal medicine ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Complication ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a frequent complication following preterm birth, affecting respiratory health throughout life. Transcriptome analysis in a preterm rabbit model for BPD revealed dysregulation of key genes for inflammation, vascular growth and lung development in animals exposed to hyperoxia, which could be prevented by simvastatin. Preterm rabbits were randomized to either normoxia (21% O2) or hyperoxia (95% O2) and within each condition to treatment with 5 mg/kg simvastatin daily or control. Lung function, structure and mRNA-expression was assessed on day 7. Simvastatin partially prevented the effect of hyperoxia on lung function, without altering alveolar structure or inflammation. A trend towards a less fibrotic phenotype was noted in simvastatin-treated pups, and airways were less muscularized. Most importantly, simvastatin completely prevented hyperoxia-induced arterial remodeling, in association with partial restoration of VEGFA and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) expression. Simvastatin however decreased survival in pups exposed to normoxia, but not to hyperoxia. Repurposing of simvastatin could be an advantageous therapeutic strategy for bronchopulmonary dysplasia and other developmental lung diseases with pulmonary vascular disease. The increased mortality in the treated normoxia group however limits the translational value at this dose and administration route.
- Published
- 2020
8. Epidemiological cut-off value and antibiotic susceptibility test methods for azithromycin in a collection of multi-country invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella
- Author
-
Bieke Tack, Marie-France Phoba, Phe Thong, Palpouguini Lompo, Charlien Hupko, Stefanie Desmet, Delphine Martiny, Wesley Mattheus, Maria Pardos de la Gandara, Lisette Mbuyi-Kalonji, Laura Kuijpers, Benoit Prevost, Barbara Barbé, Olivier Vandenberg, Octavie Lunguya, Joaquim Ruiz, Jan Jacobs, and Liselotte Hardy
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Agar ,Infectious Diseases ,Salmonella ,Salmonella Infections ,Humans ,General Medicine ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Azithromycin ,Typhoid Fever ,Anti-Bacterial Agents - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Azithromycin is an alternative to treat invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) infections. We determined its epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) and compared azithromycin susceptibility testing methods for iNTS. METHODS: We used EUCAST ECOFFinder to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC; obtained by broth microdilution) ECOFF and corresponding disk zone diameters of 515 iNTS from blood cultures in Democratic Republic of Congo, Burkina Faso, Rwanda, and Cambodia. Transferable resistance mechanisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction. We compared azithromycin susceptibility testing by semi-automated broth microdilution (customized Sensititre panel; reference), agar dilution, gradient tests (bioMérieux, Liofilchem, HiMedia; read at 80% (MIC80%) and 100% inhibition (MIC100%)), and disk diffusion (Rosco, Oxoid, BD, Liofilchem) for 161 wild- and 198 non-wild-type iNTS. RESULTS: Azithromycin MIC ECOFF was 16 mg/L corresponding to a 12 mm zone diameter; mphA was detected in 192/197 non-wild- and 0/47 wild-type iNTS. Categorical agreement was excellent (≥98%) for all methods. Essential agreement was very good for agar dilution (>90%) but moderate for gradient tests (MIC80%: 52% to 71% and MIC100%: 72% to 91%). Repeatability was good for all methods/brands. Interreader agreement was high for broth microdilution and agar dilution (all ≤1 twofold dilution difference) and disk diffusion (>96% ≤3 mm difference) but lower for gradient tests (MIC80% & MIC100%: 83% to 94% ≤1 twofold dilution difference). DISCUSSION: Azithromycin ECOFF of iNTS was 16 mg/L, i.e. equal to Salmonella Typhi. Disk diffusion is an accurate, precise, and user-friendly alternative for agar dilution and broth microdilution. Reading gradient tests at 100% instead of 80% inhibition improved accuracy and precision. ispartof: CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION vol:28 issue:12 pages:1615-1623 ispartof: location:England status: published
- Published
- 2022
9. Antibiotic use from formal and informal healthcare providers in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a population-based study in two health zones
- Author
-
Brecht Ingelbeen, Delphin M. Phanzu, Marie-France Phoba, Mi Y.N. Budiongo, Neamin M. Berhe, Frédéric K. Kamba, Lisette Kalonji, Bijou Mbangi, Liselotte Hardy, Bieke Tack, Justin Im, Leonardo W. Heyerdahl, Raquel Inocencio Da Luz, Marc J.M. Bonten, Octavie Lunguya, Jan Jacobs, Placide Mbala, and Marianne A.B. van der Sande
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Rural Population ,Healthcare utilization ,Antibiotic resistance ,Health Personnel ,Anti-bacterial agents/therapeutic use/Antibiotic use ,Drug Resistance, Microbial ,General Medicine ,Antimicrobial stewardship ,Antimicrobial resistance ,Developing countries ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Infectious Diseases ,Cross-sectional studies ,Democratic Republic of the Congo ,Humans - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: In the Democratic Republic of Congo and other low-resource countries, community-acquired pathogens are increasingly resistant to most locally available antibiotics. To guide efforts to optimize antibiotic use to limit antibiotic resistance, we quantified healthcare provider-specific and community-wide antibiotic use. METHODS: From household surveys, we estimated monthly healthcare visit rates by provider. From healthcare visit exit surveys, we estimated prevalence, defined daily doses, and access/watch/reserve distribution of antibiotic use by provider. Combining both, we estimated community-wide antibiotic use rates. RESULTS: Of 88.7 (95% CI 81.9-95.4) healthcare visits per 1000 person-months (n = 31221), visits to private clinics (31.0, 95% CI 30.0-32.0) and primary health centres (25.5, 95% CI 24.6-26.4) were most frequent. Antibiotics were used during 64.3% (95% CI 55.2-73.5%, 162/224) of visits to private clinics, 51.1% (95% CI 45.1-57.2%, 245/469) to health centres, and 48.8% (95% CI 44.4-53.2%, 344/454) to medicine stores. Antibiotic defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day varied between 1.75 (95% CI 1.02-2.39) in rural Kimpese and 10.2 (95% CI 6.00-15.4) in (peri) urban Kisantu, mostly explained by differences in healthcare utilisation (respectively 27.8 versus 105 visits per 1000 person-months), in particular of private clinics (1.23 versus 38.6 visits) where antibiotic use is more frequent. The fraction of Watch antibiotics was 30.3% (95% CI 24.6-35.9%) in private clinics, 25.6% (95% CI 20.2-31.1%) in medicine stores, and 25.1% (95% CI 19.0-31.2%) in health centres. Treatment durations
- Published
- 2021
10. COVID-19 Antibody Detecting Rapid Diagnostic Tests Show High Cross-Reactivity When Challenged with Pre-Pandemic Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Dengue Samples
- Author
-
Isabel Brosius, Bieke Tack, Fien Vanroye, Marjan Van Esbroeck, Dorien Van den Bossche, and Jan Jacobs
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Medicine (General) ,cross-reactivity ,030106 microbiology ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Schistosomiasis ,medicine.disease_cause ,Cross-reactivity ,Article ,Dengue fever ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,R5-920 ,Antigen ,Pandemic ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Seroprevalence ,030212 general & internal medicine ,biology ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,biology.protein ,Antibody ,business ,Malaria - Abstract
COVID-19 Antibody Detecting Rapid Diagnostic Tests (COVID-19 Ab RDTs) are the preferred tool for SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The present study challenged COVID-19 Ab RDTs with pre-pandemic samples of patients exposed to tropical pathogens. A retrospective study was performed on archived serum (n = 94) and EDTA whole blood (n = 126) samples obtained during 2010–2018 from 196 travelers with malaria (n = 170), schistosomiasis (n = 25) and dengue (n = 25). COVID-19 Ab RDTs were selected based on regulatory approval status, independent evaluation results and detecting antigens. Among 13 COVID-19 Ab RDT products, overall cross-reactivity was 18.5%, cross-reactivity for malaria, schistosomiasis and dengue was 20.3%, 18.1% and 7.5%, respectively. Cross-reactivity for current and recent malaria, malaria antibodies, Plasmodium species and parasite densities was similar. Cross-reactivity among the different RDT products ranged from 2.7% to 48.9% (median value 14.5%). IgM represented 67.9% of cross-reactive test lines. Cross-reactivity was not associated with detecting antigens, patient categories or disease (sub)groups, except for schistosomiasis (two products with ≥60% cross-reactivity). The high cross-reactivity for malaria, schistosomiasis and—to a lesser extent—dengue calls for risk mitigation when using COVID-19 Ab RDTs in co-endemic regions.
- Published
- 2021
11. Incidence of non-typhoidal Salmonella invasive disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
- Author
-
Bieke Tack, Bassiahi Abdramane Soura, Fabio Fiorino, Laura B. Martin, Rocío Canals, Robert S. Onsare, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Stefano Malvolti, Melita A Gordon, John A. Crump, Christian S. Marchello, Elena Pettini, J. Anthony G. Scott, Samuel Kariuki, Brama Hanumunthadu, Jong-Hoon Kim, Jan Jacobs, Carsten Mantel, Gianluca Breghi, Florian Marks, M N Ramasamy, Vittal Mogasale, Donata Medaglini, Tonney Niyrenda, Michael Owusu, Tiziana Spadafina, and Esther Muthumbi
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Asia ,Web of science ,MEDLINE ,Non typhoidal salmonella ,Article ,Age groups ,Salmonella ,Medicine ,Humans ,Child ,Aged ,Non-typhoidal Salmonella ,Invasive disease ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,Meta-analysis ,Systematic review ,Infectious Diseases ,Africa ,Salmonella Infections ,business ,Demography - Abstract
SUMMARY Objectives : We sought to collate and summarize high-quality data on non-typhoidal Salmonella invasive disease (iNTS) incidence to provide contemporary incidence estimates by location and year. Methods : We systematically searched the databases Embase + MEDLINE, Web of Science, and PubMed for articles published on the incidence of iNTS from inception of the database through 8 May 2020 with no language, country, date, or demographic restrictions applied. A meta-analysis was performed to report pooled iNTS incidence as a rate of cases per 100,000 per year. Results : Among 13 studies eligible for analysis, there were 68 estimates of incidence. Overall pooled incidence (95% CI) was 44.8 (31.5-60.5) per 100,000 persons per year. When stratified by region, pooled incidence was significantly higher in Africa than Asia, 51.0 (36.3-68.0) compared to 1.0 (0.2-2.5), respectively. Incidence was consistently higher in children aged
- Published
- 2021
12. Complications and mortality of non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease: a global systematic review and meta-analysis
- Author
-
Christian S Marchello, Megan Birkhold, John A Crump, Laura B. Martin, Michael O. Ansah, Gianluca Breghi, Rocio Canals, Fabio Fiorino, Melita A. Gordon, Jong-Hoon Kim, Mainga Hamaluba, Brama Hanumunthadu, Jan Jacobs, Samuel Kariuki, Stefano Malvolti, Carsten Mantel, Florian Marks, Donata Medaglini, Vittal Mogasale, Chisomo L. Msefula, Esther Muthumbi, Tonney S. Niyrenda, Robert Onsare, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Elena Pettini, Maheshi N. Ramasamy, Bassiahi A. Soura, Tiziana Spadafina, and Bieke Tack
- Subjects
Science & Technology ,ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE ,Asia ,CLINICAL-FEATURES ,INFANTS ,CHILDREN ,NONTYPHOID SALMONELLA ,Europe ,PROGNOSTIC-FACTORS ,Infectious Diseases ,Salmonella ,Africa ,COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED BACTEREMIA ,RISK-FACTORS ,Prevalence ,Humans ,ADULT PATIENTS ,BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Non-typhoidal salmonella can cause serious, life-threatening invasive infections involving the bloodstream and other normally sterile sites. We aimed to systematically review the prevalence of complications and case-fatality ratio (CFR) of non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease to provide contemporary global estimates and inform the development of vaccine and non-vaccine interventions. METHODS: We did a global systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating the complications and mortality associated with non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease. We searched Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and PubMed for peer-reviewed, primary research articles published from database inception up to June 4, 2021, with no restrictions on language, country, date, or participant demographics. Only studies reporting the proportion of complications or deaths associated with non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease, confirmed by culture of samples taken from a normally sterile site (eg, blood or bone marrow) were included. We excluded case reports, case series, policy reports, commentaries, editorials, and conference abstracts. Data on the prevalence of complications and CFR were abstracted. The primary outcomes were to estimate the prevalence of complications and CFR of non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease. We calculated an overall pooled CFR estimate and pooled CFR stratified by UN region, subregion, age group, and by serovar when available with a random-effects meta-analysis. A risk-of-bias assessment was done, and heterogeneity was assessed with Cochran's Q Test, I2, and τ2. This study was done in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, and is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42020202293. FINDINGS: The systematic review returned a total of 8770 records. After duplicates were removed, 5837 titles and abstracts were screened, yielding 84 studies from 35 countries after exclusions. Of these included studies, 77 (91·7%) were hospital-based and 66 (78·6%) were located in Africa or Asia. Among 55 studies reporting non-typhoidal salmonella disease-associated complications, a total of 45 different complications were reported and 1824 complication events were identified among 6974 study participants. The most prevalent complication was septicaemia, occurring in 171 (57·2%) of 299 participants, followed by anaemia in 580 (47·3%) of 1225 participants. From 81 studies reporting the CFR of non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease, the overall pooled CFR estimate was 14·7% (95% CI 12·2-17·3). When stratified by UN region, the pooled CFR was 17·1% (13·6-21·0) in Africa, 14·0% (9·4-19·4) in Asia, 9·9% (6·4-14·0) in Europe, and 9·6% (0·0-25·1) in the Americas. Of all 84 studies, 66 (78·6%) had an overall high risk of bias, 18 (21·4%) had a moderate risk, and none had a low risk. Substantial heterogeneity (I2>80%) was observed in most (15 [65·2%] of 23) CFR estimates. INTERPRETATION: Complications were frequent among individuals with non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease and approximately 15% of patients died. Clinicians, especially in African countries, should be aware of non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease as a cause of severe febrile illness. Prompt diagnoses and management decisions, including empiric antimicrobial therapy, would improve patient outcomes. Additionally, investments in improving clinical microbiology facilities to identify non-typhoidal salmonella and research efforts towards vaccine development and non-vaccine prevention measures would prevent non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease-associated illness and death. FUNDING: EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. ispartof: LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES vol:22 issue:5 pages:692-705 ispartof: location:United States status: published
- Published
- 2021
13. Non-typhoidal Salmonella bloodstream infections in Kisantu, DR Congo: Emergence of O5-negative Salmonella Typhimurium and extensive drug resistance
- Author
-
Liselotte Hardy, Barbara Barbé, Jan Jacobs, Bieke Tack, Stijn Deborggraeve, Dauly Ngbonda, Marie-France Phoba, Marianne A B van der Sande, Octavie Lunguya, Lisette Mbuyi Kalonji, Dadi Falay, Sandra Van Puyvelde, and Brecht Ingelbeen
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Bacterial Diseases ,Male ,Salmonella typhimurium ,Salmonella ,Physiology ,RC955-962 ,Bacteremia ,Drug resistance ,Azithromycin ,medicine.disease_cause ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,0302 clinical medicine ,Antibiotics ,Ciprofloxacin ,Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Medicine ,Child ,Antimicrobials ,Ceftriaxone ,Drugs ,Hematology ,Bacterial Pathogens ,Body Fluids ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Infectious Diseases ,Blood ,Congo ,Medical Microbiology ,Child, Preschool ,Salmonella Infections ,Female ,Pathogens ,Anatomy ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,medicine.drug ,Research Article ,Adult ,Adolescent ,Salmonella enteritidis ,030231 tropical medicine ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Serogroup ,Microbiology ,Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Antibiotic resistance ,Enterobacteriaceae ,Microbial Control ,Humans ,Typhoid Fever ,Microbial Pathogens ,Pharmacology ,Bacteria ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Organisms ,Infant, Newborn ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Infant ,Bloodstream Infections ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,Multiple drug resistance ,030104 developmental biology ,Pharmacologic Analysis ,Antibiotic Resistance ,Human medicine ,Antimicrobial Resistance ,business ,human activities - Abstract
Background Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) are a major cause of bloodstream infection (BSI) in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to assess its longitudinal evolution as cause of BSI, its serotype distribution and its antibiotic resistance pattern in Kisantu, DR Congo. Methods As part of a national surveillance network, blood cultures were sampled in patients with suspected BSI admitted to Kisantu referral hospital from 2015–2017. Blood cultures were worked-up according to international standards. Results were compared to similar data from 2007 onwards. Results In 2015–2017, NTS (n = 896) represented the primary cause of BSI. NTS were isolated from 7.6% of 11,764 suspected and 65.4% of 1371 confirmed BSI. In children, Author summary We reviewed bloodstream infections caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella over a 10 year period (2007–2017) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with Kisantu in the Kongo Central province as the major sampling site. Non-typhoidal Salmonella were the most common cause of bloodstream infections in children in a sentinel network in DR Congo. The disease mainly occurred in young children and had a high mortality. We showed that non-typhoidal Salmonella persisted to frequently cause bloodstream infections in children under 5 years old. Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium were the main serotypes causing non-typhoidal Salmonella bloodstream infections. The emergence of O5-antigen negative Salmonella Typhimurium (i.e. variant Copenhagen) was observed and this needs to be considered when developing vaccines. Multidrug resistance to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol was widespread during the whole decade. From 2013 onwards, resistance to all other available antibiotics, i.e. third generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and azithromycin, emerged. Likewise, extensive drug resistance (multidrug, ceftriaxone and azithromycin co-resistance) and multidrug resistance combined with decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility in Salmonella Typhimurium emerged. Unfortunately, there are no clinical studies on antibiotic treatment in non-typhoidal Salmonella bloodstream infection that could allow the development of evidence based treatment guidelines. Therefore, dedicated observational studies and clinical studies are urgently needed to optimize antibiotic stewardship.
- Published
- 2020
14. A semi-automated method for unbiased alveolar morphometry: Validation in a bronchopulmonary dysplasia model
- Author
-
Jan Deprest, Julio Jimenez, Andre Gie, Bieke Tack, Karel Allegaert, Jaan Toelen, Thomas Salaets, Nikhil Sindhwani, Yannick Regin, Benjamin Pavie, and Pharmacy
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Pulmonology ,Intraclass correlation ,Stereology ,Diagnostic Radiology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Segmentation ,Mathematics ,Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ,Mammals ,Observer Variation ,Multidisciplinary ,Radiology and Imaging ,Histological Techniques ,Software Engineering ,Eukaryota ,Animal Models ,Research Assessment ,Pulmonary Imaging ,Reproducibility ,Lung structure ,Experimental Organism Systems ,Vertebrates ,Leporids ,Medicine ,Engineering and Technology ,Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ,Female ,Rabbits ,Automated method ,Research Article ,Computer and Information Sciences ,Imaging Techniques ,Science ,Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ,Hyperoxia ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Volume density ,Computer Software ,03 medical and health sciences ,Signs and Symptoms ,Diagnostic Medicine ,Linear regression ,Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ,Animals ,Emphysema ,business.industry ,Morphometry ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Pattern recognition ,X-Ray Microtomography ,Fibrosis ,Pulmonary Alveoli ,Disease Models, Animal ,030104 developmental biology ,Pulmonary imaging ,030228 respiratory system ,Amniotes ,Animal Studies ,Artificial intelligence ,Clinical Medicine ,business ,Zoology ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Reproducible and unbiased methods to quantify alveolar structure are important for research on many lung diseases. However, manually estimating alveolar structure through stereology is time consuming and inter-observer variability is high. The objective of this work was to develop and validate a fast, reproducible and accurate (semi-)automatic alternative. A FIJI-macro was designed that automatically segments lung images to binary masks, and counts the number of test points falling on tissue and the number of intersections of the air-tissue interface with a set of test lines. Manual selection remains necessary for the recognition of non-parenchymal tissue and alveolar exudates. Volume density of alveolar septa ([Formula: see text]) and mean linear intercept of the airspaces (Lm) as measured by the macro were compared to theoretical values for 11 artificial test images and to manually counted values for 17 lungs slides using linear regression and Bland-Altman plots. Inter-observer agreement between 3 observers, measuring 8 lungs both manually and automatically, was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). [Formula: see text] and Lm measured by the macro closely approached theoretical values for artificial test images (R2 of 0.9750 and 0.9573 and bias of 0.34% and 8.7%). The macro data in lungs were slightly higher for [Formula: see text] and slightly lower for Lm in comparison to manually counted values (R2 of 0.8262 and 0.8288 and bias of -6.0% and 12.1%). Visually, semi-automatic segmentation was accurate. Most importantly, manually counted [Formula: see text] and Lm had only moderate to good inter-observer agreement (ICC 0.859 and 0.643), but agreements were excellent for semi-automatically counted values (ICC 0.956 and 0.900). This semi-automatic method provides accurate and highly reproducible alveolar morphometry results. Future efforts should focus on refining methods for automatic detection of non-parenchymal tissue or exudates, and for assessment of lung structure on 3D reconstructions of lungs scanned with microCT. ispartof: PLOS ONE vol:15 issue:9 ispartof: location:United States status: published
- Published
- 2020
15. Referee report. For: Estimating the burden of antimicrobial resistance in Malawi: protocol for a prospective observational study of the morbidity, mortality and economic cost of third-generation cephalosporin resistant bloodstream infection [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations]
- Author
-
Bieke Tack and Jacobs, Jan
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Salmonella blood culture surveillance: SOP's ITM v1
- Author
-
Bieke Tack
- Subjects
Salmonella ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,medicine ,Blood culture ,business ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology - Abstract
Standard operating procedures for Salmonella blood culture surveillance of the unit of tropical bacteriology at the Institute of Tropical Medicine in Antwerp (Belgium): - Blood culture work-up - Pathogen identification - Salmonella serotyping - Antibiotic susceptibility testing
- Published
- 2019
17. Simvastatin attenuates lung functional and vascular effects of hyperoxia in preterm rabbits
- Author
-
Thomas, Salaets, Bieke, Tack, Julio, Jimenez, Andre, Gie, Flore, Lesage, Derek, de Winter, Nathalie, Berghen, Karel, Allegaert, Jan, Deprest, and Jaan, Toelen
- Subjects
Random Allocation ,Simvastatin ,Pregnancy ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Animals ,Premature Birth ,Female ,Rabbits ,Hyperoxia ,Survival Analysis ,Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ,Respiratory Function Tests - Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a frequent complication following preterm birth, affecting respiratory health throughout life. Transcriptome analysis in a preterm rabbit model for BPD revealed dysregulation of key genes for inflammation, vascular growth and lung development in animals exposed to hyperoxia, which could be prevented by simvastatin.Preterm rabbits were randomized to either normoxia (21% OSimvastatin partially prevented the effect of hyperoxia on lung function, without altering alveolar structure or inflammation. A trend towards a less fibrotic phenotype was noted in simvastatin-treated pups, and airways were less muscularized. Most importantly, simvastatin completely prevented hyperoxia-induced arterial remodeling, in association with partial restoration of VEGFA and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) expression. Simvastatin however decreased survival in pups exposed to normoxia, but not to hyperoxia.Repurposing of simvastatin could be an advantageous therapeutic strategy for bronchopulmonary dysplasia and other developmental lung diseases with pulmonary vascular disease. The increased mortality in the treated normoxia group however limits the translational value at this dose and administration route.
- Published
- 2019
18. Salmonella Typhi From Blood Cultures in the Democratic Republic of the Congo : A 10-Year Surveillance
- Author
-
Stijn Deborggraeve, Barbara Barbé, Marianne A B van der Sande, Octavie Lunguya, Lisette Mbuyi Kalonji, Marie-France Phoba, Elise Monsieurs, Liselotte Hardy, Bieke Tack, Jan Jacobs, and Sandra Van Puyvelde
- Subjects
Adult ,0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,Time Factors ,Adolescent ,Genotype ,030106 microbiology ,Bacteremia ,Supplement Articles ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Salmonella typhi ,Salmonella Typhi ,Typhoid fever ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Antibiotic resistance ,Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ,medicine ,Journal Article ,Humans ,Blood culture ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,3. Good health ,Infectious Diseases ,Reduced susceptibility ,Blood Culture ,Child, Preschool ,Epidemiological Monitoring ,Democratic Republic of the Congo ,surveillance ,Seasons ,business ,typhoid fever - Abstract
Background This study gives an overview of a decade (2007–2017) of hospital-based Salmonella Typhi bloodstream infection (BSI) surveillance in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), at 4 main sampling sites. Methods Blood cultures were sampled in hospital-admitted patients with suspected BSI, according to standardized clinical indications. The results of the surveillance period 2015–2017 were compiled with those of previous surveillance periods (2007–2010 and 2011–2014). Whole genome sequencing of isolates with decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility (DCS) was performed. Results Salmonella Typhi was isolated in 1.4% (531/37 388) and 10.3% (531/5177) of suspected and culture-confirmed BSI episodes, respectively. Salmonella Typhi ranked first among the BSI pathogens in adults (n = 220), but was mostly (n = 301 [56.7%]) isolated from children, of which 72.1% (217/301) and 31.6% (95/301) were Conclusions Salmonella Typhi was a frequent cause of BSI in adults and children in DRC, with high rates of antibiotic resistance. Sustainable surveillance and implementation of vaccination are compelling.
- Published
- 2019
19. Older age among patients with reported decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility Salmonella Typhi bloodstream infection in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
- Author
-
Ingelbeen, Brecht, Marie-France Phoba, Bieke Tack, Kalonji, Lisette M, Jacobs, Jan, Lunguya, Octavie, and Sande, Marianne A B Van Der
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, a 10 year surveillance
- Author
-
Bieke Tack, Marie-France Phoba, Kalonji, Lisette, Hardy, Liselotte, Barbé, Barbara, Lunguya, Octavie, and Jacobs, Jan
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Emergence of antibiotic co-resistance in invasive salmonellosis: a need for clinical studies, adapted antibiotic treatment guidelines and harmonization of policy documents
- Author
-
Bieke Tack, Puyvelde, Sandra Van, Marie-France Phoba, Ingelbeen, Brecht, Deborggraeve, Stijn, Lunguya, Octavie, and Jacobs, Jan
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Modelling Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Animals: Arguments for the Preterm Rabbit Model
- Author
-
Jaan Toelen, Jan Deprest, Bieke Tack, Thomas Salaets, and Andre Gie
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Translational research ,Disease ,Lung injury ,Bioinformatics ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Intensive care ,mental disorders ,Drug Discovery ,Medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Lung ,Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ,Pharmacology ,Mechanical ventilation ,business.industry ,Vascular disease ,Infant, Newborn ,medicine.disease ,Disease Models, Animal ,030104 developmental biology ,030228 respiratory system ,Bronchopulmonary dysplasia ,Animals, Newborn ,Rabbit model ,Rabbits ,business ,Infant, Premature - Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a frequent and disabling consequence of preterm birth, despite the recent advances in neonatal intensive care. There is a need to further improve outcomes and many novel therapeutic or preventive strategies are therefore investigated in animal models. We discuss in this review the aspects of human BPD pathophysiology and phenotype, which ideally should be mimicked by an animal model for this disease. Prematurity remains the common denominator in the heterogeneous spectrum of human BPD, and preterm animal models thus have a clear translational advantage. Additional factors, like excessive oxygen, mechanical ventilation and infection, which frequently have been studied in animal models, can contribute to preterm lung injury however are not indispensable to develop BPD. The phenotype of human BPD is characterized by alveolar developmental arrest with extracellular matrix remodeling, signs of obstructive airway disease and pulmonary vascular disease. Many animal models mimic this phenotype and have their place in BPD research, but results should be interpreted bearing in mind the specific advantages and disadvantages of the model. Term mice and rats are well suited for basic explorative research on specific disease mechanisms, essential for the generation of new hypotheses, while the larger ventilated preterm baboons and lambs provide a good platform for the ultimate translation of these strategies towards clinical application. The preterm rabbit model seems a promising model as it the smallest model that includes a factor of prematurity and has a unique position between the small and large animal models. ispartof: Current Pharmaceutical Design vol:23 issue:38 pages:5887-5901 ispartof: location:United Arab Emirates status: published
- Published
- 2017
23. Performance of Automated Point-of-Care Respiratory Rate Counting versus Manual Counting in Children under Five Admitted with Severe Febrile Illness to Kisantu Hospital, DR Congo
- Author
-
Thomas Nsema Mbaki, Jan Jacobs, Jaan Toelen, Daniel Vita, Octavie Lunguya, and Bieke Tack
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Medicine (General) ,Respiratory rate ,Low resource ,Point-of-care testing ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Population ,bloodstream infection ,Article ,Danger sign ,R5-920 ,Medicine, General & Internal ,General & Internal Medicine ,WHO Integrated Management of Childhood Illness ,Medicine ,education ,fast breathing ,Point of care ,automated respiratory rate counting ,education.field_of_study ,Science & Technology ,Under-five ,business.industry ,Febrile illness ,handheld pulse oximeter ,low resource setting ,severe malaria ,RELIABILITY ,severe febrile illness ,point-of-care test ,business ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Abstract
To improve the early recognition of danger signs in children with severe febrile illness in low resource settings, WHO promotes automated respiratory rate (RR) counting, but its performance is unknown in this population. Therefore, we prospectively evaluated the field performance of automated point-of-care plethysmography-based RR counting in hospitalized children with severe febrile illness (<, 5 years) in DR Congo. A trained research nurse simultaneously counted the RR manually (comparative method) and automatically with the Masimo Rad G pulse oximeter. Valid paired RR measurements were obtained in 202 (83.1%) children, among whom 43.1% (87/202) had fast breathing according to WHO criteria based on manual counting. Automated counting frequently underestimated the RR (median difference of −1 breath/minute, p2.5–p97.5 limits of agreement: −34–6), particularly at higher RR. This resulted in a failure to detect fast breathing in 24.1% (21/87) of fast breathing children (positive percent agreement: 75.9%), which was not explained by clinical characteristics (p >, 0.05). Children without fast breathing were mostly correctly classified (negative percent agreement: 98.3%). In conclusion, in the present setting the automated RR counter performed insufficiently to facilitate the early recognition of danger signs in children with severe febrile illness, given wide limits of agreement and a too low positive percent agreement.
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.