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The ESA Euclid mission is scheduled to launch on July 1st 2023. This White Paper discusses how Euclid observations of the Galactic Bulge Time Domain Survey (GBTDS) area could dramatically enhance the exoplanet science output of the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (Roman). An early Euclid pre-imaging survey of the Roman GBTDS fields, conducted soon after launch, can improve proper motion determinations for Roman exoplanet microlenses that can yield a factor of up to $\sim 5$ improvement in exoplanet mass measurements. An extended Euclid mission would also enable the possibility of sustained simultaneous observations of the GBTDS by Euclid and Roman that would achieve large gains in several areas of Roman exoplanet science, including science that is impossible to achieve with Roman alone. These include: a comprehensive demographic survey for free-floating planets that includes precision mass measurements to establish the true nature of individual candidates; detection, confirmation and mass measurements of exomoons; direct exoplanet mass measurements through parallax and finite source size effects for a large sample of bound exoplanets detected jointly by Euclid and Roman; enhanced false-positive discrimination for the large samples of transiting planets that Roman will detect. Our main recommendation to NASA and ESA is to initiate a Joint Study Group as early as possible that can examine how both missions could best conduct a coordinated campaign. We also encourage flexibility in the GBTDS scheduling., Comment: 15 pages. Submission to the NASA Roman Core Community Survey White Paper Call

Studying chemistry and chemical composition is fundamental to go back to formation history of planetary systems. We propose here to have another look at five targets to better determine their composition and the chemical mechanisms that take place in their atmospheres. We present a re-analysis of five Hot Jupiters, combining multiple instruments and using Bayesian retrieval methods. We compare different combinations of molecules present in the simulated atmosphere, different chemistry types as well as different clouds parametrization. As a consequence of recent studies questioning the detection of Na and K in the atmosphere of HD 209458b as being potentially contaminated by stellar lines when present, we study the impact on other retrieval parameters of misinterpreting the presence of these alkali species. We use spatially scanned observations from the grisms G102 and G141 of the WFC3 on HST, with a wavelength coverage of $\sim$0.8 to $\sim$1.7 microns. We analyse these data with the publicly available Iraclis pipeline. We added to our datasets STIS observations to increase our wavelength coverage from $\sim$0.4 to $\sim$1.7 microns. We then performed a Bayesian retrieval analysis with the open-source TauREx using a nested sampling algorithm. We explore the influence of including Na and K on the retrieval of the molecules from the atmosphere. Our data re-analysis and Bayesian retrieval are consistent with previous studies but we find small differences in the retrieved parameters. After all, Na and K has no significant impact on the properties of the planet atmospheres. Therefore, we present here our new best-fit models, taking into account molecular abundances varying freely and equilibrium chemistry. This work is a preparation for a future addition of more sophisticated representation of chemistry taking into account disequilibrium effects such as vertical mixing and photochemistry., Comment: 19 pages, 14 figures

Jamais sans doute la pseudonymie n’a été chose plus partagée qu’en ce début de xxie siècle. Jadis, le recours à une autre identité via un autre nom que celui figurant à l’état civil était essentiellement restreint à certaines sphères d’activités spécifiques : ordres religieux, services secrets, pratiques artistiques… De nos jours, en revanche, à la faveur du développement d’internet en particulier, la pratique qui consiste à user d’un autre nom que le sien semble devenue monnaie courante et le pseudo se situe désormais au cœur de certaines des pratiques qui façonnent notre relation à l’écrit et à sa diffusion publique. Qu’en est-il des écrivains en ce qui concerne leurs recours à ce geste d’écriture auquel ils ont conféré son degré de sophistication le plus prononcé ? Réunissant des études portant sur la littérature française du xviiesiècle à nos jours, cet ouvrage a pour objectif de faire apparaître les principaux enjeux de la pratique pseudonymique tout en montrant la complexité et la diversité de ses usages, formes et fonctions au fil des siècles.

The ground segment for the ESA M4 Ariel exoplanet space mission is introduced. The ground segment encompasses the framework necessary to support the development of the Ariel mission to launch, in-flight operations and calibration, data processing pipeline and data handling, including user support. The structure of the ground segment and assumed responsibilities between ESA and the Ariel mission consortium is explained, along with their interfaces. The operational phases for the mission are introduced, including the early commissioning/verification phases, the science operations and the calibration strategy. The smooth transition of the ground segment through the various pre/post launch mission phases to nominal operations will be paramount in guaranteeing the success, scientific return and impact of the Ariel mission. The expected science data products are defined and a representative data processing pipeline is presented., We acknowledge the support of the Ariel ASI-INAF agreement n. 2018-22-HH.0. S.S. and A.P. were supported by United Kingdom Space Agency (UKSA) grant: ST/S002456/1.

Exoplanets with size between the Earth and Neptune (1-4R⊕) do not have any equivalent in our Solar System and remain challenging to characterize. Yet, there are ubiquitous in the Galaxy and their distribution -number of planets per star vs radius- is bimodal highlighting a gap in the number of planets around 1.7R⊕, also known as the radius valley. Planets with a radius below 1.7R⊕ are thought to be rocky planets, and called Super-Earth, above this limit planets are most likely made of gas and called Sub-Neptune. We made use of the available data from the Hubble Space Telescope in Near-Infrared -using the Wide Field Camera 3 Grism 141- and gathered 25 transmission spectra of planets with size below 6 R⊕ to study the transition between rocky and gaseous planets. We retrieved each spectrum homogeneously with an atmospheric Bayesian code, TauREx 3.0. While it is still difficult to differentiate between a primary cloudy and a secondary atmosphere, we proved that a primary clear atmosphere dominated by hydrogen and helium is rejected with high confidence for a large majority of planets in the sample. The detectability of intermediate-size planets in the Near infrared is linked to the amplitude of the water feature around 1.4 microns and, thus, we build a new metric to assess the size of this absorption. Using this metric, we studied the cloudiness of warm Sub-Neptune and compared observational values to simulated ones. We explored the correlation between the 1.4 micron's feature amplitude and the temperature by constructing a grid in irradiation, metallicity and cloudiness using Exo-REM, a self-consistent radiative, convective model. We showed that photochemical hazes created by the photodissociation of methane in the high atmosphere of warm Sub-Neptune are likely required to explain the observations of flat transmission spectra in the Near infrared.

International audience; The ESA/Ariel mission will address some fundamental questions on the composition and formation of exoplanets, in the frame of the ESA Cosmic Vision Program. Ariel is to be launched in 2029. It will use the technique of transit spectroscopy in the near-infrared (1.1-7.8 μm), observing host stars during planetary transit or eclipses, obtained on around one thousand transiting planets. It will provide an extensive statistical study on planets from Earth-size to gas giants around a range of host star types, in complement to James Webb Space Telescope and ground-based observatories observations. The unique performances of Ariel are to record simultaneously the whole wavelength range from about 1 to 8 μm, to record up to ∼1000 targets for statistical purpose and to study in parallel host star activity with planetary spectra thanks to its visible channel concurrent observations. The international consortium, led by G. Tinetti (UK), will procure to ESA the instrument and subsystems, including the telescope and the spectrometers. The Ariel satellite will consist in a telescope (elliptical mirror 1100 mm x 730 mm size) with radiatively cooled optics below 60K. The telescope feeds two separate instruments :The FGS (Fine Guide Sensor), providing three photometric channels (0.5-0.6 micron ; 0.8-1.1 micron and 1.10-1.95 μm, the latter with coarse spectral resolution R ≥ 15)The AIRS (Ariel Infra-Red Spectrometer) is a two channels grating spectrometer (1.95-3.9 μm with R ≥ 100 and 3.9-7.9 μm with R ≥ 30)The exoplanet spectra are retrieved from transit and/or eclipse observations on the target with data processing including calibration of photometric/spectral science spectra, with timely public release of data to maximize science return of Ariel. Within the consortium, the French participation (co-PIs JP Beaulieu \& PO Lagage) is supported by CNES and will be in charge principally of : - 1. AIRS (Ariel infrared spectrometer) instrument o optical module (including detectors & Cold Front End Electronics) and cryoharnesses including with full calibration at detector and instrument level o AIRS instrument detector control unit t with acceptance by the AMC systems team - 2 Contribution to management and systems engineering o for the Instrument Operations and Science Data Centre (IOSDC); o contribute to algorithm, software definition, and data processing of the SGS and to the observations and scheduling. A description of the AIRS instrument is given in a companion paper(Amiaux et al. this session). In preparation of the Ariel future observations, science schools are annually organized for the training of new PhD students or post-doctoral. The first French Ariel school in 2019 has already been followed by the publication of 4 papers (ARESI, II, III, IV) ReferencesAriel Definition Study Report ESA-SCI (2020) in press.Tinetti, Giovanna, Drossart, Pierre; Eccleston, Paul et al., A chemical survey of exoplanets with ARIEL. 2018ExA, 46, 135TPuig, Ludovic, Pilbratt, Göran, et al. The Phase A study of the ESA M4 mission candidate ARIEL. 2018ExA, 46,211PEncrenaz, Thérèse, Tinetti, G., Coustenis, A. Transit spectroscopy of temperate Jupiters with ARIEL: a feasibility study. 2018ExA, 46, 31EEdwards, Billy, Changeat, Quentin, et al. ARES I: WASP-76 b, A Tale of Two HST Spectra 2020AJ, 160, 8ESkaf, Nour, Bieger, Michelle Fabienne, et al. ARES II. Characterizing the Hot Jupiters WASP-127 b, WASP-79 b, and WASP-62b with the Hubble Space Telescope 2020AJ, 160, 109SPluriel, William; Whiteford, Niall, et al. ARES III. Unveiling the Two Faces of KELT-7 b with HST WFC3 2020AJ, 160, 112PGloria Guilluy, Amelie Gressier, et al. ARES IV: Probing the Atmospheres of the Two Warm Small Planets HD 106315 C and HD 3167 C with HST/WFC3 CAMERA. Submitted to AJ.

International audience; Microlensing is probing the unique population of cold planets down to Earth mass orbiting around any kind of star, at any distance towards the galactic center. Relative physical parameters are known to good precision from the modelling of the light curves, but it is necessary to combine the result of light curve modeling with lens mass-distance relations from additional observations and/or perform a Bayesian analysis with a galactic model. Often, physical parameters are determined to 30-50 %. Recently, two kinds of constraints on masses have been extensively used, coming from ground-space parallax Spitzer observations and high angular resolution observations with adaptive optics or HST. Our team has shown that we can derive physical parameters on known systems to 10 % or better with mass-distance relations obtained from high angular resolution observations, either by detecting the lens flux and/or resolving source and lens and measuring the amplitude and direction of their relative proper motion. This work is also a pathfinder of the mass measurement method to be applied to WFIRST and Euclid microlensing programs. We will report the results from our large observing program with KECK and HST over 40+ planetary systems. We revised the stellar and planetary masses and distances for these systems, and often found significant differences, even despite the initial large error bars. We also show some tensions with the constraint from ground-space parallax Spitzer data, where Spitzer lightcurves photometry seems to be plagued by under estimated systematics for the faint targets in very crowded field. We will discuss the impact of our analysis on the cold planet mass function. With our revised distances, we found that the systems we re-visited so far tend to be located in the Sagittarius or Scuttum-Crux arms, or at the tip of the bar.

International audience; We present the analysis of high-resolution images of MOA-2013-BLG-220, taken with the Keck adaptive optics system 6 years after the initial observation, and identify the lens as a solar type star hosting a super-Jupiter mass planet. The masses of planets and host stars discovered by microlensing are often not determined from the light curve data, while the star-planet mass ratio and projected separation in units of Einstein ring radius are well measured. High resolution follow-up observations after the lensing event is complete, can resolve the source and lens, as well as measure their fluxes, amplitude and direction of relative proper motion, giving us strong constraints on the observed system parameters. Due to the high relative proper motion of this event, $\mu_{rel,G} = 12.6 \pm 0.3$ mas/yr, we were able to resolve the source and lens with a separation of $77.6 \pm 0.4$ mas. As a consequence we constrain the lens NIR flux to $K_L = 17.92\pm 0.05$. By combining constraints from the initial model and the AO flux, we find the lens star to have a mass of $M_L = 0.89 \pm 0.05\ \rm M_\odot$ located at $D_L = 6.96 \pm 0.60$ kpc. With a mass ratio of $q = (3.26 \pm 0.04) \times 10^{-3}$ from reanalysis of the light-curve, the planet is found to have a mass of $M_P = 3.06 \pm 0.18\ M_{J}$ and a separation of $r_\perp = 2.46 \pm 0.23$ AU. This mass is much higher than the prediction of a Bayesian analysis that assumes that all stars have an equal probability to host a planet of the measured mass ratio, and it suggests that planets with a mass ratio of a few $\times 10^{-3}$ are more common orbiting massive stars. This demonstrates the importance of high angular resolution follow-up observations.

International audience; We present the analysis of the hot-Jupiter KELT-7 b using transmission and emission spectroscopy from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), both taken with the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3). Our study uncovers a rich transmission spectrum which is consistent with a cloud-free atmosphere and suggests the presence of H2O and H-. In contrast, the extracted emission spectrum does not contain strong absorption features and, although it is not consistent with a simple blackbody, it can be explained by a varying temperature-pressure profile, collision induced absorption (CIA) and H-. KELT-7b had also been studied with other space-based instruments and we explore the effects of introducing these additional datasets. Further observations with Hubble, or the next generation of space-based telescopes, are needed to allow for the optical opacity source in transmission to be confirmed and for molecular features to be disentangled in emission.

This paper presents the atmospheric characterisation of three large, gaseous planets: WASP-127b, WASP-79b and WASP-62b. We analysed spectroscopic data obtained with the G141 grism (1.088 - 1.68 $\mu$m) of the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) onboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) using the Iraclis pipeline and the TauREx3 retrieval code, both of which are publicly available. For WASP-127 b, which is the least dense planet discovered so far and is located in the short-period Neptune desert, our retrieval results found strong water absorption corresponding to an abundance of log(H$_2$O) = -2.71$^{+0.78}_{-1.05}$, and absorption compatible with an iron hydride abundance of log(FeH)=$-5.25^{+0.88}_{-1.10}$, with an extended cloudy atmosphere. We also detected water vapour in the atmospheres of WASP-79 b and WASP-62 b, with best-fit models indicating the presence of iron hydride, too. We used the Atmospheric Detectability Index (ADI) as well as Bayesian log evidence to quantify the strength of the detection and compared our results to the hot Jupiter population study by Tsiaras et al. 2018. While all the planets studied here are suitable targets for characterisation with upcoming facilities such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and Ariel, WASP-127 b is of particular interest due to its low density, and a thorough atmospheric study would develop our understanding of planet formation and migration., Comment: Accepted for publication in AJ

Dans une cinquantaine d’écrits pamphlétaires publiés entre 1604 et 1632, Maître Guillaume, bouffon d’Henri IV, se voit attribuer un commentaire politique dans un registre léger, où fadaises et billevesées jouent un rôle central. Cette étude se penche sur les effets rhétoriques qui, dans plusieurs de ces textes, résultent de la posture d’énonciation de Guillaume – celle d’un « fol » expert en boniments –, en se demandant comment ces discours fantaisistes cherchent à infléchir l’opinion publique., In approximately fifty pamphlets published between 1604 and 1632, Maître Guillaume, Henri IV’s jester, is the attributed author of political commentary in a light register, where twaddle and farfetched and nonsensical ideas play a central role. This study looks at the rhetorical effects that, in many of these texts, result from the standpoint from which Guillaume’s utterances are delivered - that of a “crazy” expert at pitching ideas - asking how this fanciful discourse seek to impact public opinion.

Thousands of exoplanets have now been discovered with a huge range of masses, sizes and orbits: from rocky Earth-like planets to large gas giants grazing the surface of their host star. However, the essential nature of these exoplanets remains largely mysterious: there is no known, discernible pattern linking the presence, size, or orbital parameters of a planet to the nature of its parent star. We have little idea whether the chemistry of a planet is linked to its formation environment, or whether the type of host star drives the physics and chemistry of the planet’s birth, and evolution. The Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey (ARIEL) has been selected by the European Space Agency as the next mediumclass science mission, M4, to address these scientific questions. ARIEL was conceived to observe a large number (~1000) of transiting planets for statistical understanding, including gas giants, Neptunes, super-Earths and Earth-size planets around a range of host star types using transit spectroscopy in the 1.25-7.8 μm spectral range and multiple narrow-band photometry in the optical. ARIEL will focus on warm and hot planets to take advantage of their well-mixed atmospheres which should show minimal condensation and sequestration of high-Z materials compared to their colder Solar System siblings. Said warm and hot atmospheres are expected to be more representative of the planetary bulk composition. Observations of these warm/hot exoplanets, and in particular of their elemental composition (especially C, O, N, S, Si), will allow the understanding of the early stages of planetary and atmospheric formation during the nebular phase and the following few million years. ARIEL will thus provide a representative picture of the chemical nature of the exoplanets and relate this directly to the type and chemical environment of the host star. ARIEL is designed as a dedicated survey mission for combined-light spectroscopy, capable of observing a large and well-defined planet sample within its 4-year mission lifetime. Transit, eclipse and phase-curve spectroscopy methods, whereby the signal from the star and planet are differentiated using knowledge of the planetary ephemerides, allow us to measure atmospheric signals from the planet at levels of 10-100 part per million (ppm) relative to the star and, given the bright nature of targets, also allows more sophisticated techniques, such as eclipse mapping, to give a deeper insight into the nature of the atmosphere. These types of observations require a stable payload and satellite platform with broad, instantaneous wavelength coverage to detect many molecular species, probe the thermal structure, identify clouds and monitor the stellar activity. The wavelength range proposed covers all the expected major atmospheric gases from e.g. H2O, CO2, CH4 NH3, HCN, H2S through to the more exotic metallic compounds, such as TiO, VO, and condensed species. Simulations of ARIEL performance in conducting exoplanet surveys have been performed – using conservative estimates of mission performance and a full model of all significant noise sources in the measurement – using a list of potential ARIEL targets that incorporates the latest available exoplanet statistics. The conclusion at the end of the Phase A study, is that ARIEL – in line with the stated mission objectives – will be able to observe about 1000 exoplanets depending on the details of the adopted survey strategy, thus confirming the feasibility of the main science objectives.

The Atmospheric Remote-Sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey, ARIEL, has been selected to be the next M4 space mission in the ESA Cosmic Vision programme. From launch in 2028, and during the following 4 years of operation, ARIEL will perform precise spectroscopy of the atmospheres of about 1000 known transiting exoplanets using its metre-class telescope, a three-band photometer and three spectrometers that will cover the 0.5 μm to 7.8 μm region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The payload is designed to perform primary and secondary transit spectroscopy, and to measure spectrally resolved phase curves with a stability of < 100 ppm (goal 10 ppm). Observing from an L2 orbit, ARIEL will provide the first statistically significant spectroscopic survey of hot and warm planets. These are an ideal laboratory in which to study the chemistry, the formation and the evolution processes of exoplanets, to constrain the thermodynamics, composition and structure of their atmospheres, and to investigate the properties of the clouds.

Parler de lecture revient le plus souvent à évoquer l’activité cognitive par laquelle l’individu se familiarise avec l’écriture d’autrui. La lecture désigne alors un processus d’assimilation qui permet de passer de l’exogène à l’endogène, de l’ailleurs à l’ici, par une mise en rapport d’autrui et de soi. Dans cette perspective, toute lecture devient en quelque sorte le microcosme d’une translatio studii, en tant que fragment d’une démarche d’appropriation du savoir. On peut toutefois envisage...

La lecture et le lectorat ont fait, depuis une vingtaine d’années, l’objet de nombreuses études, qui ont mis en évidence des disparités importantes entre un lectorat masculin et féminin. La lecture est un lieu socialement construit de la différence des sexes. Se manifeste, dès le XIVe siècle, un processus de sécularisation dans les pratiques de lecture à mettre en relation avec un phénomène de désacralisation du livre. La lecture au féminin est l’enjeu de débats moraux où s’y affirme sa dangerosité. Dans le même temps apparaissent des prises de position en faveur du contrôle des lectures féminines qui s’inscrivent dans une conception du partage des pouvoirs de l’écrit en corrélation avec un partage hiérarchique des savoirs. Parce qu’elle est transgression, séduction, perversion, la lecture et la lectrice se déploient en un imaginaire dont la littérature s’est emparée pour en proposer des représentations multiples et protéiformes. Territoires de l’historien et espaces littéraires ont été dans cet ouvrage confrontés en une approche transséculaire, transdisciplinaire, à partir de l’étude de documents multiples, bibliothèques, correspondances, manuels, iconographie et de textes littéraires. Il constitue une contribution importante à la construction d’une histoire sociale et culturelle de la lecture féminine. Il propose un bilan des savoirs de ces dernières décennies et de nouveaux jalons pour les études à venir.

International audience; The Exoplanet Characterisation Observatory, EChO, is a dedicated space mission to investigate the physics and chemistry of Exoplanet atmospheres. Using the differential spectroscopy by transit method, it will provide simultaneously a complete spectrum in a wide wavelength range between 0.4mum and 16mum of the atmosphere of exoplanets. It has been selected by ESA in its M3 Cosmic Vision program for a phase A study. The payload is subdivided into 6 channels. The mid-infrared channel covers the spectral range between 5mum and 11mum. In order to optimize the instrument response and the science objectives, the bandpass is split in two using an internal dichroic. We present the opto-mechanical concept of the MWIR channel and the on-going detector development that drives the thermal and mechanical designs of the channel. The estimated end-to-end performance will also be presented.

International audience

International audience; The science of extra-solar planets is one of the most rapidly changing areas of astrophysics and since 1995 the number of planets known has increased by almost two orders of magnitude. A combination of ground-based surveys and dedicated space missions has resulted in 560-plus planets being detected, and over 1200 that await confirmation. NASA's Kepler mission has opened up the possibility of discovering Earth-like planets in the habitable zone around some of the 100,000 stars it is surveying during its 3 to 4-year lifetime. The new ESA's Gaia mission is expected to discover thousands of new planets around stars within 200 parsecs of the Sun. The key challenge now is moving on from discovery, important though that remains, to characterisation: what are these planets actually like, and why are they as they are? In the past ten years, we have learned how to obtain the first spectra of exoplanets using transit transmission and emission spectroscopy. With the high stability of Spitzer, Hubble, and large ground-based telescopes the spectra of bright close-in massive planets can be obtained and species like water vapour, methane, carbon monoxide and dioxide have been detected. With transit science came the first tangible remote sensing of these planetary bodies and so one can start to extrapolate from what has been learnt from Solar System probes to what one might plan to learn about their faraway siblings. As we learn more about the atmospheres, surfaces and near-surfaces of these remote bodies, we will begin to build up a clearer picture of their construction, history and suitability for life. The Exoplanet Characterisation Observatory, EChO, will be the first dedicated mission to investigate the physics and chemistry of Exoplanetary Atmospheres. By characterising spectroscopically more bodies in different environments we will take detailed planetology out of the Solar System and into the Galaxy as a whole. EChO has now been selected by the European Space Agency to be assessed as one of four M3 mission candidates.

International audience; The science of extra-solar planets is one of the most rapidly changing areas of astrophysics and since 1995 the number of planets known has increased by almost two orders of magnitude. A combination of ground-based surveys and dedicated space missions has resulted in 560-plus planets being detected, and over 1200 that await confirmation. NASA's Kepler mission has opened up the possibility of discovering Earth-like planets in the habitable zone around some of the 100,000 stars it is surveying during its 3 to 4-year lifetime. The new ESA's Gaia mission is expected to discover thousands of new planets around stars within 200 parsecs of the Sun. The key challenge now is moving on from discovery, important though that remains, to characterisation: what are these planets actually like, and why are they as they are? In the past ten years, we have learned how to obtain the first spectra of exoplanets using transit transmission and emission spectroscopy. With the high stability of Spitzer, Hubble, and large ground-based telescopes the spectra of bright close-in massive planets can be obtained and species like water vapour, methane, carbon monoxide and dioxide have been detected. With transit science came the first tangible remote sensing of these planetary bodies and so one can start to extrapolate from what has been learnt from Solar System probes to what one might plan to learn about their faraway siblings. As we learn more about the atmospheres, surfaces and near-surfaces of these remote bodies, we will begin to build up a clearer picture of their construction, history and suitability for life. The Exoplanet Characterisation Observatory, EChO, will be the first dedicated mission to investigate the physics and chemistry of Exoplanetary Atmospheres. By characterising spectroscopically more bodies in different environments we will take detailed planetology out of the Solar System and into the Galaxy as a whole. EChO has now been selected by the European Space Agency to be assessed as one of four M3 mission candidates.

We investigate constraints on additional planets orbiting the distant M-dwarf star OGLE-2005-BLG-390L, around which photometric microlensing data has revealed the existence of the sub-Neptune-mass planet OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb. We specifically aim to study potential Jovian companions and compare our findings with predictions from core-accretion and disc-instability models of planet formation. We also obtain an estimate of the detection probability for sub-Neptune mass planets similar to OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb using a simplified simulation of a microlensing experiment. We compute the efficiency of our photometric data for detecting additional planets around OGLE-2005-BLG-390L, as a function of the microlensing model parameters and convert it into a function of the orbital axis and planet mass by means of an adopted model of the Milky Way. We find that more than 50 % of potential planets with a mass in excess of 1 M_J between 1.1 and 2.3 AU around OGLE-2005-BLG-390L would have revealed their existence, whereas for gas giants above 3 M_J in orbits between 1.5 and 2.2 AU, the detection efficiency reaches 70 % ; however, no such companion was observed. Our photometric microlensing data therefore do not contradict the existence of gas giant planets at any separation orbiting OGLE-2005-BLG-390L. Furthermore we find a detection probability for an OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb-like planet of around 2-5 %. In agreement with current planet formation theories, this quantitatively supports the prediction that sub-Neptune mass planets are common around low-mass stars.

In order to obtain a census of planets with masses in the range of Earth to Jupiter, eight telescopes are being used by the combined microlensing campaign of the PLANET and RoboNet collaborations for high-cadence photometric round-the-clock follow-up of ongoing events, alerted by the OGLE and MOA surveys. In 2005 we detected a planet of 5.5 Earth masses at 2.6 AU from its parent 0.22 MA M star. This object is the first member of a new class of cold telluric planets. Its detection confirms the power of this method and, given our detection efficiency, suggests that these recently-detected planets may be quite common around M stars, as confirmed by subsequent detection of a ~ 13 Earth-mass planet. Using a network of dedicated 1 2-m-class telescopes, we have entered a new phase of planet discovery, and will be able to provide constraints on the abundance of frozen Super-Earths in the near future.

We discuss high-resolution, time-resolved spectra of the caustic exit of the binary microlensing event OGLE 2002-BLG-069 obtained with UVES on the VLT. The source star is a G5III giant in the Galactic Bulge. During such events, the source star is highly magnified, and a strong differential magnification around the caustic resolves its surface. Using an appropriate model stellar atmosphere generated by the PHOENIX v2.6 code we obtain a model light curve for the caustic exit and compare it with a dense set of photometric observations obtained by the PLANET microlensing follow up network. We further compare predicted variations in the Halpha equivalent width with those measured from our spectra. While the model and observations agree in the gross features, there are discrepancies suggesting shortcomings in the model, particularly for the Halpha line core, where we have detected amplified emission from the stellar chromosphere after the source star's trailing limb exited the caustic. This achievement became possible by the provision of the very efficient OGLE-III Early Warning System, a network of small telescopes capable of nearly-continuous round-the-clock photometric monitoring, on-line data reduction, daily near-real-time modelling in order to predict caustic crossing parameters, and a fast and efficient response of a 8 m class telescope to a "Target-of-Opportunity" observation request

Due to their extremely small luminosity compared to the stars they orbit, planets outside our own Solar System are extraordinarily difficult to detect directly in optical light. Careful photometric monitoring of distant stars, however, can reveal the presence of exoplanets via the microlensing or eclipsing effects they induce. The international PLANET collaboration is performing such monitoring using a cadre of semi-dedicated telescopes around the world. Their results constrain the number of gas giants orbiting 1-7 AU from the most typical stars in the Galaxy. Upgrades in the program are opening regions of ''exoplanet discovery space'' - toward smaller masses and larger orbital radii - that are inaccessible to the Doppler velocity technique.

Thousands of exoplanets have now been discovered with a huge range of masses, sizes and orbits: from rocky Earth-like planets to large gas giants grazing the surface of their host star. However, the essential nature of these exoplanets remains largely mysterious: there is no known, discernible pattern linking the presence, size, or orbital parameters of a planet to the nature of its parent star. We have little idea whether the chemistry of a planet is linked to its formation environment, or whether the type of host star drives the physics and chemistry of the planet’s birth, and evolution. ARIEL was conceived to observe a large number (~1000) of transiting planets for statistical understanding, including gas giants, Neptunes, super-Earths and Earth-size planets around a range of host star types using transit spectroscopy in the 1.25–7.8 μm spectral range and multiple narrow-band photometry in the optical. ARIEL will focus on warm and hot planets to take advantage of their well-mixed atmospheres which should show minimal condensation and sequestration of high-Z materials compared to their colder Solar System siblings. Said warm and hot atmospheres are expected to be more representative of the planetary bulk composition. Observations of these warm/hot exoplanets, and in particular of their elemental composition (especially C, O, N, S, Si), will allow the understanding of the early stages of planetary and atmospheric formation during the nebular phase and the following few million years. ARIEL will thus provide a representative picture of the chemical nature of the exoplanets and relate this directly to the type and chemical environment of the host star. ARIEL is designed as a dedicated survey mission for combined-light spectroscopy, capable of observing a large and well-defined planet sample within its 4-year mission lifetime. Transit, eclipse and phase-curve spectroscopy methods, whereby the signal from the star and planet are differentiated using knowledge of the planetary ephemerides, allow us to measure atmospheric signals from the planet at levels of 10–100 part per million (ppm) relative to the star and, given the bright nature of targets, also allows more sophisticated techniques, such as eclipse mapping, to give a deeper insight into the nature of the atmosphere. These types of observations require a stable payload and satellite platform with broad, instantaneous wavelength coverage to detect many molecular species, probe the thermal structure, identify clouds and monitor the stellar activity. The wavelength range proposed covers all the expected major atmospheric gases from e.g. H₂O, CO₂, CH₄ NH₃, HCN, H₂S through to the more exotic metallic compounds, such as TiO, VO, and condensed species. Simulations of ARIEL performance in conducting exoplanet surveys have been performed – using conservative estimates of mission performance and a full model of all significant noise sources in the measurement – using a list of potential ARIEL targets that incorporates the latest available exoplanet statistics. The conclusion at the end of the Phase A study, is that ARIEL – in line with the stated mission objectives – will be able to observe about 1000 exoplanets depending on the details of the adopted survey strategy, thus confirming the feasibility of the main science objectives.

La transfictionnalité, concept proche de celui de transtextualité, est définie par Richard Saint-Gelais comme « le phénomène par lequel au moins deux textes, du même auteur ou non, se rapportent conjointement à une même fiction, que ce soit par reprise de personnages, prolongement d’une intrigue préalable ou partage d’univers fictionnel ». Ce mémoire de recherche-création étudie l’usage qu’Alan Moore et Kevin O’Neill font de la transfictionnalité dans leur bande dessinée The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (1999-2019), et plus spécifiquement leur recyclage du matériel narratif du XIXe siècle britannique, marqué par la Révolution industrielle et les politiques impérialistes du règne de la reine Victoria. Il s’agit de mieux comprendre comment les personnages de la littérature de l’époque victorienne sont réappropriés par les auteurs, transformés et recontextualisés de manière à critiquer la culture et la société qui les a d’abord générés. Fiction Party est quant à lui un récit transfictif et autofictif dans lequel Francis, le personnage principal, est invité par erreur à une soirée donnée en l’honneur de la fiction au château de Dracula. Il y fait la rencontre d’innombrables personnages des littératures de tous les pays et de toutes les époques, parmi lesquels Antigone, Meursault, Emma Bovary, Don Quichotte, ou encore le shérif de Nottingham. Au cours de la fête, cependant, un meurtre est commis, et ces grandes figures littéraires doivent alors résoudre le mystère et identifier l’assassin, dans un hommage aux récits d’enquêtes d’Arthur Conan Doyle et Agatha Christie., Transfictionnality, a concept close to that of transtextuality, is defined by Richard Saint Gelais as "the phenomenon by which at least two texts, from the same author or not, relate jointly to the same fiction, whether by resumption of characters, extension of a previous plot or sharing a fictional universe". This Master’s thesis in research-creation examines Alan Moore's and Kevin O'Neill's use of transfictionnality in their graphic novel The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (1999-2019), and more specifically their recycling of narrative material from nineteenth century Great Britain, which is marked by the Industrial Revolution and the imperialist policies of the reign of Queen Victoria. Our aim is to better understand how the characters of literature of the Victorian era are appropriated by the authors, transformed and recontextualized so as to criticize the culture and the society that first generated them. Fiction Party is a transfictive and autofictional narrative in which Francis, the main character, is mistakenly invited to a party in honor of fiction at Dracula's Castle. He meets countless literary characters from every country and every epoch, including Antigone, Meursault, Emma Bovary, Don Quixote, and the sheriff of Nottingham. During the festivities, however, a murder is committed, and these great literary characters must then solve the mystery and identify the culprit, in a tribute to the detective fiction of Arthur Conan Doyle and Agatha Christie., Mémoire en recherche-création / Creative dissertation

著者人数: 61名 (所属. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS): 鈴木, 大介), Number of authors: 61 (Affiliation. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)(ISAS): Suzuki, Daisuke), Accepted: 2019-09-25, 資料番号: SA1190156000

Le présent mémoire vise à explorer les enjeux liés au traitement de la mémoire dans la bande dessinée autobiographique L’Arabe du futur de Riad Sattouf, en s’intéressant au processus de remémoration qui, dans un jeu de rapprochement et d’éloignement, fait se croiser le regard de l’enfant, porté par l’image, et la perspective de l’adulte, qui relève essentiellement de la narration. Nous étudions cette dynamique à la lumière de la réalité interculturelle de l’auteur, de père syrien et de mère française ; en effet, l’ouvrage relate le façonnement identitaire d’un enfant qui, parti de France, se trouve plongé dans la culture du Moyen-Orient. Le récit autobiographique établit ainsi, par la remémoration, un dialogue entre, d’un côté, le temps et le lieu de l’écriture de l’adulte (aujourd’hui, en France) et, de l’autre, celui de l’expérience de l’enfant (les années 1980, au Moyen-Orient). Notre étude vise à comprendre la nature des rapports qui s’établissent, dans les trois tomes parus de L’Arabe du futur, entre sujet narrant adulte et sujet narré enfant. Dans un premier temps, nous nous intéresserons à la posture de l’enfant dans L’Arabe du futur, de manière à comprendre les implications de certains motifs que l’auteur associe à l’enfance, notamment l’objet vestige du passé et l’évocation sensorielle. Dans un deuxième temps, il faudra se pencher plus spécifiquement sur la perspective adulte et la manière dont celle-ci se distancie parfois du regard de l’enfant par des commentaires critiques et des écarts de temps, mais aussi par une utilisation des codes humoristiques pour représenter la violence, aspect qui relève davantage de la vision de l’adulte. Les interventions du narrateur se positionnent ainsi souvent de manière plus objective que le regard candide de l’enfant. Cependant, par-delà les écarts entre les perspectives, il faut signaler la présence d’aspects qui rapprochent ces dernières et qui mettent en lumière une certaine tension des cultures représentées au sein de la bande dessinée, notamment dans la relation des parents, mais aussi chez le personnage de Riad qui doit composer avec le fait d’être différent aussi bien en Syrie qu’en France., This thesis aims to explore issues pertaining to the memory process in Riad Sattouf’s autobiographical graphic work The Arab of the Future by focusing on the process of recollection. This approach is characterized by a reciprocation of remoteness and proximity between the view of the child, which is carried by the image, and the perspective of the adult, which is essentially carried by the narration. We study this dynamic in light of the intercultural reality of the author who has a Syrian father and a French mother. Accordingly, the book showcases the cultural identity of a child who left France and was immersed in the culture of the Middle East. By using the recollection process, the autobiography establishes a dialogue between the author’s current writing time and place (today, in France) and his childhood experience (in the eighties, in the Middle East). Our study’s aim is to understand the nature of the relations that are established between narrating subject (the adult) and narrated subject (the child) in the first three volumes of The Arab of the future. We start by studying the child's posture in The Arab of the Future in order to understand the implications of certain recurring aspect that the author associates with childhood (like the artefact or the vivid sensory evocation). Then, we will adress the adult perspective and observe how it sometimes distances itself from the candid child's gaze by using critical comments and time gaps. We will also analyze the use of comedic codes to portray violence, which is most attributable to the adult's vision. The narrator's interventions are therefore often positioned more objectively than the candid child’s view. However, beyond the gaps of the perspectives, we must point out the presence of aspects that bring them closer which at the same time highlight the cultural tension in the comic book especially considering the relationship between the parents. This cultural tension also exists in the character of Riad who has to deal with being different both in Syria and in France.

Ce mémoire se penche sur la réécriture des derniers chants de l’Odyssée que propose Jean Harambat dans Ulysse, les chants du retour, publié chez Actes Sud en 2014. Cette bande dessinée se distingue par son inclusion de métarécits au sein même de l’album dans le but d’éclairer mais aussi de questionner le texte source en explicitant, notamment par le truchement des figures d’historiens, tels Jean-Pierre Vernant et Jacqueline de Romilly, les difficultés liées à son interprétation et à sa réécriture. Nous présentons, dans ce mémoire, une analyse de l’album de Harambat qui se centre sur les enjeux identitaires et relationnels de la figure d’Ulysse, tout en offrant une réflexion sur la place des récits antiques dans la modernité ainsi que sur les nouvelles formes que peuvent prendre ces récits afin de persister dans l’imaginaire collectif. Nous nous attachons en particulier aux métarécits qui représentent le trait le plus distinctif de cette adaptation du texte homérique. Nous nous penchons sur la spécificité du médium de la bande dessinée afin d’expliciter comment l’image et le texte peuvent se complémenter, de manière à rendre compte des complexités du texte homérique et de son rapport à l’identité. Un corpus secondaire composé d’albums parus dans les mêmes années que Les chants du retour permet également de rendre compte de la diversité des réceptions de l’Odyssée au sein de la bande dessinée d’aujourd’hui. Ce mémoire se penche ainsi sur la pertinence des récits antiques dans notre contemporanéité en rendant compte des thèmes de la transmission et de la filiation, présents chez Homère et développés de manière à la fois respectueuse et imaginative par Harambat., This thesis focuses on Jean Harambat’s album Ulysse, les chants du retour, published by Actes Sud in 2014. This comic book, which adapts the last chapters of Homer’s Odyssey, distinguishes itself by its inclusion of metanarratives inside the main story which put into question the original text, notably by its use of historian figures, like Jean-Pierre Vernant and Jacqueline de Romilly, by expliciting the difficulties linked to its adaptation. We present, all along this thesis, a thorough analysis of Harambat’s album while offering a reflection on ancient texts’ place in today’s world and of the new forms they can take as they persist in our collective imagination. We focus specifically on the metanarratives of Harambat’s book that distinguishes that work from other adaptations. We also study closely the specific characteristics of comics’ medium as to explicit how they can use pictures and text in a complementary relationship, as to show the complexities of Homer’s text and its relationship to identity. A secondary corpus has been formed with books published in the same years as Les chants du retour to consider the diversity of representations of the Odyssey we entertain in our contemporaneity’s comic book world. This thesis communicates the relevance of the themes of transmission and legacy which are explored and developed by Harambat in a new and imaginative way while still being respectful of the original text.

La littérature jeunesse québécoise a bien évolué au cours des dernières années, plus particulièrement à partir des années 1970. Une nouvelle thématique a fait son entrée en littérature jeunesse depuis 1990 : la guerre, malgré le débat qui entoure le traitement de sujets délicats auprès des jeunes. Les auteurs (et illustrateurs) se sont appliqués à évoquer et à représenter, la guerre dans leurs œuvres d’une manière adaptée à leur public. Cette étude vise à comprendre comment la guerre est présentée aux jeunes enfants dans deux albums de Marie-Francine Hébert mettant en scène une fillette victime d’un conflit dont elle ne saisit pas les enjeux : Nul poisson où aller (2003) et Tu me prends en photo (2011). Après un rapide survol des enjeux soulevés par les sujets difficiles, comme la guerre, en littérature destinée à un jeune public, ce mémoire examine les mécanismes et les méthodes utilisés par Hébert et les illustrateurs afin de rendre la réalité de la guerre compréhensible et non traumatisante pour les jeunes lecteurs. Les deux ouvrages ont en commun l’usage de non-dits et d’implicites, ainsi qu’une narration très imagée, qui évite de parler directement de la violence. Mais ils se distinguent par une orientation différente donnée au témoignage et donnent lieu à des récits qui se complètent en parlant différemment d’un même objet., Québec's youth literature has evolved well over the past few years, especially from the 1970s onwards. A new theme has emerged in youth literature since 1990: war, despite the debate surrounding the treatment of sensitive subjects among young people. The authors (and illustrators) have endeavored to evoke and represent the war in their works in a way adapted to their public. This study aims to understand how warfare is presented to young children in two albums, by Marie-Francine Hébert, featuring a young girl who is the victim of a conflict of which she does not understand the stakes: Nul poisson où aller (2003) and Tu me prends en photo (2011). After a brief overview of the issues raised by difficult subjects, such as war, in literature for a young audience, this paper examines the mechanisms and methods used by Hébert and the illustrators in order to make the reality of war understandable and non-traumatic for young readers. The two works have in common the use of unspoken and implicit, as well as a very visual narrative, which avoids talking directly about violence. But they are distinguished by a different orientation given to the testimony and give rise to narratives that complement each other by speaking differently of the same object.

Ce mémoire examine l’ethos d’historien de François Du Creux dans ses Historiæ canadensis publiées en 1664. Cette œuvre relativement peu connue, qui consiste, pour une bonne part, en une réécriture latine des Relations jésuites de Nouvelle-France, pose des problèmes de statut et de finalité découlant notamment des transformations que connaissait l’écriture de l’histoire à l’époque de Du Creux. L’étude de l’ethos est ici envisagée comme un moyen d’aborder les grands enjeux de l’œuvre en précisant le projet auctorial lié au statut de l’historien. À partir des occurrences de la première personne dans les pièces liminaires et dans le corps du texte, nous dégageons d’abord les trois statuts énonciatifs de la figure auctoriale, en tant que Français, Jésuite et historien. Ces statuts évoquent des questions religieuses et politiques, souvent polémiques, qui sont associées à la Compagnie de Jésus au xviie siècle. L’auteur les convoque pour établir son autorité en se référant à sa tâche d’historien, en défendant ses positions sur les questions qui concernent son ordre et en faisant valoir sa familiarité avec les acteurs et les faits historiques. Nous montrons enfin comment les figures adoptées par l’auteur orientent la lecture des événements racontés et affinent la compréhension de la visée de l’œuvre., This thesis examines the ethos François Du Creux as a historian in his Historiæ canadensis published in 1664. This relatively unknown work, which mostly consists of a rewriting of the New France Jesuits’ Relations, presents problems of status and purpose largely derived from the transformations that were characteristic of the writing of history in Du Creux’s time. The study of the ethos is used here as a way to address the key issues of the book by clarifying the authorial work associated with the status of the historian. First, we have drawn from occurrences of verbs in the first person in the introductory pieces and the main text three descriptive statuses of the authorial figure: Frenchman, Jesuit, and historian. Theses statuses are linked to religious and politic matters, often controversial, that were associated with the Society of Jesus during the 17th century. Du Creux invokes them to establish his authority by citing his historian function, by defending his positions on matters that concern his order, and by asserting his familiarity with the historical players and facts. Lastly, we demonstrate how the figures used by Du Creux guide the reader’s understanding of the events that are described and deepen the comprehension of the work’s aim.

Les bergères de l'Apocalypse est le récit de la protagoniste Ariane qui projette de réécrire, en marge du discours officiel, les événements qui ont conduit à la création d'une société gynocentrique. À la diversité des préoccupations qui alimentent cette vision utopiste de la société répond une indétermination générique qui rend le récit difficile à classer. Mettant en scène une société idéale qui n'en est pas une (puisque les femmes, après l'extermination des hommes, ont reproduit certaines structures de pouvoir patriarcales), l’ouvrage ne peut pas être identifié uniquement comme un roman de science-fiction puisqu'il emprunte à la fois à l'essai, à l’utopie féministe et au récit apocalyptique. Cette hybridation apparaît comme l’un des traits de cet ouvrage éclaté qui multiplie les techniques narratives et les récits dans un cadre où l’intertextualité joue un rôle important. L'hypothèse que je propose pour expliquer une telle variation générique est que le roman représente ici une forme modulable qui marie à la complexité des propositions apportées au discours féministe ambiant. Grâce au mélange des genres et des discours, l'auteure, à travers Ariane, parvient à dialoguer avec une panoplie d'intertextes dont le contrepoint original et touffu ne peut que déconcerter la lectrice. Afin d'analyser le roman, j'observerai comment l’oeuvre exploite les potentiels de généricité dans la forme, les techniques narratives, leur liens avec les motifs écoféministes, ainsi que le mode d'inscription des différents discours., Les Bergères de l'apocalypse is the story of the protagonist Ariane who plans to rewrite, in the sidelines of the official discourse, the events that led to the creation of a gynocentric society. In the variety of concerns that fuel this utopian vision of society meets a generic indeterminacy that makes it difficult to classify. Featuring an ideal society which turns out no to be one (as women after the extermination of men have reproduced some structures of patriarchal power), the book can't be identified solely as a science fiction novel since it borrows both the essay, the feminist utopia and the apocalyptic narrative. This hybridization appears as one of the features of this book that multiplies the narrative techniques and narratives in a setting where intertextuality plays an important role. The hypothesis that I propose to explain such generic explosion is that the novel represents a shape conforming to the complexity of the proposals made to the feminist discourse of the seventies. With the mix of genres and discourses, the author, through Ariane, manages to communicate with a variety variety of intertexts whose original and dense counterpoint could only confuse the reader. To analyze the novel, I will observe how the book exploits the potential of generic in his form, narrative techniques, their links with ecofeminists motifs, as well as the inscription of different discourses.

Le Cycle de Kraven de Xavier Mauméjean met en place un réseau référentiel qui repose sur le recyclage systématique d’éléments historiques et littéraires. Afin de bien saisir le fonctionnement de ce cycle narratif, il importe de se pencher sur cette dynamique référentielle exacerbée relevant d’une poétique du recyclage (au sens de réutilisation) qui se manifeste par l’emprunt de nombreux référents historiques et littéraires, que le récit modifie à divers degrés. Au moyen de la notion de recyclage, des travaux sur la récupération de l’Histoire par l’uchronie et d’études sur le steampunk, esthétique dont relève le Cycle de Kraven, ce mémoire examine les effets de ce recyclage sur le fonctionnement du récit, mais aussi sur le lecteur. En effet, par un imposant mélange de références authentiques et fictives, le Cycle de Kraven cherche à mystifier le lecteur qui se trouve au centre d’un fourmillement intertextuel brouillant les frontières entre Histoire et fiction. Une réflexion sur le paratexte vient compléter l’analyse du Cycle de Kraven, puisque préface, notes en bas de page, liste de livres et bon de commande contribuent grandement à la création d’un effet de mystification., Cycle de Kraven, from French author Xavier Mauméjean, establishes a referential network based on a systematic recycling of historical and literary elements. In order to fully understand how this narrative cycle works, one needs to look into these exacerbated referential dynamics which depends on a poetics of recycling. This manifests itself through the borrowing of multiple historical and literary referents, modified at various levels throughout the story. Through the notion of recycling, works on the recovery of history through uchrony and studies on the steampunk genre – being Kraven's primary aesthetic – this dissertation looks into the effects this recycling has on the story's working, as well as on the reader himself. Indeed, through its impressive blending of genuine and fictional references, Cycle de Kraven bemuses the reader who finds himself or herself exploring a intertextual universe where history and fiction may hardly be differed from one another. A study on the paratext concludes this analysis of Cycle de Kraven since elements such as the preface, the footnotes and the purchase order form contribute to the befuddlement of readers.

Ce mémoire de maîtrise en recherche-création explore aussi bien la teneur populaire que l'aspect proprement théâtral associés aux figures narratives que sont les bonimenteurs. À partir d'une lecture critique des Nouvelles récréations et joyeux devis (1558) de Bonaventure Des Périers, le volet essai du mémoire tente de cerner quelle est la posture particulière que présente ce narrateur bonimenteur de la Renaissance française. Nous avons cette fois tenté de voir comment ce discours employé par Des Périers, grâce à une stylistique et une structure discursive qui lui sont propres, participe de la figure du bonimenteur s’adressant au lecteur comme il le ferait sur une place publique, usant de cette posture pour jouer avec son lecteur, grâce à des effets paradoxaux de rapprochement et de mise à distance. Cette façon ludique de se mettre en valeur propre aux bonimenteurs aura des échos jusque dans le volet création du mémoire. Propos et contes avinés est un recueil de nouvelles inspiré de la tradition boccaccienne dans lequel des protagonistes se racontent des histoires pour convaincre leurs interlocuteurs du bien-fondé de leur position. S’y juxtapose aussi bien la parole dialoguée (dans les « propos ») que la parole narrative (dans les « contes »), dans une atmosphère carnavalesque., This master’s thesis in research/creation explores the popular scope as well as the theatrical aspect associated with the narrative figures that are the pitchmen. Following a critical reading of the Nouvelles récréations et joyeux devis (1558) from Bonaventure Des Périers, the essay portion of the thesis attempts to identify the particular posture presented by the pitchman narrator from the French Renaissance. We have attempted to illustrate how this discourse used by Des Périers, through his particular stylistic and discursive structure, partakes in the pitchman figure who addresses the readers directly as he would do in the public square and uses this posture to play with them, using paradoxical effects of proximity and detachment. This playful manner through which the pitchmen distinguish themselves will fin echoes in the creation portion of this thesis. Propos et contes avinés is a collection of short stories inspired by the boccaccian tradition in which the protagonists tell stories in order to convince their listeners of the validity of their opinions. Their dialogue (the discourse) is juxtaposed with narrative (the tale) in a carnivalesque atmosphere.

Le présent mémoire vise à détailler les particularités du discours autobiographique dans L’Ascension du Haut Mal afin de saisir la poétique de David B. comme un sceau cicatriciel permettant de rendre compte de la maladie fraternelle et d’y faire face, au moyen de stratégies autobiographiques qui consolident textuellement et visuellement l’identité de l’auteur-personnage au sein du récit. Le premier chapitre consiste en une étude sur les récits de soi en bande dessinée. Un survol historique de l’évolution de la bande dessinée autobiographique dans la francophonie européenne inscrit L’Ascension du Haut Mal dans le mouvement de contestation mené par les maisons d’édition alternatives du début des années 1990. Puis, l’état des lieux en matière de théories portant sur l’autobiographie en bande dessinée établit les critères selon lesquels cette œuvre répond au genre autobiographique. Les deux chapitres suivants correspondent aux grands axes du discours autoréférentiel de L’Ascension du Haut Mal: le postulat d’un pacte autobiographique et le récit de la construction identitaire de l’auteur. Le deuxième chapitre explique par quels moyens l’hybridité formelle, la dimension fantasmatique et le foisonnement intertextuel de l’œuvre étudiée altèrent le pacte autobiographique sans toutefois le rompre. Le troisième chapitre démontre que le développement identitaire du personnage de David B. répond à une logique d’opposition, en regard de son frère, de la société et même de la réalité, visible jusque dans l’esthétique de l’auteur. L’analyse des marques graphiques et thématiques symptomatiques des défenses élevées par David B. contre la tyrannie du Haut Mal, l’épilepsie, est effectuée., This thesis aims to detail the peculiarities of the autobiographical speech in Epileptic to capture the poetics signature of David B. as a scar seal reporting the fraternal disease and letting him deal with it, through autobiographical strategies strengthening textually and visually the identity of the author-character in the story. The first chapter is a study of self-narratives in comics. A historical overview of the development of the French autobiographical comics in Europe allows us to include Epileptic in the protest movement led by alternative publishing houses in the early 1990s. Then the state of play in terms of theories of autobiography in comics establishes the criteria by which this work responds to the autobiographical genre. The next two chapters correspond to the major axes of the self-referential discourse in Epileptic: the assumption of an autobiographical pact and the story of the construction of identity of the author. The second chapter explains the means by which formal hybridity, fantasy dimension and intertextual abundance of the work studied alter the autobiographical pact without breaking it. The third chapter demonstrates that the identity development of the character of David B. responds to a logic of opposition, beside his brother, society and even reality, visible even in the aesthetics of the author. The analysis of symptomatic graphics and thematic marks of David B.’s signature as defenses against the tyranny of the illness is performed.

Le tournant des XXe et XXIe siècles coïncide avec l’essor de la littérature fantasy, héritière de nombreuses formes littéraires et cinématographiques. Plusieurs œuvres de ce corpus récent procèdent au renouvellement des paramètres conventionnels de la fantasy. Pierre Bottero prend part à cet effort par le truchement de la figure singulière d’une femme, Ellana, appartenant à la guilde des marchombres, et dont la quête de liberté renvoie à la recherche de dépassement de l’auteur. Après l’écriture de La Quête d’Ewilan (2003) et Les Mondes d’Ewilan (2005), Bottero se détourne en effet de la tradition tolkiénienne et de la légende arthurienne afin de mettre au point Le Pacte des marchombres, une trilogie qui relate l’émancipation du personnage d’Ellana par sa pratique d’une écriture « poétique ». Le présent mémoire explore les potentialités de l’écriture fantasy qui se déploient au sein du récit Ellana (2006), premier volet de la dernière trilogie de Bottero. Ellana relève d’une pratique particulière de l’écriture transfictionnelle – le prequel – qui s’effectue à rebours. Bottero substitue à la figure de Merlin, mythe fondateur de ses premières trilogies, celle d’Ellana, qui en vient à jouer un rôle central au sein du cycle alavirien. Nous mettons en relief les principaux traits du genre fantasy dans le but d’identifier les topoï qu’Ellana reconduit ou transgresse. Parallèlement, nous procédons à l’étude de l’imaginaire bottérien dont la figure d’Ellana est tributaire. En faisant de la protagoniste une figure mythique, l’auteur construit l’image d’un féminin à la fois sauvage et gracieux que rien n’empêche de vivre indépendamment des hommes., Fantasy literature, heiress of many literary and cinematographic forms, has developed rapidly at the turn of the XXth and XXIst centuries. In this recent corpus, several works concur to the renewal of the conventional parameters of fantasy. Pierre Bottero takes part in this joint action through a singular feminine figure, Ellana, who belongs to the marchombre guild, and whose freedom quest refers to the author’s goal to dispel the commonplaces of fantasy genre. Indeed, after the writing of La Quête d’Ewilan (2003) and Les Mondes d’Ewilan (2005), Bottero moves away from tolkienian tradition and arthurian legend in order to create Le Pacte des marchombres, a trilogy relating the emancipation of Ellana’s figure by the way of a “poetical” writing practice. This thesis searches for fantasy writing’s potentialities that are observable in the book Ellana (2006), first volume of Bottero’s final trilogy. Ellana comes under a particular transfictional writing practice – the prequel – that is done back to front. While the first trilogies of Bottero are based on Merlin’s myth, the author changes the focus to Ellana’s figure who plays a pivotal role in the alavirian cycle. We highlight the main features of the fantasy genre with the aim to identify the topoï that Ellana renews or infringes. At the same time, we set about studying the botterian imaginary that Ellana’s figure is dependent on. By turning the protagonist into a mythical figure, the author builds the image of a wild yet graceful feminine that nothing prevents from living apart from men.

La contribution intellectuelle d’Érasme de Rotterdam (ca 1466-1536), en particulier dans les domaines exégétique, philologique et littéraire, a été décisive pour l’histoire des idées et l’évangélisme humaniste. Ses "Paraphrases sur le Nouveau Testament", visant principalement à clarifier le propos des saintes Écritures, représentent l’aboutissement de tout son travail exégétique. Davantage qu’un commentaire savant, elles ont contribué à diffuser la piété et le savoir biblique chez les laïcs, ce qui explique le franc succès qu’elles ont remporté au XVIe siècle. Toutefois, la question de leur réception et de leur diffusion en langue française reste encore peu explorée. La "Paraphrase sur l’épître de Paul aux Romains" a eu une importance toute particulière dans le contexte de la Réforme religieuse. Elle a été traduite du latin au français dans un manuscrit rédigé en 1526 par Hubert Kerssan, chanoine de Nivelles, dans le Brabant wallon. Destinée sans doute à un usage privé ou, du moins, à une diffusion plus restreinte, cette traduction est restée dans l’ombre jusqu’à aujourd’hui et son existence même est encore inconnue de la critique, d’où notre projet de la rendre accessible grâce à l’établissement d’une édition critique. Ce travail éditorial a été l’occasion d’étudier la traduction de Kerssan en regard du texte original, ce qui nous a permis de déterminer comment elle s’en distingue, de même que de réfléchir au choix du mode de diffusion manuscrit dans le contexte humaniste du XVIe siècle. Après près de cinq siècles, le manuscrit de Nivelles peut enfin acquérir une certaine visibilité. Il saura contribuer à l’étude de la réception et de la diffusion de la pensée érasmienne dans les milieux francophones en Europe ainsi qu’aux problèmes théologiques et culturels posés par l’œuvre d’Érasme., The writings of Erasmus of Rotterdam (ca 1466-1536) contributed to many fields such as exegesis, philology and literature. They had a major influence on the history of ideas and on humanist evangelism. Overmore, the "Paraphrases on the New Testament", that were meant to clarify the meaning of Holy Scripture, represent the outcome of all the exegetic work of Erasmus. They participated even more than scholar commentaries to diffuse piety and biblical knowledge among lay people. This explains the great success they gained in the 16th century. The "Paraphrase on Paul’s letter to the Romans" had a special importance in the religious reform context. It was translated from latin language to french in a 1526 manuscript written by Hubert Kerssan, canon of the city of Nivelles, in the Walloon Brabant. Since this translation was probably intended for a private use or at least a limited diffusion, it is still unknown in the area of erasmian studies. For this reason, our project is to make the 1526 manuscript accessible by establishing a critical edition. While doing this editorial work, we compared Kerssan’s translation with Erasmus’ Paraphrase in latin in order to determine in which way it differs from the original. We also investigated the possible reasons it was not published in the humanist context of the 16th century. After five hundred years, the Nivelles manuscript can finally be diffused. We hope that this critical edition contributes to a better understanding the reception and diffusion of Erasmus’ philosophy in french speaking environment all around Europe, as well as to the study of theological and cultural issues that arises from his writings.

Ce mémoire porte sur le rôle des divinités dans la structure dramatique de la tragédie en musique Idoménée d’Antoine Danchet et d’André Campra, originalement créée en 1712 et remaniée en 1731. L’étude répond à des questions d’ordre structurel quant à l’évolution du genre et montre de quelle façon la représentation des dieux dans Idoménée est liée à une ouverture formelle qui annonce la disparition du prologue, puisque les divinités n’y sont plus confinées à une fonction de louange du roi, mais contribuent activement à lancer l’action dramatique dès cette partie liminaire de l’opéra. Par un bref aperçu historique de la tragédie lyrique et des traditions mythologiques se rapportant à Vénus et à Neptune, ce mémoire questionne la place de ces dieux dans l’univers des hommes, tel que l’envisage la tragédie lyrique, qui démontre, comme on le sait, une propension à unifier les mondes surnaturel et humain. Dans Idoménée, cette unification passe en grande partie par l’usage d’un prologue qui fait office de premier acte, en assurant aux divinités en question une fonction essentielle à la structure dramatique., This essay focuses on the deities’ role in the dramatic structure of Antoine Danchet and André Campra’s Idoménée, a tragédie en musique originally written in 1712 and rearranged in 1731. This research raises questions about the evolution of this particular genre while aiming to show how the representation of the Gods in Idoménée is linked to a formal opening which announces the disappearance of the prologue during the 1740s, as the deities are no longer used to solely praise the king but actively contribute to start off the dramatic effect as early as this opening part of the opera, thus giving a new function to the prologue. Through a brief historical overview of the French opera genre known as tragédie lyrique and of the mythological traditions linked to Venus and Neptune, this essay questions the place of these two deities in the human universe as envisioned by the tragédie lyrique which, as it is well known, tends to unify the supernatural and human worlds. In Idoménée, this unification mostly occurs through the use of a prologue, which also forms the first act of this drama, giving the deities in question an essential role in the dramatic structure of the opera.

Difficile à manier, le thème de l’homosexualité est peu exploité dans le domaine des arts. Dans la littérature jeunesse québécoise, on trouve peu de personnages principaux homosexuels constituant des représentations positives pour les adolescents. Double échappée, le premier volet de ce mémoire en recherche-création, résulte d’une volonté de contribuer à ce secteur en braquant le projecteur sur deux protagonistes adolescents qui vivent leur homosexualité en parallèle. L’un doit apprendre à vivre avec cette réalité qui est toute nouvelle pour lui tandis que le second, sorti du placard et censément à l’aise avec son homosexualité, se voit obligé de réaffirmer son identité lorsqu’il arrive dans un nouvel environnement. Leurs parcours s’entremêlent, leur relation grandit et on assiste à leurs prises de conscience, diverses certes, mais aussi complémentaires. Le second volet du mémoire, intitulé Se dire, se comprendre : l’homosexualité dans les romans québécois pour la jeunesse, sert en quelque sorte de cadre contextuel à Double échappée. Adoptant un parcours en grande partie sociologique, cet essai examine le traitement des enjeux identitaires soulevés par l’homosexualité dans quelques romans québécois. Y est brièvement analysée la manière dont six ouvrages récents destinés à la jeunesse portent le sujet, particulièrement en ce qui a trait à la prise de conscience identitaire et son expression. Cette étude se penche sur la façon dont ces récits proposent la découverte de l’homosexualité par des adolescents en s’attardant à la présentation des personnages homosexuels et leur cheminement. Il s’agit de mettre en lumière la manière dont le texte montre et fait entendre la voie/voix des protagonistes gays et lesbiens., A delicate matter, homosexuality as a theme is seldom exploited in the arts. In Quebec’s literature for young people, we can only find a few main homosexual characters constituting positive representations for teenagers. Double échappée, the first part of this master thesis in research-creation, contributes to this field by directing the spotlight towards two teenagers who live their homosexuality in parallel. One has to learn to cope with this reality, a reality that is still new to him. At the same time, the other one, out of the closet and seamlessly at ease with his homosexuality, is forced to reaffirm his identity when he arrives in a new environment. Their paths are intertwined, their relationship grows and the reader is shown their awakenings, different but also tightly connected one to another. The second part of this master thesis, entitled Se dire, se comprendre : l’homosexualité dans les romans québécois pour la jeunesse, is somewhat Double échappée’s contextual frame. With the sociological implications of the topic in mind, this essay studies the various treatments of identity issues brought up by homosexuality in a few novels published in Quebec. It analyzes the way six recent works destined for young adults hold the topic of homosexuality, especially in regard to identity awareness and its expression. This study concentrates on the way those books propose the uncovering of homosexuality by teenagers by focussing on the homosexual characters’ representations and their progression. It is important to see how the stories give a voice to the lesbian and gay protagonists.

Comment le motif de la marque insensible du diable a-t-il pu se frayer un chemin au sein du discours théologique, juridique et médical de la fin de la Renaissance jusqu'à s'imposer comme une pièce essentielle du crime de sorcellerie? Selon quels mécanismes et à partir de quels systèmes de croyance cette marque corporelle en est-elle venue à connaître une si large diffusion et une aussi grande acceptation tant chez les gens du livres que parmi les couches populaires? En cette époque marquée par la grande chasse aux sorcières et le développement de l'investigation scientifique, l'intérêt que les savants portent à cette étrange sémiologie constitue une porte d'accès privilégiée pour aborder de front la dynamique du déplacement des frontières que la démonologie met en oeuvre au sein des différents champs du savoir. Cette thèse a pour objectif d'étudier le réseau des mutations épistémologiques qui conditionne l'émergence de la marque du diable dans le savoir démonologique français à la charnière des XVIe et XVIIe siècles. Nous examinerons par quels cheminements l'altérité diabolique s'est peu à peu intériorisée dans le corps et l'âme des individus sous l'influence grandissante des vertus de l'empirisme, de la méthode expérimentale et de l'observation. En analysant la construction rhétorique de la théorie des marques du diable et en la reliant aux changements qui s'opèrent sur la plateforme intellectuelle de l'Ancien Régime, nous entendons éclairer la nouvelle distribution qui s'effectue entre les faits naturels et surnaturels ainsi que les modalités d'écriture pour en rendre compte., How did the motive of the Devil's Mark wend its way through the theological, legal and medical discourse at the end of the Renaissance to such a point that it became a critical component of the crime of witchcraft? Through what mechanisms and what belief systems did this idea of the Devil's Mark become so widely disseminated and greatly accepted among both the scholars and the general public? In a period marked by the Great Witch Hunt, as well as the development of scientific investigation, the fact that the scholars are interested in this strange semiotics is a very interesting starting point to address head-on the shift in boundaries that demonology brought about within these different fields of knowledge. The purpose of this thesis is to study the network of the epistemological mutations that shaped how the Devil's Mark emerged in French demonological knowledge between the end of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century. We will review how diabolical otherness gradually became internalized in the individuals' heart and soul under the increasingly powerful influence of empiricism, experimental method, and observation. We will analyze the rhetorical construction surrounding the Devil's Mark theory and relate it to the changes that took place in the intellectual platform of the Ancien Régime in order to shed light on the new classification that appeared between natural and supernatural facts, as well as on the rhetorical strategies used to report on them.

ispartof: Jeux de masques. Les femmes et le travestissement textuel (1500-1940) pages:157-168 ispartof: pages:157-168 status: published

Hue de Rotelande, an Anglo-Norman part of the literary activity of the last quarter of the 12th century, is the author of the two poetical novels entitled Ipomedon and Protheselaus. These novels often questioned by the critiques, even though a thorough analysis of his literary writings does not exist, pose a serious problem as to their classification and interpretation. In fact, Hue's literary writings that cannot be classified either in the category of Romances of Antiquity or in the Arthurian Romances, seem to be written in episodes borrowed from the contemporary novels. Even though we notice certain already known characters and motives, Hue does not organize his texts in a conventional fashion such as his predecessors. According to a double relationship between dependence and innovation, Hue appropriates different materials in order to create a novelistic atmosphere which can contribute either to the repetition or variation of a literary tradition. Since Hue's texts borrow or use incessantly spaces from other novels and at the same time evolve on already existing codes, it therefore seemed obvious that we should study the method he uses to order his writings and with which piece his novels converse with. Representing the translatio studii, and exposing his writings as simple translation, Hue plays with his referential modals which he empties from all auctoritas. He thus proves that this writing tradition which requires the superposition of text one upon the other, the new onto the ancient, is from an apparent world (chapter 1). If he builds his texts following the frame or the structure of the courtly romance, he thus puts into question the different modalities of that genre. He therefore proposes or conceptualizes a new version of the courtly romance, giving to his novels a certain naughty or spicy tone (chapter 2). As a writer, Hue always uses a reflective discourse in order to outline his writing style that qualifies his texts. He focuses on his role as an author, on the self-image he transmits and on his function through his novels (chapter 3)., Hue de Rotelande, poète anglo-normand dont l'activité littéraire se situe dans le dernier quart du XIIe siècle, est l'auteur de deux romans en vers, Ipomedon et Protheselaus. Souvent interrogés par la critique - bien qu'une étude d'ensemble sur l'œuvre de Hue fasse défaut - ces textes posent problème quant à leur classification et à leur interprétation. En effet, les ouvrages de Hue, que l'on ne peut tout à fait considérer ni comme des romans antiques ni comme des romans arthuriens, semblent n'être composés que d'épisodes empruntés à des récits contemporains. S'il est vrai que l'on retrouve des motifs et des personnages connus par ailleurs, Hue n'organise pas ses textes de la même manière que ses prédécesseurs. Sous un double rapport de dépendance et d'innovation, Hue s'approprie différents matériaux pour recomposer un monde romanesque, qui repose en grande partie sur la répétition et la variation des traditions littéraires. Puisque les textes de Hue empruntent et utilisent sans cesse l'espace et la matière d'autres romans, et se développent sur des codes déjà existants, il nous a paru nécessaire d'étudier la manière dont l'auteur ordonne ses compositions et établit un dialogue avec d'autres œuvres. Se plaçant sous le signe de la translatio studii et présentant ses ouvrages comme de simples traductions, Hue joue avec ses modèles référentiels qu'il vide de toute auctoritas. Il montre que cette tradition qui veut que les textes s'écrivent les uns sur les autres, le nouveau sur l'ancien, est de l'ordre du semblant (chapitre I). S'il construit ses textes sur le moule et les recettes du roman courtois, il remet en question les modalités de celui-ci afin de proposer une nouvelle conception courtoise qui donne à ses romans une tonalité égrillarde (chapitre II). Hue ne cesse de tenir un discours réflexif sur sa pratique d'écrivain de façon à souligner le travail de l'écriture qui s'exerce dans ses textes. Il attire l'attention sur son propre rôle d'auteur, sur l'image qu'il donne de lui-même et de sa fonction dans son œuvre (chapitre III).

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.